’s Nuclear Energy Guide 2017

China Nuclear Energy Association

中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 1 18/2/3 下午2:11 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 2 18/2/3 下午2:11 Preparation Instructions

In June 2016, China Nuclear Energy Association (hereinafter referred to as CNEA) visited the UK to take part in the Third Meeting of the Working Group on Sino-British Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperation. During the meeting, CNEA held talks with the Brit- ish Nuclear Industry Association (NIA), which provided the British Nuclear Industry Guide with a description of the key factors and the best path for the UK market. At the same time, NIA expects that CNEA can provide relevant information to help British enterprises to understand the situation of China’s nuclear power market and supply and demand information, including the organization, participation, market access and so on. According to the requirements of this meeting, and based on the actual situation of China’s nuclear energy industry, CNEA decided to organize the preparation of 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide (English Version) to help British enterprises and other overseas suppliers, especially SMEs, to understand the development of China’s nuclear energy industry and enter the nuclear power market in China. The Chinese Version of 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide will be published simultaneously to help domestic enterprises, especially SMEs members, fully understand the nuclear energy industry. 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide is divided into five chapters, including Over- view of China’s Nuclear Power Development, Government Competent Departments and Related Policies, China’s Nuclear Safety Culture and Nuclear Safety Regulation, New Nuclear Power Projects in China and Foreign Cooperation, Introduction of Chi- na’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises. The material used in the report was collected in December 2016. We are grateful to all the experts from China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), China & Construction Group Corporation (CNECC), China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN), State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation (SNPTC), (CHNG), Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center for their help in the preparation process. Readers’ criticism and corrections are welcomed. The relate contents will be amended in the next version.

中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 3 18/2/3 下午2:11 Contents

Chapter I: Overview of China’s Nuclear Power Development

1.1 Overview of China’s Energy and Power Development...... 1 1.2 Overview of China’s Nuclear Power Development...... 2 1.2.1 Overview of In-service Nuclear Power Units...... 4 1.2.2 Overview of Nuclear Power Units under Construction...... 6 1.3 The “Thirteen Five-Year” Development Plan for China’s Nuclear Power.... 7 Chapter II: Government Competent Departments and Related Policies

2.1 Government Competent Departments and Main Responsibilities...... 9 2.1.1 National Energy Administration...... 9 2.1.2 National Nuclear Safety Administration...... 9 2.1.3 China Atomic Energy Authority...... 10 2.2 China’s Related Policies Encouraging the Development of Nuclear Power... 11 2.2.1 Guidelines for “Active” and “Safe and Efficient” Development of Nuclear Power...... 11 2.2.2 The implementation of Major Nuclear Science and Technology Projects...... 11 2.2.3 Prioritizing Nuclear Power On-grinding...... 12

中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 4 18/2/3 下午2:11 2.2.4 Nuclear Power Benchmark Price and VAT Relief Policies...... 12 2.2.5 Establishing Spent Fuel Disposal Fund...... 13 2.2.6 Establishing Nuclear Accident Damage Compensation System... 13 Chapter III: China’s Nuclear Safety Culture and Nuclear Safety Regulation

3.1 China’s Nuclear Safety Concept and Nuclear Safety Culture...... 14 3.2 China’s Nuclear Safety Regulation 3.2.1 Laws and Regulations Concerning Nuclear Safety...... 16 3.2.2 Nuclear Safety Permit...... 16 3.2.3 Supervision and Management of Imported Civilian Nuclear Safety Equipment...... 17 3.3 Qualified Suppliers Access Procedures...... 19 3.3.1 China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)...... 19 3.3.2 China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN)...... 19 3.3.3 State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC)...... 20 Chapter IV: New Nuclear Power Projects in China

4.1 New Nuclear Power Projects and Their Technical Features...... 21 4.1.1 HPR1000 ...... 22 4.1.2 CAP1000...... 22 4.1.3 CAP1400...... 23 4.1.4 600-MW Demonstration Fast Reactor ...... 24

中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 5 18/2/3 下午2:11 4.1.5 High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant...... 24 4.1.6 Small Nuclear Power Units...... 25 4.1.7 Research and Development of Other Advanced Reactors...... 25 4.2 Other Fields of Foreign Cooperation...... 26 4.2.1 Operation and Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plant...... 26 4.2.2 Waste Disposal Safety Assessment...... 26 4.2.3 Transport and Storage of Spent Fuel...... 26 4.2.4 Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plant...... 27 4.2.5 Technical Requirements for Evaluation of Disposal in the United Kingdom...... 27 Chapter V: Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises

5.1 China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain...... 28 5.1.1 Investment in Nuclear Power Projects...... 29 5.1.2 Operation of Nuclear Power Plant ...... 30 5.1.3 Nuclear Island Research and Design...... 30 5.1.4 Nuclear Power Project Management...... 31 5.1.5 Civil Installation of Nuclear Power Plant...... 31 5.1.6 Nuclear Power Equipment Manufacturing...... 31 5.1.7 Supply and Spent Fuel Management...... 32 5.2 Overview of Major Nuclear Power Enterprises...... 33 5.2.1 China National Nuclear Corporation/China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd...... 33 5.2.2 China Nuclear Engineering & Construction Group Corporation Ltd...... 34 5.2.3 China General Nuclear Power Group/China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd...... 35 5.2.4 State Power Investment Corporation/State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation...... 37 5.2.5 China Huaneng Group/Huaneng Nuclear Power Development Company Ltd...... 38

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1.1 Overview of China’s Energy and Power Development

Since 1979, China has made great strides in its economic development, social development and people’s living standard. Energy production and consumption levels have also been improved dramatically. In 2015, the total energy consumption of China (excluding Taiwan region) was 4.3 billion tons of standard coal; the whole society consumed 5.55 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity; and the per capita electricity consumption was 4100 kilowatt-hours, which is more than four times of that in 2000. China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of energy for some years. Due to its large population, China’s per capita electricity consumption is still relatively low compared to developed countries, and represents about 26% of that of the United States. In the next 20 years, there will be huge room for growth in China’s electricity consumption and production. For a long time, China’s energy consumption was dominated by fossil fuels. In recent years, the proportion of non-fossil fuels has increased, but the coal-dominated energy mix has not fundamen- tally changed. In primary energy consumption, the proportion of coal is as high as 64.4%, which is more than twice the world average level. In the power supply, coal power generation accounts for up to 74.37% (see Figure 1-1). China faces the urgent and arduous task to change its coal-based energy structure and build a green, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system as soon as possible. In order to cope with global warming and reduce the impact of energy production and consump- tion on the environment, the Chinese government has set the following development objectives: non-fossil fuels should account for about 15% of primary energy consumption by 2020 and 20% by 2030. The proportion of low-carbon energy such as renewable energy, nuclear energy and natural gas shall be gradually increased. As nuclear power generation does not release greenhouse gases and pol- lutants into the environment, has more hours of equipment use, low operating cost and provides stable and economic power, it is an important part of the construction of green low-carbon energy system in our country.

1

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2 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide China’s powerindustry. tons ofnitrogenoxides,thushavingmadeanimportant contributiontothegreendevelopmentof sions of 172 million tons of carbondioxide,560 thousand tons of sulphur dioxide and 480 thousand is equivalenttohavingreducedstandardcoalconsumptionby65.68milliontons,eliminatingemis- power unitsinoperationwas210.5 TWh, accountingfor3.56% ofthetotal.Nuclearpowergeneration 2% ofthetotalnationalinstalledcapacity. In2016,thegrossgeneratingcapacityofChina’s nuclear 1-2). such as , , , , , , and (see Figure under construction;56unitsweredistributedin13nuclearpowerplantseightprovincesandregions, had beenputintocommercialoperationinChina(excluding Taiwan); 21nuclearpowerunitswere China launcheditsnuclearpowercourseinthe1980s. As oftheend2016,35nuclearpowerunits Figure 1-1StatisticalDistribution of Power Generation in2016China (Excluding Taiwan) The total installed capacity of 35 nuclear power units was 33.63 million kilowatts, accounting for The totalinstalledcapacityof35nuclearpowerunitswas33.63millionkilowatts,accountingfor 1.2 17.79%  Overview ofChina’sNuclearPowerDevelopment Thermal power .6 4.28% 3.56% Hydro power Nuclear power 74.37% Others 18/2/3 下午2:11 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 3

Hongyanhe NPP Heilongjiang Haiyang NPP Shidao Bay NPP Xinjiang Liaoning Inner Mongoria IM Tianwan NPP Beijing Qinshan NPP Shanxi Shandong Qinghai Qinshan II NPP Jiangsu Shaanxi Qinshan III NPP Tibet Shanghai Fangjiashan NPP Zhejiang Sanmen NPP Guizhou Fujian Ningde NPP Yunnan Guangxi Guangdong Taiwan Fuqing NPP Kong

Hainan Daya Bay NPP Ling’ao NPP the South China Sea Islands Taishan NPP Dongsha Islands Legend the Xisha Islands the Zhongsha Yangjiang NPP NPP Islands the Nanhai Sea the Nansha Fangchenggang NPP Operating Islands Zengmu Under construction Reef Changjiang NPP

Figure 1-2 Distribution of NPPs in Chinese Mainland (2016) 18/2/3 下午2:11 3 Chapter I: Overview of China’s Nuclear Power Development 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 4

4 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide of the35nuclearpowerunitsputintocommercialoperationin2016 Table 1-1. See thename,model,installedcapacity, generatingcapacityandequipmentutilizationhours andsoon 1.2.1 OverviewofIn-serviceNuclearPowerUnits Guangdong DayaBay Jiangsu TianwanNPP Liaoning Hongyanhe Zhejiang QinshanIII Zhejiang QinShanII Guangdong Ling’ao Fujian Ningde Zhejiang QinshanI Operating Unit nt1 309407517684 7.561 984.0 M310 Unit 1# nt2 309407617735 7.611 984.0 M310 Unit 2# nt1 P0 5. .4 7760 5.044 650.0 CP600 Unit 1# nt2 P0 5. .3 7436 4.833 650.0 CP600 Unit 2# nt3 P0 6. .1 8514 5.619 660.0 CP600 Unit 3# nt4 P0 6. .1 8045 5.310 660.0 CP600 Unit 4# nt1 309008698706 8.619 990.0 M310 Unit 1# nt2 309007307374 7.300 990.0 M310 Unit 2# nt1 AD67805928148 7090 5.932 7838 7.700 8.512 728.0 1086.0 CANDU6 1086.0 Unit 1# CPR1000 Unit 4# CPR1000 Unit 3# nt2 AD67804926774 4.932 728.0 CANDU6 Unit 2# nt1 P10 1886505828 7404 6.520 7099 7.848 1118.8 7.525 1060.0 CPR1000 Unit 1# 1060.0 VVER1000 Unit 2# VVER1000 Unit 1# nt2 P10 1885675056 5.657 1118.8 CPR1000 Unit 2# nt3 P10 1885875262 5.887 1118.8 CPR1000 Unit 3# nt4 P10 0903933639 6053 5750 3.963 6714 6.592 1082 6.262 1089.0 7.312 1089.0 CPR1000 1.211 1089.0 Unit 4# CPR1000 1089.0 Unit 3# CPR1000 1118.8 Unit 2# CPR1000 Unit 1# CPR1000 Unit 4# Table 1-1Operating NPPsin China in 2016 P0 1. .8 8322 2.580 310.0 CP300 Type Installed capacity (MWe) generation Power (TWh) Equipment utilization hours 18/2/3 下午2:11 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 5 Nuclear energy is one of industries with the best safety record in China. Nuclear energy isoneofindustrieswiththebestsafetyrecordinChina. occurred. has hazard occupational or accident explosion fire incident, radiation incident, ronmental Up tonow, noaccidentoflevel-IIoraboveaccordingtotheINEShasoccurredandmajorenvi- achieved goodresults. and systemthroughtraining,construction,third-party assessmentandothermeasures, units onnuclearpoweroperation. The nuclearpowerplantsstrengthenedtheirsafetyculture premise ofensuringthesafetynuclearpowerandstrictly controllingthesafetyriskofnuclearpower have increasedby25%overthesameperiodof2015. year nuclearpowergeneration(210.519billionkWh)andon-gridelectricity(196.568 whole- the 2016, year. In each units five of average an with 2013-2016, in operation into put units ar thus theyarethemainforcesofnuclearpowergenerationinChinaatthisstage. generation-cost, whilemeetingsafetyrequirements;theyhaverelativelyhighcost-performanceratio, power unitsknownasthe“secondgenerationplus”inindustryhaverelativelylowcostand nuclear The service. in units of number total the of 70% for account CPR1000/CP1000 modified its Guangdong Yangjiang Zhejiang Fangjiashan Hainan Changjiang Fangchenggang China’s nuclearpoweroperation andmanagementlevelhasbeenhighlyrecognizedbyinterna- China’s nuclearpowerplantsunder operationhavemaintainedagoodrecordofsafeoperation. China attaches importance to the safety of nuclear power units and places nuclear safety on the Among the35units,24unitswereputintooperationafter2010,ofwhich20arenewnucle- 95% ofthenuclearpowerunitsinservicearepressurizedwaterreactors,which,M310and Fujian Fuqing Guangxi Operating Unit nt1 P0018. .5 6662 7.255 1089.0 CP1000 Unit 1# nt2 P0018. .1 6071 6.611 1089.0 CP1000 Unit 2# nt3 P0018. .9 1648 1.795 1089.0 CP1000 Unit 3# nt1 P0018. .3 7652 8.333 1089.0 CP1000 Unit 1# nt3 P10 0608187475 6789 6953 8.118 7.373 7.551 1086.0 1086.0 CPR1000 1086.0 Unit 3# CPR1000 Unit 2# CPR1000 Unit 1# nt2 P0018. .8 7147 7.783 1089.0 CP1000 Unit 2# nt1 P0 5. .1 6169 4.010 650.0 CP600 Unit 1# nt2 P0 5. .1 2491 1.619 650.0 CP600 Unit 2# nt2 P10 0601951837 7133 1.995 7.746 1086.0 1086.0 CPR1000 Unit 2# CPR1000 Unit 1# Units 35 Type Installed capacity 33. 1.1 6987 210.519 33632.0 (MWe) generation Power (TWh) Equipment utilization hours 18/2/3 下午2:11 5 Chapter I: Overview of China’s Nuclear Power Development 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 6

6 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide of nuclearpowerunitsunderconstructionintheworld. capacity ofabout23.9millionkilowatts(see Table 1-2).Chinaisthecountrywithlargest number As ofDecember31,2016,Chinahad21nuclearpowerunitsunderconstruction,withatotalinstalled 1.2.2 OverviewofNuclearPowerUnitsunderConstruction impact onlocalenvironment. radiation level. The constructionandoperationofnuclearpowerplantshave notbroughtanyadverse local of range fluctuation normal the within constant remained has plant power nuclear a of areas ing 24-hour basis. The monitoringresultsshowthattheambientairabsorptiondoserateinsurround- uously monitorthelevelofambientradiationinsurroundingareasanuclearpowerplanton quirements ofrelevantnationalstandards. re- the below far is NPPs operating all from effluent radioactive of emission the and effluents), eous and abouthalfoftheindicatorsareaboveinternationaladvancedlevel. (WANO),tors level, median global the above generally are China in NPPs of indicators operating the the of indicators operating Worldthe to contrast In counterparts. tional Opera- Nuclear of Association Guangdong Yangjiang Liaoning Hongyanhe Shandong Haiyang The environmentalprotectiondepartments,wherethenuclearpowerplantsarelocated,contin- gas- and (liquid effluents radioactive of levels emission the control strictly plants power Nuclear Zhejiang Sanmen Jiangsu Tianwan Unit underConstruction Table 1-2NuclearPowerUnitsunderConstructioninChina (excluding Taiwan) (as ofDecember2016) nt2 AP1000 AP1000 Unit 2# Unit 1# nt2 AP1000 AP1000 Unit 2# Unit 1# nt6 CPR1000 CPR1000 Unit 6# Unit 5# nt6 CPR1000 CPR1000 Unit 6# CPR1000 Unit 5# Unit 4# CP1000 CP1000 Unit 6# Unit 5# nt4 VR001120 VVER1000 Unit 4# nt3 VR001120 VVER1000 Unit 3# Type Installed capacity (MWe) 1250 1250 1250 1250 1080 1080 1086 1086 1086 1080 1080

FCD time 2009/12 2009/03 2010/06 2009/09 2015/07 2015/03 2013/12 2013/09 2016/09 2015/12 2013/09 2012/12 2012/11 18/2/3 下午2:11 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 7 Plan, clear powerinChina. The ChinesegovernmenthassuccessivelyreleasedtheChina’s 13thFive-Year China’s 13thFive-Year PlanPeriodstarted in2016andisacrucialperiodforthedevelopmentofnu- Karachi, inPakistan(K2/K3),andallprojectshavemadegoodprogress. and 3/4) (Unit Guangxi in Fangchenggang, 5/6), (Unit Fujian in Fuqing, in time same the at struction tional third-generationnuclearpowertechnologyrequirements. At present,HPR1000isundercon- home andabroadaftertheFukushimanuclearaccident;performanceindicatorsmeetinterna- nuclear powertechnology, whileatthesametimeintegratingtechnicalimprovementsmadeboth experience inChina,whichdraws the advanced designconceptsoftheinternational third-generation developed byChina. The technology isbasedon30yearsofnuclearpowerconstructionandoperation difficulties havebeenbasicallysolvedandthefirstfurnaceloadingisabouttobegin. ly delayedcomparedtooriginalplans. With jointefforts ofbothChinaandforeigncountries,current many difficulties in the construction of AP1000 and EPR, and the construction period was significant- were there first-batch, or first international the are EPR and AP1000 As Guangdong. in Taishan,by inghouse ElectricCorporation,andEuropeanPWR(EPR)unitsimportedfromFranceareadopted struction inSanmen,Zhejiang,andHaiyang,Shandong,are AP1000 unitsimportedfrom West- most advancedthird-generationnuclear power technology. Among them, the two projectsunder con- struction of independent nuclear power demonstration projects, strive to build the core competitiveness struction ofindependentnuclearpowerdemonstrationprojects, strivetobuildthecorecompetitiveness Plan, requirethemtoadhereprinciplesofsafelydevelopment ofnuclearpower, increasethecon- quirements fortheconstructionofnewnuclearpowerprojects duringtheperiodof13thFive-Year Five-Year PlanforEnergy Technology Innovationandaseriesofdocuments,whichsetforthclearre- Guangxi Fangchenggang Shandong ShidaoBay Guangdong Taishan The third-generation units under construction also include HPR1000, which was independently The third-generationunitsunderconstructionalsoincludeHPR1000,whichwasindependently The unitsunderconstructionincludethemature“secondgenerationplus”modelsandworld’s 13th Five-Year PlanforEnergy Development , 1.3 Unit underConstruction Fujian Fuqing  The “ThirteenFive-Year”DevelopmentPlanfor China’sNuclearPower nt4 HPR1000 HPR1000 Unit 4# HPR1000 Unit 3# HPR1000 Unit 6# CP1000 Unit 5# EPR Unit 4# EPR Unit 2# Unit 1# 21 HTR—PM Type 13th Five-Year PlanforPowerDevelopment , Installed capacity (MWe) 24280 1089 1750 1750 1100 1100 1150 1150 200 FCD time 2016/12 2015/12 2015/12 2015/05 2010/04 2012/12 2012/11 2009/11 13th 13th 18/2/3 下午2:11 7 Chapter I: Overview of China’s Nuclear Power Development 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 8

8 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide ment ofmorethanRMB100billion. newly-started nuclearpowerunitswillreach25-30(5to6peryear),withanannualinvest- power unitsand58millionkilowattsofinstallednuclearinChinaby2020. The totalnumberof during the13thFive-Year Plan;therewillbemorethan30millionkilowattsofnewly-startednuclear of nuclearpowerandacceleratetheconstructionprojectsincoastalareas. According to the plan, 30 million kilowatts of new nuclear power plants will be put into operation According totheplan,30millionkilowattsofnewnuclearpowerplantswillbeputintooperation 18/2/3 下午2:11 Chapter II Government Competent Depart- 2 ments and Related Policies

2.1 Government Competent Departments and Main Responsibilities

The competent governmental departments in China, which are directly related to the nuclear power de- velopment, include National Energy Administration (NEA), National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA), China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA).

2.1.1 National Energy Administration National Energy Administration, under the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), is the industry authority for China’s energy and power including nuclear power. National Energy Administration is responsible for the national nuclear power industry manage- ment, including developing the nuclear power development planning, access conditions, technical standards and implementation; proposing opinions on nuclear power strategic deployment and major project approval; organizing and coordinating nuclear power scientific research; and organizing nucle- ar accident emergency management of nuclear power plants. In June 2016, National Energy Administration established China Nuclear Power Development Centre; its business scope includes research on laws and regulations, planning, policies and standards concerning nuclear power; implementation of major nuclear power projects; construction, operation and safety monitoring of nuclear power; accident emergency, fire fighting design review, operator qualification related work of nuclear power plants; research and development, training, publicity and popular science related work of nuclear power; consulting and assessment of nuclear power devel- opment, technology and equipment self-reliance; and international exchange and cooperation in the field of nuclear power. China Nuclear Power Development Centre provides technical support to the National Energy Administration in nuclear power management.

2.1.2 National Nuclear Safety Administration China National Nuclear Safety Administration was established in October 1984 and it is the body of Ministry of Environmental Protection, responsible for the nuclear and radiation safety regulation of nuclear and radiation safety supervision of national nuclear power plants and civilian nuclear facilities. It directly undertakes a total of 20 nuclear and radiation safety administrative licensing matters, involv- 9

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10 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide clear Emergency, Technical SupportCenterforNuclearSecurity, etc. for NationalDefence include Support Center, Technical Support Center for Nu- director oftheNuclearEmergency Office. Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND). SASTIND’s leader served as the nuclear exportcontrol,securityandnationalemergency managementofnuclearaccidents. the IAEA activities, responsible for the foreign exchange and cooperation in the nuclear industry field, cessing ofspentfuel,thetreatmentradioactivewasteanddecommissionnuclearfacilities,etc. natural uraniumminingandprocessing,nuclearfuelprocessing),thetransportation,storage,repro- the nuclearpowersectorinclude management of nuclearfuelsupply(includinguraniumexploration, mation Technology, andistheindustryauthorityforChina’s nuclearindustry. Majorresponsibilitiesin China Atomic Energy Authority isanational bureauadministeredbyMinistryofIndustryandInfor 2.1.3 ChinaAtomicEnergyAuthority engaged intechnicalreviewandR&D. etc. Among them,Beijing NuclearandRadiationSafetyCentercurrentlyhas600staff andismainly Protection, ChinaInstituteof Atomic Energy, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Radiation for Institute China Operation, Power Nuclear of Institute Research Center, Review Safety Nuclear EquipmentSafetyandReliabilityCenter, SuzhouNuclearSafetyCenter, BeijingNuclear jing NuclearandRadiationSafetyCenter, ZhejiangRadiationEnvironmentalMonitoringStation, important itemsduringthedesign,manufacturing,constructionandoperationofNPPs. nel qualification and operational safety of nuclear power plants, and to carry out on-site supervision on facturers tocarryoutroutinesafetyinspectionsoftheconstructionquality, equipmentquality, person- are responsiblefordispatchingsafetyinspectorstonuclearpowerplantsandmajorequipmentmanu- tions inShanghai,Shenzhen,Chengdu,Beijing,LanzhouandDalian.Regionalsupervisionstations of nuclearpowerandDivisionIIIresponsibleforthesafetysupervisionradiationsources. safety supervision of reactors and nuclear facilities, Division II responsible for the safety supervision within theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtection,withDivisionIresponsibleforresearchon divisions three by handled are businesses specific The Protection. Environmental of Ministry of ister and withtheNuclearRadiationMonitoring Technology Centeras themaintechnicalsupportbody. ty Administration) asthecore,withnuclearandradiationmonitoringstationsmainforce, tory systemwiththeheadquartersofMinistryEnvironmentalProtection(NationalNuclearSafe- tive testing,etc. nuclear materialpermits, safety equipmentdesign,manufacture,installation and non-destruc - ing constructionandoperationpermitsfornuclearpowerplant,plantoperators’ license, Nuclear-related institutions under the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry National Nuclear Emergency Response Office was established under the State Administration of The chairmanofChina Atomic Energy Agency, onbehalfoftheChinesegovernment,attends Technical supportunitsincludemore than 10universitiesandresearchinstitutes,includingBei- The regionalsupervisionstationisheadquarteredinBeijingandhassixmonitoringsta- The Director of National Nuclear Safety Administration is concurrently served by the Vice Min- After 30yearsofdevelopment,thenuclearandradiationregulationinChinahasformedaregula- - 18/2/3 下午2:11 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 11 power technologyandstandardsystem. experience, tocreateChina’s independent nuclearpowerbrand,andtoestablishtherelated erty rightsby AP1000 technologyintroductionanddigestionaswellrelying projectconstruction Nuclear powerplant”. The goalistodevelopCAP1400 technologywithindependentintellectualprop- and technologicalproject“Large-scale Advanced PWRandHigh-temperatureGas-cooled Reactor scientific major the of plan implementation overall the approved Council State the 2008, February In 2.2.2 TheimplementationofMajorNuclearScience andTechnologyProjects inland nuclearpowerprojects. Jiangsu Tianwan PhaseIII nuclearpowerproject;andtoactivelycarryoutthepreliminaryworkfor start the construction ofa number of coastalnuclearpowerprojects;tospeed up theconstructionof gang, Guangxi; to start construction of demonstration project CAP1400 in Rongcheng, Shandong; to and Sanmen in projects relying Haiyang, aswelltwodemonstrationprojectsusing“HPR1000”inFuqing,FujianandinFangcheng- AP1000 two build to proposes Outline the goals, development of and constructindependentnucleardemonstrationengineeringprojectsinasafemanner.” Interms People’s Republic ofChinapublishedinMarch2016requiresto“focusonthecoastalnuclearpower of nuclearpowerunderconstructionwillreach30millionkilowattsormore”. installed capacityofnuclearpowerin-servicewillreach58millionkilowatts,andthe the 2020, “by that objective the confirmed safety.plan the The ensuring and standards safety highest nuclear powerprojectsintheeasterncoastalareasunderpremiseofadoptinginternational (2004-2020), clearlyproposingthe“safedevelopmentofnuclearpower”andtimelylaunchnew from 58millionkilowattsto88by2020. 18 millionkilowattsto30kilowatts;andthetotalcapacityofnuclearpowerwillbeincreased watts by2020;theinstalledcapacityofnuclearpowerunderconstructionwillbeincreasedfrom power in-serviceinChinawillbeincreasedfromtheoriginal40millionkilowattsto58kilo- Development Plan(2011-2020) . Comparedwiththe2007version,installedcapacityofnuclear On ciently developingnuclearpoweronthebasisofensuringsafety”. - “effi of principle the forward put clearly further Plan of National Economy and Social Development 2.2.1 by 2020. kilowatts andtheinstalledcapacityofnuclearpowerunderconstructionwillreach18million (2005-2020), andproposedthatinstalledcapacityofnuclearpowerin-servicewillreach40million China’sfirst approved and reviewed ing ward theprincipleof“activelydevelopingnuclearpower.”In 2007,theStateCouncilExecutiveMeet- mulating the11th Five-Year PlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentformallyput October 11, 2005, the 11,2005, October In January 2014, the CAP1400 completed its preliminary design and wasapprovedby Nation- The Outlineofthe13thFive-Year PlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentofthe In June2014,theStateCouncilissuedandprintedEnergy DevelopmentStrategy Action Plan In October 2012, the State Council approved the revised On October 15, 2010, the

Guidelines 2.2  China’s RelatedPoliciesEncouragingtheDevelopmentofNuclearPower

for

“Active” Proposal oftheCPCCentralCommitteeandGovernmentonFor Proposal ofCPCCentralCommitteeonFormulatingthe12

and

“Safe Medium andLong-Term NuclearPowerDevelopmentPlan

and

Efficient”

Development Medium andLong-Term NuclearPower

of

Nuclear

Power th Five-Year - - 11 18/2/3 下午2:11 Chapter II: Government Competent Departments and Related Policies 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 12

12 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide official commercial operation, the return rate is 70% of the taxation in storage; within the period from from period the within storage; in taxation the of 70% is rate return the operation, commercial official in storage;withintheperiodfromsixthto10th year startingfromthesecondmonthafter taxation the of 75% is rate return the operation, commercial official the after month second the from starting years five within is: rate return specific The stages. three in decreased be to is rate return the and operation; commercial into put officially been have units power nuclear after month the from ing power productsproducedandsoldbythenuclear generationenterpriseswithin15yearsstart- Notice onRelevantIssuesTax Policies oftheNuclearPowerIndustry. has ensuredtheprofitmargins ofnuclear powerenterprises. per kWhishigherthanthecostpriceofvastmajoritynationalnuclearpowerunits,which reported toandapprovedbytheNDRC. The benchmarkon-gridpricefornuclearpowerasRMB0.43 priately increased on the basis of the national benchmark on-grid price for nuclear power after being equipment localizationshallbeproposedbyprovincialpricingauthorities,andthepricecanappro- which undertaketheintroductionofnuclearpowertechnology, independentinnovation,majorspecial projects demonstration or units power nuclear of batch first or first the of price on-grid for scheme the located, are units power nuclear where units coal-fired for price on-grid benchmark the than lower is units areputintooperation.Forareaswherethenationalbenchmarkon-gridpricefornuclearpower power nuclear new the after implemented be shall units coal-fired for price on-grid benchmark local the located, are units power nuclear where below) same the cost, denitrification and desulfurization (including units coal-fired for price on-grid benchmark the than higher is power nuclear for price grid approved bytheNoticeisRMB0.43perkilowatt-hour. Forareaswherethenationalbenchmarkon- are putintooperationafterJanuary1,2013. The nationalbenchmarkon-gridpricefornuclear power Power On-gridPricetoimplementbenchmarkon-gridpricepolicyfornuclearpowerunitswhich In June2013,theNDRCissuedandpublishedNoticeonImproving theMechanismofNuclear 2.2.4 NuclearPowerBenchmarkPriceandVATReliefPolicies ar powerplantsstillreached6987hours,whichisfarhigherthanthatofothersources. in 2016,whentheelectricitysupplywasrelativelyloose,averageannualutilizationhoursofnucle- power afavourablepositioninthegenerationschedule. tion, comprehensiveutilizationofresourcesgeneratingunits”. The relevantprovisionsgivenuclear energy on-grid electricquantityandpreferentiallyarrangethehydropower, nuclearpower, cogenera- and stability ofthe grid, the annual power generation plan shall make full arrangementof renewable er Generation Operation In May2014,theGuidingOpinionsonStrengthening andImproving RegulatoryManagementofPow- 2.2.3 PrioritizingNuclearPowerOn-grinding ulator, blastingvalveandothernuclearislandkeyequipment haveachievedlocalization. promoted. At present,exceptforthemain pipeline,thesteamgenerator, pressurevessel,reg- ry workfortheprojectconstructionisready. demonstration projectpassedthereviewofNationalNuclearSafety Administration. All thepreparato- al Energy Administration. InFebruary2016,thepreliminarysafetyanalysisreport oftheCAP1400 The Notice stipulates that the value-added tax refund policy shall be implemented for electric The Noticestipulatesthatthevalue-addedtaxrefund policy shallbeimplementedforelectric In April 2008,theMinistryofFinanceandState Administration of Taxation jointlyissuedthe Even 7,300. above remained units power nuclear of hours utilization average the years, the Over With thesupportofmajorproject,localization CAP1400 equipmenthasbeencontinuously issued by the NDRC specified that “under the premise of ensuring the safety 18/2/3 下午2:11 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 13 investors anditisconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofnuclearpower. reasonable compensationwhentheysuffer nucleardamage;meanwhile,italsoprotectstheinterests of the liabilityfordamagecausedbynuclearaccidents. effective of and performance timely ensure to as so operation, the to prior limits liability their fulfil to sufficient insurance purchase must plant power nuclear of operator the that required is It million. 800 the stipulatedmaximumamountofcompensation,providedbystateisRMB RMB 300million.Ifthetotalcompensationpayablefordamagecausedbyanuclearaccidentexceeds pensation fordamagecausedbyanuclearaccidentassumedtheoperatorofpowerplantis ronmental damagecausedbyanuclearaccident.Italsostipulatesthatthemaximumamountofcom- nuclear powerplantshallbeliableforcompensationhumancasualties,propertydamageorenvi- ages inNuclear Accidents issuedinJune2007. The basisforcompensationnucleardamageistheReplyofStateCouncilonIssueDam- 2.2.6 EstablishingNuclearAccidentDamageCompensationSystem waste disposal. the spentfueltransport,storageout-site,reprocessingandhigh-levelradioactive for used mainly is fund The kWh. / 0.026 RMB is standard collection the years; five over for eration fund shall be collected from the PWR nuclear power units which have been put into commercial op- Disposal FundsofNuclearpowerplant. The Interim Measuresstipulatethatthespentfueldisposal sued andpublishedtheInterimMeasures forthe Administration ofCollectionandUse Spent Fuel In July2010,theMinistryofFinance,NDRC,IndustryandInformation Technology is- 2.2.5 EstablishingSpentFuelDisposalFund improves theprofitabilityofnuclearpowercompanies. is implementedfornuclearpowerunits,whichreducestheburdenoncompaniesand official commercial operation, the VAT refund policy shall not be implemented. The VAT refund policy return rateis55%ofthetaxationinstorage;after15yearsstartingfromsecondmonth the operation, commercial official the after month second the from starting year 15th the to 11th the Nuclear accident damage system protects the public interest and enable them to obtain full and Nuclear accidentdamagesystemprotectsthepublicinterestandenablethemtoobtainfull The ReplystipulatesthatwithintheterritoryofPeople’s RepublicofChina,theoperator of 13 18/2/3 下午2:11 Chapter II: Government Competent Departments and Related Policies Chapter III China’s Nuclear Safety Culture 3 and Nuclear Safety Regulation

3.1 China’s Nuclear Safety Concept and Nuclear Safety Culture

In March 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping elaborated on China’s “rational, coordinated and pro- gressive” approach of nuclear safety, emphasized “equal emphasis on development and security, equal emphasis on rights and obligations, equal emphasis on autonomy and coordination, equal emphasis on standardization and permanent cure”, and made solemn promise that “China will unswervingly strengthen its own nuclear safety capabilities and continue to make its solemn commitment to strength- ening government regulatory capabilities, increasing R&D on nuclear safety technologies and input of human resources and adhering to the cultivation and development of a nuclear safety culture” on the World Third Nuclear Safety Summit held in Hague, Netherlands. “Nuclear safety” refers to taking necessary and sufficient safety measures, such as monitoring, protection, prevention and mitigation, for nuclear facilities, nuclear activities, nuclear materials and ra- dioactive materials, and preventing any accident due to any technical reasons, human factor or natural disasters, minimizing the radiological consequences of accident and protecting workers, the public and the environment from undue radiation. On December 19, 2014, the National Nuclear Safety Administration, National Energy Adminis- tration, State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence jointly issued the Nuclear Safety Culture Policy Statement and put forward the eight characteristics of nurturing and practicing a nuclear safety culture: (1) Decision makers’ safety view and commitment Decision-makers should establish the correct concept of nuclear safety. In the decision-making process of establishing development goals, formulating development plans, establishing a management sys- tem, establishing a supervisory mechanism and implementing safety responsibilities, it shall always uphold the fundamental principle of “safety first” and make commitments to ensure safety goals. (2)Management personnel’s attitude and exemplary role Management should set an example by giving full play to its exemplary and demonstration role in enhancing their own safety and cultural accomplishments, establishing and strictly implementing the safety management system, implementing safety responsibilities, giving sufficient powers to safety 14 posts and providing sufficient resources for safety measures, and taking a prudent and conservative

中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 14 18/2/3 下午2:11 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 15 culture. disseminate theentiresociety’s nuclearsafetycultureandcontinuouslyimproveits and properlytreatdealwiththeneedsofstakeholders. ers andmanagementshouldlistentodifferent opinionsinamulti-channelmannerwithanopenmind public participation,popularsciencepromotionandothercommunicationmodes;policymak- The public’s righttoknow, participateandsuperviseshouldbeenforcedthroughpublicinformation, (8) Creatingharmoniouspublicrelations feedback systemshouldbeestablishedtopreventhumanerrors. the potentialproblemsandsafetyhazardsreportedbyemployees;aneffective empirical subject todiscriminationandretaliation;managersshouldrespondpromptlyreasonablysolve nism toencourageallemployeesfreelyreportsafety-relatedissuesandensurethattheywillnotbe Enterprises shouldadvocateastrictquestioningattitudetowardssecurityissues,establishmecha- (7) Establishingamechanismforquestioning,reportingandexperientialfeedbackonsafetyissues tive andimpartialway. objec- an in contradictions and conflicts solve collaboration; and solidarity trust, high respect, mutual staff promotionmechanism;enhancecommunicationandexchange,createaworkingatmosphere of ture andhardwareconditions,establishawidelyacceptedincentivemechanismanopenfair Enterprises shouldsetappropriateworkinghoursandlabourintensity, provideconvenientinfrastruc- (6) Creatingasuitableworkingenvironment ning, scheduling,controllingcostscannotoverridesafety. tem, ensuringthatanyconsiderationinsettingpolicies,upagencies,allocatingresources,plan- sys- management rational and scientific a establish should units operating and mechanism, regulatory strict a and system management rational and scientific a perfect and establish should government The (5) Buildingacomprehensiveandeffective managementsystem lence andself-transcendence. improvement, guardagainstarroganceandrashness,aimforcontinuousinnovationpursueexcel- teamwork spiritandformalearningatmosphereofinheritingcarryingforward,continuetomake ously carryoutguidance, training andevaluation, improve employees’ professionalskills,cultivatea All membersshouldstrivetoformulateasystematicstudyandtrainingplan,activelycontinu- (4) Cultivatinglearning-basedorganization in whicheveryoneisthecreatoranddefenderofsafety. make securitycommitments,strictlyimplementprovisionsandcreateaworkingatmosphere All membersshallcorrectlyunderstandandrecognizetheirrespectivenuclearsafetyresponsibilities, (3) Fullparticipationandsenseofresponsibility attitude towardssecurity-relateddecisions. first” and follows the regulatory principle of “independence, openness, rule of law, rationality and and rationality law, effectiveness”. After morethan30yearsof supervisionandmanagementpractice,improvednuclear of rule openness, “independence, of principle regulatory the follows and first” quality and first “safety of principle fundamental the to adheres supervision safety nuclear China’s Facing therapiddevelopmentofnuclearpower, Chinawillmoreactivelyadvocate,nurtureand 3.2  China’s NuclearSafetyRegulation 15 18/2/3 下午2:11 Chapter III: China’s Nuclear Safety View and Nuclear Safety Culture 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 16

16 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide Power Plant, the Submissions, theNuclearPowerPlantConstructionPermit , theFirstLoading Approval forNuclear engage innuclearsafetyrelatedactivities. can Administration Safety Nuclear National the by granted holders permit Only etc. transportation, material radioactive and waste radioactive material, nuclear equipment, safety nuclear qualification, The full-rangepermitreferstotheimplementationof permitforvariousaspects,suchaspersonnel such assiteselection,design,construction,operationand decommissioningofnuclearpowerplants. utilization. The whole-processpermitreferstothe implementation ofthepermitforvariousstages, China implements the whole-process and full-range nuclear safety permit system for nuclear energy 3.2.2 NuclearSafetyPermit ferent methodsinpractice,butmustprovethattheusedhaveatleastsamesafetylevel. dif- use may holder permit The documents. guidance are which above, described expertise of fields radiation environmentseries. management series,radioisotopeandradiationequipmentsupervision civilian nuclearsafetyequipmentsupervisionandmanagementseries,radioactivematerialtransport clear reactorfuelcyclefacilities,radioactivewastemanagementseries,nuclearmaterialcontrol non-nu- series, reactor research series, plant power nuclear series, general namely: field, professional China. NuclearsafetydepartmentregulationsinChinaaredividedinto10seriesaccordingtothe the safetymanagementofradioactivewaste. ment ofcivilnuclearfacilities,thesupervisionandmanagementsafetyequipment administrative regulationsputforwardtheoverallrequirementsforsafetysupervisionandmanage- related tonuclearsafetyalsoincludethe. nuclear safetysystem;theinformationdisclosureandpublicparticipationsystem,etc.Inaddition,laws the safetysystemfornuclearandradioactivewaste;emergency systemfornuclearaccidents;the responsibilities and obligationsoftheoperatingagenciesnuclearfacilities;permitsystemformaterials; qualifications, the safety; nuclear ensuring for guarantee cultural and technical and chapters, withatotalof94articles.Keycontentsincludeguidelines,principles,responsibilitysystem which willbeimplementedsinceJanuary1st,2018. The NuclearSafetyLawisdividedintoeight People’s CongressdeliberatedandadoptedtheNuclearSafetyLawofPeople’s RepublicofChina, departmental rules,nuclearsafetyguidance,etc. China’s lawsandregulationssystemincludesseverallevelsincludinglaws,administrativeregulations, 3.2.1 LawsandRegulationsConcerningNuclearSafety role inthesafedevelopmentofnuclearenergy applicationsinChina. ards andinlinewithChina’s actualconditionshavebeenestablished,whichplayedanimportant safety regulatory system and laws and regulations system that are in line with the international stand- Nuclear Power Plant Site Selection Review (1) Nuclearpowerplantrelatedpermits,includingthePowerPlantSiteSelectionReview The typesandcontentsofChina’s nuclearsafetypermitareasfollows: 10 the of basis the on developed procedures and methods specific are guidelines safety Nuclear The departmentalrulesshallbeformulatedbytherelevantdepartmentsofStateCouncil Administrative RegulationsareformulatedbytheStateCouncilofChina.Existingnuclearsafety In September2017,the29 Laws areformulatedbytheNationalPeople’s CongressanditsStandingCommittee. Nuclear Power Plant Operation Permit, the th meetingofChina’s 12 th Session of Standing Committee of National SessionofStandingCommitteeNational Nuclear Power Plant Retirement Ap- 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 17 ufacture, installationandnon-destructive testingofcivilnuclearsafetyequipment meetthecorre- for civiliannuclearfacilitiesinChina. not design,manufacture,installorconductnon-destructive testingofcivilnuclearsafetyequipment Environmental Protection(NationalNuclearSafety Administration). Unregisteredoverseasunitsmay vilian nuclearfacilitiesinChina,havetherighttosubmit aregistrationapplicationtotheMinistryof nuclear safetyequipmentdesign,manufacture,installation ornon-destructivetestingactivitiesforci- the registration ofoverseasunitsandthesafetyinspection importedciviliannuclearsafetyequipment. for methods specific the stipulates content core Its rules. supplementary and liability legal tion, inspection, supervisionandsafetyofimportedciviliannuclearequipmentinspec- the StateCouncil,supervisionandinspectionofcivilnuclearfacilitiesoperatingunits,pre-shipment istration of overseas units, supervision andinspectionof nuclear safety regulatoryauthoritiesunder (HAF604-2007). ment Welders(HAF603-2007); nel Qualifications(HAF602-2007); structive Testing ofCivilianNuclearSafetyEquipment(HAF601-2007); on July11, 2007); ment mainlyinclude: China’s laws and regulations on the supervision and administration of civilian nuclear safety equip- 3.2.3 .1 The basicrequirementsofsupervisionandmanagement 3.2.3 SupervisionandManagementofImportedCivilianNuclearSafetyEquipment transport containersandthecheckingofclass-1radioactivematerials,etc. radioactive materialtransportcontainers,themanufacturingactivitiesofclass-1 solid wastemustapplyforapermitissuedbytheNationalNuclearSafety Administration. Safety Administration isresponsibleforapprovingthefirstnuclearmaterialpermit. State Administration ofScience, Technology andIndustryforNationalDefenceNuclear unit stipulatedbythestate,nuclearmaterialpermitmustbeapplied. The permitisissuedbythe and welding operatorqualificationcertificate. certificate welder equipment safety nuclear certificate, qualification personnel testing structive and non-destructive testing permitsfor nuclear safety equipment, nuclear safety equipment non-de- proval, as well as the The registration system can effectively guarantee that overseas units engaged in the design, man- According totheprovisionsofHAF604,overseasunits, whicharewillingtoprovidecivilian HAF604 consistsofsevenchapters,withatotal46articles,includinggeneralprovisions,reg- Among them,HAF604isspecificallyfortheimportofciviliannuclearsafetyequipment. Supervision andManagementRegulationsonImportedCivilianNuclearSafetyEquipment Weldingon Regulations Management Equip- Safety Nuclear Civilian of Qualification Operation Management Regulations on Civilian Nuclear Safety Equipment Non-destructive Testing Person- Supervision andManagementRegulationsontheDesign,Manufacture, Installation andNon-de- Regulation ontheSupervisionandManagementofCivilNuclearSafetyEquipment(Promulgated (5) Relevantpermitsforthetransportofradioactivematerial,includingdesignclass-1 (4) Radioactivewasterelatedpermits.Unitsengagedinthestorageanddisposalofradioactive (3) Nuclearmaterialsrelatedpermits.Ifthequantityofnuclearmaterialheldreacheslimited (2) Civilnuclearsafetyequipmentrelatedpermits,includingthedesign,manufacture,installation Operator License and Senior Operator License of nuclear power plant operators. 17 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter III: China’s Nuclear Safety View and Nuclear Safety Culture 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 18

18 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide additionally submittheprocurementdemandproofmaterialsforatleast2units. in Chinawithinthevalidregistrationperiod;unitwhichhasnotengagedrelevantactivitiesshall Evaluation Reportifithasengagedinnuclearsafetyequipmentactivitiesrelatedwithfacilities Usage the submit shall also but materials, supporting relevant the submit and application first the by of Confirmation. Registration the of expiration the of advance in months 6 application first the of that as requirements plication totheNationalNuclearSafety Administration againaccordingtothesamematerialformat ap- registration a submit shall expired is Confirmation of Registration the after activities relevant in Registration Confirmation is valid for five years. The overseas units which need to continue to engage 3.2.3.3 The validityofthecertificateandhowtoextendit. cilities inChina. safety equipmentdesign,manufacture,installationandnon-destructivetestingforciviliannuclearfa- of the end of 2016, there is no charge for the registration of offshore units providing civilian nuclear visions of the State and no fee shall be charged before the specific charging standard is formulated. As acceptance. (excluding timerequiredfortechnicalreview, documenttransmission,etc.)startingfromthedateof The National Nuclear Safety Administration shall make the approval decision within 45 working days 3.2.3.2 The lengthoftimeandcostrequiredbytheapprovalprocess cedures shallnotbeperformed. for safetyinspectionmeansthatitdoesnotmeettherequirementsandcommoditypro- unqualified is that equipment inspection; safety for qualified is that equipment the for formalities tion modity inspectionprocedures. The entry-exitinspectionagencyonlycanperformcommodityinspec- regulations inChina. nuclear safetyequipmentengagedinbyoverseasunitsmeettherequirementsofrelevantlawsand of civilnuclearsafetyequipmentifnecessary, soastoverifywhethertheactivitiesofimportedcivilian implemented onoverseasunitwhichdesign,manufacture,installandconductnon-destructivetesting sponding requirements. Meanwhile, through the registration system, supervision and inspection can be meeting andmakeapprovaldecisionafterthedeliberation hasbeenpassed. mental Protection (National Nuclear Safety Administration) will make review on the company affair select thebestonesandeliminateinferiorones. and forunitswithnoperformancebutqualityproblems, thereviewproceduresshallbeenhancedto simplified; be can procedures review history,the quality and performance good relatively with units for again; application submit which units applying qualified the on review technical out carry and ize application the materials. in years five recent the in etc.) Qualifications, Instruments, and Equipment Testing Changes in Design and Manufacturing Owners, Design Validation, Plant and Major Equipment, Major ganizational Structure,Quality Assurance Programand Procedures, Total Numberof Technical Staff, The overseas unit which submits an application again shall describe changes in their units (Or units their in changes describe shall again application an submits which unit overseas The The unitapplyingforre-applicationshallnotonlymeettheperformancerequirementsrequired Technical reviewcostsshallbecharged forreviewofregistrationsaccordingtotherelevantpro- com- the of fulfillment the for prerequisite basic the is inspection safety of implementation The After thetechnicalreviewunithascompleted evaluation,theMinistryofEnviron- The MinistryofEnvironmentalProtection(NationalNuclear Safety Administration) shallorgan- - 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 19 review hasbeenpassed,the groupcompany’s Safety, Qualityand EnvironmentDepartmentsorthe conditions ofsuppliers. environmental quality, safety, and level technical status, financial ability, performance performance, relevant qualifications, basic the confirming include mainly which suppliers, the by docu- returned the ments on based contract the fulfil to ability the and qualification bidding the has supplier the er General NuclearPowerGroup. China of supplier qualified a become will company foreign the examination, final the passing After review. other and review review, source document include suppliers of methods review qualification The required. as review qualification supplier initiate will agency management supplier group’s the group’s suppliermanagementagency, foreigncompanies become thepotentialsuppliers. Thereafter, in totheElectronicCommercialPlatform(ECP)andregisterasamember. After beingapprovedbythe To become a qualified supplier of China General Nuclear Power Group, the foreign company must log 3.3.2 ChinaGeneralNuclearPowerGroup(CGN) tion ofqualifiedsuppliers,theycanbecomethefirst-tierandsecond-tiersuppliersgroup. platform or the Xingyuan Certification Center. After registering and passing the qualification examina- learn abouttherelevantinformationthroughChinaNationalNuclearCorporatione-commerce but many overseas companies have become qualified suppliers of the group. Overseas enterprises can become qualifiedsuppliersofChinaNationalNuclearCorporation. and Corporation Nuclear National China of Suppliers Qualified of Directory the in included be then will companies the Corporation; Nuclear National China to issued be will Certificate Supplier ified Qual- a evaluation, final the passing (http://gys.cnnc.com.cn). After XQCC to application evaluation register andobtaintheiraccount number and password.Subsequently, they shallsubmittheirsupplier to (http://epc.cnnc.com.cn) platform e-commerce Corporation Nuclear National China the to in log first must companies foreign Corporation, Nuclear National China of supplier qualified Toa become 3.3.1 ChinaNationalNuclearCorporation(CNNC) suppliers. the enterprisesprovidingproductsandservicescanparticipateingroup’s relatedbusinessesas passed, is evaluation final the after Only suppliers. nuclear-level of types different for requirements different qualification have and system, evaluation supplier qualified and independent own their have relevant provisionsofChina’s nuclearpowerenterprises. All threenuclearpowergroupsinChina the with accordance in evaluation for application their submit to need enterprises Overseas China. in but it will not make a company automatically become a qualified supplier of nuclear power enterprises The certification of National Nuclear Safety Administration can be used as a nuclear-level certification, tion (http://www.zhb.gov.cn/) onaregularbasis. the approvalinformationonlineatgovernmentwebsiteofMinistryEnvironmentalProtec- 2. Sourcereview: As forthesuppliersthatneedtoreceivesourcereview, afterthedocument 1. Document review: Sending qualification review documents to the supplier and judging wheth- At present,ChinaNationalNuclearCorporationhasnotsetupaspecialEnglishbiddingwebsite, The MinistryofEnvironmentalProtection(NationalNuclearSafety Administration) willpublish 3.3  Qualified

Suppliers

Access

Procedures 19 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter III: China’s Nuclear Safety View and Nuclear Safety Culture 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 20

20 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide Co., Ltd. as the acting tender. Specific information is available on the official website. Co., Ltd.astheactingtender. Specificinformationisavailableontheofficialwebsite. China NationalNuclearPowerCo.,Ltd.generallyentrustSPICCompleteEquipment ing totherequirementsofMinistryCommerce,StatePowerInvestmentCorporationand com), andparticipate in relevantmattersas required; forthe procurement in the globalmarket, accord- China, with reference to the information published by China Bidding Website (http://www.bidchance. procurement. For the procurement in the domestic market, overseas companies need to set up offices in Department. Procurementapproachisdividedintodomesticmarketprocurementandglobal the MaterialsProcurementDepartment,andresponsibledepartmentisCommercialLegal and FuelDepartment. rules and evaluation criteria of qualified supplier approved by the National Nuclear Power Equipment mance. Evaluationmethodsshouldbeimplementedinaccordancewith the evaluation management ASME card,etc.),qualityassurancesystem,technicalcapabilities,economicstrengthandpastperfor States United of certificate the Administration, Safety Nuclear National of license safety nuclear the The evaluationscopeofStatePowerInvestmentCorporationincludesuppliers’ forensics(such as 3.3.3 StatePowerInvestmentCorporation(SPIC) com.cn/ can helpoverseascompaniestomakeinquiries. bidding centeroftheengineeringcompanyisresponsibleforinternationalprojectsand by thegroup.Inaccordancewithoperationrulesofengineeringcompany’s biddingcenter, the instructed as responsibilities service public tender the fulfils center bidding group’sthe authorization, company’s supplierandthecentralizedmanagementdepartmentofbiddingbusiness. According tothe in thisregardneedtobesubmittedtheGroupBiddingManagementCenter. and maychooseotherspecialreviewmethods. The correspondingregulationsmadebythecompanies may choosetoentrustanexternalagencymakereview, simplifyreview, beexemptedfromreview, required, adoptcorrespondingreviewstrategyandissueseparatewrittenopinions. dispatched technical and business personnel shall review the place where the supplier is located as Website ofStateNuclearPower Technology Corporation:http://www.snptc.com/ Website ofStatePowerInvestmentCorporation:http://www.spic.com.cn/ The responsibledepartmentforthesupplierevaluationofStatePowerInvestmentCorporationis China General Nuclear Power Group of China General Nuclear Power Group: http://www.cgnpc. The biddingcenterofChinaNuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.(CGN)istheengineering 3. Other review: Due to the different businesses of the companies under the group, each company - 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter IV New Nuclear Power Projects 4 in China

4.1 New Nuclear Power Projects and Their Technical Features

According to the requirements of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan, the installed capacity of will reach 58 million kilowatts by 2020; more than 30 million kilowatts are under construc- tion; and there is an average of five to six newly-built nuclear power plants each year. The main mod- els for the nuclear power plants built during the 13th Five-year Period include HPR1000, CAP1000, CAP1400 and 600-MW demonstration fast reactors and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. Table 4-1 lists the model selection of some projects. Table 4-1 Part of New Nuclear Power Projects to Be Built During the 13th Five-Year Plan period Model Installed capacity (MWt) Proposed project Ningde Phase 2; Zhangzhou in Fujian; HPR1000 1200×2 Taipingling in Guangdong; Haiyang Phase 2; Xudabao in Liaoning; CAP1000 1250×2 Lufeng in Guangdong; Sanmen Phase 2; Cangnan in Zhejiang; Haixing in Hebei; Shandong Shidao Bay CAP1400 CAP1400 1500×2 Demonstration Project (2 units)

600-MW Demonstration Fast 600×1 Xiapu in Fujian; Reactor High-temperature gas- 600 Wan’an in Fujian, etc.; cooled reactor VVER 1060×2 Tianwan Phase 4 ACP100 100 Changjiang in Hainan Since a number of new nuclear power projects have not been approved yet, projects and models may change in the future approval process. The reactor type in Table 4-1 is for reference only. 21

中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 21 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 22

22 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide projects inCangnanZhejiangandHaixingHebeiare alsopreparedtouseCAP1000technology. CAP 1000 technology, and are planned to start construction in the first half of 2018. The nuclear power ing, LufenginGuangdongandSanmenPhaseIIZhejiang havetentativelydeterminedtoadoptthe fourth unit. the for 70% about to unit first the for 25% the from increased, continuously was equipment major of operation soon. 2009. So far, all the work before the first loading has been completed and it will be loaded and put into valves, thushavinganumberofeconomicadvantages. fuel assemblies, modular design and construction, which significantly reduce the number of pipes and not lessthan93%. AP1000 adoptsafullydigitalinstrument controlsystem(DCS),advancednuclear acceleration is0.3g;thedesignedservicelife60years;andavailabilityofnuclearpowerplan power plantsandtheenvironmentwithoutneedforexternalpersonnelintervention. 72 hoursafteraseriousaccident,itcanrelyentirelyonpassivesystemstoensurethesafetyofnuclear core andensurethesafetyofreactorduringemergency coolinginresponsetoanaccident. Within vection, gravity, evaporation,condensationandothernaturalsubstancestoremovetheheatfrom main feature is the use of “passive safety system” to take advantage of the inherent laws of natural con- key equipmentcanbemanufacturedlocally, withalocalizationrateofmorethan80%. AP1000 standarddesignhasbeencompleted;exceptforasmallnumberofkeyequipment,CAP1000’s search andDesignInstitutebasedontheintroductionof AP1000 fromtheUnitedStates. At present, CAP1000 istheChineselocalized AP1000 technologyformedbyShanghaiNuclearEngineeringRe- 4.1.2 CAP1000 (No. 1/2)willalsoadoptHPR1000. projects in Fujian Ningde Phase II (No. 5/6), Fujian Zhangzhou (No. 1/2) and Guangdong Taipingling power nuclear new proposed the addition, In Pakistan. Karachi, in K2/K3 unit and Province Guangxi Fangchenggang, in #3/4 units Province, Fujian Fuqing, in #5/6 units are which construction, under Fuqing, FujianProvince(Unit5,Fuqing)onMay7,2015. At present,therearesixunitsofHPR1000 in started has HPR1000 of reactor first the of construction The 85%. than more reach can rate ization ar powertechnology. performance ofHPR1000havereachedtheadvancedlevelinternationalthird-generationnucle- of 60years,etc. After review, domesticandforeignexpertsbelievethatthesafetyindextechnical all-digital instrumentcontrolsystem(DCS),benchmarkgroundlevelaccelerationof0.3g,designlife and passive”multipleredundanciesforsafetysystem,singlepilearrangement,doublecontainment, Its maindesignfeaturesinclude:177fuelassembliesforthereactorcore,acombinationof“active HPR1000 isthethird-generationnuclearpowertechnologyjointlydevelopedbyCNNCandCGN. 4.1.1 HPR1000 The proposednuclearpowerprojects,suchasHaiyang Phase IIinShandong,XudaboLiaon- During theconstructionprocessoffour AP1000 unitsinSanmen,Haiyang,the localizationrate April in China Sanmen, in started was 1000 AP of reactor first world’s the of construction The For AP1000, thesingleunitpoweris1.25millionkilowatts; thedesignedbenchmarkgroundlevel The AP1000 isalarge commercial PWR developed by Westinghouse ElectricCorporation. Its The equipmentmanufacturingofHPR1000isbasedonChina’s existingindustrialsystem.Local- 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 23 and thesafetyeconomyarefurtherimproved. experience ofFukushimaaccidentfeedback,thushavingtheabilitytodealwithover-design accidents; 4-2). CAP1400notonlyretainsthemainfeaturesof AP1000’s advanceddesign,butalsointegratesthe been increased,andtheouterlayerhasabilitytowithstandlarge commercialaircraftimpacts(Table thermal safetymargin ismorethan15%. At thesametime,sizeofsteelcontainmenthasalso nuclear power plant was increased from 1250MWe of AP1000 to 1500MWe, which can ensure that the increased; thenumberoffuelassemblieswasincreasedfrom157 AP1000 to193;thepowerof conventional islandswereredesignedandsystematicallyoptimized. The corefuelassemblyloadwas safety systems,majornuclearislandsupportmainequipment,plantlayoutsand with the AP1000. DuringthedevelopmentprocessofCAP1400,reactorcoolantsystems,dedicated nuclear powertechnology. gy projects,theStateNuclearPower Technology CorporationindependentlydevelopedtheCAP1400 large PWRsexceeds 1.35millionkilowatts.Underthesupportofmajornationalscienceandtechnolo- has independent intellectual property rights if the electric power of China’s self-developed passive According tothe AP1000 technology transfer contract reached by China andthe United States, China 4.1.3 CAP1400 stitute Co., Ltd. and State Nuclear Electric Power Planning Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. The stitute Co.,Ltd.andStateNuclear ElectricPowerPlanningDesign&ResearchInstitute Co.,Ltd. The State NuclearPowerEngineering Company, Shanghai Nuclear EngineeringResearch&DesignIn- company. The EPC contractingandprocurementareundertakenbyanationalnuclearteamformed ar PowerBaseinShandongProvince. The projectownerisanationaldemonstrationnuclearpower foundation fortheindependentdevelopmentofCAP1400. internal components, performance of steam generators and other six key technologies, which laid the in-vessel retention (PCS), reactor structural hydraulic simulation, flow-induced vibration simulation of projects includingpassivecorecoolingsystem(ACME), passivecontainmentcoolingsystem(IVR), Thermal (electrical) Operator response Main Technical Thermal margin The electric power of CAP1400 reaches 15 million kilowatts, with an increase of 20% compared The electricpowerofCAP1400reaches15millionkilowatts,withanincrease20%compared The CAP1400demonstrationprojectisproposedtobe constructedintheShidaoBayNucle- During theR&DprocessofCAP1400,Chinahassuccessively completedaseriesofresearch Core damage Power plant availability probability Indicator power time Table 4-2Main Technical Indicators of the CAP1400 40Wh(20Me 4058MWth(1500MWe) 3400MWth (1250MWe) 5×10 -7 AP1000 /Reactor *year 72 hours >15% >93% 4×10 -7 CAP1400 /Reactor *year 72 hours >15% >93% 23 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter IV: New Nuclear Power Projects in China 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 24

24 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide mation research and design platform, related experimental verification and equipment identification identification equipment and verification experimental related platform, design and research mation three-dimensional collaborativedesignsystem,whichhave initiallyformedtheengineeringtransfor and system design simulation bench, test verification valve nuclear laboratory,bench, test rod control reactor technologyresearchandinnovationbase. The EngineeringResearch Centerincludessimulator platform formainheliumfan,etc.,andformedacomplete, large-scale high-temperaturegas-cooled ball shut-off system, hot test and verification platform for control rod system, experimental verification absorption for platform verification and test hot system, refurbishment fuel for platform test cold and ry has set up13 test platforms including large-scale helium test circuit, steam generator test circuit, hot Engineering LaboratoryandResearchCenter wasestablished. The EngineeringLaborato - and putintoproduction. high-temperature gas-cooledreactorwithanannualoutputof300,000fuelballshasbeencompleted stration projecthavebeencompletedandrelatedexperimentscompleted. The industrial reactor components,mainheliumfansandsteamgeneratorheatexchangeunitsintheHTGRdemon- ed tobegrid-connectedin2018. 200,000-kWShidao BayHTRnuclearpowerplantdemonstrationprojectwasstarted;anditisexpect- tion projectasamajornationalscienceandtechnologyproject. At theendofDecember2012, cooled experimentalreactor. InJanuary2003,itachievedfull-powergrid-connected power generation. In themid-1980s,China’s Tsinghua Universityconductedastudyon10-MW high-temperaturegas- 4.1.5 High-TemperatureGas-cooledReactorNuclearPowerPlant by theendof2017. power stationisbeingactivelypromoted,andthefirsttankofconcrete(FCD)plannedtobepoured site islocatedinXiapu,FujianProvince. At present,the preliminaryworkoftheXiapufastreactor velop acommercialfastreactorpowerplantwithcapacityof600,000kW basedontheCEFR. The resources andtransmutinglong-livedradioactivewaste,theChineseGovernmenthasdecidedtode- China Instituteof Atomic Energy wassuccessfullygrid-connectedinJuly2011. The ChinaExperimentalFastReactor(CEFR)withathermalpowerof65MW constructedbythe 4.1.4 600-MWDemonstrationFastReactorNuclearpowerplant pleted andispendingapprovalbythegovernment. overall. At present,thepreliminaryworkofCAP1400demonstrationprojecthasbasicallybeencom- (IAEA); anditisbelievedthathasreachedthelatestIAEA safetyregulationsandrequirementsin passed theGeneralReactorSafetyReview(GRSR)ofInternational Atomic Energy Agency project wasreviewedbytheNationalNuclearSafety Administration. In April 2016,theCAP1400 ration andJiangsuElectricPowerConstructionCorporation. Corpo- Construction Power Electric SEPCO by undertaken is island conventional of installation civil E &CGroupandChinaEngineeringZhejiang Thermal PowerConstructionCo.,Ltd.;andthe Company Limited,China’s NuclearIndustry23ConstructionCo.,Ltd.subordinatedtoChina civil installationofnuclearislandisundertakenbytheChina’s NuclearIndustryHuaxingConstruction With thesupportofmajornationalprojects,NationalHigh-Temperature Gas-cooledReactor At present,themanufacturingandrelatedtestsofkeyequipmentsuchaspressurevessels,metal In January2006,theStateCouncillistedhigh-temperaturegas-cooledreactordemonstra- In viewoftheadvantagesfastreactorinimprovingutilizationratenaturaluranium In February2016,thePreliminarySafety Analysis Report(PASR) ofCAP1400demonstration - 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 25 and development of supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR), put forward the general technical and developmentofsupercritical water-cooled reactor(SCWR),putforwardthegeneral technical in theworldtermsofresearchanddevelopment thefourthgenerationnuclearenergy system. Under theframeworkofGIFInternationalForum(GIF), Chinaiscooperatingwithothercountries 4.1.7 ResearchandDevelopmentofOtherAdvanced Reactors Co., Ltd.andispromotingthemarketapplicationofNHR200-II. Tsinghua UniversityiscooperatingwithrelevantpartiessuchasChinaNuclearEnergy Technology clear reactorandcanbecombinedwithheatpower afterbeingscalableandadaptable.Currently, construction ofdemonstrationprojectsin2017andgenerateelectricityby2020. Power Groupiscarryingoutpreliminarydesignof ACPR 50Sdemonstrationprojectandplanstostart program andiscompetitivewiththeconventionalenergy atsea. At present,ChinaGeneralNuclear tion andislanddevelopment. ACPR 50Stechnologyis mature, whichadoptsthelong-termrefuelling nology with a single stack of 200 MW, which can provide power for offshore oil and gas field exploita- months. uled tostartbytheendof2017withaplanningcapacity125MW andaconstructionperiodof36 Nuclear Corporationplanstobuild ACP100 pilotproject in Changjiang, Hainan. The project is sched- nuclear islandmainequipmentandturbinegeneratorscanallbebuiltindependently. ChinaNational pass to world the IAEA’s in safety technology review. reactor ACP100 has completed small all scientific research; reactor pressurefirst vessels and other the became ACP100 The Corporation. Nuclear National China to Review Safety Reactor General the ACP100 of report final the submitted (IAEA) of large-scale releasesofradioactivematerial.In April 2016,theInternational Atomic Energy Agency based ontypicalPWRtechnology, withsmallandpassivesafetyfeaturesforthephysicalelimination ration, ACPR 50SfromCGNGroupandNHR200-II from Tsinghua University. The smallreactorsunderdevelopmentinChinainclude ACP100 fromChinaNationalNuclearCorpo- riod, whichcaneffectively solvethetransmissionproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedpowergrids. the attentionofallcountriesinworldbecauseitssmallinitialinvestment,shortconstructionpe- Small nuclearpowerunitrefertotheunitsbelow300MW. Smallreactorshaveattracted 4.1.6 SmallNuclearPowerUnits in Fujian,Guangdong,JiangxiandHunanprovinces. industrialization ofHTGR. The preliminaryworkonanew600-MW kWhprojecthasbeencarriedout the expansionofscale,economy600,000-kW HTRnuclearpower unitwillbeimproved. set. Its main technical characteristics are consistent with that of Shidao Bay HTR-PM. As a result of lar type,andconsistsofsixreactorswithapower100,000-kW anda600,000-kW turbinegenerator and widerangeofuses. The 600,000-kW high-temperaturereactornuclearpowerunitadoptsamodu- new commercial600,000-kW high-temperaturereactornuclearpowerprojectduetoitsinherentsafety R & D verification and follow-up research and development upgrade of HTGR demonstration project. platform, demonstrationprojectinformationmanagementthusprovidingaguaranteeforthe Nuclear PowerInstituteofChinaandShanghaiJiao Tong Universityhascarriedouttheresearch The NHR 200-II, developed by Tsinghua University, is based on a five-MW low-temperature nu- China GeneralNuclearPowerGroup’s ACPR 50Sisacompact,versatileoffshore smallpiletech- The ACP100 fromChinaNationalNuclearCorporationusesanumberofintegratedstructures Currently, ChinaNuclearE&CGrouphaspartneredwith Tsinghua Universitytopromotethe Tsinghua Universityisworkingwithrelevantpartiestoactivelypromotetheconstructionofa 25 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter IV: New Nuclear Power Projects in China 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 26

26 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide travelling wavereactor. exemplary ADS transmutationsystemandChina’s lead-basedreactor(CLEAR)before2030. research anddevelopmentaccelerator-driven subcriticalsystem(ADS)andisplanningtoestablishan first 10-MW solid-statefuelthorium-basedmoltensaltreactorby2020. search anddevelopmentofthorium-basedmoltensaltreactor(TMSR)strivestobuildtheworld’s and experimentalresearchplatform. scheme ofthehighestonemillionkilowattssupercriticalwaterreactorCSR1000andbuiltdesign route ofsupercriticalwater-cooled reactor, completedtheoveralldesignschemeandmaterialselection operations. tracking management,fuelstatusmonitoringduringstorage andregularsafetyassessmentoffacility fuel sealed containers in dry storage and long-term performance studies of neutron absorber materials; transportation; 4.2.3 TransportandStorageofSpentFuel model inbiosphere; cluding model of radionuclide release in near field and far field, nuclide migration and dose estimation after closureoflowandmediumlevelradioactivewastedisposalfacilities; 4.2.2 WasteDisposalSafetyAssessment power plants. power plants; 4.2.1 OperationandMaintenanceofNuclearPowerPlant China NationalNuclearCorporation,incooperationwith Terra Power, isconductingR&Don Institute ofNuclearEnergy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy ofSciencesiscarryingoutthe Shanghai Instituteof Applied Physics,Chinese Academy ofSciences,hastakentheleadinre- —Technical researchonthespentfuelstorageandtransportation:includingnuclearmaterial —Storage andhandlingofdamagedspentfuelcomponents; —Optimized calculationofspentfuelcriticalityandburnup trust; —Long-term performancestudiesofspentfuelstorage: long-termperformancestudiesofspent —Research oncladdingmaterialpropertiesofhighfuel consumptionfuel; —Impact analysisandsafetyassessmentofhighfuelconsumptiononspentstorage —Disposal safetyanalysismethodsandassessmenttechnicalguidelines. —Event classification research and establishment of safety assessment model of disposal site, in- —Site selection,design,construction,scenescreeningandanalysisstudyduringoperation —Mutual supportintermsofoperationandmaintenancerelatedhumanresourcesnuclear —Import andexportofoperationmaintenanceservicesnuclearpowerplants; —Joint researchanddevelopmentofnewoperationmaintenancetechnologies of nuclear —Exchange ofexperiencesintermstheoperationandmaintenancenuclearpowerplants; 4.2  Other FieldsofForeignCooperation 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 27 relations, aswelltheminimizedimpactonpublicandenvironment. process, demonstratestheradioactivewastemanagementprocessandoptimizationofenvironmental UK technicalrequirements. ment measures;developingamediumandhigh-levelradioactivewasterepositoryprogramthatmeets design requirementsof100years of designlife, existingtechnicalsolutions and operationalmanage- requirements. waste disposalevaluation,formulatingaradioactivestrategythatmeetsUKtechnical dom. regulations, standardsandguidelinesrelatingtoradioactivewastemanagementintheUnitedKing- waste managementanddisposal: wishing tostrengtheninternationalcooperationintheareaoffeasibilityassessmentradioactive China GeneralNuclearPowerGrouphassubmittedGDA reviewapplicationofHPR1000totheUK, Kingdom 4.2.5 TechnicalRequirements for EvaluationofRadioactive Waste Disposalinthe United agement; 4.2.4 DecommissioningofNuclearPowerPlant —BAT methodologystudiesfactorsaffecting BAT applicationthroughoutthewastemanagement —The UK’s temporarystoragefacilityformediumandhigh-levelradioactivewaste meetsthe —Technical requirements,evaluation methods andacceptancecriteriaoftheUKforradioactive —Compliance betweenHPR1000Radioactive Waste Management Technical Programwiththe —Seeking opportunitiesfordecommissioningandradioactivewastemanagementprojects. —Decommissioning andradioactivewastemanagementpersonneltraining; —Special technicalcooperationintermsofnucleardecommissioningandradioactivewasteman- —PWR maincircuitequipmentreplacement; —Retirement relateddesignduringtheconstructionprocessofnuclearfacilities; —Development andupgradingofdecommissioningprogramsfornuclearfacilities; —Nuclear Facilitiesdecommissioningandradioactivewastemanagementstandardssystem; 27 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter IV: New Nuclear Power Projects in China Chapter V Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power 5 Industry Chain and Major Enterprises 5.1 China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain

Under the promotion of nuclear power development, China has formed a complete nuclear power industry chain, including project investment, nuclear power operation, nuclear island research and design, project management, supply of nuclear power equipment, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear fuel supply and spent fuel management, operation and maintenance, other social services and other related aspects (Table 5-1). China’s nuclear power industry chain has provided strong support for the large-scale development of nuclear power. Table 5-1 China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises

Industrial Chain Main Enterprises and Public Institutions Links (Holding) China National Nuclear Corporation, China General Nuclear Power Group, State Power Investment Corporation, China 1 Project Huaneng Group Corporation Investment (Other shareholders) Local government investment institutions, domestic and foreign power investment companies Qinshan Nuclear Power Company, Nuclear Power Qinshan Joint Venture Co., Limited, The Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., CNNC Nuclear Power Operation & Management Co., Ltd., Daya Bay Nuclear Power Operation Management Co., Ltd, Jiangsu 2 Nuclear power Nuclear Power Corporation, Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Co., operation Ltd., Zhejiang Sanmen Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Hainan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Liaoning Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Fujian Ningde Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Guangdong Yangjiang Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Guangxi Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. Nuclear Power Institute of China, Beijing Institute of Nuclear Nuclear Island Engineering, Shenzhen CGN Nuclear Power Research Institute, 3 Research and Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute, China Design Institute of Atomic Energy, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy 28 Technology, Tsinghua University

中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 28 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 29 Demonstration Project(with47.5%oftheshares). also agreedthatHuanengGroupactasthecontrolling shareholder ofShandongShidaoBayHTGR jointly withthelocalgovernmentinvestmentandenergy authorities(NDRC,NEA). The StateCouncil and StatePowerInvestmentCorporation. They candeclareanewnuclearpowerprojectatthestate struction projects, namelyChina National Nuclear Corporation, China General Nuclear Power Group quality andensuretheconstructionoperational safetyofnuclearpowerunits. and qualification of terms in regulations safety nuclear and management project of requirements the tions. The purposeistoensurethatthekeymanagement personnelofnuclearpowerprojectscanmeet condi- other and team” personnel qualifications related power nuclear “qualified of number sufficient “undertaken theentireconstructioncycleofoneunitanditsthreeyearsoperationalexperience”a have “atleasteightyearsofexperienceintheconstructionandoperationnuclearpowerprojects”, tion, itisrequiredthatthe controlling shareholder oractualcontrollerofanuclearpowerprojectmust jects. In the Nuclear Power Regulations (Exposure Draft) drafted by the National Energy Administra- construction andoperationoftheNPP. The controllingshareholderoractualcontrolleroftheprojecthasprimaryresponsibilityfor a certainshareratio,includinganinvestmententityasthecontrollingpartyoractualcontroller. Most ofChina’s nuclearpowerprojectsareinvestedbyanumberofinvestmententities accordingto 5.1.1 InvestmentinNuclearPowerProjects SocialServices 9 8 7 6 5 4 There are three companies that have obtained the holding qualification of nuclear power con- power nuclear of qualification holding the obtained have that companies three are There pro- power nuclear controlling for requirements qualification set has Government Chinese The Maintenance Operation and Fuel Management Supply andSpent Nuclear Fuel Civil Installation Nuclear Island Equipment Supply Nuclear Power Management Engineering Industrial Chain Links legal services,etc. universities, traininginstitutionsandotherpersonnelbases; Banks, insuranceandotherfinancialinstitutions;colleges companies andtechnicalsupportunits; group companies;equipmentsuppliers;specializedmaintenance operation companies(samenuclearpoweroperation)ofvarious The subordinatednuclearpowercompaniesand etc. Corporation, CNNCNuclearFuelReprocessingCo.,Ltd.(CNFR), Resources Co.,Ltd.,EvercleanEnvironmentalEngineering China NuclearFuelCorporation(CNFC),CGNPCUranium Shandong Thermal Power; Shandong Thermal China NuclearE&CGroup(CNEC),Guangdong Thermal Power, equipment); othernuclearpowerequipmentsuppliers; Ltd., DongfangElectricCorporation(DEC),Harbin(main China FirstHeavyIndustries(CHFI),ShanghaiElectricGroupCo., Engineering Company, nuclearpowerowners Nuclear PowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.(CGN),State China NuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.(CNNC), Main EnterprisesandPublicInstitutions 29 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter V: Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 30

30 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide nuclear islandofXiapu600-MW demonstrationfastreactorinFujianProvince. and small modular reactors, etc. China Institute of Atomic Energy is responsible for the design of the Pakistan, in Tianwan(HPR1000) (CP100) unit units K2/K3 6 Karachi #5, units, 6 #5, Fuqing include of ChinaNationalNuclearCorporation. At present,theprojectsunderR&Doftwoinstitutes projects power nuclear all of design (BOP) system auxiliary and design plant island nuclear design, and primaryloopcoolingsystems;BNERDIisresponsible fortheoveralldesign,fuelhandlingsystem DI) andChinaInstituteof Atomic Energy (CIAE).NPICisresponsible forthedesignofPWRreactors Power Institute of China (NPIC), Beijing Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute (BNER- Power InvestmentCorporation. panies, suchasChinaNationalNuclearCorporation,GeneralPowerGroupandState China’s majornuclearpowerresearchanddesigninstitutesaremainlyestablishedunder threecom- 5.1.3 NuclearIslandResearchandDesign sponsibilities. companies, nuclearpowerplantownersandoperatingcompaniesjointlyassumesafetyre- owners assumefullresponsibilityfornuclearsafety. Forthoseunitscommissionedbytheoperating Co., Ltd.(twounits)areresponsiblefortheoperationofrestunits. Guangdong Yangjiang NuclearPowerCo.,Ltd.(threeunits),GuangxiFangchenggang Hongyanhe NuclearPowerCo.,Ltd.(fourunits),FujianNingde Fuqing NuclearPowerCo.,Ltd.(threeunits),Hainan(twoLiaoning of DayaBayBase(DayaandLing’ao);JiangsuNuclearPowerCorporation(twounits),Fujian Fangjiashan); CGNDayaBayNuclearPowerCompanyisresponsiblefortheoperationofsixunits sible fortheoperationofnineunitsZhejiangQinshanBase(QinshanPhaseI,II,IIIand them, QinshanNuclearPowerOperationCompanyofChinaNationalCorporationisrespon- The 35in-servicenuclearpowerplantsbelongto13(see Table 1-1). Among 5.1.2 OperationofNuclearPowerPlant Unit)is heldbyHuanengGroup. tion; thecontrollinginterestofoneunit(ShandongShidaoBayHigh-temperatureGas-cooledReactor interests oftwounits(ShandongHaiyang AP1000 Unit)areheldbyStatePowerInvestmentCorpora- Nuclear PowerGroupandStateInvestmentCorporationwiththesameratio;controlling Power Group;thecontrollinginterestsoftwounits(Hongyanhe#5,6)areheldbyChinaGeneral National Nuclear Corporation; the controlling interests of six units are held by China General Nuclear Kong StockExchange. Co., Ltd.successively, whicharelistedrespectivelyontheShanghaiStockExchangeand theHong total installedcapacityof20.36millionkilowatts. kilowatts; the controlling interests of 19 units are held by China General Nuclear Power Group, with a units areheldbyChinaNationalNuclearCorporation,withatotalinstalledcapacityof13.25million CGNPC’s majorprojectsaredesignedbyShenzhenCGN NuclearPowerResearchInstitute. The researchdesignunitsofChinaNationalNuclearCorporation’s nuclearislandincludeNuclear In accordancewiththeprovisionsofChina’s nuclearsafetyregulations,power plant Among the21unitsunderconstruction,controllinginterestsofnineareheldbyChina In 2015,thetwogroupsestablishedChinaNationalNuclearPowerCo.,Ltd.andCGN Among the35unitswhichhavebeenputintooperationcurrently, thecontrollinginterests of 16 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 31 5.1.6 NuclearPowerEquipmentManufacturing In June2016,thestockcompanywaslistedonShanghai StockExchange. nology system.InDecember2010,ChinaNuclearEngineering CorporationLimitedwasestablished. Thus ithasrichengineeringexperience,andformed specializednuclearpowerconstructiontech- 23 ConstructionCo.,Ltd.andChina’s NuclearIndustryFifthConstructionCo.,Ltd.inShanghai,etc. pany, aswellanumberofnuclearislandinstallationenterprises suchasChina’s NuclearIndustry 22nd ConstructionCo.,Ltd.,China’s NuclearIndustry24ConstructionCo.,Ltd.andHuaxingCom- has anumberofnuclearislandcivilconstructionenterprises underitsuchasChina’s NuclearIndustry pressurized waterreactors,fastneutronreactorsandheavy waterreactors.ChinaNuclearE&CGroup utive yearsandhascompletedtheconstructionofdifferent heaptypesofnuclearpowerunits,suchas clear E&C Group, which has been engaged in construction of nuclear power for more than 30 consec- The civilconstructionofnuclearislandChina’s nuclearplantsismainlyundertaken byChinaNu- 5.1.5 CivilInstallationofNuclearPowerPlant house, ShawandothercompaniesintheUnitedStatestomanagefourunitsSanmenHaiyang. the leadinggeneralcontractorof AP1000, whichforms ajointforcewithcompaniessuchas Westing- units), GuangxiFangchenggang(twoetc.,andthereareeightunitsunderconstruction. ing HongyanhePhaseI(fourunits),FujianNingdeunits)Guangdong Yangjiang (four Ltd. (CGN)hascontractedandcompletedprojectsofGuangdongLing’aoPhaseII(twounits),Liaon- sion (FangJiashan),HainanChangjiangandJiangsu Tianwan. ChinaNuclearPowerEngineeringCo., successively undertakenthegeneralcontractingprojectsofFujianFuqing,ZhejiangQinshanExpan- Nuclear PowerEngineeringCompanyrespectively. ChinaNuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.has Nuclear PowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.,ChinaLtd.(CGN)and State installation worksofnuclearislandsandconventionalislands. and civil of sub-contractors the as companies specialized qualified have then and projects, struction tracting”; thenuclearpowerengineeringcompaniesareresponsibleforgeneralcontractingofcon- model of“leanownerplusengineeringcompanygeneralcontracting,professionalsubcon- At present,China’s nuclearpowerprojectmanagementhasgenerallyadoptedtheEPC 5.1.4 NuclearPowerProjectManagement Energy isresponsible fortheengineeringdesignofhigh-temperaturereactornuclearpowerplant. clear islanddesignofShidaoBay200-MW High-temperatureReactorProject(HTR-PM);andChina CAP1000 forHaiyangPhaseII,SanmenIIandLufeng,etc. projects undertakenincludeShidaoBayCAP1400demonstrationproject,aswellthedesignof completed CAP1000standarddesign,CAP1400researchanddesignwork. The currentlydesign Corporation undertooktheintroduction,analysis,integrationandre-innovationtasksof AP1000, and HPR1000 unitsandtheUKGDA certificationworkof“HPR1000”areunderway. power unitssuchasHongyanhe,Ningde, Yangjiang andFangchenggang.Currently, thedesignof The InstitutehassuccessivelycompletedthedesignworkformorethantenCPR1000seriesnuclear The State Nuclear Power Engineering Company under the State Power Investment Corporation is The StateNuclearPowerEngineeringCompanyundertheInvestmentCorporationis The projectmanagementofthethreegroup’s nuclearpowerprojectsisundertaken byChina Tsinghua University’s InstituteofNuclearandNewEnergy Technology isresponsibleforthenu- The ShanghaiNuclear Engineering Research and DesignInstituteunder State Power Investment 31 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter V: Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 32

32 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide have formedacompletepackage ofmanufacturingcapabilitiesfornuclearfuelassemblies. All second tion. Sichuan Yibin NuclearFuelCo.,Ltd.andInnerMongoliaBaotouNorth China’s nuclearpowerdevelopment inthenextoneortwodecades. from theforeignmarket,existingsupplychannelscan fullymeettheneedsfornaturaluraniumof foreign countrieshavealreadyexceeded400,000tons. With theadditionofnaturaluraniumimported production has reached its highest level in history. The uranium resources available from Uranium HoldingLimitedandCGNPCResources Co.,Ltd. At present,thedomesticnatural Overseas CNNC including companies of number a by undertaken is development resources uranium ural uraniumproductionisundertakenbyCNNCJinyuan UraniumIndustryCo.,Ltd.;andoverseas China’s naturaluraniumsupplyandutilizationrelyondomesticforeignmarkets. Domesticnat- 5.1.7 NuclearFuelSupplyandSpentManagement welding materials,someofwhichhavebeenusedinnuclearpowerprojects. Atlantic China Welding Consumables,Inc.havesuccessfullydeveloped26brandsofnucleargrade for manufacturingofsixtoeightnuclearpowerplantsteamgenerators.Harbin Welding Instituteand in nuclearpowerprojects,andwithanannualoutputof1,300tonspipecapacitytomeettheneed material (nickel-basedalloy690)manufacturedbyJiangsuBao Yin, ZhejiangJiuLihasbeenused nuclear powerprojects. Tianwan #5,6 andShidaoBayHigh-temperatureGas-cooledReactorDemonstrationProjectother (DCS) developedbyChina Technology Co.,Ltd.hasbeenusedin Yangjiang #5,6,Hongyanhe been alwaysreliedonimporthasmademajorbreakthrough. The nuclear-grade digitalcontrolsystem supplied byChina. The self-developmentofnuclear-grade digitalcontrol system(DCS)whichhas penetrations and other key equipment and mostof the nuclear-level valves can bemanufacturedand joint research on AP1000/CAP1400 shielded main pump. Nuclear fuel replacement systems, electrical Power EquipmentCompanyLimitedandShenyangBlower Works GroupCo.,Ltd.arecarryingout been abletosupplyitsownmainpumpforsecond-generationplusHPR1000unit;HarbinElectric through; HarbinElectricPowerEquipmentCompanyLimitedandDongfang Companyhave primary circuitcoolantmainpumpwhichhasbeenreliedonimportforlongtimemadeabreak- of mainequipmentforthirdgenerationnuclearislandcanbeprovidedperyear. The localization other precisionequipment); Taihai Group,JilinHaoyu,double(forging mainpipeline),etc., Ten sets Factory, SichuanHuaduNuclearEquipmentCo.,Ltd.(controlroddrivemechanism, internalsand for nuclearpowerequipment);ShanghaiFirstMachine Tool Factory, DEC Wuhan NuclearEquipment CNEG, DEC,SEGC,HEC(large forgings, reactorpressurevessels,steamgenerators,regulators,etc. qualification issued by National Nuclear Safety Administration and related performance include CFHI, equipment andenterpriseswhichhaveobtainedthenucleargradedesignmanufacturing supply ofmainequipmentfornuclearislandhasachievedlocalizationandmarketization. two enterprisesarecapableofmanufacturingallthekeynuclearequipmentislands. The rate ofnuclearpowerequipmentinChinahasbeenraisedtomorethan80%atpresent,and a localizationrateofequipmentlessthan5%. After yearsofefforts, thecomprehensive localization ported fromFranceinthe1980s,andalmostallkeyequipmentwereimportedFrance,with China wasalate-comertonuclearpower;theDayaBayNuclearPowerPlant,forexample,im- China’s nuclearfuelprocessing capacitiesareconcentratedinChinaNationalNuclearCorpora- In terms of localization key materials,the steam generator tube productionof heattransfertube China hasimplementedasafetypermitsystemforthedesignandmanufactureofnuclear 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 33 equipment integration,civilenvironmentalprotectionand otherwork;itisrichinengineeringexperi- fessional researchanddesignontheproductionlineofnuclear materialsandnuclearparts,the and otheraspects,aswellnuclearreactorfuelelement productionlineofnuclearpowerplant,pro- work concerning spentfuel reprocessing, radioactive waste disposal, retirement of nuclear facilities fission-fusion reactorresearchproject. clear powertechnology, theR&Dand designofthefourthgenerationfastreactors,aswell the R&D anddesign of the ACP100, the analysis and integration of the AP1000 third-generation nu- the companyincludeHPR1000nuclearpowerplant withindependentintellectualpropertyrights, pressurized waterreactornuclearpowerplant. At present,theR&Danddesigntasksundertakenby self-owned to then and knowledge brand,andhasrealizedtheleapfrogdevelopmentofR&DChina’s onemillion-kilowatt design independent integration, and introduction/analysis to backup nical fuel andothernuclearenergy utilizationfields. it hasresearchanddesigncapabilitiesintermsofnuclearpower, nuclearchemicalindustry, nuclear qualifications, including the only engineering design Grade A qualification in the nuclear industry; and services, tendering agency, personnel training, etc. of nuclear power projects; it has eight Grade A management, constructionsupervision,commissioningimplementationandtechnical consulting, environmental assessment, engineering design, equipment procurement, construction sional equipment. The company’s businessscopecoversthepre-planning,feasibilitystudy, project Corporation. nuclear powerengineeringexpertiseandthebackboneoftechnologyapplication. provider, anuclearpowerplantexporter, adomesticnuclearfuelcyclefranchisesupplier, apoolof contractor ofnuclearpowerdesignandengineering,aoperationtechnologyservice struction inChina,themainbodyofnuclearpowertechnologydevelopment,animportantgeneral Nuclear Corporationiscurrentlythemaininvestorofnuclearplantsduringtheiroperationandcon- production operations,foreigneconomiccooperationandimportexportbusiness,ChinaNational and construction development, and research scientific of fields other and engineering environmental and 16academiciansofChinese Academy ofSciencesandChinese Academy ofEngineering. institutes, andcurrentlyemploysabout100,000people,including36,000professionaltechnicalstaff China’s CentralGovernment.Itiscomposedofmorethan100enterprisesandinstitutesresearch China NationalNuclearCorporationisakeystate-ownedbackboneenterprisedirectlymanagedby 5.2.1 ChinaNationalNuclearCorporation/ChinaPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd. nuclear powerplants. Fuel Co.,Ltd.hasalsobuilta300,000-ballHTFfuelpelletproductionlinetosupplyforHTR The nuclearfuelassembliesofthe AP1000 unithavealsobeendomesticallyproduced.NorthNuclear generation plusdomesticunits,heavywaterreactorunitsand VVER unitscanbesuppliedbyChina. China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd. has also undertaken scientific research and design design and research scientific undertaken also has Ltd. Co., Engineering Power Nuclear China China NuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.hasundergone continuousdevelopmentfromtech - China NuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.isanengineeringcompanywithcompleteprofes- China NuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.(CNPE)isthesubsidiaryofNational Mainly engaged in nuclear power, nuclear fuelcycle, nuclear technology applications, nuclear 5.2  Overview ofMajorNuclearPowerEnterprises 33 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter V: Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 34

34 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide international competitiveness. ence andstrongtechnicalforce;itisstrivingtobecomeaworld-classengineeringcompanywith (HTR), experimentalfastreactor(CEFR),andothertypesofnuclearpowerplants. AP1000, EPR,HPR1000),heavywaterreactor(CANDU-6)andhightemperaturegascooled of Chinesevariouspressurizedwaterreactor(includingCNP300,CNP600,M310, VVER, CPR1000, construction the finished effectively it construction, engineering power nuclear of field the In years. at homeandabroaduninterruptedlyengagedintheconstructionofnuclearpowerformorethan30 er constructionenterprisewithmorethan60yearsofdevelopmenthistory, istheonlyenterprisegroup civil engineering,etc. neering, nuclear energy utilization,nuclear engineering technology research andservice,cleanenergy, agement mainbodyapprovedbytheStateCouncil. The mainbusinessincludesnuclearpowerengi- enterprise underthedirectmanagementofcentralgovernmentandinvestmentagenciesassetman- China NuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCorporationLtd.isthestate-ownedkeybackbone 5.2.2 ChinaNuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCorporationLtd. nuclear powerunits. nuclear powerunitsunderconstructionatthesametime, andnowhasthecapabilityofbuilding40 in the world for many years. In 2013 when the nuclear power construction booms, it has 35 sets of construction under plants power nuclear of number the for first ranking Pakistan, to exported ones 6 defence engineering.Ithasalsoundertakentheconstruction ofallnuclearpowerplantsinChinaand tion, radioactive chemicals, nuclear fuel element, uranium metallurgy, isotope separation and nuclear nuclear powerproject,capableofundertakingvariousreactorplantconstruc- package ofthewhole-cyclenuclearpowerconstruction,andmanagementabilitymultiple-reactor poration possesses nuclear engineering contracting qualification, and has formed the service ability for ing-research cooperation,open upadvancednuclearpowerbusinessrepresented by hightempera- of smallandmedium-sizedhydropower. Inthenuclearpowerindustry, deepenthemanufacture-learn - gy businessrepresentedbytheindustrializationofnuclear energy and thedevelopmentandutilization In termsofnuclearpowerconstruction,ChinaNuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCor China NuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCorporation,theworld’s leadingnuclearpow- China NuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCorporation activelydevelopsthecleanener Fax: 010-68415086 PC: 100840 Add.: 117,WestThirdRingNorthRoad,HaidianDistrict,Beijing Contact InformationofChinaNuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd. Tel.: 010-68512211 PC: 100822 Add.: No.1NansanxiangSanlihe,XichengDistrict,Beijing Contact InformationofChinaNationalNuclearCorporation

Fax: 010-68533989 Email: [email protected]

Email: [email protected] - - 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 35 ment, industryupgradingandpersonnelexchanges. and regionsforhigh-temperatureheappromotion. di Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Indonesia, ASEAN Energy Centerandothercountries national market.NowithassignedamemorandumofcooperationorestablishedconnectionwithSau- the “Belt&Road”Initiative,andactivelypromotedhightemperaturereactortechnologyininter storage tankprojectandthedesalinatorareinbidding. tion CompanyLimitedhaswonthebiddinginHXA plantwatertankproject,withthenuclearisland struction ofthenuclearpowerprojectinHinkleyPoint,UK,anditsmemberunitHuaxingConstruc- Pakistan. 20 domesticnuclearpowerunitsunderconstruction,and2constructionin a moderatelydiversifieddevelopmentpattern. ing business,environmentalprotectionwater-related affairs, aswellrealestate,andgraduallyform ministration, transportation, energy and petrochemistry. We actively carry out the investment & financ- been successivelyusedinalarge numberofkeyprojectsinvariousindustriessuchasmunicipalad- with powergrid,windandphotovoltaicindustry, andkeptarelativelyfastdevelopment speed. energy, it has formed a business layout with hydropower investment as the main power, coordinated upgrading andliftthelevelofcoretechnology. Inthedevelopmentofhydropowerandotherclean ture gascooledreactorandlowtemperaturenuclearheatingreactor, andgraduallyachieveindustrial nuclear power.nuclear operator,power nuclear a As largestthe is it largestfifth the and China in world; the in an installedcapacityof21.47millionkilowatts,accounting for61.8%ofChina’s installedcapacityof of May2017,ChinaGeneralNuclearPowerGroupowned 20nuclearpowerunitsinoperation,with man society”itsmissionand“becomingaworld-classclean energy enterprise”itsvision. As of theend China GeneralNuclearPowerGroupCo.,Ltd. eral Nuclear Power Group and China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group Co., Ltd. changed its name to incorporated. In April 2013,ChinaGuangdongNuclearPowerGroupchangeditsnametoGen- major member companies. In September 1994, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group was officially consists ofthecoreenterpriseChinaGeneralNuclear PowerGroupCo.,Ltd.andmorethan40 opment ofChina’s reformandopening-uppolicythedevelopmentofnuclearpower industry. It China GeneralNuclearPowerGroupisacentralenterprisethathasgraduallygrownwiththedevel- 5.2.3 ChinaGeneralNuclearPowerGroup/ChinaEngineeringCo.,Ltd. The two sides can discuss and seek cooperation in the field of technology research & develop- & research technology of field the in cooperation seek and discuss can sides two The Moreover, China Nuclear Engineering &Construction Group Corporation responded positively China NuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCorporationisactivelyinvolvedinthecon- As ofDecember31,2017,ChinaNuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCorporationboasts has and fields, industrial and civil to extends also power nuclear of capability construction The China General Nuclear Power Group has made “developing clean energy for the benefit of hu- of benefit the for energy clean “developing made has Group Power Nuclear General China Tel.: 8610-88306622 PC: 100037 Add.: 12,ChegongzhuangAve.,XichengDistrict,Beijing Contact InformationofChinaNuclearEngineering&ConstructionGroupCorporation

Fax: 8610-88306600

Email:

[email protected] - 35 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter V: Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 36

36 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide million kilowatts. May 2017,thenumberofunitsunderconstructionis eight, withatotalinstalledcapacityof10.27 Ningde PhaseI,Fangchenggang Yangjiang No.1-4,etc.,andputthemintooperation. As of has successivelyconstructed16unitsincludingLing’ao Phase II,LiaoningHongyanheI,Fujian hensive andcoordinatedoperationmodebetweeninternal andexternalorganizations. Since2010,it ment, formedthe“matrix-based,projecttype”operationmechanism,andimplementedcompre- management systemsconcerningengineeringsafety, quality, schedule,cost,technologyandenviron- Excellence”. ChinaNuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd.(CGN)hasestablished“sixmajorcontrol” AE company” and it has adhered to basic principles such as “Safety First, Quality First, Pursuit of business activitiesinin-serviceandretiredservicenuclearservicesnon-nuclearprojects. its businesscoreandtakesintoaccountconventionalcleanenergy projects.Ithasalsoexpanded its its foundation,thecompanyhasformedabusinessstructurethattakesnuclearpowerconstructionas nuclear special technician with excellent performance and first-class brand. With AE core capability as and technologicalinnovation,iscommittedtobecomeanuclearpowersystemintegrator scientific and management and organization project allocation, resource construction engineering er mastered nuclear power construction technology, has efficient capabilities in the fields of nuclear pow- 2017, thecompanyhastotalassetsofaboutRMB22billionandemploysmorethan6,000people. which wasestablishedinFebruary2004andwitharegisteredcapitalofRMB1.286billion. As ofMay Engineering Co., Ltd. (CGN) is China’s first specialized nuclear power project management company, power, windpower, hydropower, solarandotherclean energy projects onthebasisofensuringsafety. to simultaneouslyconstructandoperatemultiplenationwide,trans-regionalmulti-basednuclear businesses. ItownseightnationalR&DCentersandakeylaboratoryithasthecapacity service public and services financial technology, nuclear technologies, energy-saving energy, solar ards. search anddevelopment,nuclearfuelsupplysecuritysystemthatisinlinewiththeinternationalstand- and hasestablishedaspecializednuclearpowerproduction,construction,sciencetechnologyre- a virtuouscyclemechanismas“supportingnuclearpowerbyitselfandpursuingrollingdevelopment” once”. On the basis of the successful construction of the Daya Bay Nuclear power plant, it has formed the pursuitofexcellence”itsbasicprinciples,insistingoncorevaluessuchas“Doingthingsright gy-saving technicalservices. ener and applications energy, technology distributed nuclear of fields the in made been has progress million kilowattsofinstalledcapacityhydropowerpumpedstorageinoperation.Inaddition,good holding installedcapacityofwindpowerandsolarphotovoltaicgenerationproject1.58 it has10.93millionkilowattsofholdinginstalledcapacitywindpower, 1.96millionkilowattsof Since itsestablishment,thecompany’s developmentvisionhasbeento“becomeaworld-class With “specialized AE company”asitsstrategicpositioning,thecompanyhascomprehensively As themainmember enterprise ofChinaGeneral Nuclear Power Group, China Nuclear Power Since 2005,thegrouphasenterednewbusinessareasincludingwindpower, hydropower, Since its establishment, China General Nuclear Power Group has made “safety first, quality first, - 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 37 power business. Through cooperatingwith Westinghouse conventional ElectricCorporation tobuildthe AP1000 and power nuclear of fields professional other and manufacturing materials and ment conventional power station services, covering R&D design, project management, servicelife, equip - and power nuclear cultivated. of been fields has the personnel in operations work people 9,000 About demonstration project and other nuclear power projects, about 2000 nuclear power production and personnel team.Inthe Shandong Haiyang AP2000 relying project, Shandong Rongcheng CAP1400 and energetic “knowledge-based,innovative,youngandinternationalized” professionalandtechnical nuclear powerautonomy. er talentteam,whichhaseffectively guaranteedthesmoothprogress ofthenationalthird-generation relying projectsandCAP1400majorprojects,itcultivatesestablishedahigh-qualitynuclearpow- and attractsgathersalarge numberofoutstandingtalents. Through theimplementationof AP1000 building of qualified personnel, establishes and perfects a personnel training and development system, the promotes comprehensively personnel, qualified with company the strengthening of strategy the firmly enforced its philosophy of “talent is the biggest asset of the company”. It vigorously implements nical servicesandotherbusinesses. power, the as well as fields, related and power nuclear energy new grids, power tech- and engineering cializes ininvestmentandoperation,technologyresearchdevelopment,engineeringservicesof analysing, integratingandre-inventingthethird-generationnuclearpowertechnology in China. It spe- Nuclear Power Technology Corporationhascontinuedtoundertakestrategictasksofintroducing, ization, asanindustrygroupcompanycontrolledbyStatePowerInvestmentCorporation,the former StatePowerInvestmentandNuclear Technology Corporation. After thereorgan- Established inJune2015,theStatePowerInvestmentCorporationwasreorganized onthe basisof 5.2.4 StatePowerInvestmentCorporation/StateNuclearTechnologyCorporation group’s CapitalOperationDepartment. the contact also can you cooperation, business and investment For group. the of Office General the relations managementanddailyreceptionofthegroup. The groupcompanycanbecontactedthrough State NuclearPower Technology Corporationcurrentlyemploys 11,560 people.Itisadynamic State NuclearPower Technology Corporationputstalentbuildinginaprominentpositionandhas The General Office of China General Nuclear Power Group is responsible for the overall public public overall the for responsible is Group Power Nuclear General China of Office General The Tel.: 86-755-84477888 PC: 518124 Add.: AEBuilding,DayaBayNuclearPowerBase,DapengNewDistrict,Shenzhen Contact InformationofChinaNuclearPowerEngineeringCo.,Ltd. Tel.: 86-755-84477888 PC: 518028 Add.: CGNBuilding,No.2002ShennanRoad,Shenzhen Contact InformationofChinaGeneralNuclearPowerGroup

Fax: 86-755-84312232 Fax: 86-755-83699900 37 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter V: Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 38

38 2017 China’s Nuclear Energy Guide capacity ofoverseasprojectdevelopmentandexecution. talent teamiscontinuouslyimproved;thereareabout170keyinternationalizedtalentswhohavethe third-generation nuclearpowerrelyingprojectsinSanmenandHaiyang,theinternationalcapacityof the firstChinesepowerproducertojoinranksofFortune500Companies,ranking217thin2016. technology R&D, and transportation etc. that support the core business of power. The Company was assets distributed all over China and overseas. The Company is also engaged in sectors of coal, finance, tional competitiveness. By the end of 2016, the Company had total installed capacity of 165GW, with ed, andServingtheNation”etc. internationalization”, andthecorevaluesof“Integrity, Cooperation,Innovation,Performance-orient- advancement andenvironmentalprotection,aBluecompanyemphasizingcontinuousinnovation mission of “a Red company serving the need of socialism, a Green company advocating technology and hascultivatedcorporateculturewithHuanengcharacteristics,suchasthe“three-color” benefits”, mutual and cooperation, extensive innovation, continuous direction, “clear of concepts the and inensuringvaluepreservationincrementofstate-ownedassets. The Companyhasadheredto been makinggreatcontributioninsatisfyingpowerdemandforeconomicandsocialdevelopment, has and benefits, economic and level management enhancing in companies power for role exemplary reform, developmentandtechnologyadvancementofthepowerindustry, andhasbeenplayingan tion; industrialinvestment,operationandmanagement. protec- environmental energy, and renewable transportation, energy finance, to related products and and saleofpowerheat;development,investment,construction,production,businesses ness: development,investment,construction,operationandmanagementofpowersources;production 5.2.5 ChinaHuanengGroup/HuanengNuclearPowerDevelopmentCompanyLtd. to enhance development benefits, improve overall strength and build up world-class management, so so management, world-class up build and strength overall improve benefits, development enhance to and strivetotransformdevelopmentmode,adjustindustrial structure. The Companywillendeavor sharing”. The Company will conscientiously practice the “Three-color Company” corporate mission, implement theFiveMajorDevelopmentConceptsof“innovation, coordination,green,opennessand gress andthefour-pronged comprehensivestrategyinawell-coordinatedway, andcomprehensively center aroundtheconcertedendeavortopursueeconomic, political,cultural,socialandecologicalpro- series of importantspeechesandthe new ideas,new thoughts and new strategies on state governance, great banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, earnestly study General Secretary Xi Jinping’s pany’s comprehensivestrength toreachworld-classlevel. The Company will continuetoholdhighthe Com- the for period key a also is It Goal. Centenary first the accomplish and society prosperous ately China HuanengGroupiscommittedtobuildingitselfintoalar The 13thFive-yearPlanPeriodisacrucialperiodforChinatocomprehensivelybuildmoder Since itsinceptionin1985,ChinaHuanengGrouphasbeenprovidingrichexperienceforthe With registeredcapitalof20billion , theCompanyismainlyengagedinfollowingbusi- Tel.: 8610-58197001/2 Xicheng District,BeijingPC:100029 Add.: No.1Building,29Courtyard,NorthernThirdRingRoad(Middle), Contact InformationofStateNuclearPowerTechnologyCorporation

Fax: 8610-58197000 ge enterprisegroupwithinterna- - 18/2/3 下午2:12 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 39 investment, development,production,transmission,andrelatedfields. structure ofelectricpowerindustry, mainlyengagedinR&Dandtechnicalservicesonnuclear power ment Companycentralizespromotingthenationalnuclearpowerconstructionandoptimizing RMB. As aprofessionalcompanyspecializinginnuclearpower, HuanengNuclearPowerDevelop- wholly state-ownedcompanyofChinaHuanengGroupwithregisteredcapital0.1billionyuan building amoderatelyprosperoussociety. Companies withInternationalCompetitiveness,andtomakegreatercontributionsincomprehensively as tomaketheCompanystronger, betterandbigger, totaketheleadinjoiningranksof World-class Huaneng NuclearPowerDevelopmentCompanyLtd.,establishedinDecember30,2005,isthe Tel.: 8610-63227800 PC: 100031 Add.: 6,FuXingMenNeiSt,XichengDistrict,Beijing Contact informationofHuanengNuclearPowerDevelopmentCompanyLtd. Tel.: 8610-63228800 PC: 100031 Add.: 6,FuXingMenNeiSt,XichengDistrict,Beijing Contact informationofChinaHuanengGroup

Fax: 8610-63228866 Fax: 8610-66015738

39 18/2/3 下午2:12 Chapter V: Introduction of China’s Nuclear Power Industry Chain and Major Enterprises 中国核能行业指南英文版18.2.3.indd 40 18/2/3 下午2:12