DOCSLIB.ORG

A Look at Jitney Service Provision in Accra, Ghana A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Look at Jitney Service Provision in Accra, Ghana A UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Owner-Drivers in the Tro-Tro Industry: A Look at Jitney Service Provision in Accra, Ghana A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Planning by Dontraneil Donte Clayborne 2012 © Copyright by Dontraneil Donte Clayborne 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Owner-Drivers in the Tro-Tro Industry: A Look at Jitney Service Provision in Accra, Ghana By Dontraneil Donte Clayborne Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Planning University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Lois Takahashi, Chair This study focuses on the motivations of owner-drivers who participate in the tro- tro industry. Using in-depth interviews, I analyze who drives and owns tro-tros in Accra, Ghana, and why. Owner-drivers were asked to discuss why they participate in the tro-tro industry by offering mass transport services, their attitudes about it, the competition from other transportation options, and why they chose to operate their business where they do. This research examines policy debates about local vehicle travel, privatized transit, informal transit, and informal employment. This study contributes to understanding about the diversity of owner-drivers and how this small, locally-controlled informal private mass transport service (tro-tro) industry is regulated by local and central government agencies in Accra. This research project clarifies the range of entrepreneurial involvement in the supply of tro-tros in Accra by focusing on routes, fares, and vehicle types. The goal of the project is to clarify who operates tro-tro businesses, and the barriers to entry that they face. The results inform policymakers and researchers about the reasons why this informal service industry continues to thrive in Accra, and highlights the conflicts between tro-tro civil society organizations and government agencies over the proposal to expand public sector rapid bus transit systems. ii The dissertation of Dontraneil Donte Clayborne is approved. ___________________________________ Randall Crane ___________________________________ Edmond J. Keller ___________________________________ Vinit Mukhija ___________________________________ Lois M. Takahashi, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2012 iii For Rosslynn, Lester, Ethel, Autry, Vera, Billie, Traveon, Leon, numerous others and our ancestors all of whom are perpetual inspirations. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Informal Private Mass Transport (Tro-tros) in Accra, Ghana 1 1.2. Public Mass Transport Industry in Africa: Why are Tro-tros Important to Study? 3 1.3. Motivation for Study and Research Questions 5 1.4. Description of Dissertation Chapters 7 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL 9 2.1. Introduction 9 2.2. Colonialism’s Impact on Development 10 2.2.1 Systematic Nature of the European Colonial (Cultural) Project 10 2.2.2 Colonies Developed To Benefit Colonizers (Metropoles) 16 2.2.3 Legacy of Despotism 20 2.2.4 Colonial ‘Mindstate’ as Motivation and Justification for Imperialism 22 2.2.5 Colonial Economy Has a Long-Term Developmental Impact 26 2.3. Post-Colonial Development 28 2.3.1 Problematic of Post-Colonialism 30 2.3.2 Liberation Theorists of the Developing World 33 2.3.3 Post-Colonialism and Globalization: Positive and Negative Outcomes and Potentials 35 2.4. Informal Transportation in the Developing World 37 2.4.1 Informality and Development 38 2.4.2 Private and Informal Transport in Developing Nations 49 v 2.5. Regulation of Informal Transport in the Developing World 54 2.6. Gaps in the Literature Addressed by this Study 57 2.7. The Case of Accra, Ghana, Informal Mass Transportation, and Regulation 59 3. COLONIALIST AND POST-COLONIALIST GOVERNANCE IN GHANA 68 3.1. Introduction 68 3.2. Pre-Colonial Governance of Road Transport 70 3.3. Colonialist Governance: Railways First (early 1900s-1930s) 78 3.4. Indigenous Participation, Political Change and Its Impact on Transport Provision 91 3.5. Colonialist Governance during Decolonization 93 3.6. Post-colonial Transportation Governance in Ghana 96 3.7. 1970s 104 3.8. 1980s 107 3.9. 1990s 110 4. DRIVERS AS TRANSPORTATION ENTREPRENEURS: TRO-TRO OWNER-DRIVERS IN ACCRA, GHANA 113 4.1. Introduction 113 4.2. Data and Methods 118 4.2a. Sampling Frame and Design 118 4.2b. Semi-Structured Interview Guide and Pilot Testing 126 4.2c. Translation, Field Challenges, and Informed Consent 127 4.3 Demographics 129 vi 4.4 Entry into Tro-tro Industry 132 4.5. Opportunity and Conditions (Structure of the Industry) 135 4.6. Operations and Competition for Ridership 143 4.7. Market Barriers and Regulation 150 4.8. Summary of Results 154 5. GOVERNMENT RE-ENTERS MUNICIPAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 157 5.1. Introduction 157 5.2. Data and Methods 160 5.3. Government Re-Entry into Municipal Public Transportation 162 5.4. Proposed ‘Superbus System’: (Bus Rapid Transit) 169 5.5. Transportation Re-Regulation 170 5.6. Recent Public Mass Transport Problems: Ghana Private Roads Transport Union’s Resistance to Regulation 176 5.6.1. Stakeholder Conflict: Physical Altercation between GPRTU and GRTCC 178 5.7. Summary of Results 182 6. CONCLUSION 184 6.1. Summary of Major Findings 184 6.2. Implications of Findings for Policy 186 6.3. Future Research 188 Bibliography 191 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Traditional Transport Perceptions 62 Figure 2.2: Descriptive Catalog of Informal Transport Service Measures: Dependent variables 63 Figure 2.3: Descriptive Catalog of Informal Transport Service Measure: Independent variables 64 Figure 2.4: Key Supply Measures of the Tro-tro Industry 67 Figure 3.1: Centralization of Governance by the Government of Ghana 106 Figure 4.1: Industry Stakeholders in the Tro-tro Industry 117 Figure 4.2: Location of the four selected tro-tro stations in the Greater Accra metropolitan 120 Figure 4.3: Accra (Tema) Station 121 Figure 4.4: Kaneshie Station 122 Figure 4.5: Madina Station 123 Figure 4.6: Madina Station (south) 124 Figure 4.7: 37-Military Hospital Station 125 Figure 5.1: Transportation Governance Chronology (1969-1980s) 163 Figure 5.2: Transportation Governance Chronology (1990s-2000s) 164 Figure 5.3: Ministry of Roads and Highways Organization Chart 167 Figure 5.4: Ministry of Transportation Organization Chart 168 viii LIST OF ACRONYMS AFRC Armed Forces Revolutionary Council AMA Accra Metropolitan Authority ATMA Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area BRT Bus Rapid Transit CPP Convention People’s Party DUR Department of Urban Roads ECOWAS The Economic Community of West Africa States ERP Economic Recovery Programme GPRTU Ghana Private Roads Transport Union (established 1938) GoG Government of Ghana GRTCC Ghana Roads Transport Coordinating Committee IDS Institute of Development Studies ILO International Labour Organization LA Licensing Authority MDG Millennium Development Goals MMDA Metropolitan/Municipal/District assemblies MMT Metro Mass Transport Company MoT Ministry of Transportation MRH Ministry of Roads and Highways MR&T Ministry of Roads and Transport MRT Ministry of Road Transport MTC Ministry of Transport and Communications NDC National Democratic Congress NLC National Liberation Council NPP New Patriotic Party NRC National Redemption Council OS Omnibus Services OSA Omnibus Services Authority PNDC Provisional National Defence Council PNP People’s National Party PP Progress Party PROTOA Progressive Transport Owners Association SAP Structural Adjustment Program (World Bank) SMC Supreme Military Council STA State Transportation Authority TRP I First Transport Rehabilitation Project TRP II Second Transport Rehabilitation Project TUC Trade Union Congress UNDP United Nations Development Program ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Lois Takahashi, for the patient guidance and mentorship she provided to me, all the way from when I took a course with her during Year 2, through to completion of this degree. Dr. Takahashi’s intellectual range is matched only by her good nature and humility, and I am truly fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with her. I would also like to thank my committee members, Drs. Randall Crane, Edmond Keller and Vinit Mukhija for the friendly guidance, thought-provoking suggestions, and support each of them offered to me over the years. In a similar vein, I’d like to recognize Drs. Abel Valenzuela, Stephen Commins, Edward Soja, Michael Storper and Michael Stoll for the contributions that each of them made to my intellectual growth during my years of study at the University of California, Los Angeles. Next I would like to thank the following institutions that provided important financial support at different points in this process: UCLA Eugene Cota-Robles Fellowship, West African Research Association Fellowship, UCLA Urban Planning Department, UCLA Center for Policy Studies, UCLA Graduate Division, and the Urban Institute. Finally, I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the sacrifices made by my family in supporting me during critical periods while I pursued this final degree. x VITA EDUCATION: M.A. in History, Department of History, Howard University, 1998 Thesis: Ethnicity and Governance in Nigeria: A Zikist Perspective Committee members: Jeanne Maddox-Toungara (Chair), Aziz Batran, Joseph Harris B.A. in Third World Studies and History (Double major), UC San Diego, 1995 Exchange student, University of Ghana, Legon, 1993-94 Concentrations: African geography and history, Ghanaian politics, U.N. and ECOWAS FELLOWSHIPS/AWARDS: Dissertation Year Fellowship
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Page LIST OF ACRONYMS a EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope of Study 1 1.2 Background – Volta River Authority 2 1.3 Proposed Aboadze-Volta Transmission Line Project (AVTP) 3 1.4 Legal, Regulatory and Policy Considerations 5 1.5 Future developments by VRA 8 2.0 Description of proposed development 10 2.1 Pre-Construction Activities 11 2.2 Construction Phase Activities 12 2.3 Operational Phase Activities 17 2.3.1 Other Operational Considerations 20 3.0 Description of Existing Environments 21 3.1 Bio-Physical Environment 21 3.1.1 Climate 21 3.1.2 Flora 25 3.1.3 Fauna 35 3.1.4 Water Resources 43 3.1.5 Geology and Soils 44 3.1.6 General Land Use 51 3.2 Socio-Economic/Cultural Environment 51 3.2.1 Methodology 53 3.2.2 Profiles of the Districts in the Project Area 54 3.2.2(a) Shama - Ahanta East Metropolitan Area 54 3.2.2(b) Komenda - Edina - Eguafo - Abirem (KEEA) District 58 i 3.2.2(c) Mfantseman District 61 3.2.2(d) Awutu-Effutu-Senya District 63 3.2.2(e) Tema Municipal Area 65 3.2.2(f) Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese 68 3.2.2(g) Ga District 71 3.2.2(h) Gomoa District 74 3.3 Results of Socio-Economic Surveys 77 (Communities, Persons and Property) 3.3.1 Information on Affected Persons and Properties 78 3.3.1.1 Age Distribution of Affected Persons 78 3.3.1.2 Gender Distribution of Affected Persons 79 3.3.1.3 Marital Status of Affected Persons 80 3.3.1.4 Ethnic Composition of Afected Persons 81 3.3.1.5 Household Size/Dependents of Affected Persons 81 3.3.1.6 Religious backgrounds of Affected Persons 82 3.3.2 Economic Indicators
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Gazette
    GHANA GAZETTE Published by Authority CONTENTS PAGE Facility with Long Term Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 1236 Facility with Provisional Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 201 Page | 1 HEALTH FACILITIES WITH LONG TERM LICENCE AS AT 12/01/2021 (ACCORDING TO THE HEALTH INSTITUTIONS AND FACILITIES ACT 829, 2011) TYPE OF PRACTITIONER DATE OF DATE NO NAME OF FACILITY TYPE OF FACILITY LICENCE REGION TOWN DISTRICT IN-CHARGE ISSUE EXPIRY DR. THOMAS PRIMUS 1 A1 HOSPITAL PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI KUMASI KUMASI METROPOLITAN KPADENOU 19 June 2019 18 June 2022 PROF. JOSEPH WOAHEN 2 ACADEMY CLINIC LIMITED CLINIC LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE MAMPONG KUMASI METROPOLITAN ACHEAMPONG 05 October 2018 04 October 2021 MADAM PAULINA 3 ADAB SAB MATERNITY HOME MATERNITY HOME LONG TERM ASHANTI BOHYEN KUMASI METRO NTOW SAKYIBEA 04 April 2018 03 April 2021 DR. BEN BLAY OFOSU- 4 ADIEBEBA HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG-TERM ASHANTI ADIEBEBA KUMASI METROPOLITAN BARKO 07 August 2019 06 August 2022 5 ADOM MMROSO MATERNITY HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI BROFOYEDU-KENYASI KWABRE MR. FELIX ATANGA 23 August 2018 22 August 2021 DR. EMMANUEL 6 AFARI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI AFARI ATWIMA NWABIAGYA MENSAH OSEI 04 January 2019 03 January 2022 AFRICAN DIASPORA CLINIC & MATERNITY MADAM PATRICIA 7 HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI ABIREM NEWTOWN KWABRE DISTRICT IJEOMA OGU 08 March 2019 07 March 2022 DR. JAMES K. BARNIE- 8 AGA HEALTH FOUNDATION PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI OBUASI OBUASI MUNICIPAL ASENSO 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 DR. JOSEPH YAW 9 AGAPE MEDICAL CENTRE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI EJISU EJISU JUABEN MUNICIPAL MANU 15 March 2019 14 March 2022 10 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION -ASOKORE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE KUMASI METROPOLITAN 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION HOSPITAL- DR.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Region Eastern Region
    Public Disclosure Authorized GHANA WATER COMPANY LIMITED (Urban Water Project) Assessment of Resettlement Related Issues on the SYIP in Area 2 Public Disclosure Authorized ASHANTI REGION WESTERN REGION EASTERN REGION PHASE 2 Public Disclosure Authorized (WESTERN REGION) RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN REVISED Public Disclosure Authorized SAL Consult Limited, P O Box GP20200, Accra August 2011 SAL Consult Ltd GWCL/PMU TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................ III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... IV 1.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND IMPACTS .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN REGION PROJECT AND IMPACTS ............................................................. 5 2.1 PROJECT COMPONENTS AND BENEFICIARY TOWNS .................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Axim ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rachel Bauermeister Norwell High School Ossian, IN, USA Ghana, Water Scarcity “Sack Solution” That Saves Ghana Humans Do
    Rachel Bauermeister Norwell High School Ossian, IN, USA Ghana, Water Scarcity “Sack Solution” that Saves Ghana Humans do not have the ability to survive without water for prolonged periods of time. Humans need water for almost every bodily process, which is why they can only survive a short time without it. Similarly, countries need water to fulfill their daily needs, such as for irrigation in agriculture. Access to water is the lifeblood of every country. Without access to water in Northern Ghana, the daily tasks they need carry out to survive are limited during the dry seasons. Ghana spans across 238,533 square kilometers of Western Africa. To put this size into a better perspective, Ghana is about the size of Texas. In this vast area lives 28,102,471 people, of which 56.7% live in urban areas, and 43.3% in rural areas. The geography of Ghana is mostly made up of low plains with plateaus in the south-central area. Ghana is most known for being home to the world’s largest artificial lake (“Ghana”). The problems encountered by any nation often cannot be resolved without assistance from the government. The government plays a key role in any project, but also has its own limitations. Both parties’ election platforms have focused on private-sector-driven growth, which will hopefully lead to finding a solution for this water scarcity issue (“Ghana: Current Issues and U.S. Relations in Brief”). Since the food supply is an important matter to ordinary citizens, they can also play a role in supporting their government.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Poverty Mapping Report
    ii Copyright © 2015 Ghana Statistical Service iii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Ghana Statistical Service wishes to acknowledge the contribution of the Government of Ghana, the UK Department for International Development (UK-DFID) and the World Bank through the provision of both technical and financial support towards the successful implementation of the Poverty Mapping Project using the Small Area Estimation Method. The Service also acknowledges the invaluable contributions of Dhiraj Sharma, Vasco Molini and Nobuo Yoshida (all consultants from the World Bank), Baah Wadieh, Anthony Amuzu, Sylvester Gyamfi, Abena Osei-Akoto, Jacqueline Anum, Samilia Mintah, Yaw Misefa, Appiah Kusi-Boateng, Anthony Krakah, Rosalind Quartey, Francis Bright Mensah, Omar Seidu, Ernest Enyan, Augusta Okantey and Hanna Frempong Konadu, all of the Statistical Service who worked tirelessly with the consultants to produce this report under the overall guidance and supervision of Dr. Philomena Nyarko, the Government Statistician. Dr. Philomena Nyarko Government Statistician iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of the Gold Deposits of Prestea Gold Belt of Ghana*
    The Geology of the Gold Deposits of Prestea Gold Belt of Ghana* K. Dzigbodi-Adjimah and D. Nana Asamoah Dzigbodi-Adjimah, K. and Nana Asamoah, D., (2009), “The Geology of the Gold Deposits of Prestea Gold Belt of Ghana”, Ghana Mining Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 7 - 18. Abstract This paper presents the geology of the gold deposits along the Prestea gold belt of Ghana to assist exploration work for new orebodies along the belt. Prestea district is the third largest gold producer in West Africa after Obuasi and Tarkwa districts (over 250 metric tonnes Au during the last century). The gold deposits are structurally controlled and occur in a deep-seated fault or fissure zone that is regarded as the ore channel. This structure, which lies at the contact between metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks in Birimian rocks, is more open (and contains more quartz lodes) at the southern end around Prestea than at Bogoso to the north. The gold deposits consist of the Quartz Vein Type, (QVT) and the Dis- seminated Sulphide Type (DST). The QVT orebodies, which generally carry higher Au grades, lie within a graphitic gouge in the fissure zones whilst the DST is found mostly in sheared or crushed rocks near the fissure zones. Deposits were grouped into three in terms of geographic location and state of development; The deposits south of Prestea are the least developed but have been extensively explored by Takoradi Gold Company. Those at Prestea have been worked exclusively as underground mines on QVT orebodies by Prestea Goldfields Limited and its forerunners; Ariston and Ghana Main Reef companies until 1998 whilst the deposits north of Prestea, which were first worked as surface mines (on DST orebodies) by Marlu Mines up to 1952, were revived by Billiton Bogoso Gold in 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • PRESTEA HUNI VALLEY MUNICIPAL SUB- PROGRAMME 1.2 Finance and Revenue Mobilization
    Table of Contents PART A: STRATEGIC OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................. 6 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DISTRICT .............................................................................................. 6 2. VISION ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 3. MISSION ................................................................................................................................................... 7 4. GOALS ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 5. CORE FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 7 6. DISTRICT ECONOMY ........................................................................................................................... 8 a. AGRICULTURE ...................................................................................................................................... 8 b. MARKET CENTER ................................................................................................................................. 8 REPUBLIC OF GHANA e. HEALTH ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Source: Municipal
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report on Resources and Reserves, Golden Star Resources, Bogoso/Prestea Gold Mine, Ghana
    NI 43-101 Technical Report on Resources and Reserves, Golden Star Resources, Bogoso/Prestea Gold Mine, Ghana Effective Date: December 31, 2017 Golden Star Resources Ltd. 150 King Street West Suite 1200 Toronto ON, M5H 1J9, Canada Qualified Persons Martin Raffield, P.Eng Mitch Wasel, MAusIMM (CP) March 2018 NI 43-101 Technical Report on Resources and Reserves, Golden Star Resources, Bogoso/Prestea Gold Mine Page ii Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Property Description and Ownership ...................................................................................1 1.3 Geology and Mineralization ................................................................................................2 1.4 Exploration Status ................................................................................................................2 1.5 Mineral Resources ...............................................................................................................2 1.6 Mineral Reserves .................................................................................................................3 1.7 Mining Method ....................................................................................................................4 1.8 Recovery Methods ...............................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE COMPOSITE BUDGET Of the KUMASI METROPOLITAN ASSEMBLY for the 2014 FISCAL YEAR Table of Contents SECTION 1: COMPOSITE BUDGET 2014 - NARRATIVE STATEMENT……4 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………...4 Goal, Mission and Vision……………………………………………………..…………………………….4 BACKGROUND……………………………………………………………………………………………........4 Location……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 DEMOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Sex Structure………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 Population Density…………………………………………………………..…………………….………….5 Household Sizes/Characteristics…………………………………………………………….………….5 Rural Urban Split……………………………………………………………………………………………….5 THE LOCAL ECONOMY……………………………………………………………………………………...5 Service Sector…………………………………………………………………………………………………...5 Industrial Sector……………………………………………………………………………………….……….6 Agricultural Sector……………………………………………………………………………….……………6 Economic Infrastructure……………………………………………………………………………………7 Marketing Facilities……………………………………………………………….………………………...7 Energy……………………………………………………………………….……………………….………….…7 Telecommunication Services……………………………………….……………………………………7 Transportation…………………………………….……………………………………………………………7 Tourism………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…8 Hospitality Industry………………………………………………………………………………………….8 Health Care…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…8 Education………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9 Health……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..9 Structure Of The Assembly…………………….……………………,………………………………….10 Assumptions Underlining The Budget Formulation………………………………………….24
    [Show full text]
  • "National Integration and the Vicissitudes of State Power in Ghana: the Political Incorporation of Likpe, a Border Community, 1945-19B6"
    "National Integration and the Vicissitudes of State Power in Ghana: The Political Incorporation of Likpe, a Border Community, 1945-19B6", By Paul Christopher Nugent A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. October 1991 ProQuest Number: 10672604 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672604 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract This is a study of the processes through which the former Togoland Trust Territory has come to constitute an integral part of modern Ghana. As the section of the country that was most recently appended, the territory has often seemed the most likely candidate for the eruption of separatist tendencies. The comparative weakness of such tendencies, in spite of economic crisis and governmental failure, deserves closer examination. This study adopts an approach which is local in focus (the area being Likpe), but one which endeavours at every stage to link the analysis to unfolding processes at the Regional and national levels.
    [Show full text]
  • A COMMUNITY PARK for the TOWN of AKYEM ODA, GHANA By
    THE THREE AKYEM: A COMMUNITY PARK FOR THE TOWN OF AKYEM ODA, GHANA by ALEXANDER NAGEL (Under the Direction of Pratt Cassity) ABSTRACT This thesis presents a program and design for a new community park for Akyem Oda, a small town in the rain forest region of Ghana. The town was visited two times in 2004 and 2005 as part of the ongoing yearly Summer Service-Learning Studio during which time a site inventory was performed. Background research for the program development included geography and history of Ghana with a special focus on the Asante kingdom, traditional building techniques, land planning and an exploration of Akyem history in relationship to the dominant kingdom of Asante. A photo documentation of the main features of Akyem Oda and their spatial relationships to each other completes the research part of this thesis. The program for the proposed ‘Three Akyem Community Park’ integrates a Parade Ground, a Cultural Center and three Groves representing each of the three Akyem people on the 8.9 acres rectilinear site. INDEX WORDS: Africa, Akyem Oda, Architecture, Asante, Cultural Center, Community Park, Courtyard House, Diaspora, Ghana, Grove, Land Planning, Parade Ground, Service-Learning, Tourism THE THREE AKYEM: A COMMUNITY PARK FOR THE TOWN OF AKYEM ODA, GHANA by ALEXANDER NAGEL Diploma, Tuebingen University, Germany, 1996 M.S., The University of Georgia, 2003 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2007 © 2007 Alexander Nagel All Rights Reserved THE THREE AKYEM: A COMMUNITY PARK FOR THE TOWN OF AKYEM ODA, GHANA by ALEXANDER NAGEL Major Professor: Pratt Cassity Committee: Mary Anne Akers Karim Traore Jennifer Perissi Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who in different ways helped me along the way towards completion of my program and this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Inspectorate Department
    DRUG INSPECTORATE DEPARTMENT LIST OF LICENSED STORAGE FACILITIES BY THE FDA AS AT MARCH 2019 NO. NAME OF COMPANY LOCATION ADDRESS PRODUCTS APPLICATION STATUS VALID UNTIL HOUSE NO. 50, ADJACENT GHANA EXPORT FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 1 BASELINE LIMITED PROMOTION COUNCIL, NEAR COCOA HOUSE, EXPIRED JANUARY, 2019 PRODUCTS TUDU, ACCRA PLOT NO. 137, TEMA MOTORWAY INDUSTRIAL WORLDWIDE HEALTHCARE FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 2 AREA, NEAR COCA COLA ROUNDABOUT, EXPIRED JANUARY, 2019 LIMITED (BONDED) PRODUCTS SPINTEX ROAD, ACCRA TOBINCO PHARMACEUTICALS FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 3 H/NO. 3, ALAYE LINK, MAWULI ESTATE, HO EXPIRED JANUARY, 2019 LIMITED - HO (V/R) PRODUCTS 132, SHIRAZ ZIBLIM OLD KALADAN FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 4 PHARMANOVA LIMITED (TAMALE) EXPIRED JANUARY,2019 LAMASHEGU, TAMALE PRODUCTS HOUSE No. 3, KUKUO Residential Area OFF DANADAMS PHARMACEUTICAL FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 5 TAMALE TEACHING HOSPITAL ROAD AYAANA EXPIRED FEBRUARY, 2019 INDUSTRY LIMITED (TAMALE) PRODUCTS BYULDING, TAMALE HILLS PHARMACY LIMITED D470/A ADDITROM LAKE ROAD , ADABRAKA, FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 6 (ADABRAKA) EXPIRED FEBRUARY, 2019 ACCRA PRODUCTS HILLS PHARMACY LIMITED A/B 12 ON A40 HERMAN CLOSE, AGYEMAN FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 7 EXPIRED FEBRUARY, 2019 (LATERBIOKOSHIE) STREET, LATERBIOKOSHIE, ACCRA PRODUCTS REISS TOWERS C/172/3, PARADISE ROAD, FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 8 REISS & CO. GHANA LIMITED EXPIRED FEBRUARY, 2019 AKANETSO, ASYLUM DOWN, ACCRA PRODUCTS NO. 141, TSUIBLEOO STREET, NEAR FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 9 PHILIPS PHARMACEUTICALS LIGHTHOUSE CHURCH, NORTH KANESHIE, EXPIRED MARCH, 2019 PRODUCTS ACCRA TOTAL FAMILY HEALTH FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 10 EMPOWER BUILDING, SPINTEX ROAD, ACCRA. EXPIRED MARCH, 2019 ORGANIZATION PRODUCTS HOUSE NO. A900/1 GUGGISBERG AVENUE, FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 11 ROCK CHEMISTS EXPIRED MARCH, 2019 KORLE BU, ACCRA PROUCTS 229/4 OFFICIAL TOWN MAIN STREET, NEAR SHALINA HEALTHCARE (GH) FINISHED PHARMACEUTICAL 12 ADABRAKA POLICE STATION, ADABRAKA, EXPIRED MARCH, 2019 LIMITED PRODUCTS ACCRA HOUSE NO.
    [Show full text]