WOMEN WHO PARTICIPATE IN A STRUCTURED WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM WITH RESISTANCE-EXERCISE EXPERIENCE MORE FAVORABLE CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION WHEN COMPARED TO OTHER POPULAR WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS
B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, S Simbo, M Byrd, YP Jung, J Oliver, M Koozehchian, R Dalton, D Khanna, B Sanchez, J Kresta, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Cerda, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
. Abstract exercises or Zumba 4-d per week. This group had access to Greater reduction in %BF (p=0.001) online individualized weekly meal plans, daily motivational and o C: 0.1±1.7, 0.3±1.7, -0.1±1.7 educational videos, and weekly personal coaching sessions. o CC: -1.0±2.0, -2.0±2.4, -3.3±2.3 o WW: 0.1±1.7, -0.4±1.8, -0.6±2.5 Body Mass 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, 35.1±5 kg/m2) WW participants followed the Weight Watchers® Points Plus were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves o JC: -0.6±1.9, -1.7±2.4, -1.4±2.4 program, following food plans based on a points system and NS: -0.3±1.9, -0.2±1.8, -0.2±1.7 4.00 Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® o attending weekly meetings for weigh-ins and presentations There was a tendency for REE to differ among groups 2.00 Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance regarding exercise recommendations, tracking methods, and (kcal/d) (p=0.07) 0.00 Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-wks. Body mass, DEXA weight reduction strategies. Exercise was encouraged but not o C: -20±149, 17±180, 39±190 -2.00 body composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE) mandatory. o CC: -47±144, -23±176, 0±154 measurements were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks and analyzed by -4.00 Subjects in JC and NS received meals delivered to their home o WW: -113±160, -130±167, -108±159 MANOVA. Data are presented as changes from baseline after 12- o JC: -71±144, -64±196, -27±206 for 12 weeks and participated in a weekly phone consultation -6.00 wks. Participants in the diet groups lost similar amounts of body o NS: -68±154, -58±151, -43±206 to discuss weight changes, exercise encouragement, and Change (kg) -8.00 mass (C 0.1±3.1; CC -6.1±3.2; WW - 4.3±3.5; JC -5.3±3.8; NS - online tracking methods. Exercise was encouraged but not 5.1±4.5 kg, p=0.001). However, participants in the CC group -10.00 mandatory. Conclusions and Application experienced significantly greater loss in fat mass (C -0.0±2.0; CC - -12.00 The C group was encouraged to maintain normal activity and 5.2±2.8; WW -2.2±2.6; JC -3.5±3.3; NS -2.3±2.5 kg, p=0.001), less 04812 nutrition patterns. loss in FFM (C 0.1±2.3; CC - 0.7±2.5; WW -1.8±2.3; JC -1.8±2.1; Results indicate that the CC program with online support Weeks NS -2.4±2.2 kg, p=0.002), and greater reductions in percent body provides more favorable changes in body composition than the fat (C -0.1±1.7; CC - 3.3±2.3; WW -0.6±2.5; JC -1.4±2.4; NS - Methods & Procedures other weight loss programs. Sedentary individuals who 0.2±1.7%, p=0.001). REE tended to differ among groups (C participate in a structured diet and exercise program can 39±190; CC 0±154; WW - 108±159; JC -27±206; NS -43±206 improve their body mass, body composition, and resting energy Body composition was determined at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks utilizing Fat Free Mass kcal/d, p=0.07). Results indicate that participation in the CC the Hologic Discovery W QDR series Dual Energy X-ray expenditure. program promotes more favorable changes in body composition Absorptiometry (DEXA) system (Watham, MA). 4.00 than other popular weight loss programs. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) was assessed at 0, 4, 8, & 2.00 12 wks using the Parvo Medics TrueMax 2400 Metabolic Acknowledgements & Funding Rationale Measurement System (Sandy, UT). 0.00 Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX -2.00 Obesity affects more than 1/3 of US adults, including 2 million Statistical Analysis http://esnl.tamu.edu
Change (kg) -4.00 more women than men. Excess weight can lead to many health concerns, to include CVD and T2DM. Curves®, Jenny Craig®, Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures using -6.00 Nutrisystem®, and Weight Watchers® are four widely recognized IBM SPSS for Windows version 20.0 software (Chicago, IL) and Resting Energy Expenditure 04812 commercial companies that provide weight management services are presented as means ± SD % change from baseline for each 300.00 based on scientifically validated principles. PURPOSE: To group after 4, 8, & 12 weeks. Weeks compare the efficacy of these programs on markers of body 200.00 composition and metabolism in previously sedentary overweight 100.00 women. Results 0.00 Body Fat All diet groups lost similar amounts of body mass (p=0.001) -100.00 Experimental Design o CC: 2.9±1.9, -4.7±2.3, -6.1±3.2 -200.00 4.00 o WW: -2.5±1.8, -3.7±2.6, -4.3±3 JC: -2.9±1.4, -4.2±2.6, -5.3±3.8 -300.00 o Change (kcal/day) 2.00 Subjects were informed of the experimental procedures and o NS: -3.1±2.7, -4.4±3.3, -5.1±4.5 -400.00 signed informed consent statements in adherence with human CC experienced significant differences in the following: 04812 0.00 subject guidelines. Greater loss in fat mass (kg) (p=0.001) Weeks 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, 35.1±5 o C: -0.03±2.2, 0.2±2.3, -0.03±2.0 -2.00 2 o CC: -2.0±2.0, -3.6±2.3, -5.2±2.8 kg/m ) participated in the study. Change (%) -4.00 Subjects were assigned to a control group (C; n=20), a Curves o WW: 0.8±1.5, -1.8±1.9, -2.2±2.6 o JC: -1.8±1.5, -3.2±2.4, -3.5±3.3 Complete® with online support group (CC; n=23), a Weight o NS: -1.6±2.0, -2.0±2.2, -2.3±2.5 -6.00 Watchers® group (WW; n=29), a Jenny Craig® group (JC; Less loss in FFM (kg) (p=0.002) 04812 n=27), or a Nutrisystem® group (NS; n=28). o C: -0.1±1.4, -0.1±1.7, 0.1±2.3 The CC group followed a high protein diet of 45:30 (% o CC: -0.7±1.8, -1.1±2.2, -0.7±2.5 Weeks pro:cho), consuming 1,200 kcal/day for 1-wk and 1,500 kcal/d o WW: -1.5±1.8, -1.6±1.6, -1.8±2.3 for 11 wks. Additionally the CC participants completed a o JC: -1.3±2.0, -1.0±2.3, -1.8±2.1 o NS: -1.4±2.0, -2.1±1.8, -2.4±2.2 30-min resistance based circuit interspersed with calisthenic WOMEN WHO PARTICIPATE IN A STRUCTURED WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM WITH RESISTANCE-EXERCISE EXPERIENCE MORE FAVORABLE CHANGES IN BLOOD LIPIDS WHEN COMPARED TO OTHER POPULAR WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS E Galvan, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, A Jagim, S Simbo, M Byrd, YP Jung, JM Oliver, M Koozehchian, R Dalton, D Khanna, B Sanchez, , JY Kresta, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Cerda, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 . Results reveal a high protein/low fat weight loss program with Abstract Experimental Design -15-1010-505 resistance-training promotes more favorable changes in blood Legend
lipids compared to some other popular weight loss programs. 0 123 sedentary women were randomized into a control group (C), Subjects were informed as to the experimental procedures CC WW JC NS Control Curves Complete® (CC), Weight Watchers® (WW), Jenny Craig® and signed informed consent statements in adherence with (JC), or Nutrisystem® (NS) weight loss program for 12-wks. human subject guidelines. Conclusion & Application Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks. Data 123 sedentary women (46.0±12 yr, 45.8±5% body fat, 35.0±6 Total Cholesterol 15 are percent changes from baseline. Significant group x time kg/m2) participated in this study. Results indicate that the Curves Complete® with online support interactions were observed in TG (C -2.2±29, -7.7±26, 0.1±24; Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group (C; group (CC) provides more favorable changes in blood lipid when 10 ® CC -27.1±21, -24.2±24, -23.2±20; WW -8.5±32, 1.6±36, -2.7±31; n=20), a Curves Complete with online support group (CC; compared to other popular weight loss programs. Sedentary ® ® 5 JC 3.3±40, 8.0±34, 15.1±43; NS 6.9±39, 11.2±33, 11.1±29 %, n=20), a Weight Watchers group (WW; n=29), a Jenny Craig individuals who participate in a structured diet and exercise p=0.002) and HDL-c (C 0.6±11, -3.5±10; -5.0±10; CC -0.8±11, group (JC; n=26), or a Nutrisystem® group (NS; n=28). program can improve their blood lipid profile and thus possibly 0 0.3±11, 5.0±15; WW -5.1±12, -4.0±13, 0.2±14; JC -10.9±12, The CC group followed a high protein diet of 45:30 (% reduce their risk for diseases such as cardiovascular disease and -6.4±14, -5.0±16; NS -6.2±14, -6.5±12, -4.0±13 %, p=0.01). -5 pro:cho), consuming 1,200 kcal/day for 1-wk and 1,500 kcal/d type 2 diabetes. Total CHL tended to differ among groups (C 0.6±12, -0.3±12; for 11 wks. Additionally the CC participants completed a 30- -10 -2.2±11; CC -11.8±11, -9.1±9, -7.5±11; WW -5.8±12, -2.8±12, Change (%) min resistance based circuit interspersed with calisthenic 0.6±12; JC -7.2±13, -3.3±13, -2.3±11; NS -4.9±13, -4.5±12, Acknowledgement and Funding -15 exercises or Zumba 4 days per week. This group had access -3.8±16 %, p=0.07). No differences were observed among -20 to online individualized weekly meal plans, daily motivational groups in LDL-c (C -1.9±18, 1.7±23; -4.0±17; CC -11.1±15, Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX -25 -9.2±13, -7.8±19; WW -1.4±20, 1.6±23, 10.4±51; JC -6.5±17, and educational videos, and weekly personal coaching -1.7±17, -2.7±12; NS -4.6±18, -5.5±14, -6.1±21 %, p=0.21) or sessions. 04812 http://esnl.tamu.edu Weeks blood glucose (C 1.7±8, 2.6±6; -1.3±8; CC -2.2±10, -1.9±8, WW participants followed the Weight Watchers® Points Plus -2.4±12; WW -1.5±12, -1.1±9, -1.7±8; JC -3.3±9, -2.4±11, program, following food plans based on a points system and -1.6±10; NS -0.8±16, -3.2±14, -2.9±16 %, p=0.91). Results attending weekly meetings for weigh-ins and presentations regaring exercise recommendations, tracking methods, and Triglycerides Low Density Lipoprotein reveal a high protein/low fat weight loss program with 60 resistance-training promotes more favorable changes in blood weight reduction strategies. Exercise was encouraged but not 65 55 lipids compared to some other popular weight loss programs. mandatory. 40 Subjects in JC and NS received meals delivered to their home 45 35 Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX) for 12 weeks and participated in a weekly phone consultation 20 to discuss weight changes, exercise encouragement, and 25 online tracking methods. Exercise was encouraged but not 0 15 Rationale mandatory. 5 -20 -5 The C group was encouraged to maintain normal activity and Change (%) Currently, 78.4 million American adults are obese (BMI of 30.0 -15 2 nutrition patterns. kg/m and higher), partly due to physical inactivity and poor -40 Change (%) -25 nutritional choices. If the current trend in the rate of obesity -35 continues, healthcare care costs attributable to obesity could Methods & Procedures -60 -45 reach approximately $960 billion by 2030. Dyslipidemia and 04812 04812 impaired glucose tolerance are commonly associated with Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks and Weeks Weeks obesity; together these physiological conditions further increase sent to Quest Diagnostics (Houston, TX) for analysis of serum the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Curves®, Jenny Craig®, lipoprotein (LDL-c), total cholesterol (Total CHL), and glucose. High Density Lipoprotein Blood Glucose Nutrisystem®, and Weight Watchers® are four widely 4-day food records and activity logs were obtained at 0, 4, 8 & 25 recognized commercial companies that provide weight 12 weeks and analyzed. 10 management services based on scientifically validated 15 principles. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the 5 efficacy of these programs on blood lipid markers after a 12- Results 5 week intervention. 0
Significant group x time interactions were observed in -5
Statistical Analysis Change (%) -5 triglycerides (p=0.002) and high density lipoprotein (p=0.01).
Change (%) Total cholesterol tended to differ among groups (p=0.07), but -15 -10 Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures using was not significantly different. IBM SPSS for Windows version 20.0 software (Chicago, IL) and No differences were observed among groups in low density are presented as means ± SD % change from baseline for each -25 -15 lipoprotein (p=0.21) or blood glucose (p=0.91). group after 4, 8, & 12 weeks. 04812 04812 Weeks Weeks EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION IN PORPULAR WEIGHT LOSS AND FITNESS PROGRAMS ON MARKERS OF HEALTH AND FITNESS IN WOMEN S. Simbo, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, M Byrd, Y Jung, JM Oliver, M. Koozehchian, R Dalton, D Khanna, B. Sanchez, JY Kresta, K. Horrell, T. Leopold, M. Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Cerda, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
Abstract Diet Protocol Conclusions
1RM Bench Press 20 subjects in a control group (C) (normal diet and activities) 125 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, 35.0±5 Additional research is needed to examine the influence of 25 21 subjects in a Curves Complete® (CC) group kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or experiencing the influence of weight loss on work capacity prior 20 * Curves Complete® (CC), Weight Watchers® (WW), Jenny 24 subjects in a Weight Watchers® (WW) group to the initiation of a weight loss program on weight loss and 15 Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® (NS) weight loss programs for 27 subjects in a Jenny Craig® (JC) group and different diet programs 12- wks. Participants in the diet groups were encouraged to 28 subjects in a Nutrisystem® (NS) weight loss programs for 12 10 (Kg)
wks. exercise (WW, JC, NS) while those in the CC group Funding 5 participated in a structured exercise program. Data were Subjects were required to maintain their diet groups for the 0 duration of the study. analyzed by MANOVA or ANOVA and are presented as -5 changes from baseline after 12-wks. Participants in the diet Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX Change -10 groups had greater changes in waist (C 2.1±6.9; CC -4.7±3.2; Training Protocol http://esnl.tamu.edu WW -4.1±5.7; JC -3.7±3.6; NS -3.3±6.4 %, p=0.001) and hip -15 circumference (C 0.7±2.5; CC -4.0±2.6; WW - 2.5±2.4; JC - Subjects in the Curves group participated in a supervised 30-min -20
4.2±3.5; NS -3.6±3.5 %, p=0.001). Resting HR (- 2.5±9 %, resistance training (Curves with Zumba) fitness program 4 -25 days/week for the entire duration of the study. p=0.005) and SBP (-4.0±12 %, p=0.005) decreased overtime CC WW JC NS Control with no change in DBP. SBP decreased more in some diet and Participants in the diet groups (WW, JC, NS) were encouraged to Waist Circumference
exercise groups compared to group C (p<0.05). Changes in exercise while subjects in the control group maintained their 10
Peak Aerobic capacity (PAC) (C - 2.2±10; CC 14.4±10; WW normal diet and activities for the duration of the study program. 7.9±19; JC 8.1±11; NS 3.8±7 %, p=0.001) and 1 RM bench 5 Peak VO2 press (C -1.2±14; CC 6.0±12; WW 4.9±15; JC 5.4±14; NS - Methods & Procedures 30
(In) *
3.7±15 %, p=0.06). Results indicate diet and exercise programs 0 * promote improvements in fitness and the CC program * Waist and Hip circumferences, Resting HR, DBP and SBP, PAC promotes greater changes in aerobic capacity. 20 and 1RM bench press measurements were obtained from 0, 4, 8
Change -5 and 12 weeks * Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX) 10
Subjects reported any side effects associated with participating in * (L/min) -10 * the study to a research assistant on a weekly basis. * Rationale 0 -15
Change Statistical Analysis CC WW JC NS Control Research scientists in the Exercise & Sport Nutrition -10 Laboratory at Texas A&M University conducted a study on the Data were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks and analyzed by efficiency and safety of the Curves fitness and weight loss -20 program on markers of health and fitness in women. The MANOVA or ANOVA using SPSS for Windows version 21 CC WW JC NS Control curves fitness program involves performing a 30-minute Curves software (Chicago, IL) and are presented as means ± SD circuit style resistance training program interspersed with changes from baseline after 12 weeks of the study. calisthenic exercise or Zumba dance exercises. Participants in Hip Circumference the diet groups Weight Watchers® (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), Results 4 or Nutrisystem® (NS) were encouraged to exercise while Resting HR and SBP
subjects in the control group were encouraged to maintain their 2 The weight loss program promoted greater changes in waist (C 10 normal diets and activities for 12 wks. Results indicate diet and
2.1±6.9; CC -4.7±3.2; WW -4.1±5.7; JC -3.7±3.6; NS -3.3±6.4 %, (In) exercise programs promote improvements in fitness and the 0 5 p=0.001) and hip circumference (C 0.7±2.5; CC -4.0±2.6; WW - CC program promotes greater changes in aerobic capacity. 2.5±2.4; JC -4.2±3.5; NS -3.6±3.5 %, p=0.001). -2 0
Resting HR (- 2.5±9 %, p=0.005) and SBP (-4.0±12 %, p=0.005) Change
-4 (mmHg) Experimental Design decreased overtime with no change in DBP. SBP decreased more -5 in some diet and exercise groups compared to group C (p<0.05). -6 * Subjects There was some evidence that experiencing the effects of weight -10 -8 * * Change loss prior to initiation of a weight loss program tended to influence * -15 changes in PAC (C - 2.2±10; CC 14.4±10; WW 7.9±19; JC 125 sedentary women (46±12yrs; 45.5±5% body fat; 35±5 -10 kg/m2) participated in this study. 8.1±11; NS 3.8±7 %, p=0.001) and 1 RM bench press (C -1.2±14; -20 CC WW JC NS Control Subjects were informed as to the experimental procedures CC 6.0±12; WW 4.9±15; JC 5.4±14; NS -3.7±15 %, p=0.06). HR SBP and signed informed consent statements in adherence with the human subject guidelines of Texas A&M University.
EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION IN POPULAR WEIGHT LOSS AND FITNESS PROGRAMS ON INSULIN AND LEPTIN IN WOMEN
R Dalton, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, S Simbo, M Byrd, Y Jung, JM Oliver, M Koozehchian, D Khanna, B Sanchez, JY Kresta, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Cerda, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
. Abstract Experimental Design Results
100 sedentary women (46±11 yr, 45.8±5% body fat, 35.2±5 Subjects were informed of the experimental procedures Participants in the CC group tended to experience greater 2 kg/m ) were randomized to participate in a no diet or exercise and signed informed consent statements in adherence with changes in: ® control group (C) or the Curves Complete 90-day Challenge the human subject guidelines. Fasting insulin (C 0.8±6.9; CC -7.5±14; WW -2.9±8.1; (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), JC -3.8±6.3; NS -1.2±8.3 uIU/ml, p=0.10). ® 100 sedentary women (46±11 yrs; 45.8±5% body fat; or Nutrisystem Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs The glucose to insulin ratio (C -1.3±4.1; CC 7.0±14; 35.2±5 kg/m2) participated in this study. for 12-wks. Participants in the diet groups were encouraged to WW 3.3±5.4; JC 4.8±7.4; NS -6.0±21, p=0.01). exercise (WW, JC, NS) while those in the CC group Subjects were randomly assigned to the no diet or exercise HOMA (C 0.1±1.6; CC -2.3±4.4; WW -0.8±1.7; JC - ® participated in a structured circuit-style resistance training (3 control group (C, n=18) or the Curves Complete 90-day 1.0±1.9; NS -0.4±2.2, p=0.07). d/wk) and walking (3/d wk) program. Fasting blood samples Challenge (CC, n=14), Weight Watchers® Points Plus Leptin (C 4.3±16; CC -17.9±21; WW -13.0±16; JC - were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks. Changes from baseline (WW, n=22), Jenny Craig® (JC, n=23), or Nutrisystem® 12.2±25; NS -3.5±26 ng/ml, p=0.03). after 12-wks intervention for fasting insulin, the glucose to Advance Select™ (NS, n=23) weight loss programs. Significant differences were found between: insulin ratio, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), and o Groups 2, 3, and 4 versus group 5 for the leptin were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Participants in the The CC diet involved consuming a high protein diet of a 45:30 protein to carbohydrate ratio which consisted of glucose to insulin ratio. CC group tended to experience greater changes in fasting o Groups 2, 3, and 4 versus group 6 for leptin insulin (C 0.8±6.9; CC -7.5±14; WW -2.9±8.1; JC -3.8±6.3; NS - 1,200 kcal/d for 1-wk and 1,500 kcal/d for 11 wks. Subjects levels. * * * # *# 1.2±8.3 uIU/ml, p=0.10), the glucose to insulin ratio (C -1.3±4.1; in the CC group participated in a supervised 30-min resistance circuit training program that was o Groups with differing symbols indicate CC 7.0±14; WW 3.3±5.4; JC 4.8±7.4; NS -6.0±21, p=0.01), significant differences HOMA (C 0.1±1.6; CC -2.3±4.4; WW -0.8±1.7; JC -1.0±1.9; NS interspersed with callisthenic exercises and Zumba performed 4-d per week. -0.4±2.2, p=0.07) and leptin (C 4.3±16; CC -17.9±21; WW - 13.0±16; JC -12.2±25; NS -3.5±26 ng/ml, p=0.03) compared to Subjects in the WW group followed the Weight Watchers some other diet and exercise interventions. Results indicate Points Plus Program, which consisted of food plans based Conclusions that participation in different diet and exercise programs may on a points system and weekly meetings where exercise have variable effects on markers of insulin resistance and recommendations, tracking methods, and weight Results indicate that participation in different diet and exercise leptin. reductions strategies were presented and weekly weights programs may have variable effects on markers of insulin
Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX). were attained. Exercise was encouraged but not resistance and leptin.
mandatory. Subjects in the JC or NS programs received meals for 12 Acknowledgements and Funding Rationale weeks and were able to speak with a consultant each week
regarding their weight changes and exercise protocol, as We would like to thank Dr. J.P. Bramhall for his medical * * * *# # Obesity and physical inactivity are two of the leading causes of well as use online tracking methods. Exercise was expertise throughout this study. Supported by Curves preventable death in the United States. Many options are encouraged but not mandatory. International Inc., Waco, TX. available to help reduce these conditions and improve the http://esnl.tamu.edu health of individuals. Curves International, Inc., Weight Methods & Procedures Watchers International, Inc., Jenny Craig, Inc., and Nutrisystem
are four widely available commercial enterprises that provide
weight management programs, based on scientific principles, Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 weeks
to consumers. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of where serum was collected from the samples and kept at -80
following either the no diet or exercise control group (C) or the °F. Analysis of insulin and leptin content was conducted via ® ® Curves Complete 90-day Challenge (CC), Weight Watchers ELISA (ALPCO Diagnostics, Salem, NH). ® ® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig (JC), or Nutrisystem Advance
Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-weeks on insulin Statistical Analysis and leptin measurements.
Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS for Windows version 20 software (Chicago, IL) and are presented as means ± SD percent changes from baseline.
ADDING ACCESS TO ONLINE MEAL PLANS AND MONITORING TO A STRUCTURED WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM WITH RESISTANCE-EXERCISE PROMOTES MORE POSITIVE CHANGES IN TRIGLYCERIDES K Levers, B Lockard, C Baetge, E Galvan, A Jagim, S Simbo, M Byrd, YP Jung, JM Oliver, M Koozehchian, R Dalton, D Khanna, B Sanchez, JY Kresta, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Rasmussen, R Kreider, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 . Abstract Experimental Design Results
48 sedentary women (44.8±10 yr, 44.8±4% body fat, 33.9±6 Subjects Significant mean changes were observed in blood lipid kg/m2) were randomized to participate in the Curves 48 sedentary women (44.8±10 yr, 44.8±4% body fat, profile markers (TG, CHL, HDL, and LDL) at 4, 8, and 12- Complete® weight loss and exercise program for 12-wks with 33.9±6 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in the wks compared to baseline values irrespective of group. (CC-OS) and without (CC-NS) online support that provided Curves Complete® weight loss and exercise program for Significant differences were observed among groups with access to meal plans and progress monitoring. Fasting blood 12-wks with (CC-OS) and without (CC-NS) online support respect to changes in TG (CC-OS -27.1±21, -24.2±24, samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks and analyzed by that provided access to meal plans and progress -23.2±20; CC-NS 0.9±29, -6.1±22, -6.7±26 %, p=0.001). MANOVA. Data are presented as changes from baseline after monitoring. No significant differences were observed among groups in 4, 8, and 12 wks for the CC-OS and CC-NS groups, Subjects were informed as to the experimental procedures total CHL (CC-OS -11.8±11, -9.1±9, -7.5±11; CC-NS respectively. Overall MANOVA analysis revealed a significant and signed a consent statement in adherence with the -6.0±10, -4.0±11, -3.6±10 %, p=0.17), HDLc (CC-OS time (p=0.001) difference with no significant group x time human subject guidelines of Texas A&M University. -0.8±11, 0.3±11, 5.0±15; CCNS -3.4±9, -0.1±13, 2.5±15 %, effects (p=0.57). Univariate analysis revealed significant time p=0.78), LDLc (CC-OS -11.1±15, -9.2±13, -7.8±19; CC-NS effects for TG, CHL, HDL, and LDL and that participants in the Training Protocol -7.4±15, -6.6±16, -4.7±11 %, p=0.83) or blood glucose CC-OS group experienced greater changes in TG (CC-OS Subjects participated in a supervised 30-min hydraulic (CC-OS -2.2±10, -1.9±8, -2.4±12; CC-NS 1.2±14,1.6±12, -27.1±21, -24.2±24, -23.2±20; CC-NS 0.9±29, -6.1±22, -6.7±26 resistance circuit training program interspersed with either -0.6±15 %, p=0.75). %, p=0.001) with no differences observed among groups in callisthenic exercises or Zumba 3-d/wk that either included total CHL (CC-OS -11.8±11, -9.1±9, -7.5±11; CC-NS -6.0±10, online support with access to dietary and progress Conclusions -4.0±11, -3.6±10 %, p=0.17), HDLc (CC-OS -0.8±11, 0.3±11, monitoring or not for the 12-wk duration of the study. 5.0±15; CCNS -3.4±9, -0.1±13, 2.5±15 %, p=0.78), LDLc (CC- 12-wks of participation in the aforementioned Curves OS -11.1±15, -9.2±13, -7.8±19; CC-NS -7.4±15, -6.6±16, Dieting Protocol Complete® diet and exercise programs found that subjects -4.7±11 %, p=0.83) or blood glucose (CC-OS -2.2±10, -1.9±8, During the first week, subjects consumed 1,200 kcals/d generally improved blood lipid and glucose biomarkers of -2.4±12; CC-NS 1.2±14,1.6±12, -0.6±15 %, p=0.75). Results followed by ingesting 1,500 kcals/d for 11-wks. cardiovascular health over the course of the program and indicate that adding online access to meal plans and monitoring Diets were focused on a high protein intake consisting of a can promote more favorable changes in TG during a structured adding online dietary and progress monitoring significantly 45:30 protein to carbohydrate ratio. improved triglyceride levels compared to those not offered weight loss program with resistance-based exercise. online support. Methods & Procedures Supported by Curves International, Waco TX. Practical Application Subjects were recruited to participate in this study through
Rationale flyers, newspaper ads, and radio advertisements. Body mass, DEXA body composition, anthropometic Sedentary individuals who participate in a structured weight
measurements, resting blood pressures, and fasting blood loss and resistance-based exercise program that includes Physical inactivity and poor nutritional health have led to a samples were obtained at 0,4,8 and 12 weeks. online access to meal plans and monitoring can promote worldwide epidemic of obesity. The pattern of American obesity All measurements through the study were obtained by lab more favorable changes in blood triglyceride levels over continues to rise as 78.4 million adults are now classified as those without online support. 2 personnel. obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m ), which is nearly double the number of obese adults in 2003 (40 million). Dyslipidemia and high blood Lipid blood panel and blood glucose data were obtained using standardized serum measurement techniques to Acknowledgements and Funding glucose levels in conjunction with physical inactivity have proven to be major contributors in the development of type 2 analyze each fasting blood sample. diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. This alarming rise Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX of obesity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome calls for Statistical Analysis http://esnl.tamu.edu
identification of weight loss programs that utilize proven weight
loss strategies to promote changes in body composition and Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures
improve markers of fitness and health. Curves International, using IBM SPSS for Windows version 21.0 software Inc. is one of the most widely recognized commercial (Chicago, IL) and are presented as percent changes from companies that provide weight management and dietary baseline after 4, 8, and 12-wks. services that are based on scientifically validated principles. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of the Curves Complete® weight loss and exercise program with (CC-OS) and without (CC-NS) online support that provided access to meal plans and
progress monitoring for 12-wks on markers of cardiovascular * Significant mean changes observed between groups. health in previously sedentary, overweight women. ADDING ACCESS TO ONLINE MEAL PLANS AND MONITORING IMPROVES SUCCESS TO A STRUCTURED WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM WITH RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN WOMEN C Baetge, B Lockard, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, S Simbo, M Byrd, Y Jung, JM Oliver, M Koozehchian, R Dalton, D Khanna, B Sanchez, JY Kresta, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Cerda, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 . Abstract Experimental Design No significant differences were seen among groups in percent body fat (CC-OS -0.9±1.8, -1.9±2.4, -3.3±2.3; CC-
NS -1.5±2.3, -2.5±2.5, -2.7±3.4 %, p=0.21) or REE (CC-OS 51 sedentary women (44.5±10 yr, 44.9±4% body fat, 34.0±6 Subjects were informed of the experimental procedures 2 -47±144, -23±176, 0.4±154; CC-NS -83±174, -65±184, - kg/m ) were randomized to participate in the Curves and signed informed consent statements in adherence with ® 101±170 kcals/d, p=0.16). Complete weight loss and exercise program for 12-wks with human subject guidelines.
(CC-OS) and without (CC-NS) online support that provided 51 sedentary women (44.5±10 yr, 44.9±4% body fat, access to meal plans and progress monitoring. Body mass, 34.0±6 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in the Curves Conclusions Fat Free Mass DEXA body composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE) Complete® weight loss and exercise program for 12-wks. 3 measurements were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks and Subjects in the CC-OS (n=22) were able to track their diet Results indicate that adding online access to meal plans 2 analyzed by MANOVA. Data are presented as changes from and exercise through an online database, were provided and monitoring can promote more favorable changes in baseline after 4, 8, and 12 wks for the CC-OS and CC-NS 1 (kg)
online meal plans, as well as weekly progress monitoring. body composition while maintaining REE. groups, respectively. Overall MANOVA revealed that both 0 CC-OS Those in the CC-NS (n=29) had no online support but had -1 groups experienced improvements in body composition with hands on diet material. -2 CC-NS minimal effects on REE. An overall significant interaction was Both groups consumed a high protein diet of a 45:30:25 Practical Application Change -3 observed among groups (p=0.02). Participants in the CC-OS protein to carbohydrate to fat ratio, which consisted of -4 group tended to experience more favorable changes in body 1,200 kcal/d for 1-wk and 1,500 kcal/d for 11 wks. Sedentary individuals who participate in a structured diet and mass (CC-OS -2.6±1.3, -4.8±2.3, -6.2±3.3; CC-NS -2.2±1.9, - 04812 All subjects participated in a supervised 30-min resistance exercise program can have greater improvements in their body 3.5±3.1, -4.3±4.3 kg, p=0.08) and fat mass (CC-OS -1.8±1.8, - circuit training program interspersed with calisthenic mass and body composition, as well as maintain resting energy 3.5±2.3, -5.2±2.9; CC-NS -2.0±2.4, -3.4±2.8, -3.8±4.0 kg, exercises and Zumba,performed 4-d per week. expenditure, when online support and monitoring are present. p=0.11), while FFM was preserved to a greater degree in the
CC-NS group (CC-OS -0.8±1.6, -1.2±2.1, -0.8±2.5; CC-NS 0.0±1.5, 0.2±1.6, -0.2±2.0 kg, p=0.05). No significant Methods & Procedures Acknowledgements & Funding Body Fat differences were seen among groups in percent body fat (CC- OS -0.9±1.8, -1.9±2.4, -3.3±2.3; CC-NS -1.5±2.3, -2.5±2.5, - Body composition was determined at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX 2 http://esnl.tamu.edu 2.7±3.4 %, p=0.21) or REE (CC-OS -47±144, -23±176, utilizing the Hologic Discovery W QDR series Dual Energy 0 0.4±154; CC-NS -83±174, -65±184, -102±170 kcals/d, X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) system (Watham, MA). (%) -2 p=0.16). Results indicate that adding online access to meal Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) was assessed at 0, 4, CC-OS plans and monitoring can promote more favorable changes in 8, & 12 wks using the Parvo Medics TrueMax 2400 Body Mass -4 body composition while maintaining REE. CC-NS
Change Metabolic Measurement System (Sandy, UT). -6 2 Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX) Statistical Analysis 0 -8 -2 04812 (kg)
Rationale -4 CC-OS Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures using IBM SPSS for Windows version 20.0 software (Chicago, -6 CC-NS Energy-deficient diets and physical inactivity have led to a IL) and are presented as means ± SD % change from baseline Change -8 worldwide epidemic of obesity. The alarming rise in the for each group after 4, 8, & 12 weeks. -10 prevalence of obesity underscores the need to identify weight REE loss programs that utilize proven weight loss strategies to 04812 affectively lead to changes in body composition and improve Results 200
markers of fitness and health. Curves International, Inc. is a 100 widely recognized commercial company that provides weight Overall MANOVA revealed that both groups experienced 0 management services that are based on scientifically validated improvements in body composition with minimal effects on Fat Mass CC-OS (kcals/day) principles. Within the Curves program, there are two REE. -100 approaches to follow the diet: online support and no online An overall significant interaction was observed among 2 CC-NS -200 support. PURPOSE: To determine if following either the Curves groups (p=0.02). 0 Complete® weight loss and exercise program for 12-wks (CC- Participants in the CC-OS group tended to experience -2 Change -300 (kg)
OS) with provided access to meal plans and progress more favorable changes in body mass (CC-OS -2.6±1.3, - -4 CC-OS 04812 monitoring or without (CC-NS) online support provides a 4.7±2.3, -6.2±3.3; CC-NS -2.2±1.9, -3.5±3.1, -4.3±4.3 kg, p=0.08) and fat mass (CC-OS -1.8±1.8, -3.5±2.3, -5.2±2.9; -6 CC-NS greater change in body composition and resting energy Change expenditure in previously sedentary overweight women. CC-NS -2.0±2.4, -3.4±2.8, -3.8±4.0 kg, p=0.11) -8 FFM was preserved to a greater degree in the CC-NS -10 group (CC-OS -0.8±1.6, -1.2±2.1, -0.8±2.5; CC-NS 04812 0.0±1.5, 0.2±1.6, -0.2±2.0 kg, p=0.05) ADHERENCE TO A HIGH PROTEIN AND LOW FAT ENERGY-RESTRICTED DIET WHILE PARTICIPATING IN A CIRCUIT RESISTANCE- EXERCISE PROGRAM PROMOTES FAT LOSS WITH NO LOSS IN FAT FREE MASS IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
YP Jung, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, S Simbo, M Byrd, JM Oliver, M. Koozehchian, R Dalton, D Khanna, B. Sanchez, JY Kresta, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Cerda, C Rasmussen, R Kreider, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 .
REE tended to differ among groups (C -20±149, 17±180, Abstract Experimental Design Body Fat 39±190; CC -30±140, -65±169, -85±130, kcal/d, p=0.03). 4.00 41 sedentary women (55.3±10 yr, 45.0±4% body fat, 33.7±5 Subjects were informed as to the experimental procedures 2.00 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or and signed informed consent statements in adherence with 0.00 Conclusions (kg) the Curves Complete® (CC) weight loss and circuit resistance- human subject guidelines. -2.00 -4.00 exercise program for 12-wks. Participants in the CC program 41 sedentary women (55.3±10 yr, 45.0±4% body fat, Results indicate that post-menopausal women who participate -6.00 followed an energy-restricted diet (30% C, 45% P, and 25% F) 33.7±6 kg/m2) participated in this study. in an energy deficit higher protein and low fat diet with Change -8.00 while participating in a circuit resistance-training (3 d/wk) and Subjects were assigned to a Control group (n=20), a resistance-exercise can promote fat loss without loss of FFM. 04812 walking (30 min, 3/d wk) program. Body mass, DEXA body Curves group (n=21). CC Control Weeks composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE) Subjects in the CC group followed an energy-restricted diet Practical Application measurements were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks and (30% C, 45% P, and 25% F). analyzed by MANOVA. Data are presented as changes from Subjects in the CC group participated in a supervised 30- Sedentary individuals who participate in a structured diet and baseline after 4, 8, and 12 wks for the C and CC groups, Body Fat min resistance circuit training program with that was exercise program can improve their health and fitness markers. respectively. Participants in the CC program lost significant interspersed with callisthenic exercises and Zumba 4.00 2.00 amounts of body mass (C -0.05±1.6, -0.1±2.2, 0.1±3.1; CC - performed 4-d per week.
(%) 0.00
Acknowledgements & Funding 2.1±1.7, -3.1±2.6, -3.9±3.2, kg, p=0.001), fat mass (C -0.0±2.2, -2.00 0.2±2.3, -0.0±2.0; CC -2.2±1.4, -2.8±2.0, -4.1±2.4 kg, p=0.001) Methods & Procedures -4.00 and body fat (C 0.1±1.7, 0.3±1.7, -0.1±1.7; CC -1.8±2.1, - Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX -6.00 Change 2.2±2.3, -3.5±2.5 %, p=0.001) than controls with no time http://esnl.tamu.edu -8.00 Body Weight was measured by utilizing standard (p=0.54) or group x time effects on FFM (C -0.1±1.4, -0.1±1.7, 04812 procedures at 0, 4, 8, & 12 weeks. 0.1±2.3; CC 0.2±1.8, 0.1±1.9, 0.5±1.6 kg, p=0.89). REE tended CC Control Weeks Body Composition (BF and FFM) was measured by Dual- to differ among groups (C -20±149, 17±180, 39±190; CC - Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at 0, 4, 8, & 12 weeks. 30±140, -65±169, -85±130, kcal/d, p=0.03). Results indicate that post-menopausal women who participate in an energy Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) was measured by Fat Free Mass deficit higher protein and low fat diet with resistance-exercise indirect calorimetry at 0, 4, 8, & 12 weeks. 3.00 can promote fat loss without loss of FFM. Statistical Analysis 2.00 Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX) 1.00 (kg) 0.00
Rationale Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures using -1.00 IBM SPSS for Windows version 20.0 software (Chicago, IL)
Change -2.00
and are presented as means ± SD % change from baseline for -3.00 It is generally recognized that post-menopausal women require each group. 04812 more dietary protein due to decrease in protein synthesis of CC Control Weeks muscle. Post-menopausal women experience increases in body fat mass and redistribution of fat mass, and these Results changes can increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular Participants in the CC program lost significant amounts of disease. A diet rich in high-quality protein is gaining scientific Body Weight Resting Energy Expenditure support as a successful strategy to promote weight loss and body mass (C -0.05±1.6, -0.1±2.2, 0.1±3.1; CC -2.1±1.7, - 4.00 300 prevent weight gain or regain in adults. Moreover, high protein 3.1±2.6, -3.9±3.2, kg, p=0.001). 2.00 200 diets help better control appetites and calorie intake, and Participants in the CC program lost significant amounts of 0.00 100 (kg) maintain fat free mass while burning fat for fuel. Circuit training fat mass (C -0.0±2.2, 0.2±2.3, -0.0±2.0; CC -2.2±1.4, -
-2.00 (kcal/d) 0 is short bursts of resistance exercise using moderate weight 2.8±2.0, -4.1±2.4 kg, p=0.001). -4.00 -100
and frequent repetitions, followed quickly by another burst of Participants in the CC program lost significant amounts of Change -6.00 -200 exercise targeting a different muscle group. It is proved by body fat (C 0.1±1.7, 0.3±1.7, -0.1±1.7; CC -1.8±2.1, - -8.00 Change -300 many scientific researches that is the most time efficient way to 2.2±2.3, -3.5±2.5 %, p=0.001) than controls with no time 04812 04812 promote fat loss without muscle loss as well as to enhance (p=0.54) or group x time effects on FFM (C -0.1±1.4, - CC Control Weeks CC Control Weeks cardiovascular fitness and muscle endurance. 0.1±1.7, 0.1±2.3; CC 0.2±1.8, 0.1±1.9, 0.5±1.6 kg, p=0.89).
ADHERENCE TO A HIGH PROTEIN AND LOW FAT ENERGY-RESTRICTED DIET WHILE PARTICIPATING IN A CIRCUIT RESISTANCE-EXERCISE PROGRAM PROMOTES POSITIVE CHANGES IN BLOOD GLUCOSE AND LIPIDS IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
A Jagim, M Byrd, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, S Simbo, YP Jung, J Oliver, M Koozehchian, R Dalton, D Khanna, B Sanchez, J Kresta, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, S Springer, A Rivera, C Cerda, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 . Abstract Experimental Design Participants in the CC group experienced significantly different changes in cholesterol (C PURPOSE: 41 sedentary women (55.6±10 yr, 45.0±4% Subjects were informed as to the experimental 0.6±12, -0.3±12, -2.2±11; CC -11.2±11, -9.5±10, - body fat, 33.7±5kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a procedures and signed informed consent statements in 11.2±9%, p=0.005). control group (C) or the Curves Complete® (CC) weight loss adherence with the human subject guidelines of Texas No significant differences were observed in TG (C and circuit resistance exercise program for 12-wks. A&M University. -2.2±29, -7.7±26, 0.1±24; CC -21.0±18, -17.3±21, - Participants in the CC program followed an energy-restricted 11.0±34 %, p=0.14), HDLc (C 0.6±11, -3.5±10, - diet (30% C, 45% P, and 25% F) while participating in a 41 sedentary women (55.6±10 yr, 45.0±4% body fat, circuit resistance-training (3 d/wk) and walking (30 min, 3/d 33.7±5kg/m2) participated in this study. 5.0±10; CC 0.1±10, 3.0±23, -2.4±11 %, p=0.37) or wk) program. Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, Participants in the CC program followed a high protein, LDLc (C -1.9±18, 1.7±23, -4.0±17; CC -11.9±16, - 8, & 12 wks and analyzed by MANOVA. Data are presented low-fat energy-restricted diet (30% C, 45% P, and 25% 9.5±14, -12.6±13.2 %, p=0.11). as changes from baseline after 4, 8, and 12 wks for the C F). and CC groups, respectively. Overall MANOVA analysis The participants in the CC group followed a diet that Conclusions revealed a significant time (p=0.004) and group x time involved consuming 1,200 kcal/d for 1-wk and 1,500 (p=0.002) differences. Univariate analysis revealed kcal/d for 11 wks. significant time effects for TG, CHL, and LDL and that Adherence to a high protein and low fat energy participants in the CC group experienced significantly Subjects participated in a supervised 30-min resistance restricted diet while participating in a resistance-based different changes in blood glucose (C 1.7±8, 2.6±6, -1.3±8; circuit training program that was interspersed with circuit training program promotes favorable changes in CC 0.6±8, -3.2±6, -0.8±7 %, p=0.04) and CHL (C 0.6±12, - callisthenic exercises and performed 3 days/week for blood glucose and some blood lipids in 0.3±12, -2.2±11; CC -11.2±11, -9.5±10, -11.2±9%, p=0.005) the entire duration of the study. postmenopausal women. with no significant differences in TG (p=0.14), HDLc (p=0.37) or LDLc (p=0.11). Results indicate that adherence Methods & Procedures to a high protein and low fat energy restricted diet while participating in a resistance-based circuit training program Acknowledgements Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8 & 12 wks promotes favorable changes in blood glucose and some blood lipids in postmenopausal women. and analyzed for blood glucose and blood lipids. We would like to thank Kevin Shimkus and Dr. Jim Supported by Curves International, Waco, TX Fluckey for their help with data analysis. Statistical Analysis Rationale Funding Data were analyzed by repeated measures MANOVA Sedentary individuals often times have certain elevated risk analysis using SPSS for Windows version 18 software Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX factors for metabolic disorders such as high blood lipids or (Chicago, IL) and are presented as means ± SD changes http://esnl.tamu.edu elevated blood glucose levels. Previous research in the from baseline.
Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab has shown positive results on markers of clinical health and weight loss after following the Curves fitness program. The Curves fitness program involves performing a 30-minute hydraulic resistance circuit Results training program 3 days per week. Results of initial studies have shown that the program promotes weight loss, Overall MANOVA analysis revealed a significant time improves markers of health, and improves fitness levels. (p=0.004) and group x time (p=0.002) differences. Similar research has shown exercise programs to positively Univariate analysis revealed significant time effects for affect serum lipid panels as well as blood glucose levels. TG, CHL, and LDL levels. Mild to moderate weight loss has also been shown to help prevent or reduce the risk of certain metabolic risk factors. Participants in the CC group experienced significantly The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a 12 different changes in blood glucose (C 1.7±8, 2.6±6, - week Curves Complete fitness program on blood glucose 1.3±8; CC 0.6±8, -3.2±6, -0.8±7 %, p=0.04). and blood lipids.
Effects of Nutrient Timing Following Resistance Exercise on Changes in Body Composition in Post-Menopausal Women Participating in a Weight Loss Program M. Byrd, YP Jung, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, S Simbo, JM Oliver, M Koozechian, D Khanna, R Dalton, B Sanchez, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Cho, J Fluckey, S Reichman, M Greenwood, J Hart, K Shimkus, W Gapinski, M Perez, B Bessire, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
Abstract 21 sedentary overweight post-menopausal women (59.8±5 yrs; Results 43.7±3% body fat, 31.0±3 kg/m2) participated in this study.
21 sedentary women (59.8±5 yr, 43.7±3% body fat, 31.0±3 kg/m2) Participants were assigned to the Curves fitness, weight loss Over 12 weeks, data reported are changes as compared to followed Curves Complete® (CC) energy-restricted diet (30% C, program, randomized, matched, and placed into one of two baseline for the I and D groups respectively. 45% P, and 25% F) while participating in a circuit resistance groups: training (3 d/wk) and walking (30 min, 3 d/wk) program for 12 o (I, n=9), which received the post exercise nutrition significant time effects were seen in body mass, fat mass, weeks. Participants ingested a drink containing 15g of protein immediately post exercise, or and body fat; no significant group x time effects were immediately following (I) or 2-hr after (D) exercise as part of their o (D, n=12), which received the same nutrition at 2 hours observed. diet. Data were analyzed by MANOVA, and are presented as post exercise. participants in the D group generally experienced more changes from baseline after 12 weeks for the I and D groups, favorable changes in The Curves program involved a cyclic-energy restricted high respectively. While significant time effects were seen in body o Body Mass (I -3.6±2.2; D -4.2±4.2kg, p=0.59), protein diet, and participation in the Curves with Zumba circuit- mass, fat mass, and body fat; no significant group x time effects o Fat Mass (I -3.5±1.5; D -4.8±3.3kg, p=0.32), were observed. However, participants in the D group generally training program. Zumba was interspersed with the Curves o FFM (I -0.0±1.7; D 1.1±1.1kg, p=0.24), and experienced more favorable changes in body mass (I -3.6±2.2; D - circuit resistance workout on 1 of the 3 day/wk exercise o Body Fat (I -2.8±1.9; D -4.4±3.1%, p=0.25). 4.2±4.2kg, p=0.59), fat mass (I -3.5±1.5; D -4.8±3.3kg, p=0.32), regimen, wherein circuit intervals were timed at 60 seconds. No differences were seen among groups in REE: FFM (I -0.0±1.7; D 1.1±1.1kg, p=0.24), and body fat (I -2.8±1.9; D - The remaining 2d/wk involved 30s intervals, and included (I -82±126; D -90±142kcal/d, p=0.34). 4.4±3.1%, p=0.25). No differences were seen among groups in calisthenics interspersed with the resistance stations. REE (I -82±126; D -90±142kcal/d, p=0.34). Both (I) and (D) groups consumed a high protein diet CONCLUSION: Additional research should examine whether [macronutrient composition ratio of 45:30:25 (pro:CHO:fat Conclusions nutrient timing affects training adaptations in post-menopausal respectively)] which consisted of 1,200 kcal/d for the first Participation in the CC program with the addition of timed post- women who participate in an energy deficit, higher protein and low week, and 1,500 kcal/d for the remaining 11 weeks of the exercise nutrition may promote more favorable changes in body fat diet with resistance-exercise. Reported results appear to study. Post exercise macronutrient and energy content were suggest the potential for more favorable outcomes via delayed composition, while a more delayed time of ingestion may be included in the daily diet only on the days in which each nutrient timing of post exercise nutrition in overweight post- preferable to immediately post-exercise ingestion. Additional menopausal women pursuing an exercise and energy deficit diet participant exercised in the Curves circuit. research is warranted to study nutrient timing effects on training weight loss program. adaptations in post-menopausal women who participate in an
energy deficit, higher protein and low fat diet with resistance- Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX) exercise. Methods & Procedures
Rationale Dietary analyses were accomplished through collection of 4- Acknowledgements and Funding day Food Logs collected at each testing session, and
Researchers in the Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory have analyzed via Food Processor software (ESHA Research, We would like to acknowledge the contributions of Vanessa been conducting a number of studies over the past several years Salem OR) for macronutrient and caloric content. Thompson for her assistance with data entry, and Chang Woock to assess the efficacy of the Curves fitness and weight loss Weekly compliance checks were accomplished via activity log Lee for administrative and technical support. programs. Many studies looking at post exercise timed nutrition submission, and computerized circuit attendance records. have revealed favorable results in various demographics, yet some Body composition was determined via a Hologic (Bedford, MA) Supported by Curves International Inc., Waco, TX have reported little or no benefit. Previous ESNL studies have www.ExerciseAndSportNutritionLab.com Discovery W Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). shown more favorable results from the higher protein diet v. a higher CHO diet over a 12 week period of diet and exercise. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) was analyzed via Parvo Nutrient timing continues to be an area of interest in various Medics (Sandy UT) TrueOne 2400 Metabolic system. populations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine whether the addition of post exercise immediate (I) or 2 hours post exercise (D) timed nutrition (120kcal; 15g pro, 12g CHO, 1g fat shake) might enhance results achieved during 12 weeks of a Statistical Analysis prospective exercise and diet weight loss intervention. Data were analyzed by MANOVA, and are presented as changes from baseline after 12 weeks (for the I and D groups, respectively) Experimental Design using SPSS for Windows version 20 software (Chicago, IL), and are presented as means ± SD percent changes from baseline. Participants were informed of the experimental procedures and signed informed consent statements in adherence with the human subject guidelines of Texas A&M University.