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A Taxonomic Revision of Pseudosymblepharis Broth. (Musci: Pottiaceae) in Asia

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A Taxonomic Revision of Pseudosymblepharis Broth. (Musci: Pottiaceae) in Asia Revision of Pseudosymblepharis 129 Tropical Bryology 18: 129-145, 2000 A taxonomic revision of Pseudosymblepharis Broth. (Musci: Pottiaceae) in Asia Philip Sollman Von Weberstraat 32, 6904 KD Zevenaar, The Netherlands Abstract: In Asia, Pseudosymblepharis Broth., consists of only one species: Pseudosymblepharis bombayensis (C. Muell.) Sollman. Although the extremes in the collections (e.g. larger versus smaller plants) at first sight look distinct, intermediates were seen rather frequently. The more variable characters are discussed. Small-sized specimens of Pseudosymblepharis are distinguished from Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. & Tayl.) Lindb., Trichostomum brachydontium Br. and several other species. Twenty-three reductions to synonymy are proposed. Data on distribution and habitat are given. Introduction after a serious revision likely only one pantropical Several names now assigned to Pseudosymble- species will remain. Recently, R.H. Zander (pers. pharis Broth., were mostly originally described comm.) suggested that the genus is in need of a in Trichostomum Br., Tortella (Lindb.) Limpr. and revision. Oxystegus (Limpr.) Hilp. among other genera, and The purpose of this study is: were afterwards often transferred back and forth. 1. to redescribe Pseudosymblepharis based Later, after the creation of the genus Pseudosym- on Asian material; blepharis in 1924, only some of these species 2. to describe the variation observed; were placed in it. 3. to distinguish small-statured material of Seemingly more or less strongly deviating Pseudosymblepharis from Trichostomum plants, often sterile/non-fruiting, were sometimes tenuirostre (Hook. & Tayl.) Lindb., Trichostomum also described as new taxa, even in new genera brachydontium Br. and some other species with like Chionoloma Dix. (in 1922) and which Pseudosymblepharis can be confused: Stephanodictyon Dix. (in 1935), mostly based on 4. to describe the distribution and habitat. very few collections and scrappy material. Within the genus Pseudosymblepharis 14 Short history of the genus species are currently being recognized, of which Brotherus (1924) created the genus 9 species are reported to occur in Asia (Wijk et al. Pseudosymblepharis with three species: P. 1959-1969). circinata Broth. nom. illeg. Norris & Koponen (1989) suggested that (= P. schimperiana (Par.) Crum) from Mexico, P. TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 18 (2000) 130 Sollman papillosula (Card.& Thér.) Broth. (= P. angustata likely confused with smaller states of (Mitt.) Hilp.) from China, and P. pervaginata Pseudosymblepharis. For the differences (Broth.) Broth. (= P. subduriuscula (C. Muell.) between these taxa, see below. Chen) from the Philippines. However, he did not The gametophyte of ten morphologically indicate a type for the genus. rather different collections of Saito (1975, p. 439) selected Pseudosymblepharis Pseudosymblepharis were fully analyzed. Nine papillosula as lectotype. fruiting collections were studied intensively. They Brotherus’ means of distinguishing came from the whole geographical area in Asia. Trichostomum in his key (l.c. p. 249), however, is This material was used for the description given vague. Moreover -in retrospect- he and other below. All collections are housed in L except the authors created too many names in the group Rosario collections that are in GRO. In short (Pseudosymblepharis-Trichostomum). Most new (country + person + number), they are in names were proposed as ‘regional’ taxa, in many alphabetical order of persons: Indonesia, cases based only on one or a few collections and M.Fleischer 125; India, G. Foreau L 980.220.823, L nearly always in a sterile/ non-fruiting state. 981.75.398; China, H. von Handel-Mazzetti 281; Fleischer (1902) noted that Sri Lanka, T. Herzog 1276; Japan, K. Mayebara Pseudosymblepharis angustata (as 287; Malaysia, W. Meijer B. 11.775; Papua New Trichostomum angustatum) is a variable species. Guinea, D.H. Norris 59.229; Indonesia, S.J. van Chen (1941) accepted four species in the Ooststroom 14.362;Philippines,R.M. del Rosario genus, but with reservation (p. 149), mostly due 7261-A , 12.116, 14.610, 15.228-C; Thailand, A. to lack of available material, probably caused by Touw 9368; Philippines, C. M. Weber 1315; war conditions at that time. Indonesia, W.J.J.O. Wilde 14.323; Philippines, B.O. Saito (1975) gave an adequate standard van Zanten 68.3865-I,68.3900-B. description and figure based on Japanese All measurements were done on material specimens, but provided very little information wetted in water for about half an hour or more. on more or less deviating collections. Emphasis is laid here especially on the Eddy (1990) recognized two taxa for characters of the gametophyte. Fruiting plants Malaysia, but with reservations (p. 156). were seen in less than c. 7% of all the collections studied. Material and methods ( fig. 1, 2, 3). In total, circa 800 herbarium collections of Pseudosymblepharis were studied microsco- Description of the genus based on Asiatic pically. Nearly all the material came from Asia and material is housed in GRO and L. In addition, about 300 Plants in cushions or turfs (1-) 2-6 (-10) cm high, collections from other (sub) tropical regions were mostly glossy, olive to golden green above, tan studied, as follows: about 250 from Africa and 40 to brownish in older parts, matted with rhizoids from the Americas. Various type material has also in lower parts; stems mostly oblique- to erect- been studied. ascending, without or with few ramifications, As far as the delimination of branches partly subfloral; outer cortical cells 2- Pseudosymblepharis from Trichostomum, I have 4:1, in longitudinal rows, rectangular, smooth, studied about 70 collections of Trichostomum brownish; in cross-section rounded, fluted, about tenuirostre worldwide, but with a clear (200-) 280-320 µm in diameter, outer cells thick- geographical cluster in Europe and Asia, and walled, brownish, mostly in 2-3 layers, inner cells about 400 specimens of Trichostomum hyaline, about 1:1, central strand mostly absent brachydontium throughout its total range (a or weakly developed; rhizoids and tomentum subcosmopolite). Circa 70 collections of commonly present, often dense, as webs in leaf Trichostomum crispulum Br. were studied, among axils, inserted along the ventral side of the leaf which many were from Europe. insertion, irregular branched, wine-red to Among the few species of Trichostomum brownish, faintly spiculate, about 16-25 (30) µm present in Asia, Trichostomum tenuirostre is most wide in older parts, the younger ones light-brown TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 18 (2000) Revision of Pseudosymblepharis 131 Fig. 1. Leaf shape of medium sized plants. A. position Fig. 2. Leaf shape of small sized plants. of the transitional cells, when present. B. position of the pitted/sinuose cells, when present. to hyaline, nearly smooth, about 8 µm wide; rhizoid portion often one or two times inrolled, especially tubers and gemmae absent; axillary hairs mostly in larger leaves; better developed leaves mostly on the upper stem, to 300 µm high, to 25 cells with an expanded-sheathing base, comprising long, cells each about 2-4:1, all hyaline, in one about 1/5 – 1/10 of the total leaf length, clasping row, thin-walled, not bulging; leaves mostly from the stem; leaves usually regularly arranged along a wider base gradually tapering to a long- or the stem, rather closely set, not rosulate, nor short-acuminate apex, in small and very young capitulate, near apex commonly larger, not or plants sometimes cuspidate-mucronate; usually scarcely decurrent; insertion: forming a vertical more or less fragile, to about 8 mm long, 6-20:1, ‘line’ over the stem; leaves mostly widely U- when moist erect-spreading to (especially in larger shaped near leaf base, V-shaped in mid leaf, in leaves) somewhat reflexed near apex, when dry apex narrowly V-shaped to more rarely about often strongly crispate and circinate, the apical tubulose; a weak longitudinal ascending furrow TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 18 (2000) 132 Sollman Fig. 3. Variation of the leaf base. The weakly demarcated, often somewhat ascending marginal border is left white. The marked area (Y) shows variation in the area of the region with yellowish, mostly pitted, thick-walled cells. H, idem but showing the area of the hyaline leaf base cells. Numbers 1-3 illustrate the more common forms of variation in the shape of the leaf base. Number 4 and 5 were more rarely seen. All figures are on the same scale. Number 1 and 2 from the type of Tortula angustata Mitt. (G. Gardner 134, BM); number 3 from the lectotype of Trichostomum bombayense C. Muell. (Bombay, herb. Kegelianum no. 10.025, H); number 4 from the type of Tortella yünnanensis Broth. (H. von Handel-Mazzetti 281, H); number 5 from the type ofOxystegus crassicostatus Norris & T. Kop., D.H. Norris 59.229, H). sometimes present in the center of the leaf base; of the leaf base mostly pitted-sinuose, commonly lamina commonly unistratose throughout, yellowish, well developed to nearly absent in margins entire, straight or nearly so, plane except small leaves; the non-papillose leaf base cells in for a variably expressed basal undulation, larger leaves mostly gradually merging (often sometimes with some leaves more or less undulate via transitional cells) into the upper papillose throughout, seldom partly bistratose above, cells, in younger and shorter leaves commonly occasionally with some bulging cells or with some more abruptly so; a contrasting marginal border crenulation at apex, more or less involute, margins of varying extent
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