Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
About This Document: Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap—Post Comment Period Version Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…” [EISA Title XIII, Section 1305] In late March 2009, NIST awarded the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) a contract to engage Smart Grid stakeholders developing a draft interim standards roadmap. On June 17, EPRI delivered its Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap.* This document contained material gathered, synthesized, and refined by the contractor using its technical expertise. This deliverable was not a formally reviewed and approved NIST publication. Rather, it is one of many inputs into the ongoing NIST-coordinated roadmapping process. In a notice published in the Federal Register on June 30, 2009, NIST solicited public comment on the EPRI-prepared report. All comments received as of July 30, 2009, the end of the comment period, were divided among the EPRI technical team for resolution and response. Corresponding modifications of the original EPRI document (June 17, 2009) were refined and integrated into this revised version, delivered to NIST on August 10, 2009.** This revised document, along with the original comments, will serve as resources as NIST progresses further in developing of the NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Framework, as required under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. The initial release of the NIST framework document is planned to be available in September 2009. NIST no longer is accepting comments on EPRI-prepared documents, except those from parties who believe their comments on the June 17, 2009, report were not addressed. Comments and responses are not indicated in this revised version. These can be found at: http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki- sggrid/bin/view/_SmartGridInterimRoadmap/InterimRoadmapFinal. Send questions to [email protected]. ______ *Deliverable (7) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the terms of Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031 **Deliverable (10) to NIST under the terms of Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031. Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap (Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031—Deliverable 10) Post Comment Period Version Document This document contains material gathered and refined by the Electric Power Research Institute using its technical expertise. It has been submitted as a deliverable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the terms of Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031. August 10, 2009 Prepared by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) EPRI Project Manager Don Von Dollen ii DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK PERFORMED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF EPRI: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS DOCUMENT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT. ORGANIZATIONS THAT PREPARED THIS DOCUMENT Cimetrics, Inc. Cox Software Architects LLC EnerNex Corporation Hypertek, Inc. Utility Consulting International UTInnovation, LLC Xanthus Consulting International iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Draft Interim Roadmap is the result of a collaborative effort by a group of industry experts. The Project Team is comprised of: EPRI UTInnovation, LLC Sunil Chhaya Christoph Brunner Stephanie Hamilton Marco Janssen Joe Hughes Alex Apostolov Erfan Ibrahim, Ph.D. Tom Key Utility Consulting International Arindam Maitra Nokhum Markushevich Mark McGranaghan Paul Myrda Additiontional Contributors Brian Seal Ron Ambrosio, IBM Don Von Dollen Jeff Gooding, Southern California Edison Dave Hardin, Invensys EnerNex Corporation Doug Houseman, Capgemini Bobby Brown Chris Knudsen, Pacific Gas & Electric Co. Grant Gilchrist Wayne Longcore, Consumers Energy Erich Gunther Jeremy McDonald, Southern California Edison Stuart McCafferty Terry Mohn, Sempra Utilities William Moncrief Robby Simpson, Ph.D, GE Bruce Muschlitz Ron Melton, Pacific Northwest National Brad Singletary Laboratory Aaron Snyder, Ph.D. Hypertek, Inc. Marty Burns, Ph.D. Xanthus Consulting International Frances Cleveland Cox Software Architects LLC William Cox, Ph.D. TC9 Consulting Toby Considine Cimetrics, Inc. James Butler James Lee iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY President Obama has made a smart electrical grid a key element of his plan to lower energy costs for consumers, achieve energy independence and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A smart grid would employ real-time, two-way communication technologies to allow users to connect directly with power suppliers. The development of the grid will create jobs and spur the development of innovative products that can be exported. The electricity grid can only get so smart without a framework for interoperability. This framework will identify a suite of standards that enable the integration of diverse technologies. The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 gave the U. S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…” This report provides an Interim Roadmap for the development of the Interoperability Framework. It describes the current status, issues, and priorities for interoperability standards development and harmonization. The report also describes the high-level architecture for the smart grid including a conceptual model, architectural principles and methods and cyber security strategies. A broad range of stakeholders were engaged in the development of this Interim Roadmap. Over 1000 stakeholders participated in two workshops to achieve consensus on the critical standards and standards development activities needed for the Smart grid. In section 1, this report provides a general overview of this project. In section 2, this report summarizes the efforts to date to define the smart grid and describes the ongoing governance process that will be required to develop the smart grid. Section 3 defines a conceptual model for thinking about the smart grid and its implementation. It discusses the architectural principles that will enable the smart grid to support new technologies and support new business models. One can best understand interactions between the domains through looking closely at key cross- cutting applications. Section 4 of this report introduces the applications Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Demand Response (DR), Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), Cyber Security, Wide Area Situation Awareness (WASA), Market Communications, and Distributed Generation and Energy Storage (DG). v Section 5 discusses the security requirements of the smart grid. As the smart grid relies on business interactions as much as it does upon the physical processes of delivering electricity, security for the smart grid must consider interference or disruption of business communications as much as it does disruption of the delivery of electricity. Matters of identity and authorization are paramount, as are privacy and appropriate access concerns for handling personal information of customers. Section 6 presents the near-term actions that NIST can take in advancing the Interoperability Framework. The highest priority actions include: • Developing a common semantic model - NIST should work with the appropriate standards development organizations to form a common representation of information models for the smart grid • Developing a common pricing model standard - NIST should work with the relevant standards development organizations to develop an approach for developing a common pricing model to traverse the entire value chain. • Developing a common semantic model for advanced metering, demand response and electric transportation – NIST should coordinate the various industry activities to accelerate the development and adoption of a unified semantic model for these high- priority applications. • Conducting an analysis to select Internet Protocol Suite profiles for smart grid applications - NIST should commission a group to perform a comprehensive mapping of smart grid application requirements to the capabilities of protocols and technologies in the Internet Protocol Suite to identify Internet protocol Suite subsets as important for various applications in the various smart grid domains. • Investigating Communications