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IS 2185-4 (2008): Concrete masonry units, Part 4: Preformed foam cellular concrete blocks [CED 53: Cement Matrix Products]
“ ान एक न भारत का नम ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
“ ान एक ऐसा खजाना जो कभी च राया नह जा सकताह ै”ै Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
Indian Standard CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS - SPECIFICATION PART 4 PREFORMED FOAM CELLULAR CONCRETE BLOCKS
res 91.080.30; 91.loo.30
© BIS 2008 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002
May 2008 Price Group 7 Cement Matrix Products Sectional Committee, CED 53
FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 4) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Cement Matrix Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Concrete masonry already extensively used in building construction abroad, is now making considerable headway in this country, because of many advantages, such as durability, strength, structural stability, fire resistance, insulation and sound absorption it possesses. Concrete masonry construction is also economical because of the following aspects: a) The units are relatively large and true in size and shape. This ensures rapid construction so that more wall is laid per man-hour than in other types of wall constructions; b) Fewer joints result in considerable saving in mortar as compared to normal masonry construction, and also in increasing the strength of the wall; and c) The true plain surfaces obtained obviate necessity of plaster for unimportant buildings situated in low rainfall areas. Even when plaster is used for any reason the quantity required for satisfactory coverage is significantly small. Concrete masonry has attractive appearance and is readily adaptable to any type of architecture. It lends itself to a wide variety ofsurface finishes for both exterior and interior walls. It may also be finished with cement plaster, gauged with lime or a plasticizer. Concrete masonry units provide a strong mechanical key uniting the concrete masonry backing and the plaster finish in a strong permanent bond. Cellular concrete is a class of material, which has been developed commercially abroad and is coming in vogue in this country also. This standard is intended for foamed concrete masonry blocks manufactured at site/factories, using preformed stable foam. Foamed concrete in the form ofblocks or poured in-situ is used for thermal insulation over flat roofs or for cold storage walls or as non-load bearing walls in RCC/steel framed buildings or for load bearing walls for low-rise buildings; as backing for other types offacing materials, for piers, pilasters and columns; for retaining walls, garden walls, chimneys and fire places etc. The provision pertaining to use of low density preformed foamed cellular lightweight concrete blocks for thermal insulation produced using preformed stable foam are covered under IS 6598 : 1972 'Cellularconcrete for thermal in solution'. This standard covers application of medium and high density blocks for partitions and load bearing walls . This standard is a part ofa series ofstandards formulat~d on concrete masonry units. The other parts in this series are: Part I Hollow and solid concrete blocks, Part 2 Hollow and solid lightweight concrete blocks, and Part 3 Autoclaved cellular (aerated) concrete blocks. . The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of the standard is given in Annex H. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard, is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revisedi' . The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008 Indian Standard CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS - SPECIFICATION PART 4 PREFORMED FOAM CELLULAR CONCRETE BLOCKS
1 SCOPE and then subseq uently dried to constant length, all under spec ified conditions: expressed as a percentage This standard (Part 4) co vers the req uirements of of the dry length of the specimen. cellular con crete blocks produced under ambient cond ition s using preformed stab le foam and having 3.5 GrossArea - The total area occupied by the block den sity from 800 kg/m '' to I 800 kg/rn': and primarily on its bedding face, including areas ofcavities and end used for the con struction of load be aring and non-load rece sses. bearing walls . 3.6 Height - The vertical dimension of the exposed 2 REFERENCES face of a block, excluding any tongue or other device designed to provide mechanical keying. The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions which through reference in th is te xt , constitute 3.7 Length - The horizontal dimension of the exposed provi sion s of this standard. At the time of publication, face of a block, excluding any tongue or other device the editions indicated were valid. All standards are de signed to provide mechanical keying. subject to revision and parties to agreements based on 3.8 Width - The external dimension of a block at the thi s standard are en couraged to in ve stigate the bedding plane , mea sured at right angles to the length possibility of applying the most recent editions of the and height of the block. standa rds indicated at Ann ex A. 4 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES 3 TERMINOLOGY 4.1 Concrete masonry units shall be made in sizes and For th e purpose of this sta nd ard , the fo ll owing shapes to fit different construction needs. They include definitions shall apply. stretcher, comer, double comer or pier, jamb, header, 3.1 Cellular Concrete - The cell ular concrete bull nose and partition block and floor units. referred here is concrete which contains stable air or 4.2 Concrete block shall be referred to by its nominal It gas cells uniformly distributed in the mix. is a product d imensions. The term ' nomina l' means that the consisting of Portland cement, silica, pozzolana or dimension includes the thickness of the mortar joint. pastes containing blends of these ingredients and Actual dimensions (length and height) shall be 10 mm having homogeneous void or cell structure, attained short of the nominal dimension (or 6 mm short in with preformed stable foam. The air cells are usually special ca ses where finer jointing is specified). added at the mixer as stable preformed foam metered from a calibrated nozzle and thoroughly blended into 4.2.1 The nominal dimensions of the concrete blocks the mix. In preformed foam cellular concrete the shall be as follows: density control is achieved by sub stituting macroscopic Length 400, 500 or 600 mm air cell s for all or part of the fine aggregate. Normal Height 250 or 300 mm weight coarse aggregate is usually not used . Width IDO, 150, zoo or 250 mm 3.2 Block - A concrete masonry unit, anyone of external dimensions of which is greater than the In add ition, block shall be manufactured in halflengths corresponding dimension of a brick as specified in of200, 250 or 300 mm to correspond to the full lengths. IS 3952 and of such size and mass as to permit it to be The nominal dimensions of the unit s are so designed handled by one man. Further more to avoid confusion that taking account ofthe thickness ofthe mort ar joints with slabs and panels, the height of the block shall not they should produce wall lengths and heights which exceed either its length or six time s its width. should conform to the principle of modular co 3.3 Block Density - The density calcul ated by dividing ordination. the mass of an oven dry block by the overall volume, 4.2.2 Blocks ofsizes other than those spec ified in 4.2.1 including the holes or cavities and end recesses. may also be used, if so agreed between purchaser and 3.4 Drying Shrinkage - The difference between the manufacturer. In the case ofspecial concrete masonry length ofspecimen which has been immersed in water units such as jallie or screen wall block and ornamental IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008 block, the specified sizes may not necessarily apply. c) Rapid harden ing Portland cement conforming to IS 8041, 4.2.3 The maximum variation in the length ofthe unit d) Sulphate resisting Portland cement shall not be more than ±5 mm and the maximum conforming to IS 12330, variation in the height and width of the unit shall not e) Portland pozzolana cement conforming to be more than ±3 mm (see Fig. 1 for mode of IS 1489 (Part I), and measurement). f) Portland slag cement conforming to IS 455. 4.3 Blocks with Special Faces 6.2 Sand Blocks with special faces shall be manufactured and supplied if so specified. Sand conforming to IS 383 and to suit the final product density shall be used. 4.4 The faces of masonry units shall be flat and rectangular, opposite faces shall be parallel and all 6.3 Fly Ash arises shall be square, subject to tolerance specified Fly ash conforming to IS 3812 (Part I) may be used, if in 4.2.3 and the provisions of 4.3.The bedding surfaces cements enumerated in 6.1(a) to (d) are used and shall be at right angles to the faces of the blocks. provided uniform blending with cement is ensured. 5 CLASSIFICATION 6.4 Water Preformed foam cel1ular concrete blocks shall be The water used in the manufacture of the concrete classified into two categories: masonry units shal1 be free from matter harmful to a) Non-load bearing units - These are blocks concrete or reinforcement, or matter likely to cause in density ranges 800 kg/m' and I 000 kg/m' efflorescence in the units and shall meet the and having grade designations of G-2.5 and requirements of IS 456. G-3.5 as per Table 1. b) Load bearing units-These are the blocks in 6.5 Foaming Agent density range I 200 kg/m? to I 800 kg/m', The foam concentrate shal1 be of such chemical having grade designations G-6 .5, G-12 .0, composition that is capable of producing stable foam G-17.5 and G-25. cel1s in concrete, which can resist the physical and chemical forces imposed during mixing, transporting, 6 MATERIALS pumping, placing and setting of concrete. The foaming 6.1 Cement agent should meet the requirements of 9 of IS 9103 and the foam produced shall be stable for duration Cement complying with any of the fol1owing Indian beyond the final setting time of Portland cements. Such Standards may be used at the discretion of the foaming agents shall be completely harmless to manufacturer: concrete and embedded steel reinforcement and be non a) 43 Grade ordinary Portland cement toxic, non-flammable and biodegradable. conforming to IS 8112, NOTE - Foaming agents may be produced with hydrolized b) 53 Grade ordinary Portland cement protein base with the addit ion of foam stabilizers. metal salts, conforming to IS 12269, highly surface -active fluorotensides and compensating agents.
Table 1 Physical Properties of Preformed Foam Cellular Concrete Blocks (Clauses 5, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5 and 9.8)
51 Block Density in Grade Compressive Strength Thermal Conductivity Water Absorption No. Oven Dry N/mm' in Air Dry Condition (Oven Dry Density) Condition .-A kcaVrnIhJOC Percentage r (kg/m') Average Individual"" Min Min (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
i) 800 G-2.5 2.5 2.0 0.32 12.5 ii) 1000 G-3.5 3.5 2.8 0.36 12.5 iii) 1200 G-6.5 6.5 5.2 0.38 10.0 iv) 1400 G-12 12.0 9.0 0.45 10.0 v) 1600 G-17.5 17.5 14.5 0.50 7.5 vi) 1800 G-25 25.0 22.0 0.54 7.5
2 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
a) Four positions for checking length of whole blocks and for measuring length of cut specimens
b) Six positions for checking heigth of whole blocks
c) Six measurements of width
FIG. I CHECKING AND M EASURING DIMENSIONS OF BLOCK
6.6 Admixtures admixture s shall be shown by test or experience . not to be detrimental to the durabilit y of concrete. The compatibility of Additives or admixtures as enl isted below, may be admixtures with each other and with other ingredients in the added either as additives to the cement or as admixtures mix should be determined by test s as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. to the concrete mix: a) accelerating, water-reducing admixtures 7 MANUFACTURE conforming to IS 9103, 7.1 Mix b) waterproofing agents conforming to IS 2645, and The concrete mix design indicating the proportions of c) colouring pigments. various ingredients should be worked out carefully keeping in view the desired physical properties of the NOTE - Where no Indian Standards apply, the additives or finished blocks.
3 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
7.2 Batching accelerated curing proce sses are used, and shifted to the curing/stacking yard. The quantities of various ingredients should .be proportioned on the basis of weight, with due correction 7.7 Curing being made to the quantity of solid ingredients on Curing shall be done as per IS 456 . account of their inherent moisture content. 7.8 Drying 7.3 Mixing After curing, the blocks shall be allowed to dry under The ingredients shall be mixed in a mechanical mixer shade for a period of 2 to 3 week s, so as to complete having rotating drum. These may also be mixed in a their initial shrinkage before being used in the work. mobile truck mixer. The dry ingredients like sand, fly ash and cement shall be fed into the mixer first and 8 SURFACE FINISH thoroughly mixed to ensure even di stribution of 8.1 Concrete masonry units may be given a variety of cement. The appropriate amount of water shall be surface finishes on the expo sed face by casting against added thereafter continuing the mixing. The preformed textured surface plate. Colour may be introduced by foam, which is made by blending the foam concentrate, incorporating non-fading mineral pigments in the waterand compressed air in predetermined proportions facing concrete or by applying a coloured Portland in a foam generator, calibrated for a specific discharge cement grout or paint to the face of the units soon after rate, shall be added in measured amount to the slurry they are removed from the moulds. of cement, sand, fly ash and water in the batch mixer. After an additional mixing to get uniform consistency, 8.2 Concrete masonry units used in constructing the slurry form of foamed cellular concrete of desired exposed walls shall be free from visible stain s and wet unit weight shall be ready to be poured out into discolouration, blemishes or defe cts which distract the forms/moulds, etc. desired appearance of the finished wall. When truck mixing equipment is used for foamed 9 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS cellular concrete, the preformed foam should be added at the job site just prior to pumping or otherwise 9.1 General conveying the concrete into forms, unless it is All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other demonstrated that a mix of the desired density and other defects which interfere with the proper placing of the properties can be delivered to the job site after adding unit or impair the strength or performance of the the foam at the batching plant. construction. Minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling during delivery, shall not be 7.4 Moulds deemed to be ground for rejection. Gang moulds of required sizes of blocks may be 9.1.1 Where units are to be used in exposed wall constructed either of wood, steel, rigid plastics, construction, the face or the faces that are to be exposed aluminium, concrete or other acceptable materials. The shall be free of chips, cracks or other imperfections, mould surfaces should be pre-coated with an approved except that in a consignment not more than 5 percent 'mould releasing agent' to ensure proper surface finish. of the units with small chippings not larger than 25 mm 7.5 Conveying and Placing may be accepted as per agreement between manufacturer and purchaser. All equipments for conveying and placing, whether manual like wheel barrows or big buckets, or 9.2 Dimensions mechanical like mortar pumps, should be of such size The overall dimensions of the unit , when measured as and design and used in such a manner as to ensure given in Annex B shall be in accordance with 4.2.1, un iform unsegregated concrete at the point of subject to tolerances mentioned in 4.2.3. placement. Cellular concrete is a fluid mass and due to the absence of coarse aggregate and the ball bearing 9.3 Block Density effect of minute foam bubbles, the fluid mass of cellular The average block density, when determined as given concrete fills up and levels into moulds by itself without in Annex C shall not vary by more than ± 5 percent of the need of external vibration or compaction. the density specified in Table I. 7.6 De-moulding of Cast Elements 9.4 Compressive Strength Depending on the ambient temperature and quality of The average and the minimum individual compressive cement used, the building blocks may be de-moulded strength when determined in the manner described in after 24 h from pouring of foam concrete unless Annex D shall be not less than that prescribed in Table I.
4 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
9.5 Water Absorption taken at random from across the top of the stack, the sides accessible and from the interior of the stacks by The average water absorption, when determined in the opening trenches from the top. manner prescribed in Annex E shall not exceed the values prescribed in Table I . 11.4 The sample of blocks shall be suitably marked for future identification of the batch it represents. The 9.6 Drying Shrinkage blocks shall be kept under cover and protected from The drying shrinkage of the units when unrestrained, extreme conditions of temperature, relative humidity being the average of three units, shall be determined and wind until these are required for test. The tests in the manner described in Annex F. Drying shrinkage shall be undertaken as soon as practicable after the shall be a maximum of0.05 percent for the load bearing sample has been taken . class of blocks and a maximum of0.08 percent for the non-load bearing class of blocks. 11.5 Number ofTests
9.7 Moisture Movement 11.5.1 All the 23 blocks shall be checked for dimensions and inspected for visual defects (see 9.1 The moisture movement of the dried blocks on and 9.2). immersion in water, being the average of three units, when measured in the manner prescribed in Annex G 11.5.2 Out of 23 blocks, 3 blocks shall be subjected to shall be less than the drying shrinkage specified in 9.6 the test for block density (see 9.3), 8 blocks to the test by at least 0.01 percent. for compressive strength (see 9.4), 3 blocks to the test for water absorption (see 9.5), 3 blocks to test for 9.8 Thermal Conductivity thermal conductivity (see 9.8) and 3 blocks to the test Thermal conductivity shall not be more than the values for drying shrinkage (see 9.6) and later to the test for specified in Table 1, when tested in accordance with moisture movement (see 9.7). The remaining three IS 3346. blocks shall be reserved for retest for drying shrinkage and moisture movement, if a need arises. 10 TESTS 12 CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY Tests as described in Annex B to Annex G shall be conducted on samples ofunits selected according to the 12.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to the sampling procedure given in 11, to ensure conformity requirements of specification, if the conditions with the physical requirements specified in 9. mentioned in 12.2 to 12.7 are satisfied.
11 SAMPLING 12.2 The number of blocks with dimensions outside the tolerance limit and/or with visual defects, among 11.1 The blocks required for carrying out the tests laid those inspected shall be not more than two. down in this standard shall be taken by one of the methods given in 11.2 and 11.3. In either case a sample 12.3 For block density the mean value determined shall of 23 blocks shall be taken at random from every lot not vary by more than the limits specified in 9.3. of 10000blocks or part thereofofthe same size, grade 12.4 For compressive strength, the average value and and same batch of manufacture, if manufacturing is the minimum individual value determined shall be done in plant. In case of site/yard manufacture, the greater than or equal to the minimum limits specified number of samples may be doubled. In order to ensure in 9.4. randomness of selection, all the blocks in a lot may be arranged in a serial order. Starting from any random 12.5 For thermal conductivity, the mean value shall be block every rth block may be selected till the requisite equal to or less than the value specified in 9.8. number is obtained, r being the integral part of N/23, 12.6 For drying shrinkage and moisture movement. all where N is the lot size. the test specimens shall satisfy the requirements ofthe 11.2 Sampling Blocks in Motion tests specified in 9,6 and 9.7, respectively. If one or more specimens fail to satisfy the requirements, the Whenever practicable, samples ofblocks shall be taken remaining 3 blocks shall be subjected to these tests. when the blocks are being moved as in the case of All the three blocks shall satisfy the requirements. loading, unloading, etc . 12.7 For water absorption, the mean value determined 11.3 Sampling Blocks from Stack shall be equal to or less than the maximum limit The number of blocks required for the test shall be specified in 9.5.
5 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
13 MANUFACTURER'S CERTIFICATE 15 STORAGE The manufacturer shall satisfy himselfthat the masonry General requirements of storage of cellular concrete units conform to the requirements of this specification blocks shall be as described in IS 4082. and if requested, shall supply a test certificate to this effect to the purchaser or his representative. 16 MARKING 16.1 Concrete masonry units manufactured in 14 INDEPENDENT TESTS accordance with this standard shall be suitably marked 14.1 If the purchaser or his representative requires with the following information: independent tests, the samples shall be taken before or a) Identification of the manufacturer, immediately after delivery, at the option of the purchaser or his representative and the tests shall be b) Grade and block density of the unit, and carried out in accordance with this standard. c) Month and year of manufacture. 14.2 The manufacturer shall supply free of charge the 16.2 BIS Certification Marking units required for testing. 16.2.1 Each block may also be marked with the 14.3 Cost ofTesting Standard Mark. Unless otherwise specified in the enquiry or order, the 16.2.1.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by cost of the tests ~hall be borne as follows: the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act.1986 and the Rules and Regulations made a) By the manufacturer in the event of results thereunder. The details of conditions under which a showing that the blocks do not conform to licence for the use of the Standard Mark may begranted this standard, or to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from b) By the purchaser in the event of results the Bureau of Indian Standards. showing that the blocks conform to the standard.
ANNEXA (Clause 2) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
IS No. Title IS No. Title 383: 1970 Specification for coarse and fine 3812 Pulverized fuel ash - Specification: aggregates from natural sources for (Part I): 2003 Part I For use as pozzolana in concrete (second revision) cement, cement mortar and concrete 455 : 1989 Specification for Portland slag (second revision) cement (fourth revision) 3952 : 1988 Specification for burnt clay hollow 456 : 2000 Code of practice for plain and bricks for walls and partitions (second revision) reinforced concrete (fourth revision) 4082: 1996 Recommendations on stacking and 1489 Specification for Portland pozzolana storage of construction materials and (Part I) : 1989 cement: Part I Ayash based (third components at site (second revision) revision) 8041 : 1990 Specification for rapid hardening 2645: 2003 Integral waterproofing compounds Portland cement (second revision) for cement mortar and concrete _ 8Il2: 1989 Specification for 43 grade ordinary Specification (second revision) Portland cement (first revision) 3346: 1980 Method for determination of thermal 9103: 1999 Concrete admixtur es conductivity of thermal insulation Specification (first revision) materials (two slab guarded hot plate 12269 : 1987 Specification for 53 grade ordinary method) (first revision) Portland cement 12330: 1988 Specification for sulphate resisting Portland cement
6 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
ANNEXB (Clauses 9.2 and 10) MEASUREMENT OF DIMENSIONS
B-1 APPARATUS unit shall be read to the nearest division of the scale. Overalldimensions shall be measured with a steel scale B-3.2 Length shall be measured on the longitudinal graduated in I mm divisions. centre line of each face. width across the top and B-2 Twenty-three full sized units shall be measured bottom bearing surfaces and height at both faces. The for length, width and height. manner of measurement is also pictorially depicted in Fig.l. NOTE - These specimens shall be used for other tests also. B-3.3 The report shall show the average length. width B-3 MEASUREMENTS AND REPORT and height of each specimen. B-3.1 Individual measurements ofdimensions of each
ANNEXC (Clauses 9.3 and 10) METHOD FOR THE Dt:TERMlNATION OF BLOCK DENSITY
C-1 PROCEDURE The blocks shall then be weighted in kilograms (to the nearest 10 g) and the density of each block calculated C-1.1 Three blocks taken at random from the samples as follows: selected in accordance with 11, shall be dried to a constant mass in a suitable oven heated to Mass of block, in kg x 106 kg/m? approximately lOO"C. After cooling the blocks to room Density = ------'----'='----:- temperature, the dimensions of each block shall be Volume of specimen, in cnr' measured in centimeters (to the nearest millimetres) C-1.2 The average ofthe densities forthe three blocks and the overall volume computed in cubic centimetres. shall be taken as the average density.
ANNEXD (Clauses 9.4 and 10) METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
0-1 APPARATUS specimen after the centroid of the masonry bearing surface has been aligned with the centre of thrust of 0-1.1 Testing Machine the bearing blocks (see 0-4.1).
The testing machine shall be equipped with two steel NOTE - It is desirable that the bearing faces of blocks and bearing blocks (see Note) one ofwhich is a spherically plates used for compression testing of concrete masonry have seated block that will transmit load to the upper surface a hardness of not less than 60 (HRC). of the masonry specimen. and the other a plane rigid 0-1.2 Steel Bearing Blocks and Plates block on which the specimen will rest. When the bearing area ofthe steel blocks is not sufficient to cover The surfaces of the steel bearing blocks and plates the bearing area ofthe masonry specimen, steel bearing shall not depart from a plane by more than 0.025 mm plates meeting the requirements of D-l.2 shall be in any 15 mm dimension. The centre of the sphere of placed between the bearing blocks and the capped the spherically seated upper bearing block shall 7 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
coincide with the centre of its bear ing face. If a unit. The mould shall be filled to a depth of 6 mm bearing plate is used, the centre of the sphere of the with molten sulphur material. The surface of the unit spherically seated bearing block shall lie on a line to be capped shall quicldy be brought into contact with passing vertically through the centroid of the the liquid and the specimen held so that its axis is at specimen bearing face. The spherically seated block right angles to the surface of the capping liquid and shall be held closely in its seat, but shall be free to shall be inserted. The unit shall be allowed to remain turn in any direction . The diameter of the face of the undisturbed until solidification is complete. The caps bearing blocks shall be at least 15 ern. When steel shall be allowed to cool for a minimum of 2 h before plates are employed between the steel bearing blocks the specimens are tested. Patching of caps shall not be and masonry specimen (see D-4.1) the plates shall permitted. Imperfect caps shall be removed and be have a thickness equal to at least one-third of the replaced with new ones. distance from the edge of the bearing block to the NOTE - The use of oil on capping plates may be omitted, if most distant corner of the specimen . In no case shall it is found that plate and unit can be separated without the plate thickness be less than 12 mm. damaging the cap.
D-2 TEST SPECIMENS D·3.2 Gypsum Plaster Capping
D-2.1 Eight full size units shall be tested within 72 h A neat paste of special high-strength plaster (see Note afterdelivery to the laboratory, during which time they under D-4.1) and water shall be spread evenly on a shall be stored continuously in normal room air. non-absorbent surface that has been lightly coated with oil. Such gypsum plaster, when gauged with water at D-2.2 Units of unusual size, shape or strength may be the capping consistency shall have a compressive sawed into segments, some or all of which shall be strength at a 2 h age of not less than 25 Nzrnrn-, when tested individually in the same manner as prescribed tested as 50 mm cubes. The coating surface plate shall for full size units. The strength of the full size units conform to the requirements described in D-3.!. The shall be considered as that which is calculated from surface of the unit to be capped shall be brought into the average measured strength of the segments. contact with the capping paste; the specimen which is D·2.3 For the purpose of acceptance, age of testing held with its axis at right angles to the capping surface, the specimens shall be 28 days . The age shall be shall be firmly pressed down with a single motion. The reckoned from the time of the addition of water to the average thickness of the cap shall be not more than dry ingredients. 3 mm. Patching of caps shall not be permitted. Imperfect caps shall be removed and replaced with new D-3 CAPPING TEST SPECIMEN ones. The caps shall be aged for at least 2 h before the D-3.0 Bearing surfaces of the units shall be kept by specimens are tested. one of the methods described in D-3.I and D-3.2. D-4 PROCEDURE D-3.1 Sulphur and Granular Materials D-4.1 Position ofSpecimens Propriety or laboratory prepared mixtures of 40 to 60 percent sulphur (by mass) and the remainder being Specimens shall be tested with the centroid of their ground fire clay or other suitable inert material bearing surfaces aligned vertically with the centre of passing ISO-micron IS sieve with or without a thrust of the spherically seated bearing block of the plasticizer, shall be spread evenly on a non-absorbent testing machine (see Note). Except for special units surface that has been lightly quoted with oil (see intended for use with their cores in a horizontal Note) . The sulphur mixture shall be heated in a direction, all concrete masonry units shall be tested thermostatically controlled heating pot to a with their cores in a vertical direction. Masonry units temperature sufficient to maintain fluidity for a that are hundred percent solid and special hollow units reasonable period of time after contact with the intended for use with their hollow cores in a horizontal capping surface. Care shall be exercised to prevent direction may be tested in the same direction as in overheating, and the liquid shall be stirred in the pot service. just before use. The capping surface shall be plane NOTE - For homogeneous materials. the centroid of the within 0.075 mm in 40 em and shall be sufficiently bearing surface shall be considered to be vertically above the rigid and so supported as not to be measurably centre of gravity of the masonry unit. deflected during the capping operation. Four 25 mm D-4.~ Speed of Testing square steel bars shall be placed on the surface plate to form a rectangular mould approximately 12 mm The load up to one-halfof the expected maximum load greater in either inside dimension than the masonry may be applied at any convenient rate, after which the control of the machine shall be adjusted as required to 8 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
give a uniform rate of travel of the moving head such square millimetres. The gross area of a unit is the total that the remaining load is applied in not less than one area of a section perpendicular to the direction of the nor more than two minutes. load, including areas within cells and within re-entrant spaces unless these spaces are to be occupied in the D-5 CALCULATION AND REPORT masonry by portions of adjacent masonry. D-5.1 The compressive strength ofa concrete masonry D-5.2 Report be results to the nearest 0.1 Nzmrrr' unit shall be taken as the maximum load in Newtons, separately for each unit and the average for the 8 units. divided by the gross cross-sectional area of the unit in
ANNEXE (Clauses 9.5 and 10) METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION
E-l APPARATUS than 24 h and until two successive weighing at intervals of 2 h show an increments of loss not greater than E-l.l The balance used shall be sensitive to within 0.2 percent of the last previously determined mass of 0.5 percent of the mass ofthe smallest specimen tested. the specimen. E-2 TEST SPECIMENS E-4 CALCULATION AND REPORT Three full-size units shall be used. E-4.1 Water Absorption E-3 PROCEDURE Calculate the water absorption as follows: E-3.1 Saturation A-B Water absorption, kg/rn' = --x I 000 The test specimens shall be completely immersed in A-C water at room temperature for 24 h. The specimens shall then be weighed , while suspended by a metal wire A-B Water absorption, percent = --x I 000 and completely submerged in water. They shall be B removed from the water and allowed to drain for I min where by placing them on a 10 mm or coarser wire mesh, visible surface water being removed with a damp cloth, A = wet mass of unit, in kg; and immediately weighed. B = dry mass of unit, in kg; and C = suspended immersed mass of unit. in kg. E-3.2 Drying E-4.2 Report Subsequent to saturation, all specimens shall be dried in a ventilated oven at 100°C to 115°C for not less Report all results as the average for the three units.
ANNEXF (Clauses 9.6 and 10) METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DRYING SHRINKAGE
F-l NUMBER OF TESTS available for duplicate tests, if they are required at a later stage (see Note). F-l.l Of the samples selected in accordance with 11, three shall be tested for drying shrinkage. Three more NOTE - In order to fac ilitate storage. instead of blocks. sections cut from these additional blocks may be stored until blocks shall be set aside and stored in air-tight necessary in separate air-right conramers at normal room containers at normal room temperature so as to be temperature.
9 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
F-2 APPARATUS hemispherical bearing shall be cemented with neat rapid-hardening Portland cement or other suitable F-2.1 MeasuringApparatus cementing material at the centre of each end of each A measuring apparatus shall be used which specimen after drilling or cuttin g a shallow depression. incorporates a micrometer gauge or a suitable dial After fixing, the surface of the steel balls shall be wiped gauge reading accurately to 0.002 5 mm. This gauge clean of cement, and dried and coated with lubricating shall be rigidly mounted in a measuring frame and have grease to prevent corrosion. The specimens shall then a recessed end which may be located upon a 5 mm be completely immersed in water for 4 days. the diameter ball or other reference point cemented on the temperature being maintained at 27 ± 2°C at least for specimens. The other end of the frame shall have a the last 4 h. similar recessed seating which may be located upon F·4 PROCEDURE FOR TESTING the other ball or reference point in the specimen. An Invar steel rod of suitable length with 5 mm diameter F-4.1 Immediately after removal of the specimens from hemispherical ends or with 5 mm diameter steel balls the water, the grease shall be wiped from the steel balls mounted on the ends, shall be used as a standard of and the length of each specimen measured to an length against which readings of the gauge may be accuracy 0.002 5 mm by the apparatus described checked, thus enabling corrections to be made for any in F-2.1. This shall be taken as the original wet change in the dimensions of the apparatus between measurement. successive measurements of tests specimen. The NOTE - The instrument reading required is not the absolute apparatus shall preferably be adjusted for specimens length of the specimen but the differen ce in length between of different lengths and Invar rods of length near to the specimens and an Invar rod of approximately the same those of the specimens to be tested shall be available . length. F-4.2 The specimen shall then be dried for at least 44 h F-2.2 Drying Oven in an oven of the type described in F-2.2, at the The drying oven shall comply with the following specified temperature and humidity. The specimens requirements: shall then be removed from the oven and cooled for at least 4 h in a desiccator containing solid calcium a) It shall have an internal volume equivalent to chloride or a saturated solution of calcium chloride. not less than 8 litres per specimen, with a Each specimen shall then be measured as described minimum total volume of 50 litres. in F-4.1, at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. b) It shall be reasonably air-tight and shall be provided with a fan to keep the air circulating F-4.3 The cycle ofdrying, cool ing and measuring shall effectively during the drying ofthe specimen. be repeated until constant length is attained, that is c) It shall be capable of maintaining a constant when the difference between con secutive read ings temperature of 50 ± 1°C. separated by a period ofdrying of at least 44 h followed by cooling for at least 4 h, is less than 0.005 mm for a d) The relative humidity of the air in the oven 15 em specimen and pro rata for a larger specimen. shall be controlled at approximately The final reading shall be taken as the dry 17 percent by means of saturated calcium measurement. chloride solution. Suitable dishes or trays containing this solution shall be provided to F-4 .4 During the drying process further wet specimen give an exposed area of solution not less than shall not be placed in the same oven and there shall be 10 em? for each litre of volume of the oven. free access of air to all surfaces of the specimen. The dishes or trays shall contain sufficient F-4.5 After the dry measurement has been taken, the solid calcium chloride to show above the length of the specimen shall be measured, adjacent to surface of the solution throughout the test. the steel balls, to the nearest millimetre and this shall F-3 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS be taken as the dry length. One sample shall be cut from each of the blocks such F-5 CALCULATION OF RESULTS that the length ofeach specimen is not less than 15 cm and the cross-section is as near to 7.5 em x 7.5 ern as F-5.1 The drying shrinkage shall be calculated for each practicable in the case of solid blocks and 7.5 em x specimen as the difference between the original wet thickness of the wall in the case of other blocks. Two measurement and dry measurement expressed as a percentage ofthe dry length . reference points consisting of 5 mm diameter steel balls or other suitable reference points providing a F-5.2 Report all results separately for each unit.
IO IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
ANNEXG (Clauses 9.7 and 10) METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE MOVEMENT
G-l PROCEDURE G-l.2 Should the value obtained with anyone of the three specimens tested, be greater than the limit G-!.1 The specimens which have previously been used specified in 9.7, the test shall be repeated on the further for the drying shrinkage test (see Annex E) shall after thr~e blocks which were set aside. In repeating the the completion of that test be immersed in water for moisture movement test, the shrinkage test shall be 4 days, the temperature being maintained at 27 ± 2°C repeated if the previous specimens have failed on that for at least 4 h prior to the removal of the specimen test.also; otherwise, the drying shrinkage test may be and the wet length measured. The moisture movement omitted. The three new specimens, in that event, shall shall be determined as the difference between the dry be dried to constant length at 50 ± 1°C measured after and wet lengths and expressed as a percentage of the cooling and the moisture movement test carried out as dry length for each specimen. described in G-!.I.
ANNEXH (Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Cement Matrix Products Sectional Committee, CED 53
Organization Representativeis) Gammon India Limited. Mumbai SHRI S. A. REDDI (Chairman)
All India A.C. Pipe Manufacturers' Association, Secunderabad SHRI N. KISHAN REDDY SHRI P. S. KALANI (Alternate)
Asbestos Information Centre. New Delhi BRIG AAROON K. SETHI SHRI V. PATIABHI (Alternate)
Central Building Research Institute. Roorkee DR B. K. RAO DR S. K. AGARWAL (Alternate)
Central Pollution Control Board. Delhi SHRI J. S. KM!YUfRA SHRI P. K. GUPTA (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department. New Delhi SHRI P. SUBRAMANIAN SHRI K. P. ABRAHAM (Alternate)
Directorate General of Factory Advise Services and Labour SHRI V. S. SASIKUMAR Institute. Mumbai SHRI S. C. SHARMA (Alternate)
Engineer-in-Chief's Branch. New Delhi SHRI V. K. MANGLlK SHRI P. K. GUPTA (Alternate)
Eternit Everest Limited. New Delhi SHRI S. P. BOLAR SHRI Y. S. RAO (Alternate)
Fly Ash Utilization Programme (TIFAC). New Delhi DR VIMAL KUMAR SHRI MUKESH MATHUR (Alternate)
Gammon India Ltd. Mumbai SHRI R. K. MALHarRA SHRI M. U. SHAH (Alternate)
Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. Ahmedabad SHRI J. P. DESAI SHRI B. K. JAGETIYA (Alternate) Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited. CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR New Delhi SHRI DEEPAK BANSAL (Alternate)
II -
IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008
Organization Representative!s) Hyderabad Industrie s Limited. Hyderab ad SHRI D. B. MUNDRA SHRI P. K. ANAND (Alternate) Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow DR (SHRIMATI) Q. REHMAN Ministry of Environment and Forest . New Delhi REPRESENTATIVE Municipal Corporat ion of Delhi, New Delhi SUPER INTENDING ENGINEER (PLANNING) EX.ECUTIVE ENGINEER (PLANNING ) (Alternote) National Council for Cement & Building Material s, Ballabgarh SIIRI H. K. JlILKA DR S. HARSHA (Alternate) National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad DR H. N. SAIYED DR ASIM SAIIA (Alternate) National Test House. Kolkata SIIRf D. K. KAN UN GO SHRI T. CHOUDH URY (Alternate) Rural Electrification Corporation Limited, New Delhi SHRI S. K. SETIII SHRI F. C. BHAGIA (Alternate v Small Scale Industrie .• Services Institute, Bangalore SHRI C. H. SUBRAMANIAN SIIRI A. DUTTA (Alternate) Spun Pipes Manufacturer's Assoc iation of Maharashtra, Nanded SIIRI C. y. GAVHANE SIIRI D. N. JOSHI (Alternate) Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Chennai SHRI A. CHELLAPPAN Tamil Nadu Water Supply & Drainage Board , Chennai SIIRI S. HARIRAMASAMY The Indian Hume Pipe Company Limited, Mumbai SHRI P. D. KELKAR SIIRI S. J. SHAH (Alt ernate ) BIS Directorate General SIIRl A. K. SAINI. Scient ist 'F ' and Head (CED) [Representing Director General (Ex-offi cio)]
Member Secretary J. Roy CIIOWDIIURY Scientist 'E' (CED), BIS
Precast Concrete Products Subcommittee, CED 53 : 3
In personal capacity (C-2/2220. Vasant Kunj. Ne..... Delhi 110070) SIIRI SUDDHODAN Roy (Convener) B.G. Shirke Construction Technology PVt Ltd. Pune SIIRI V. G. JANA SIIRI Y. P. KAJAL E (Alternate s Central Building Research Institu te. Roorkee SHRI M. S. KALRA SIIRI D. K. GAL,AM iAlternate t Central Electricity Authority. New Delhi DIRECTOR (RE) DEPUTY DIRECTOR (RE) (Alternate) Central Public Works Department. Chandigarh SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (PlANNING) EXEC VTlVE ENGINEER (PlANNING) (Alternate) Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI N. CIIANDER SHEKH .~RAN SIIRI N. SHIV KUMAR (Alternatev Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi SIIRI S. K. BHATIA SIIRI P. K. AGARWAl. (Alt ernate) Engineer-in-Chief's Branch. Mumbai SIIR I YASH"'N 12 IS 2185 (Part 4) : 2008 Organization Representative!s) Fly Ash Utilization Programme (TI FAC ). New Delhi DR VIMAL K UMAR SHRt M UKESH MATHUR (Altemate) Gammon India Limited . Ne w Delhi SHRI R. K. MALHarRA SHRI G . P. JOSHI (Altemate) Hindustan Prefab Limited. New Delhi SHRI M . K UNDU SHRI H. C. G UPTA (Alternate) Housing & Urban Development Corporation Lim ited. New Delhi CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR SHRJ DEEPAK BANSAL (Alternate) Hyderabad Indu stries Limited. Hyderabad SHRI D . B. M UNDRA SHRI K . V . RA O (Altemate) Institution of Engineers. New Delhi SHRI C. R . ALiMCHANDANI SHRJ N . C. JAIN (Altemate) Larsen & Toubro Ltd. ECC Group. Chennai SHRI S . R . KUMAR SHRI STHALADIPTI SAHA (Alternate) K.K. Manhole & Grating Co (P) Ltd . New Delhi SHRI P. S. GUPTA SHRI C . G. GUPTA (Alternate) Maharashtra State Electricity Board. Mumbai SHRI C. B. R UNWAL National Council for Cement & Building Materials . Ballabgarh SHRI H. K . JULKA SHRI V . V. ARORA (A/remate) Public Worles Department, Haryana REPRESENTATIVE Siporex India Limited. Pune SHRJ D . N. DHONGDE SHRI D . V. KULKARNI (Alternate) Structural Engineering Research Centre. Chennai DR M. NEELAMGAM SHRI J. PRABHAKAR (Alternate) System Building Technologists . New Delhi SHRI G . B. SINGH The Indian Hume Pipe Company Limited. Mumbai SHRI P. D. KELKAR SHRI S. J. SHAH (Altemate) U.P. Electricity Board. Luclenow CHIEF ENGINEER Unitech Prefab Limited. Mumbai SHRI DEVENDRA KUMAR PANDEY 13 Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession ofthe latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions'. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CED 53 (7289). Ameudments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110 002 Telegrams : Manaksanstha Telephones: 2323 0131, 2323 3375, 2323 9402 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices : Telephone Central Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 2323 76 17 NEW DELHI 110 002 { 23233841 Eastern 1/14 C.LT. Scheme VII M, V. L P. Road, Kankurgachi 23378499,23378561 KOLKATA 700 054 { 23378626,23379120 Northern SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160 022 260 3843 { 2609285 Southern C.LT. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600 113 2254 1216,22541442 { 22542519,22542315 Western Manakalaya,E9 MIOC, Marol, Andheri (East) { 2832 9295, 2832 7858 MUMBAI 400 093 28327891,28327892 Branches AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PARWANOO. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printed at Sunshine Graphics