EPA Report: Verified Source: Pestlink Operational Report for Possum, Ship , Stoat Control in the Kahurangi BfoB

09 Sep 2016 - 28 Feb 2017 23/06/2017 Department of Conservation Contents 1. Operation Summary

Operation Name Possum, Ship rat, Stoat Control in Kahurangi BfoB Operation Date 09 Sep 2016 - 28 Feb 2017 District Motueka Region: Northern Pestlink Reference 1617MOT01 Treatment Area Kahurangi BfoB Size (ha) 296403.00 Conservation Unit Name(s) GA Id(s) 2799319

Treatment Block Details Treatment Blocks Size (ha) Gouland 30973.00 Cobb 84210.00 Kakapo 30171.00 Oparara 56995.00 Parapara 43489.00 Wangapeka 51293.00

Contractor Name OSPRI Treatment Dates Start Completion Cobb 22 Sep 2016 24 Nov 2016 Gouland 16 Feb 2017 28 Feb 2017 Kakapo 09 Sep 2016 24 Sep 2016 Oparara 09 Sep 2016 22 Sep 2016 Parapara 02 Dec 2016 24 Feb 2017 Wangapeka 14 Sep 2016 22 Oct 2016

Target Pest Details Target Treatment Blocks Control Method Name Pests Cobb Possum, Pesticide Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Cobb-(2) Ship rat, Stoat Gouland Possum, Pesticide Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Gouland- Ship rat, (1) Stoat Kakapo Possum, Pesticide Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Kakapo- Ship rat, (3) Stoat Oparara Possum, Pesticide Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Oparara- Ship rat, (4) Stoat Parapara Possum, Pesticide Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Parapara- Ship rat, (5) Stoat Wangapeka Possum, Pesticide Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Ship rat, Wangapeka-(6) Stoat

Conservation Outcome(s) The primary objective of the control programme is to respond to a predicted beech mast induced rat population irruption resulting from heavy beech flowering and seeding in the 2015/2016 season. Meeting this objective will provide ecological benefit throughout the entire treatment area. Specific targets are set for whio, rock wren, and Powelliphanta landsnails. Result Target(s) Treatment Area/Block What we got  Reduce rat Cobb 0% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce rat Cobb 1% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce rat Gouland 3.9% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce rat Kakapo 3.6% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce rat Oparara 23% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce rat Parapara 2.4% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce rat Wangapeka 0.4% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)  Reduce stoat Gouland 0% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce stoat Kakapo 0% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce stoat Oparara 0% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce stoat Parapara 0% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce stoat Wangapeka 12% tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

Outcome Targets What we got  Whio: (i) >80% adult female survival, and; (ii) 2016/17 – 10 nest attempts >50% nesting success, of 24 monitored pairs from 26 pairs across with the Wangapeka and Oparara Wangapeka/Oparara management units, in the period from the catchments of which 50% date of the initial 2014 aerial operations until nests successfully hatched at 30 May 2018. least one egg. Nest failures were due to: (3); abandoned (1); infertile eggs (1). 93% adult female survival during the breeding season (post 1080 - 14 of 15 monitored females survived – no 1080 residue detected in the female that died).  Rock wren and kea: Increased survival and nil to date productivity as measured in the two breeding seasons after the operation.

 Powelliphanta landsnails: To have stable or Monitoring still to occur increasing colonies (>10 snails/100m2) of Powelliphanta landsnails

2. Introduction

2.1 TREATMENT AREA

Non-target Common Name Scientific Name

Target benefit species Common Name Scientific Name Chalinolobus tuberculatus Long-tailed bat (South Island) Snail Rhytida oconnori Kea Nestor notabilis Rock Wren Xenicus gilviventris , Whio, mountain Hymenolaimus duck, blue mountain duck malacorhynchos , roa, roroa Apteryx haastii Falco novaeseelandiae Bush falcon, Karearea "bush" Western Weka Gallirallus australis australis Scarlet mistletoe Peraxilla colensoi Red mistletoe, pikirangi, Peraxilla tetrapetala pirirangi, pikiraki, pirita Yellow mistletoe Alepis flavida Powelliphanta gilliesi Large jamesoni Powelliphanta gilliesi Large land snail kahurangica Powelliphanta superba Large land snail harveyi Powelliphanta superba Large land snail mouatae Powelliphanta superba Large land snail prouseorum Powelliphanta superba Large land snail superba Powelliphanta hochstetteri Large land snail anatokiensis Powelliphanta hochstetteri Large land snail anatokiensis red form Powelliphanta hochstetteri Large land snail anatokiensis yellow form Powelliphanta hochstetteri Large land snail hochstetteri brown based Powelliphanta lignaria Large land snail oconnori Powelliphanta hochstetteri Large land snail hochstetteri yellow based Powelliphanta "alpine" Large land snail subsp. "Owen" Snail Powelliphanta "Matiri" Large land snail Powelliphanta annectens Powelliphanta gilliesi Large land snail "Heaphy" South Island Kaka, bush Nestor meridionalis parrot, brown parrot, kawkaw meridionalis

TREATMENT BLOCK DETAILS: Treatment block Gouland The coastal area vegetation is characterised by lush rain-fall and mild climate influenced forests with nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), and northern rata (Metrosideros robusta) a dominant Vegetation type species feature. At increasing altitude, the forest becomes dominated by beech species (red and silver beech [Nothofagus fusca/ menziesii] at lower altitudes and then mountain beech [Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides] at higher altitudes). Southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) becomes increasingly dominant as a secondary species along with Quintinia serrata and Weinmannia racemosa and then as the dominant canopy species towards the interior. At Gouland Downs a complex vegetation mosaic of mountain beech/pink pine forest, manuka shrubland, Dracophyllum spp shrubland, mountain flax shrubland, red tussock scrubland with bog pine Baumea rushland and low fertility pakihi and rockland vegetation. Above c 1300m sublalpine shrubland and tussockland dominate Bioclimatic zone coastal semi-coastal lowland sub-montane montane Climate characteristics: Rainfall 4000 mm Temperature: Average Summer 15.0 Average Winter 8.0 Snow level - m Altitude 10-1550 m The eastern part of the bisects the operational area. This track attracts between 6000-7000 visitors per annum. The frequency of visitors is greatly reduced during the winter period with approximately 1% off the annual total of visitors walking the track in any one of the mid-winter months (May-August). Recreational deer-hunters generally limit their activities to the margins of the operational area at Shakespeare Flat and Kahurangi Point. The coastal route Community and from Anatori River to Kahurangi Point offers limited 4WD Iwi interests access to the operational area and is popular destination during the summer months Approximately 41% of the treatment block (13,098 ha) is within the Wilderness Area with consequent limited public access and use. The operational area encompasses the Heaphy track which generally was the major historical travel route for Golden Bay iwi to access central Westland (primarily for pounamu [greenstone] trading. The pattern of Maori occupation and settlement was overwhelmingly coastal despite resource and travel use of the interior. Middens and general occupation sites are Historic sites clustered around the larger river mouths and estuaries such as the Heaphy and Whanganui (outside the operational area) inlets. Treatment block Cobb The beech species (Nothofagus spp) dominate the forests with silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii) the principle species throughout. Red beech (Nothofagus fusca) is present at lower elevations and within higher fertility thermal bands higher up. With increasing elevation Halls totara (Podocarpus hallii) and occasional mountain cedar (Libocedrus bidwillii) Vegetation type are present as canopy constituents. Southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) is uncommon but increases towards the east. On shallow or poorly drained soils above 1000 m a.s.l. mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides) often forms a mono-specific canopy and a mosaic with sub-alpine tussock-lands and herbfields. Bioclimatic zone sub-montane montane lowland Climate characteristics: Rainfall 3000 mm Temperature: Average Summer 15.0 Average Winter 8.0 Snow level - m Altitude 220-1800 m The Cobb Valley and Mt Arthur Tablelands and adjacent valleys are popular recreational destinations for both trampers and hunters. Fallow deer hunting is focussed in the Cobb Valley and Grecian Stream area with red deer hunting throughout. The block was previously managed as part of the Cobb Recreational Hunting Area. The Cobb Road enables easy vehicular access into the core of the operational area Community and for either day trips or as a departure point to numerous tracks Iwi interests throughout the Cobb and adjacent valleys. Community conservation groups (Friends of Cobb and Friends of Flora) are very active in the area with over 8,000 ha managed with an intensive network of predator (rodent/mustelid) and possum trapping as well as other restoration activities such as kiwi translocation /management and other biodiversity monitoring. There is no known history of usage by Maori or known Maori occupation sites within the operational area. Asbestos Historic sites Cottage is managed as an Historic Site in recognition of the longterm habitation and the adjacent associated asbestos mining in the early 20th century Treatment block Kakapo Forest are dominated by beech-podocarp forest then beech species (red and silver beech [Nothofagus fusca/ menziesii] Vegetation type at lower altitudes and then mountain beech [Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides] at higher altitudes). Southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) becomes increasingly dominant as a secondary species along with Quintinia serrata and Weinmannia racemosa and then as the dominant canopy species towards the interior. Above c 1300m sublalpine shrubland and tussockland dominate Bioclimatic zone lowland sub-montane montane sub-alpine alpine Climate characteristics: Rainfall 4000 mm Temperature: Average Summer 15.0 Average Winter 8.0 Snow level 1200 m Altitude 200-1760 m The pattern of Maori occupation and settlement was Community and overwhelmingly coastal despite resource and travel use of Iwi interests the interior. The Wangapeka was a prominent pre-European travel route between the West Coast and the Nelson region. There are no recorded archaeological sites on or in the Historic sites general vicinity of this area (NZ Archaeological Association database search). Treatment block Oparara The coastal area vegetation is characterised by lush rain-fall and mild climate influenced forests with nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), and northern rata (Metrosideros robusta) a dominant species feature. At increasing altitude and inland the forest becomes dominated by beech-podocarp forest then beech species (red and silver beech [Nothofagus fusca/ menziesii] at lower altitudes and then mountain beech [Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides] at higher altitudes). Southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) becomes increasingly dominant as Vegetation type a secondary species along with Quintinia serrata and Weinmannia racemosa and then as the dominant canopy species towards the interior. At Mackay Downs a complex vegetation mosaic of mountain beech/pink pine forest, manuka shrubland, Dracophyllum spp shrubland, mountain flax shrubland, red tussock scrubland with bog pine Baumea rushland and low fertility pakihi and rockland vegetation. Above c 1300m sublalpine shrubland and tussockland dominate Bioclimatic zone coastal semi-coastal lowland sub-montane montane Climate characteristics: Rainfall 4000 mm Temperature: Average Summer 15.0 Average Winter 8.0 Snow level - m Altitude 5-1640 m The western part of the Heaphy Track bisects the northern part of operational area. This track attracts between 6000- 7000 visitors per annum. The frequency of visitors is greatly reduced during the winter period with approximately 1% off the annual total of visitors walking the track in any one of the mid-winter months (May-August). Recreational deer-hunters generally limit their activities to the margins of the operational Community and area. The Oparara basin is another well visited site in the Iwi interests summer months within the block. Approximately 60% of the treatment block (39,900 ha) is within the Tasman Wilderness Area with consequent limited public access and use. The operational area encompasses the Heaphy track which generally was the major historical travel route for Golden Bay iwi to access central Westland (primarily for pounamu [greenstone] trading. The pattern of Maori occupation and settlement was overwhelmingly coastal despite resource and travel use of Historic sites the interior. Middens and general occupation sites are clustered around the larger river mouths and estuaries such as the Heaphy. Treatment block Parapara The higher altitude forest is dominated by mountain and silver beech. Southern rata is common on ridges and spurs.The Parapara summit ridge supports alpine communities of tussocks and herb fields. Silver, red, and Vegetation type hard beech dominate the lower slopes. Below 400m in the Pariwhakaoho catchment podocarps, beech, Weimannia racemosa, and Quintinia spp., dominate the forest with a diverse under storey. Bioclimatic zone lowland sub-montane montane sub-alpine Climate characteristics: Rainfall 5000 mm Temperature: Average Summer - Average Winter - Snow level 1000 m Altitude 200-1252 m Recreational use is generally low given the difficulty of the terrain. Public access is primarily confined to two walking tracks located in the area with no public huts present within the operational area. The Parapara Peak walking track is a full day return walk to the sub-alpine tops of Parapara Peak. The Boulder Lake track is a low usage track used primarily in summer, with most most trampers continuing in high altitude Community and crossings. The majority of use is during the summer Iwi interests Christmas period. Consessionaires have guided tramping activities in the Boulder Lake area. Some hunting does occur particularly around the lowland eastern and northern boundaries of Kahurangi National Park. Parapara Peak is of considerable significance to local iwi. In the Castles Area there is no known history of usage by Maori or known Maori occupation sites within the operational area. No recorded archaeological sites within area although historic Historic sites gold-mining dams and slucies are present on the boundaries. Treatment block Wangapeka The vegetation is dominated by beech species (mountain, silver, red and hard). At lower altitudes podocarp and Vegetation type broadleaved species are present, including, matai, kamahi, quintinia, and rata. Above c 1300m sublalpine shrubland and tussockland dominate. Bioclimatic zone lowland sub-montane montane sub-alpine alpine Climate characteristics: Rainfall 4000 mm Temperature: Average Summer 15.0 Average Winter 8.0 Snow level 1300 m Altitude 400-1900 m The Wangapeka track bisects the treatment area. This track is popular with day walkers and low numbers of overnight walkers. The limestone and marble kaast areas around Mt Owen attract a high level of interest from speleologists and Community and cavers. The Wangapeka/Fyfe whio security site falls within Iwi interests the Wangapeka Treatment area – which is nationally recognised as a key site for securing the species in the wild. The Wangapeka River is popular with trout fishermen. hunting is popular at the eastern end of the treatment area. Volunteers, including Area School, help maintain stoat traplines in the area to protect whio. The Wangapeka was a major travel route for pre-European Historic sites Maori. There are numerous sites related to gold-mining activities in the Courthouse Flat area.

2.2 MANAGEMENT HISTORY Management history was not chosen to be shown in this operational report. This history is, however, available via Pestlink 3 Outcomes and Targets 3.1 CONSERVATION OUTCOMES The primary objective of the control programme is to respond to a predicted beech mast induced rat population irruption resulting from heavy beech flowering and seeding in the 2015/2016 season. Meeting this objective will provide ecological benefit throughout the entire treatment area. Specific targets are set for whio, rock wren, kea and Powelliphanta landsnails. 3.2 TARGETS 3.2.1 Result Targets The result targets for the treatment area were:  Reduce rat tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

 Reduce stoat tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

3.2.2 Outcome Targets The outcome targets for the treatment area were:  Whio: (i) >80% adult female survival, and; (ii) >50% nesting success, of 24 monitored pairs with the Wangapeka and Oparara management units, in the period from the date of the initial 2014 aerial operations until 30 May 2018.

 Rock wren and kea: Increased survival and productivity as measured in the two breeding seasons after the operation.

 Powelliphanta landsnails: To have stable or increasing colonies (>10 snails/100m2) of Powelliphanta landsnails

4 Consultation, Consents & Notifications 4.1 CONSULTATION Consultation was carried out as an operative split between two separate Communication Plans for the Eastern Kahurangi (primarily Nelson Marlborough/Tasman) and Western Kahurangi (primarily West Coast) sector of the BfoB Kahurangi operation. In effect, the Eastern Kahurangi Communication Plan focussed on target audiences related to the Cobb, Gouland, Parapara and Wangapeka blocks and the Western Kahurangi Communication Plan focussed on the Oparara and Kakapo blocks. The landowner audience was clearly delineated by the respective Communications Plans. Other groups e.g. statutory (local government/public health) iwi, concessionaires, recreational, hunting etc were incorporated across Communication Plans where relevant.

All landowners (n=139 combined), iwi (n=10), concessionaires/WARO (n=99), hunting/fishing (n=9), recreational/interest groups (n=20), were consulted on operational effects (no consultation on options was conducted due to the absence of viable alternatives to aerial 1080) in February 2016. Discussion with NZDA on the national BfoB programme was conducted at a national level between BfoB managers and the NZDA national organisation, in addition to local DOC/NZDA branch communication. Consultation outcomes Due to the similarity of the 2016 BfoB Kahurangi treatment area and the previous 2014 BfoB Kahurangi treatment area, most issues had been raised and addressed for the 2014 operation and were therefore incorporated into the 2016 proposal with minimal additional issues. Epro Deer Repellent (EDR) was used in 9,480 ha of the Cobb Valley/Mt Arthur tablelands area as part of a negotiated agreement with local branches of NZDA and DOC and confirmed by national NZDA and DOC agreed priorities for mitigation for high value recreational hunting areas. One landowner with an affected domestic water supply requested additional notification of the actual completion of the part of the operation affecting this supply. Notice was given by phone within several hours of completion. One landowner with a stock water intake included within the operational area notified DOC of the intention at an unspecified date to convert this supply to a domestic intake. To ensure that the security of this supply was not dependent on subsequent communication the operational boundary was re-drafted to exclude the supply catchment. Regional Fish and Game council raised concerns that the Ministry of Health /DOC advice on 1080 residue in trout and safe consumption levels was not adequate and more research is urgently required. F& G requested reconsideration of waterway setback policies. All these issues were national-level research and policy issues and were referred to the national level management of both DOC and F&G to consider for future operations. Lessons learned Where multiple planning processes are started (in this instance the Western Kahurangi and Eastern Kahurangi management division), the earlier that these separate processes are unified reduces the possible overlap of consultation/notification effort and the excess amount of information received by shared audiences. Issues that are raised and recognised from previous operations and have a national policy element should be discussed and resolved if possible at the appropriate level before operation-specific discussion on this issue is raised (e.g. waterway exclusions for F&G concerns). 4.2 CONSENTS Consent Consent date File Reference Permission ID DOC 11/07/2016 doc-2840626 2817535 16-9640-GRYPH- VTA West Coast 22/08/2016 doc-2857920 CB VTA Tasman 05/08/2016 doc-2846001 16-14-ETM-NELPH RC Western Kahurangi 24/07/2013 docdm-1459813 RC13080 (WCRC) RC Eastern Kahurangi 04/07/2014 docdm-1441679 RC-2014-0115 (WCRC) Leslie- (TDC) 13/05/2011 docdm-1457257 RC11059 Leslie-Karamea (TDC) 01/07/2016 doc-2829259 RC11059-V1 & V2 variation Eastern Kahurangi (WCRC) 01/07/2016 doc-2829257 RC-2014-0115-V1 variation Western Kahurangi (WCRC) 01/07/2106 doc-2829255 RC13080-V5 variation TL Karamea (WCRC) 20/05/2106 doc-2807212 RC-2016-0038-01 Kahurangi (TDC) 21/06/2016 doc-2809453 RM160405

Lessons learned Nil 4.3 NOTIFICATION All required audiences were notified by the primary operational contractor on 7 July 2016 advising that the Kahurangi BfoB operation (up to 330,500 ha) would commence from 25 July 2016. In addition to the target groups contacted as part of the consultation phase, the following groups were included: medical (n=19), education (n=56), agriculture (n=13), veterinarians (n=10), police (n=10), tourism information centres (n=10).

An Important Notice to Visitors (INV) was issued on the DOC website on 15 July 2016. This was updated throughout the duration of the operation at the completion of each individual block. A separate INV was issued 24-48 hrs prior to the commencement of both the prefeed and 1080 phases of all operations (blocks). An Alert Notice was published on the DOC website Heaphy Track page on 15 July 2016 and updated with relevant changes as operations affecting the Heaphy Track were completed.

Public notices were published in seven regional newspapers between 14-20 July 2016. These were re-published four times at intervals (up to 25 February 2017) to ensure compliance with all resource consent and public health permit conditions and with relevant changes as operations were completed over this period.

24 hr notice of intention to apply prefeed and 24 hr notice of intention to apply 1080 was delivered by the operational contractors to all parties included in the notification phase. Separate notifications were sent where either the block was operationally divided (Cobb) or where a second prefeed operation was required (Parapara block). Landowners were notified depending on their location relative to a specific block.

Warning signs were placed at all public entrances to the specific block affected within the larger Kahurangi treatment area and at all DOC overnight facilities within the block. Advisory signs were similarly placed on the Heaphy Track prior to all prefeed operations, advising the public of the non-toxic nature of the prefeed baits, and the possibility of the toxic operation occurring at short notice after at least 5 days. DOC staff were deployed at all huts on the Heaphy Track during all prefeed and 1080 phases to further advise track users of the operations. DOC staff were deployed at both entrances to the Heaphy Track from 24 hrs prior to the start of operation affecting the Nelson/Marlborough region in accordance with relevant public health permit conditions. Lessons learned As occurred for some 2014 BfoB operations advisory notices were installed at selected entrances into the control area to advise track users that a 1080 operation was imminent and that tracks could be closed at short notice at an unspecified date. These notices were placed immediately before the prefeed operation to inform users of the nature of the baits on the tracks and alleviate any concerns about these pellets being toxic. This is an effective method of advising the public well in a targeted way. This step could be considered as a standard procedure and a notice template drafted for consistency of information delivery and presentation. Due to the interval between the original discovery of active concessionaires (DOC Permissions Database) for consultation purposes and the completion of the operation (c. 12 months) changes, notably additions to this list, were unable to be easily obtained and there was a risk of active concessionaires not being notified. If the interval between consultation and pre-op notification is lengthy, then an exhaustive Permissions Database update should be considered as necessary. Prefeed advisory notices placed at high public use sites e.g. Heaphy Track (as in BfoB 2014) again proved to be an effective means to inform the public of aspects related to the immediate operation (prefeed) and impending operation (1080). Prefeed advisory notices are recommended for placement at identified high use areas.

5 Methods 5.1 TARGET SPECIES

Treatment Block Gouland Control method Name Target pest species Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Gouland-(1) Ship rat Stoat

Target Pest Treatment Block Control Method Name Species Gouland Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Gouland-(1) Ship rat Stoat Trade name of pesticide 0.15% 1080 Pellets RS5 Name of pesticide Sodium fluoroacetate Type of bait Cereal pellet Toxic loading 1.5 g/kg Bait quality sampling Not Conducted Bait Details Pre-feed Toxic Bait type Cereal pellet Cereal pellet Lure/ mask/ deterrent Cinnamon Cinnamon Lure/ mask/ deterrent 0.15% 0.30% Dye None Green Individual Bait Weight 6.0g 6.0g

Sowing Rate Details Pre-feed Toxic Wind Wind Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Speed Speed 16/02/2017 1.50 Light South 28/02/2017 1.50 Calm South

Time between pre-feed and 12 toxic End of Caution Period Date 28/10/2017 Aircraft type Squirrel AS 350 Other Iroquois Jet Ranger Number of Aircraft 5

Sowing gear details Description Capacity Broadcast spinner buckets with 6g pellet 0 kg effective swaths tabulated above. Designated aircraft for trickle sow with nominal effective swath of 10m.

Type of navigational guidance TracMap & Sat Loc system used

Loading Method. 300 kg bags loaded from flat deck bait transport via HIAB to i) hopper on Loading Method mobile tractor loader and delivery to nearby bucket loading site or ii) direct to helicopter sowing bucket

Complaints and Incidents Nil Other Details about this method Extended (from 50 m to 200m) trickle sow width area around hut exclusions (PHP exclusion area + operational buffer) adhered to in accordance with amendments to the Operational Plan to meet NM HPO requirements for additional steps to maintain exclusion zone security (refer Cobb Treatment Block Complaints and Incidents comment). Deviations from planned operation Location of planned LZ at formed airstrip changed to adjacent paddock due to sand encroachment of access road. Same landowner (no landowner permission issues) but less secure and more publicly accessible/visible. Lessons Learned A single trickle sow swathe was applied between the coastal boundary and the outer broadcast swathe in an attempt to reduce the area untreated at the coastal margins as occurred in BfoB 2014. The available corridor (50 m additional) meant that the actual swath was often applied directly adjacent to the outer edge of the mapped broadcast swathe and effectively providing little (10 m) additional coverage. Expense and time not warranted. Consider alternatives to enable bait application to the coast (consent issues to be considered).

Treatment Block Cobb Control method Name Target pest species Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Cobb-(2) Ship rat Stoat

Target Pest Treatment Block Control Method Name Species Cobb Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Cobb- Possum (2) Ship rat Stoat Trade name of pesticide 0.15% 1080 Pellets RS5 Name of pesticide Sodium fluoroacetate Type of bait Cereal pellet Toxic loading 1.5 g/kg Bait quality sampling Not Conducted Bait Details Pre-feed Toxic Bait type Cereal pellet Cereal pellet Lure/ mask/ deterrent Aniseed Aniseed Lure/ mask/ deterrent 0.15% 0.30% Dye None Green Individual Bait Weight 6.0g 6.0g

Sowing Rate Details Pre-feed Toxic Wind Wind Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Speed Speed 22/09/2016 1.50 Light SE 08/11/2016 1.50 Moderate SW 23/09/2016 1.50 Light SE 22/11/2016 1.50 Moderate SW 24/09/2016 1.50 Light SE 24/11/2016 1.50 Calm SW

Time between pre-feed and 45 toxic End of Caution Period Date 24/07/2017 Aircraft type Iroquois Jet Ranger Hughes 500D or E Squirrel AS 350 Other Number of Aircraft 11

Sowing gear details Description Capacity Broadcast spinner buckets with 6g pellet 0 kg effective swaths tabulated above. Designated aircraft for trickle sow with nominal effective swath of 10m.

Type of navigational guidance TracMap system used

Loading Method. 300 kg bags loaded from flat deck bait transport via HIAB to i) hopper on Loading Method mobile tractor loader and delivery to nearby bucket loading site or ii) direct to helicopter sowing bucket

Complaints and Incidents Three incidents of bait overflight (breach of PHP exclusion boundary at three DOC huts) were reported during the Cobb North sub-block operation. All incidents were reported in accordance with all regulatory requirements. An Incident Case Report for each incident was produced by OSPRI and provided to all regulatory authorities (EPA, TDC, NM HPU, DOC). These reports summarised the key findings/causes as: i) Incident 1. Waingaro Forks Hut. Wind drift of bait while applying infill swaths near hut at higher altitude after previously successful parallel trickle sow and broadcast swaths ii) Incident 2. Sopers Shelter: Pilot error. Major contribution was the mapping definition in TracMap where normally the bait application area and the consent exclusion zones are mapped separately. For this operation, the exclusion void did not map the OSPRI buffer area and was therefore different resulting in pilot confusion. Incident 3. Anatoki Forks Hut: Pilot error and wind drift. No initial parallel exclusion swath was carried out by pilot 1 due to concerns about wind drift. Pilot 2 was requested later to return to apply to gaps. No communication Pilot 1 to operations managers and Pilot 2 about wind concerns and additional pressure on Pilot 2 to complete. iii) Wind speeds reported at the LZ during the operation were moderate (11-15 kts/ 20-28km/hr) but reported by pilots to be lower within the block. However, gusts (16-20kts) were also reported- and increasing throughout the day. The OSPRI (Aircare) guidelines were applied for this operation. Other Details about this method 1. Epro Deer Repellant (EDR) was used in 9,480 ha of the Cobb Valley/Mt Arthur tablelands area as part of a negotiated agreement with NZDA and expanded from 2014 BfoB Cobb EDR area. All other bait/application specifications remained as specified above. 2. A DOC Science and Policy research trial was conducted within the Cobb Block. The aim was to investigate the effects on rodent kill rates of changes to the mean sow rate (kg/ha) by changes to the bait flow rate and reductions in flight path spacing. Four experimental treatment blocks were mapped and bait applied by dedicated aircraft as discrete blocks. Each of the 4 blocks (2x replicates for each treatment) was centred on existing FTT lines to enable monitoring of effects. Deviations from planned operation Due the size of the entire Cobb block and the additional complexity of the S&P research bait application trial, the treatment area was divided into two sub-blocks after the prefeed operation to enable completion of each sub-block within a 2-day operational period. The division of the treatment was designed to maintain the integrity of the bait application trial as far as practicable. This resulted in a Cobb North block (32,640 ha: toxic operation on 8/11/2016) and Cobb South block (51,459 ha: toxic operation on 22 & 24/11/2016). Due to the bait overflight incidents during the Cobb North operation, the trickle sow width area around hut exclusions (PHP exclusion area + operational buffer) was extended (from 50 m to 200m) for the Cobb South block (and subsequent related BfoB 2016 operations) in accordance with amendments to the Operational Plan to meet NM HPO requirements for additional steps to maintain exclusion zone security. Lessons Learned 1. The S&P research bait application trial was introduced at a late stage of the operational planning. This required re-negotiation of contracts DOC-OSPRI- Contractors resulting in contract and planning finalisation delays (and subsequent operational delays). This trial was also established in the largest of all BfoB operations with sub-block (+EDR) complications, adding further complexity and risk. Similar trials should be introduced no later than the initial contract planning stages only, and at less complex operations. 2. Bait overflight. i) Maximum wind speed levels at boundaries (11 kts/20 km/hr) should be especially enforced and reported on by pilots. Review and consider how gusts affect determination of average wind speeds for sensitive areas ii) Reiterate to pilots that when applying bait at consent boundaries during parallel swaths and adjacent infill swaths to remain at low altitude to reduce wind drift effects iii) Reiterate to pilots the requirement for parallel swaths before infill iv) Reiterate to pilots the importance of communication to operations manager of all effects/events/departures from plan & procedures. v) Assessment of benefits/risks of return gap filling to consider all factors (clear communication of all possible factors influencing risks from pilots) vi) All shapefiles in DGPS system (exclusion voids and treatment file) to be the same. vii) Discuss all above at pilot briefing

Treatment Block Kakapo Control method Name Target pest species Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Kakapo-(3) Ship rat Stoat

Target Pest Treatment Block Control Method Name Species Kakapo Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Kakapo-(3) Ship rat Stoat Trade name of pesticide 0.15% 1080 Pellets RS5 Name of pesticide Sodium fluoroacetate Type of bait Cereal pellet Toxic loading 1.5 g/kg Bait quality sampling Not Conducted Bait Details Pre-feed Toxic Bait type Cereal pellet Cereal pellet Lure/ mask/ deterrent Cinnamon Cinnamon Lure/ mask/ deterrent 0.15% 0.30% Dye None Green Individual Bait Weight 6.0g 12.0g

Sowing Rate Details Pre-feed Toxic Wind Wind Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Speed Speed 09/09/2016 1.50 Unknown Nil 23/09/2016 1.50 Light SE 10/09/2016 1.50 Unknown Nil 24/09/2016 1.50 Light SE

11/09/2016 1.50 Unknown Nil

Time between pre-feed and 12 toxic End of Caution Period Date - Aircraft type Squirrel AS 350 Hughes 500NT Number of Aircraft 5 Sowing gear details Description Capacity The aircraft used a mixture of legless and 0 kg legged buckets

Type of navigational guidance Satloc and Tracmap system used

Bulk bags were loaded into 4-wheel drive Loading Method loaders with dummy hoppers

Complaints and Incidents The landowner where pre-feeding was undertaken refused permission to fly the toxic bait from his land after he noted the tracks left in the paddock by the loader and the risk to his farm from future use of the paddock. A protester trespassed onto private property to stop bait being transferred from one truck to another. Other Details about this method na Deviations from planned operation A new loading site was found to complete the toxic bait application Lessons Learned Informing landowners of the chance of damage to paddocks and the potential risks to the farming operation is vital to ensure the landowner can make an informed decision. In this case the farmer thought we were flying from the road reserve, when the Department wanted it flown off the road reserve. When the farmer saw where loading was taking place he withdrew is permission.

Treatment Block Oparara Control method Name Target pest species Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Oparara-(4) Ship rat Stoat

Target Pest Treatment Block Control Method Name Species Oparara Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Oparara-(4) Ship rat Stoat Trade name of pesticide 0.15% 1080 Pellets RS5 Name of pesticide Sodium fluoroacetate Type of bait Cereal pellet Toxic loading 1.5 g/kg Bait quality sampling Not Conducted Bait Details Pre-feed Toxic Bait type Cereal pellet Cereal pellet Lure/ mask/ deterrent Cinnamon Cinnamon Lure/ mask/ deterrent 0.30% 0.30% Dye Green Green Individual Bait Weight 6.0g 6.0g

Sowing Rate Details Pre-feed Toxic Wind Wind Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Speed Speed 09/09/2016 1.50 Unknown Nil 21/09/2016 1.50 Calm SE 10/09/2016 1.50 Unknown Nil 22/09/2016 1.50 Calm SE

11/09/2016 1.50 Unknown Nil

Time between pre-feed and 10 toxic End of Caution Period Date - Aircraft type Hughes 500NT Squirrel AS 350 Number of Aircraft 4 Sowing gear details Description Capacity The aircraft used a mixture of legless and 0 kg legged buckets

Type of navigational guidance Satloc and Tracmap system used

Bulk bags were loaded into 4-wheel drive Loading Method loaders with dummy hoppers

Complaints and Incidents - Protesters tried to drive through the security cordon while following a bait truck into the site, and damaged a vehicle rented by the security company. - Protesters drove past security in a different vehicle from the previous incident through the farm and walked to the loading site via an old logging road prior to wash down of the loading site being completed. They left the loading site when the crew arrived to complete wash down. Other Details about this method na Deviations from planned operation nil Lessons Learned The size of the loading site restricted the number of aircraft that were able to operate from the old mill site. There is a large rata that limits aircraft ability to operate in the limited space. The amount and type of aircraft that can fit into this site does limit the capacity of bait that can be flown from here. While the Oparara road is closed it should be sown over and cleared. There was some confusion created when the road could not be flown over to avoid flying over the carpark no fly zone. If there is a no-fly zone this should be added into the aircraft GPS as a no fly area to remove any doubt and ensure pilots. No fly zones need to be included in any tender documents as they have the ability to affect aircraft efficiencies. Security need to ensure that unauthorised persons do not gain access to the loading site through the old road on the Lowe Farm.

Treatment Block Parapara Control method Name Target pest species Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Parapara-(5) Ship rat Stoat

Target Pest Treatment Block Control Method Name Species Parapara Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Parapara-(5) Ship rat Stoat Trade name of pesticide 0.15% 1080 Pellets RS5 Name of pesticide Sodium fluoroacetate Type of bait Cereal pellet Toxic loading 1.5 g/kg Bait quality sampling Not Conducted Bait Details Pre-feed Toxic Bait type Cereal pellet Cereal pellet Lure/ mask/ deterrent Cinnamon Cinnamon Lure/ mask/ deterrent 0.15% 0.30% Dye None Green Individual Bait Weight 6.0g 6.0g

Sowing Rate Details Pre-feed Toxic Wind Wind Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Speed Speed 02/12/2016 1.50 Calm North 24/02/2017 1.50 Light North

03/12/2016 1.50 Light SW 15/02/2017 1.50 Light NW 16/02/2017 1.50 Calm SW

Time between pre-feed and 8 toxic End of Caution Period Date 24/10/2017 Aircraft type Squirrel AS 350 Other Iroquois Number of Aircraft 6

Sowing gear details Description Capacity Broadcast spinner buckets with 6g pellet 0 kg effective swaths tabulated above. Designated aircraft for trickle sow with nominal effective swath of 10m

Type of navigational guidance TracMap, SatLoc system used

300 kg bags loaded from flat deck bait transport via HIAB to i) hopper on mobile tractor loader Loading Method and delivery to nearby bucket loading site or ii) direct to helicopter sowing bucket

Complaints and Incidents Nil Other Details about this method Extended (from 50 m to 200m) trickle sow width area around hut exclusions (PHP exclusion area + operational buffer) adhered to in accordance with amendments to the Operational Plan to meet NM HPO requirements for additional steps to maintain exclusion zone security (refer Cobb Treatment Block Complaints and Incidents comment) Deviations from planned operation The first prefeed was carried out on 2-3/12/16. An extension of one week to the NM PHP was granted until 16/12/16 after which a new PHP was obtained for the duration of the school holidays. This required exclusions at the Heaphy, Boulder Lake and Parapara Peak tracks. By mid-January 2017, the prefeed-toxic interval was deemed to be too long (exceeding BP guidelines of less than 6 weeks). A second prefeed operation was required. The c.100 ha area of the rock wren research at Lake Aorere (prefed on 2-3/12/16) was not included in the toxic phase due to the delay which negated any value of the research of 1080 effects on rock wren. Lessons Learned -

Treatment Block Wangapeka Control method Name Target pest species Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Wangapeka-(6) Ship rat Stoat

Target Pest Treatment Block Control Method Name Species Wangapeka Pesticide - Aerial Pesticide - Aerial in Possum Wangapeka-(6) Ship rat Stoat Trade name of pesticide 0.15% 1080 Pellets RS5 Name of pesticide Sodium fluoroacetate Type of bait Cereal pellet Toxic loading 1.5 g/kg Bait quality sampling Not Conducted Bait Details Pre-feed Toxic Bait type Cereal pellet Cereal pellet Lure/ mask/ deterrent Cinnamon Cinnamon Lure/ mask/ deterrent 0.15% 0.30% Dye None Green Individual Bait Weight 6.0g 6.0g

Sowing Rate Details Pre-feed Toxic Wind Wind Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Date Rate(kg/ha) Direction Speed Speed 14/09/2016 1.50 Unknown Nil 22/10/2016 1.50 Calm North

Time between pre-feed and 38 toxic End of Caution Period Date 22/04/2017 Aircraft type Squirrel AS 350 Iroquois Other Number of Aircraft 6 Sowing gear details Description Capacity Broadcast spinner buckets with 6g pellet 0 kg effective swaths tabulated above. Designated aircraft for trickle sow with nominal effective swath of 10m

Type of navigational guidance TracMap SatLoc system used

300 kg bags loaded from flat deck bait transport via HIAB to i) hopper on mobile tractor loader Loading Method and delivery to nearby bucket loading site or ii) direct to helicopter sowing bucket

Complaints and Incidents nil Other Details about this method na Deviations from planned operation The toxic Operation was carried out over Labour Weekend (Public holiday) with last minute approval for this change in plans from Public Health in order to take advantage of a good weather window at the limit of the 6 week best practice time- frame between prefeed and toxic. We had one complaint about closing the tracks over Labour Weekend – which was dealt with immediately in a professional manner. Lessons Learned - Have a professional road sign constructed for future Ops – warning drivers turning up the Wangapeka Road of road closure ahead (at Dart River Ford). - Remove excess gravel from Dart River Ford immediately prior to the Operation to reduce risk of access restrictions due to flooding (this Ford is no longer maintained by the Council).

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 5.2.1 Effects on Non-Target Species na Performance standard(s) Followed ? Monitored ? No kea deaths attributed to toxic bait Yes consumption

Effectiveness of performance standards NA

Bykill of non-target species 20 kea monitored - all survived A West Coast bush weta (Hemideina broughi) was collected on the Heaphy Track on 8 /3/17 (15 days after the Parapara 1080 operation). A toxicological analysis (LCR) was carried out with a result of presence of Fluoroacetate at 2.7 micrograms/gram. 5.2.2 Effects on Soil and Water Quality - Effects on Soil and Water Quality Not Applicable 5.2.3 Effects on Ecosystems - Effects on Ecosystems Not Applicable 5.2.4 Effects on Human Health - Effects on Human Health Not Applicable 6 Monitoring Results and Outcomes 6.1 RESULT MONITORING - TARGET SPECIES Result target(s) Reduce rat tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI) Reduce stoat tracking indices at all surveyed sites within the aerial treatment area to less than 5% Footprint Tunnel Index (FTI)

6.1.1 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Ship rat - Rattus rattus in Cobb Monitor method details Standard method Deviations Nil Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Oct 2016 Nov 2016 Results 53.8% 1%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned Nil 6.1.2 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Stoat - Mustela erminea in Cobb Monitor method details Standard method Deviations Nil Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates July 2016 Nov/Dec 2016 Results 0% 0%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned Nil 6.1.3 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Ship rat - Rattus rattus in Gouland Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Dec 2016 Mar 2017 Results 53.3% 3.9%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.4 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Ship rat - Rattus rattus in Kakapo Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Aug 2016 Nov 2106 Results 27.7% 3.6%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.5 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Ship rat - Rattus rattus in Oparara Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Aug 2016 Nov 2016 Results 50.1% 23%

Result target met? No Lessons Learned na 6.1.6 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Ship rat - Rattus rattus in Parapara Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Feb 2017 Mar 2017 Results 43.2% 2.4%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.7 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Ship rat - Rattus rattus in Wangapeka Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Oct 2016 Dec 2016 Results 44.7% 0.4%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.8 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Stoat - Mustela erminea in Gouland Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Dec 2016 Mar 2017 Results 14.3% 0%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.9 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Stoat - Mustela erminea in Kakapo Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Aug 2016 Nov 2016 Results 11.4% 0%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.10 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Stoat - Mustela erminea in Oparara Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Aug 2016 Nov 2016 Results 0% 0%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.11 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Stoat - Mustela erminea in Parapara Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Dec 2016 Mar 2016 Results 35.1% 0%

Result target met? Yes Lessons Learned na 6.1.12 Target Species Tracking tunnels Monitoring Method: Species monitored Stoat - Mustela erminea in Wangapeka Monitor method details Standard method Deviations na Target pest result details Pre During/Post Monitoring dates Jul 2016 Dec 2016 Results 27.6% 12%

Result target met? No Lessons Learned na

6.2 RESULT MONITORING - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 6.2.1 Non Target Species Monitoring of: Kea Monitor Method details Radio tagged birds Deviations Nil Monitoring dates - Results 20 kea monitored - all survived Lessons Learned Nil Monitoring of: General by-kill Monitor Method details General ground search Deviations nil Monitoring dates na Results A West Coast bush weta (Hemideina broughi) was collected on the Heaphy Track on 8 /3/17 (15 days after the Parapara 1080 operation). A toxicological analysis (LCR) was carried out with a result of presence of Fluoroacetate at 2.7 micrograms/gram. Lessons Learned na

6.2.2 Soil and Water Quality No monitoring of soil and water quality was undertaken. 6.2.3 Ecosystems No monitoring of ecosystems was undertaken. 6.2.4 Human Health No monitoring of human health was undertaken.

6.3 OUTCOME MONITORING Outcome targets Whio: (i) >80% adult female survival, and; (ii) >50% nesting success, of 24 monitored pairs with the Wangapeka and Oparara management units, in the period from the date of the initial 2014 aerial operations until 30 May 2018. Rock wren and kea: Increased survival and productivity as measured in the two breeding seasons after the operation. Powelliphanta landsnails: To have stable or increasing colonies (>10 snails/100m2) of Powelliphanta landsnails

6.3.1 Outcome monitoring : Blue duck, Whio, mountain duck, blue mountain duck - Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos Monitoring Method(s) Monitoring information due na date Monitoring contact name Method details Nest monitoring Monitoring dates Outcome Results 2016/17 – 10 nest attempts from 26 pairs across Wangapeka/Oparara catchments of which 50% nests successfully hatched at least one egg. Nest failures were due to: weka (3); abandoned (1); infertile eggs (1). 93% adult female survival during the breeding season (post 1080 - 14 of 15 monitored females survived – no 1080 residue detected in the female that died). Outcome target met? Yes Lessons Learned nil 6.3.2 Outcome monitoring : Kea - Nestor notabilis Rock Wren - Xenicus gilviventris Monitoring Method(s) Monitoring information due na date Monitoring contact name Method details Tagged birds & nest monitoring Monitoring dates Outcome Results nil to date Outcome target met? Monitoring incomplete Lessons Learned nil 6.3.3 Outcome monitoring : Large land snail - Powelliphanta "alpine" subsp. "Owen" Large land snail - Powelliphanta annectens Large land snail - Powelliphanta gilliesi "Heaphy" Large land snail - Powelliphanta gilliesi jamesoni Large land snail - Powelliphanta gilliesi kahurangica Large land snail - Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis Large land snail - Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis red form Large land snail - Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis yellow form Large land snail - Powelliphanta hochstetteri hochstetteri brown based Large land snail - Powelliphanta hochstetteri hochstetteri yellow based Large land snail - Powelliphanta lignaria oconnori Large land snail - Powelliphanta superba harveyi Large land snail - Powelliphanta superba mouatae Large land snail - Powelliphanta superba prouseorum Large land snail - Powelliphanta superba superba Snail - Powelliphanta "Matiri" Monitoring Method(s) Monitoring information due na date Monitoring contact name Method details Standard snail plots Monitoring dates Outcome Results Monitoring still to occur Outcome target met? Monitoring incomplete Lessons Learned nil