Final Report
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Local Calibration of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Software for Wisconsin SPR #0092-09-30 SPR #0092-09-31 Final Report presented to: Wisconsin Department of Transportation Submitted by: Transportation Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Marquette University P.O. Box 1881 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881 August 2012 Disclaimer This research was funded through the Wisconsin Highway Research Program by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration under Projects # 0092-09-30 and 0092-09-31. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration at the time of publication. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of the document. i Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No 3. Recipient’s Catalog No 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Local Calibration of the Mechanistic Empirical Design Software for August 2012 Wisconsin 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report No. James A. Crovetti & Kathleen T Hall 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Department of Civil, Construction and Environment Engineering Marquette University 11. Contract or Grant No. P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 0092-09-30, 0092-09-31 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Wisconsin Department of Transportation Final Report Division of Business Management June 2009 - 2012 Research & Library Unit 4802 Sheboygan Ave. Rm 104 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Madison, WI 53707 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract The Wisconsin Department of Transportation is in the process of implementing the mechanistic‐empirical pavement design process. Considerable resources have been invested in local material characterization. An initial implementation study sponsored by WisDOT focused on Long‐Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) sites for model verification and local calibration. LTPP sites were used because they had readily available traffic, climate, subgrade, materials, pavement structure and performance data. A more robust local calibration is being undertaken in Wisconsin to fully realize the potential benefits of the mechanistic‐empirical design process. Factors affecting the performance of high‐type, rural JPCP and HMA pavements were investigated during this study using data contained in the WisDOT pavement information files and the Meta Manager traffic database. Key parameters were identified and a targeted filed study of nine hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement sections and nine jointed concrete pavement (JCP) sections was implemented to provide data necessary for the local calibration of the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design software for high‐type rural facilities in Wisconsin. Modifications to the default calibration factors relating to HMA rutting and alligator cracking and JCP slab cracking were shown to provide pavement performance predictions which were in line with observed field performance at the 50% and 90% reliability levels. The results presented in this report were generated using the evaluation version 1.0 of the mechanistic empirical pavement design software. Additional calibration efforts using the recently released DARWin‐ME software will be required to extend these results to routine pavement design evaluations. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Mechanistic empirical pavement design, pavement performance, hot mix asphalt, jointed concrete No restriction. This document is available to the public pavement. through the National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield VA 22161 18. Security Classif.(of this report) 19. Security Classif. (of this page) 20. No. of Pages 21. Price Unclassified Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 – Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and Problem Statement ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Objectives ...................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Scope of Work .............................................................................................................. 1 1.4 Organization OF Final Report ...................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 – MEPDG Overview ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Performance Models ..................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Revisions to MEPDG Models and Software ................................................................. 6 2.4 Reliability ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.5 Input Levels .................................................................................................................. 8 2.6 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.7 Traffic ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.8 Sensitivity Analysis ...................................................................................................... 9 2.9 Annotated Bibliography .............................................................................................. 12 Chapter 3 – Database Development and Project Selection ............................................................ 13 3.1 Databases .................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 Meta Manager Database ............................................................................. 14 3.1.2 Pavement Inventory Files ........................................................................... 14 3.1.3 New Construction Reports .......................................................................... 15 3.2 Database Merge .......................................................................................................... 15 3.3 JPCP Database Development ...................................................................................... 17 3.4 HMA Database Development ..................................................................................... 17 3.5 Project Site Visits ........................................................................................................ 20 Chapter 4 – Laboratory Testing of Pavement Materials ................................................................ 22 4.1 Modulus of Rupture of Concrete Materials ................................................................ 22 4.1.1 Sample Preparation and Testing ................................................................. 24 4.2 Compression Testing ................................................................................................. 26 4.3 Modulus of Elasticity Testing ..................................................................................... 29 4.3.1 Modulus of Elasticity Correlations ............................................................. 31 4.4 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Testing ................................................................. 32 4.5 HMA Testing .............................................................................................................. 35 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) Chapter 5 – M-E PDG Performance Model Calibration and Sensitivity ....................................... 39 5.1 Rutting in HMA Pavements ........................................................................................ 39 5.1.1 Permanent Deformation in Asphalt Mixtures ............................................ 39 5.1.2 Permanent Deformation in the Granular Base and Subgrade .................... 47 5.2 Load-Related Cracking in HMA Pavements ............................................................. 51 5.2.1 Longitudinal (Top-Down) Cracking in HMA Pavements ......................... 57 5.2.2 Alligator (Bottom-Up) Cracking in HMA Pavements ............................... 60 5.3 Thermal Cracking in HMA Pavements ...................................................................... 63 5.4 IRI in HMA Pavements ............................................................................................. 67 5.5 Joint Faulting in JPCP ................................................................................................ 70 5.6 Cracking in JPCP ......................................................................................................