DOCSLIB.ORG

Download This Publication (PDF File)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download This Publication (PDF File) PUBLIC LIBRARY of SCIENCE | plosgenetics.org | ISSN 1553-7390 | Volume 2 | Issue 12 | DECEMBER 2006 GENETICS PUBLIC LIBRARY of SCIENCE www.plosgenetics.org Volume 2 | Issue 12 | DECEMBER 2006 Interview Review Knight in Common Armor: 1949 Unraveling the Genetics 1956 An Interview with Sir John Sulston e225 of Human Obesity e188 Jane Gitschier David M. Mutch, Karine Clément Research Articles Natural Variants of AtHKT1 1964 The Complete Genome 2039 Enhance Na+ Accumulation e210 Sequence and Comparative e206 in Two Wild Populations of Genome Analysis of the High Arabidopsis Pathogenicity Yersinia Ana Rus, Ivan Baxter, enterocolitica Strain 8081 Balasubramaniam Muthukumar, Nicholas R. Thomson, Sarah Jeff Gustin, Brett Lahner, Elena Howard, Brendan W. Wren, Yakubova, David E. Salt Matthew T. G. Holden, Lisa Crossman, Gregory L. Challis, About the Cover Drosophila SPF45: A Bifunctional 1974 Carol Churcher, Karen The jigsaw image of representatives Protein with Roles in Both e178 Mungall, Karen Brooks, Tracey of various lines of eukaryote evolution Splicing and DNA Repair Chillingworth, Theresa Feltwell, refl ects the current lack of consensus as Ahmad Sami Chaouki, Helen K. Zahra Abdellah, Heidi Hauser, to how the major branches of eukaryotes Salz Kay Jagels, Mark Maddison, fi t together. The illustrations from upper Sharon Moule, Mandy Sanders, left to bottom right are as follows: a single Mammalian Small Nucleolar 1984 Sally Whitehead, Michael A. scale from the surface of Umbellosphaera; RNAs Are Mobile Genetic e205 Quail, Gordon Dougan, Julian Amoeba, the large amoeboid organism Elements Parkhill, Michael B. Prentice used as an introduction to protists for Michel J. Weber many school children; Euglena, the iconic Low Levels of Genetic 2052 fl agellate that is often used to challenge Soft Sweeps III: The Signature 1998 Divergence across e215 ideas of plants (Euglena has chloroplasts) of Positive Selection from e186 Geographically and and animals (Euglena moves); Stentor, Recurrent Mutation Linguistically Diverse one of the larger ciliates; Cacatua, the Pleuni S. Pennings, Joachim Populations from India sulphur-crested cockatoo from Australia; Hermisson Noah A. Rosenberg, Saurabh Paulinella, a shelled amoeba that Mahajan, Catalina Gonzalez- contains two cyanobacterial symbionts; Adaptive Stress Response in 2013 Quevedo, Michael G. B. Blum, Thalassionema, one of the more common Segmental Progeria Resembles e192 Laura Nino-Rosales, Vasiliki diatoms; Jakoba, a colorless free- Long-Lived Dwarfi sm and Ninis, Parimal Das, Madhuri living fl agellate; Massisteria, a marine Calorie Restriction in Mice Hegde, Laura Molinari, Gladys amoebofl agellate with fi ne radiating Marieke van de Ven, Jaan-Olle Zapata, James L. Weber, John W. pseudopodia; Deltotrichonympha, one Andressoo, Valerie B. Holcomb, Belmont, Pragna I. Patel of the large fl agellates with numerous Marieke von Lindern, Willeke fl agella that live in the guts of wood- M. C. Jong, Chris I. De Zeeuw, Evaluating Support for the 2062 eating termites; Pinus, a pine from the Yousin Suh, Paul Hasty, Jan H. J. Current Classifi cation of e220 Eastern Sierras in California; Elphidium, Hoeijmakers, Gijsbertus T. J. van Eukaryotic Diversity one of the foraminifera, the so-called der Horst, James R. Mitchell Laura Wegener Parfrey, “shelled amoebae” (see Parfrey et al., Erika Barbero, Elyse Lasser, e220). Global Mapping of Transposon 2026 Micah Dunthorn, Debashish Cover credit: layout and design by David Location e212 Bhattacharya, David J. Patterson, J. Patterson; all images by D. J. Patterson Abram Gabriel, Johannes Laura A. Katz except Deltotrichonympha, which was taken Dapprich, Mark Kunkel, David by Guy Brugerolle. Gresham, Stephen C. Pratt, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020226.g001 Maitreya J. Dunham Continued on next page PLoS Genetics | www.plosgenetics.org iii December 2006 | Volume 2 | Issue 12 Evaluating Support for the Current Classification of Eukaryotic Diversity Laura Wegener Parfrey1, Erika Barbero2, Elyse Lasser2, Micah Dunthorn1, Debashish Bhattacharya3,4, David J. Patterson5, Laura A. Katz1,2* 1 Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, 4 Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, 5 Bay Paul Center for Genomics, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America Perspectives on the classification of eukaryotic diversity have changed rapidly in recent years, as the four eukaryotic groups within the five-kingdom classification—plants, animals, fungi, and protists—have been transformed through numerous permutations into the current system of six ‘‘supergroups.’’ The intent of the supergroup classification system is to unite microbial and macroscopic eukaryotes based on phylogenetic inference. This supergroup approach is increasing in popularity in the literature and is appearing in introductory biology textbooks. We evaluate the stability and support for the current six-supergroup classification of eukaryotes based on molecular genealogies. We assess three aspects of each supergroup: (1) the stability of its taxonomy, (2) the support for monophyly (single evolutionary origin) in molecular analyses targeting a supergroup, and (3) the support for monophyly when a supergroup is included as an out-group in phylogenetic studies targeting other taxa. Our analysis demonstrates that supergroup taxonomies are unstable and that support for groups varies tremendously, indicating that the current classification scheme of eukaryotes is likely premature. We highlight several trends contributing to the instability and discuss the requirements for establishing robust clades within the eukaryotic tree of life. Citation: Parfrey LW, Barbero E, Lasser E, Dunthorn M, Bhattacharya D, et al. (2006) Evaluating support for the current classification of eukaryotic diversity. PLoS Genet 2(12): e220. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020220 Introduction erally been placed in one (Protista [2–4] or Protoctista [5]) or two (Protozoa and Chromista [6]) groups (Figure 1; but see Biological research is based on the shared history of living also [7,8]). However, this historic distinction between macro- things. Taxonomy—the science of classifying organismal scopic and microscopic eukaryotes does not adequately diversity—is the scaffold on which biological knowledge is capture their complex evolutionary relationships or the vast assembled and integrated into a cohesive structure. A diversity within the microbial world. comprehensive eukaryotic taxonomy is a powerful research In the past decade, the emphasis in high-level taxonomy has tool in evolutionary genetics, medicine, and many other shifted away from the historic kingdoms and toward a new fields. As the foundation of much subsequent research, the system of six supergroups that aims to portray evolutionary framework must, however, be robust. Here we test the relationships between microbial and macrobial lineages. The existing framework by evaluating the support for and stability supergroup concept is gaining popularity as evidenced by of the classification of eukaryotic diversity into six super- several reviews [9,10] and inclusion in forthcoming editions groups. of introductory biology textbooks. In addition, the Interna- Eukaryotes (organisms containing nuclei) encompass in- tional Society of Protozoologists recently proposed a formal credible morphological diversity from picoplankton of only reclassification of eukaryotes into six supergroups, though two microns in size to the blue whale and giant sequoia that acknowledging uncertainty in some groups [7]. are eight orders of magnitude larger. Many evolutionary innovations are found only in eukaryotes, some of which are The Supergroups present in all lineages (e.g., the cytoskeleton, nucleus) and Below we introduce the six supergroups in alphabetical others that are restricted to a few lineages (e.g., multi- order (Figure 2). The supergroup ‘‘Amoebozoa’’ was proposed cellularity, photosynthetic organelles [plastids]). These and in 1996 [11]. Original evidence for the group was drawn from other eukaryotic features evolved within microbial eukar- yotes (protists) that thrived for hundreds of millions of years Editor: David M. Hillis, University of Texas, United States of America before they gave rise independently to multicellular eukar- yotes, the familiar plants, animals, and fungi [1]. Thus, Received May 11, 2006; Accepted November 9, 2006; Published December 22, 2006 elucidating the origins of novel eukaryotic traits requires a A previous version of this article appeared as an Early Online Release on November comprehensive phylogeny—an inference of organismal rela- 13, 2006 (doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020220.eor). tionships—that includes the diverse microbial lineages. Copyright: Ó 2006 Parfrey et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Higher-level classifications have historically emphasized terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted the visible diversity of large eukaryotes, as reflected by the use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author establishment of the plant, animal, and fungal kingdoms. In and source are credited. these schemes the diverse microbial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Broadly Sampled Multigene Analyses Yield a Well-Resolved Eukaryotic Tree of Life
    Smith ScholarWorks Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 10-1-2010 Broadly Sampled Multigene Analyses Yield a Well-Resolved Eukaryotic Tree of Life Laura Wegener Parfrey University of Massachusetts Amherst Jessica Grant Smith College Yonas I. Tekle Smith College Erica Lasek-Nesselquist Marine Biological Laboratory Hilary G. Morrison Marine Biological Laboratory See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/bio_facpubs Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Grant, Jessica; Tekle, Yonas I.; Lasek-Nesselquist, Erica; Morrison, Hilary G.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Patterson, David J.; and Katz, Laura A., "Broadly Sampled Multigene Analyses Yield a Well-Resolved Eukaryotic Tree of Life" (2010). Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/bio_facpubs/126 This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected] Authors Laura Wegener Parfrey, Jessica Grant, Yonas I. Tekle, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Hilary G. Morrison, Mitchell L. Sogin, David J. Patterson, and Laura A. Katz This article is available at Smith ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/bio_facpubs/126 Syst. Biol. 59(5):518–533, 2010 c The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syq037 Advance Access publication on July 23, 2010 Broadly Sampled Multigene Analyses Yield a Well-Resolved Eukaryotic Tree of Life LAURA WEGENER PARFREY1,JESSICA GRANT2,YONAS I. TEKLE2,6,ERICA LASEK-NESSELQUIST3,4, 3 3 5 1,2, HILARY G.
    [Show full text]
  • New Horizons the Microbial Universe of the Global Ocean
    New Horizons The Microbial Universe of the Global Ocean BIGELOW LABORATORY FOR OCEAN SCIENCES 2012-13 ANNUAL REPORT BIGELOW LABORATORY FOR OCEAN SCIENCES • ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 1 “Without global ocean color satellite data, humanity loses its capacity to take Earth’s pulse and to explore its unseen world. The fragility of the living Earth and its oceans has been noted by astronaut Sally Ride, who speaks of the changes in land, oceans, and atmosphere systems as witnessed from space, and the challenge that a changing climate presents to our beloved Earth. It is our duty to provide a long-term surveillance system for the Earth, not only to understand and monitor the Earth’s changing climate, but to enable the next generations of students to make new discoveries in our ocean gardens, as well as explore similar features on other planets.” —Dr. Charles S. Yentsch Bigelow Laboratory Founder 1927–2012 2 NEW HORIZONS: THE MICROBIAL UNIVERSE OF THE GLOBAL OCEAN Welcoming the Future A Message from the Chairman of the Board igelow Laboratory has just finished an exceptional and transformative period, a time that has witnessed the accomplishment of an array of Bprojects that will take the organization to new levels of achievement. The most obvious of these has been the completion of the $32 million Bigelow Ocean Science and Education Campus in East Boothbay. Shortly following the dedication of the new facilities in December, all of Bigelow Laboratory’s management, scientists, and staff were on board and operational on the new site, enabling a higher level of scientific and operational efficiency and effectiveness than ever before.
    [Show full text]
  • Multigene Eukaryote Phylogeny Reveals the Likely Protozoan Ancestors of Opis- Thokonts (Animals, Fungi, Choanozoans) and Amoebozoa
    Accepted Manuscript Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opis- thokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Ema E. Chao, Elizabeth A. Snell, Cédric Berney, Anna Maria Fiore-Donno, Rhodri Lewis PII: S1055-7903(14)00279-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012 Reference: YMPEV 4996 To appear in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Received Date: 24 January 2014 Revised Date: 2 August 2014 Accepted Date: 11 August 2014 Please cite this article as: Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E.E., Snell, E.A., Berney, C., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Lewis, R., Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2014), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ympev.2014.08.012 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 1 Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts 2 (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa 3 4 Thomas Cavalier-Smith1, Ema E. Chao1, Elizabeth A. Snell1, Cédric Berney1,2, Anna Maria 5 Fiore-Donno1,3, and Rhodri Lewis1 6 7 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Management Hierarchy (Classification) for the Catalogue of Life
    TOWARDS A MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY (CLASSIFICATION) FOR THE CATALOGUE OF LIFE Draft Discussion Document Rationale The Catalogue of Life partnership, comprising Species 2000 and ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), has the goal of achieving a comprehensive catalogue of all known species on Earth by the year 2011. The actual number of described species (after correction for synonyms) is not presently known but estimates suggest about 1.8 million species. The collaborative teams behind the Catalogue of Life need an agreed standard classification for these 1.8 million species, i.e. a working hierarchy for management purposes. This discussion document is intended to highlight some of the issues that need clarifying in order to achieve this goal beyond what we presently have. Concerning Classification Life’s diversity is classified into a hierarchy of categories. The best-known of these is the Kingdom. When Carl Linnaeus introduced his new “system of nature” in the 1750s ― Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species …) ― he recognised three kingdoms, viz Plantae, Animalia, and a third kingdom for minerals that has long since been abandoned. As is evident from the title of his work, he introduced lower-level taxonomic categories, each successively nested in the other, named Class, Order, Genus, and Species. The most useful and innovative aspect of his system (which gave rise to the scientific discipline of Systematics) was the use of the binominal, comprising genus and species, that uniquely identified each species of organism. Linnaeus’s system has proven to be robust for some 250 years. The starting point for botanical names is his Species Plantarum, published in 1753, and that for zoological names is the tenth edition of the Systema Naturae published in 1758.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Classification of Naked Lobose Amoebae (Amoebozoa
    Protist, Vol. 162, 545–570, October 2011 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date 28 July 2011 PROTIST NEWS A Revised Classification of Naked Lobose Amoebae (Amoebozoa: Lobosa) Introduction together constitute the amoebozoan subphy- lum Lobosa, which never have cilia or flagella, Molecular evidence and an associated reevaluation whereas Variosea (as here revised) together with of morphology have recently considerably revised Mycetozoa and Archamoebea are now grouped our views on relationships among the higher-level as the subphylum Conosa, whose constituent groups of amoebae. First of all, establishing the lineages either have cilia or flagella or have lost phylum Amoebozoa grouped all lobose amoe- them secondarily (Cavalier-Smith 1998, 2009). boid protists, whether naked or testate, aerobic Figure 1 is a schematic tree showing amoebozoan or anaerobic, with the Mycetozoa and Archamoe- relationships deduced from both morphology and bea (Cavalier-Smith 1998), and separated them DNA sequences. from both the heterolobosean amoebae (Page and The first attempt to construct a congruent molec- Blanton 1985), now belonging in the phylum Per- ular and morphological system of Amoebozoa by colozoa - Cavalier-Smith and Nikolaev (2008), and Cavalier-Smith et al. (2004) was limited by the the filose amoebae that belong in other phyla lack of molecular data for many amoeboid taxa, (notably Cercozoa: Bass et al. 2009a; Howe et al. which were therefore classified solely on morpho- 2011). logical evidence. Smirnov et al. (2005) suggested The phylum Amoebozoa consists of naked and another system for naked lobose amoebae only; testate lobose amoebae (e.g. Amoeba, Vannella, this left taxa with no molecular data incertae sedis, Hartmannella, Acanthamoeba, Arcella, Difflugia), which limited its utility.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Mucorales</I>
    Persoonia 30, 2013: 57–76 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158513X666259 The family structure of the Mucorales: a synoptic revision based on comprehensive multigene-genealogies K. Hoffmann1,2, J. Pawłowska3, G. Walther1,2,4, M. Wrzosek3, G.S. de Hoog4, G.L. Benny5*, P.M. Kirk6*, K. Voigt1,2* Key words Abstract The Mucorales (Mucoromycotina) are one of the most ancient groups of fungi comprising ubiquitous, mostly saprotrophic organisms. The first comprehensive molecular studies 11 yr ago revealed the traditional Mucorales classification scheme, mainly based on morphology, as highly artificial. Since then only single clades have been families investigated in detail but a robust classification of the higher levels based on DNA data has not been published phylogeny yet. Therefore we provide a classification based on a phylogenetic analysis of four molecular markers including the large and the small subunit of the ribosomal DNA, the partial actin gene and the partial gene for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha. The dataset comprises 201 isolates in 103 species and represents about one half of the currently accepted species in this order. Previous family concepts are reviewed and the family structure inferred from the multilocus phylogeny is introduced and discussed. Main differences between the current classification and preceding concepts affects the existing families Lichtheimiaceae and Cunninghamellaceae, as well as the genera Backusella and Lentamyces which recently obtained the status of families along with the Rhizopodaceae comprising Rhizopus, Sporodiniella and Syzygites. Compensatory base change analyses in the Lichtheimiaceae confirmed the lower level classification of Lichtheimia and Rhizomucor while genera such as Circinella or Syncephalastrum completely lacked compensatory base changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Protist Phylogeny and the High-Level Classification of Protozoa
    Europ. J. Protistol. 39, 338–348 (2003) © Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/ejp Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa Thomas Cavalier-Smith Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK; E-mail: [email protected] Received 1 September 2003; 29 September 2003. Accepted: 29 September 2003 Protist large-scale phylogeny is briefly reviewed and a revised higher classification of the kingdom Pro- tozoa into 11 phyla presented. Complementary gene fusions reveal a fundamental bifurcation among eu- karyotes between two major clades: the ancestrally uniciliate (often unicentriolar) unikonts and the an- cestrally biciliate bikonts, which undergo ciliary transformation by converting a younger anterior cilium into a dissimilar older posterior cilium. Unikonts comprise the ancestrally unikont protozoan phylum Amoebozoa and the opisthokonts (kingdom Animalia, phylum Choanozoa, their sisters or ancestors; and kingdom Fungi). They share a derived triple-gene fusion, absent from bikonts. Bikonts contrastingly share a derived gene fusion between dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase and include plants and all other protists, comprising the protozoan infrakingdoms Rhizaria [phyla Cercozoa and Re- taria (Radiozoa, Foraminifera)] and Excavata (phyla Loukozoa, Metamonada, Euglenozoa, Percolozoa), plus the kingdom Plantae [Viridaeplantae, Rhodophyta (sisters); Glaucophyta], the chromalveolate clade, and the protozoan phylum Apusozoa (Thecomonadea, Diphylleida). Chromalveolates comprise kingdom Chromista (Cryptista, Heterokonta, Haptophyta) and the protozoan infrakingdom Alveolata [phyla Cilio- phora and Miozoa (= Protalveolata, Dinozoa, Apicomplexa)], which diverged from a common ancestor that enslaved a red alga and evolved novel plastid protein-targeting machinery via the host rough ER and the enslaved algal plasma membrane (periplastid membrane).
    [Show full text]
  • Protistology Molecular Phylogeny of Aphelidium Arduennense Sp. Nov
    Protistology 13 (4), 192–198 (2019) Protistology Molecular phylogeny of Aphelidium arduennense sp. nov. – new representative of Aphelida (Opis- thosporidia) Victoria S. Tcvetkova1, Natalia A. Zorina1, Maria A. Mamkaeva1 and Sergey A. Karpov1,2 1 St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia 2 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia | Submitted November 14, 2019 | Accepted December 2, 2019 | Summary Aphelids (Aphelida) are poorly known parasitoids of algae that have raised considerable interest because of their phylogenetic position as phagotrophic protists sister to Fungi. Together with Rozellida and Microsporidia they have been classified in the Opisthosporidia but seem to be more closely related to the Fungi rather than to the Cryptomycota and Microsporidia, the other members of the Opisthosporidia. Molecular environmental studies have revealed high genetic diversity within the aphelids, but only four genera have been described: Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, Paraphelidium and Pseudaphelidium. Here, we describe the life cycle of a new species of Aphelidium, Aph. arduennense. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of its 18S rRNA indicates that Aph. arduennense is sister to Aph. tribonematis, and together with Aph. melosirae they form a monophyletic cluster. Within the aphelids, this cluster is distantly related to Paraphelidium and Amoeboaphelidium. Key words: aphelids, Holomycota, Opisthosporidia, Rozellosporidia, taxonomy Introduction Rozellosporidia (Cryptomycota) formed the super- phylum Opisthosporidia, the deepest branch Aphelids are a divergent group of intracellular of the Holomycota lineage, separated from the parasitoids of green, yellow-green and diatom algae Fungi (Karpov et al., 2014a; Letcher et al., 2015; (Gromov, 2000; Karpov et al., 2014a). The four 2017; Torruella et al., 2015). Several biological known genera have different ecological preferences: peculiarities of the aphelids do not conform the Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium and Paraphelidium classical definition of the Fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Identification and Evolution of Protozoa Belonging to the Parabasalia Group and the Genus Blastocystis
    UNIVERSITAR DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE BIOMOLECOLARI E BIOTECNOLOGICHE (Intenational PhD School in Biomolecular and Biotechnological Sciences) Indirizzo: Microbiologia molecolare e clinica Molecular identification and evolution of protozoa belonging to the Parabasalia group and the genus Blastocystis Direttore della scuola: Prof. Masala Bruno Relatore: Prof. Pier Luigi Fiori Correlatore: Dott. Eric Viscogliosi Tesi di Dottorato : Dionigia Meloni XXIV CICLO Nome e cognome: Dionigia Meloni Titolo della tesi : Molecular identification and evolution of protozoa belonging to the Parabasalia group and the genus Blastocystis Tesi di dottorato in scienze Biomolecolari e biotecnologiche. Indirizzo: Microbiologia molecolare e clinica Universit degli studi di Sassari UNIVERSITAR DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE BIOMOLECOLARI E BIOTECNOLOGICHE (Intenational PhD School in Biomolecular and Biotechnological Sciences) Indirizzo: Microbiologia molecolare e clinica Molecular identification and evolution of protozoa belonging to the Parabasalia group and the genus Blastocystis Direttore della scuola: Prof. Masala Bruno Relatore: Prof. Pier Luigi Fiori Correlatore: Dott. Eric Viscogliosi Tesi di Dottorato : Dionigia Meloni XXIV CICLO Nome e cognome: Dionigia Meloni Titolo della tesi : Molecular identification and evolution of protozoa belonging to the Parabasalia group and the genus Blastocystis Tesi di dottorato in scienze Biomolecolari e biotecnologiche. Indirizzo: Microbiologia molecolare e clinica Universit degli studi di Sassari Abstract My thesis was conducted on the study of two groups of protozoa: the Parabasalia and Blastocystis . The first part of my work was focused on the identification, pathogenicity, and phylogeny of parabasalids. We showed that Pentatrichomonas hominis is a possible zoonotic species with a significant potential of transmission by the waterborne route and could be the aetiological agent of gastrointestinal troubles in children.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231610049 The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes Article in Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · September 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 961 2,825 25 authors, including: Sina M Adl Alastair Simpson University of Saskatchewan Dalhousie University 118 PUBLICATIONS 8,522 CITATIONS 264 PUBLICATIONS 10,739 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Christopher E Lane David Bass University of Rhode Island Natural History Museum, London 82 PUBLICATIONS 6,233 CITATIONS 464 PUBLICATIONS 7,765 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity and ecology of soil taste amoeba View project Predator control of diversity View project All content following this page was uploaded by Smirnov Alexey on 25 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Journal of Published by the International Society of Eukaryotic Microbiology Protistologists J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59(5), 2012 pp. 429–493 © 2012 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2012 International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes SINA M. ADL,a,b ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON,b CHRISTOPHER E. LANE,c JULIUS LUKESˇ,d DAVID BASS,e SAMUEL S. BOWSER,f MATTHEW W. BROWN,g FABIEN BURKI,h MICAH DUNTHORN,i VLADIMIR HAMPL,j AARON HEISS,b MONA HOPPENRATH,k ENRIQUE LARA,l LINE LE GALL,m DENIS H. LYNN,n,1 HILARY MCMANUS,o EDWARD A. D.
    [Show full text]
  • Group of Microorganisms at the Animal-Fungal Boundary
    16 Aug 2002 13:56 AR AR168-MI56-14.tex AR168-MI56-14.SGM LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: GJC 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2002. 56:315–44 doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 First published online as a Review in Advance on May 7, 2002 THE CLASS MESOMYCETOZOEA: A Heterogeneous Group of Microorganisms at the Animal-Fungal Boundary Leonel Mendoza,1 John W. Taylor,2 and Libero Ajello3 1Medical Technology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan, 48824-1030; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102; e-mail: [email protected] 3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta Georgia 30333; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words Protista, Protozoa, Neomonada, DRIP, Ichthyosporea ■ Abstract When the enigmatic fish pathogen, the rosette agent, was first found to be closely related to the choanoflagellates, no one anticipated finding a new group of organisms. Subsequently, a new group of microorganisms at the boundary between an- imals and fungi was reported. Several microbes with similar phylogenetic backgrounds were soon added to the group. Interestingly, these microbes had been considered to be fungi or protists. This novel phylogenetic group has been referred to as the DRIP clade (an acronym of the original members: Dermocystidium, rosette agent, Ichthyophonus, and Psorospermium), as the class Ichthyosporea, and more recently as the class Mesomycetozoea. Two orders have been described in the mesomycetozoeans: the Der- mocystida and the Ichthyophonida. So far, all members in the order Dermocystida have been pathogens either of fish (Dermocystidium spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichonympha Cf
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF TRICHONYMPHA CF. COLLARIS AND A PUTATIVE PYRSONYMPHID: THE RELEVANCE TO THE ORIGIN OF SEX by JOEL BRYAN DACKS B.Sc. The University of Alberta, 1995 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER'S OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 1998 © Joel Bryan Dacks, 1998 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of ~2—oc)^Oa^ The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date {X^ZY Z- V. /^P DE-6 (2/88) Abstract Why sex evolved is one of the central questions in evolutionary genetics. To address this question I have undertaken a molecular phylogenetic study of two candidate lineages to determine the first sexual line. In my thesis the hypermastigotes are confirmed as closely related to the trichomonads in the phylum Parabasalia and found to be more deeply divergent than a putative pyrsonymphid. This means that the Parabasalia are the first sexual lineage. From this I go on to infer that the ancestral sexual cycle included facultative sex.
    [Show full text]