UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS Instituto De Filosofia, Sociologia E Política Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Política

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS Instituto De Filosofia, Sociologia E Política Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Política UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS Instituto de Filosofia, Sociologia e Política Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Política Dissertação de Mestrado Grupos de mídia pertencentes a partidos políticos: O caso de Malta a partir de 1991. Antonio Vicente Pessoa de Oliveira Pelotas 2019 Antonio Vicente Pessoa de Oliveira Grupos de mídia pertencentes a partidos políticos: O caso de Malta a partir de 1991 Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência Política do Instituto de Filosofia, Sociologia e Política da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciência Política. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alvaro Augusto de Borba Barreto Pelotas, 2019 Universidade Federal de Pelotas / Sistema de Bibliotecas Catalogação na Publicação P475g Pessoa, Antonio Vicente de Oliveira PesGrupos de mídia pertencentes a partidos políticos : o caso de Malta a partir de 1991 / Antonio Vicente de Oliveira Pessoa ; Alvaro Augusto de Borba Barreto, orientador. — Pelotas, 2019. Pes174 f. : il. PesDissertação (Mestrado) — Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política, Instituto de Filosofia, Sociologia e Política, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2019. Pes1. Mídia partidária. 2. Comunicação política. 3. Malta. 4. Dependência de trajetória. I. Barreto, Alvaro Augusto de Borba, orient. II. Título. CDD : 320 Elaborada por Kênia Moreira Bernini CRB: 10/920 ANTONIO VICENTE PESSOA DE OLIVEIRA Grupos de mídia pertencentes a partidos políticos: O caso de Malta a partir de 1991 Dissertação aprovada, como requisito parcial, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Política, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política, Instituto de Filosofia, Sociologia e Política, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Data da Defesa: 12/06/2019 Banca examinadora: ........................................................................................................................................ Prof. Dr. Alvaro Augusto de Borba Barreto (Orientador) Doutor em História pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul ........................................................................................................................................ Profª. Drª. Karina Lilia Pasquariello Mariano Doutora em Ciências Sociais pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas ........................................................................................................................................ Profª. Drª. Rosângela Marione Schulz Doutora em Ciência Política pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul AGRADECIMENTOS À minha mãe, Thereza Cristina Pessoa de Oliveira, que me apoiou durante vários anos, tanto financeiramente quanto moralmente, para que este sonho fosse possível, podendo sentir-se também parte desta realização. Ao povo de Malta, pelo fascinante objeto de pesquisa. Ao grande amigo Lucas Paolillo Barboza, que mesmo vinculado a um distinto programa de pós-graduação, praticamente cursou o Mestrado em paralelo comigo. Um grande e especial agradecimento à minha orientadora na graduação na UNESP Araraquara até 2015, e líder do GEICD (Grupo de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Cultura e Desenvolvimento), Professora Doutora Karina Lilia Pasquariello Mariano, pelos muitos anos de convivência acadêmica, uma experiência única e que, ao longo dos últimos cinco anos, me moldou academicamente para alcançar o mestrado e concretizar o sonho de concluí-lo. Aos membros do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política do Instituto de Filosofia, Sociologia e Política da Universidade Federal de Pelotas pelo apoio e acolhimento a este paulista que veio ao Rio Grande do Sul realizar o sonho da pós-graduação. Em especial, um agradecimento para a Professora Doutora Rosângela Marione Schulz, que após meu ingresso no mestrado no início de 2017, me deu bons conselhos sobre os procedimentos dentro do programa para obter a bolsa da CAPES, além de tirar muitas dúvidas que surgiam naquele período inicial, que eu era um novato no PPGCPol e ela era a Coordenadora do programa, e posteriormente aceitou fazer parte das minhas bancas de Qualificação e Defesa. Manifesto o maior agradecimento para o Professor Doutor Alvaro Augusto de Borba Barreto, meu orientador. Devo a ele um muito obrigado pelos mais de dois anos de compreensão, palavras de motivação e incentivo, e-mails respondidos em poucos minutos, por ler os capítulos da minha dissertação e devolvê-los em poucos dias, realizando apontamentos e sugestões pertinentes e com rigor acadêmico. Mesmo durante seu pós-doutorado em Portugal, manteve-se sempre solicito e disponível para esclarecer qualquer dúvida, compreender que eu precisei de mais prazo para produzir a dissertação do que inicialmente imaginamos. Agradeço a oportunidade de ter um orientador como o Professor Alvaro, pois sem a tranquilidade que ele me transmitiu, não sei como teria sido possível realizar este mestrado. Obrigado. RESUMO PESSOA, Antonio Vicente de Oliveira. Grupos de mídia pertencentes a partidos políticos: o caso de Malta a partir de 1991. 2019. 174 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Política). Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo visa desvendar a razão e o funcionamento de um fenômeno incomum, em que partidos políticos são proprietários de grupos de comunicação em massa. Para tratar de um tema como grupos de mídia pertencentes a partidos políticos, esta pesquisa foca no único caso dentre as democracias europeias, na República de Malta, pequeno Estado-nação no Mar Mediterrâneo, em que há grupos de mídia pertencentes a organizações partidárias, estes gerenciando alguns dos canais de televisão, estações de rádio, jornais diários e semanais, além de portais de notícias. Há um rico conjunto de informações e exposição de detalhes sobre o caso dos grupos de mídia partidários malteses na obra de Sammut (2007), cuja citação será frequente na descrição do objeto de estudo deste trabalho. O marco temporal deste estudo abarcará os antecedentes, desde a estatização da mídia audiovisual em Malta, em 1975, passando pelo período de estabelecimento destes veículos de comunicação partidários, a partir de 1991, até o período de consolidação de fenômeno, em que é possível encontrar material bibliográfico sobre o caso, em 2014. Esta dissertação apresenta duas linhas de análise, uma sobre as razões do estabelecimento e manutenção desse modelo ímpar de mídia partidarizada, e outra sobre o funcionamento desse modelo, visando expor para quais objetivos esses veículos de comunicação são empregados. Para a primeira linha de análise, as razões do estabelecimento e manutenção serão tratadas sob uma ótica neoinstitucionalista, empregando o ferramental teórico da dependência de trajetória, também conhecido como path dependence. Para a segunda linha de análise, o funcionamento do fenômeno será analisado sob a luz teórica da comunicação política. Este trabalho conclui que, com o estabelecimento de grupos de mídia partidários, diferentes correntes da opinião pública maltesa possuem meios mais transparentes para saber quais são os interesses políticos de quem os informa, e com o que é oferecido, cada indivíduo pode decidir qual ponto de vista seguir ou desenvolver a sua própria visão dos fatos. A conclusão sobre um modelo de mídia que contempla a existência de veículos de comunicação pertencentes a partidos políticos, coexistindo com mídias de propriedade privada, religiosa e estatal, oferece contribuições para futuras reflexões sobre o acesso à mídia por parte de distintos grupos e correntes políticas, que representam setores de uma determinada sociedade. Palavras-Chave: Mídia partidária; comunicação política; Malta; dependência de trajetória ABSTRACT PESSOA, Antonio Vicente de Oliveira. Media groups owned by political parties: the case of Malta since 1991. 2019. 174 f. Dissertation (Master’s Degree in Political Science). Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The goal of this study is to uncover the reason and the functioning of an unusual phenomenon, in which political parties are the owners of mass communication outlets. In order to deal with a theme as partisan media groups, this research focuses on the only one known case among European democracies, in which political parties owns media groups, managing television channels, radio stations, daily and weekly newspapers, as well as news websites: Republic of Malta, a small nation placed on central Mediterranean Sea. In Sammut’s book (2007) there is several information and details about the case of Maltese partisan media groups, whose citations will be often in the description of the object of study on this work. As the differential of this case, the focus of this study is on the audiovisual, partisan television and radio channels. The time frame of this study will cover the previous facts, from the nationalization of the audiovisual media in Malta, in 1975, through the establishment of those partisan media outlets, from 1991 and the follow years, until the period of partisan media consolidation, in which it is possible to find bibliographic material on this case, in 2014. This dissertation presents two lines of analysis, one on the reasons for establishing and maintaining that unique partisan media model, and another on the operation of this model, aiming to expose for which objectives those partisan communication outlets are employed. For the first line of analysis, the reasons for establishment and maintenance will be treated from a neoinstitutionalist perspective, using the theoretical tool of path dependence. For the second line of analysis,
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