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View the Mineral Resource Assessment ?Srp U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S.GEOLOGICAL SI.J RVEY Mineral ResourceAssessment of the San BernardinoNational Forest, California- Managers. ExecutiveSummary and a Non-TechnicalSummary for Landand Resource by J.P.Calzial Open-FileRePort 93-552 conformitywith This report and map are preliminaryand have not been reviewedfor or with the U.S. GeologicalSurvey editorial standards and stratigraphicnomenclature product names is for North Arnericanstratigraphic code. Any use of trade, firm, or U.s. Government- descriptivepurposes only and does not impryendorsement by the l Menlo Park, California 1993 MINERALRESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF THE SAN BERNARDINONATIONAL FOREST,CALIFORNIA Executlve Summary in the easternsan . The san BernardinoNational Forest (SBNF) covers 818,999 acres California' Gabriel,San Bernardino,and SanJacinto Mountains east of Los Angeles, limestoneand . Severalmillion tons of high-gradecarbonate rocks, consisting of in the construction, dolomitemarble, are minedeach year iust northof the SBNFfor use into the national cement,and chemicalindustries. These rocks continue southward as endangered forest and are the uniquesubstrate for five plantsthat may be identified speciespursuant to the EndangeredSpecies Act of 1973,as amended' rockswithin . Geologic,geochemical, and miningdata indicatethat all of the carbonate and(or)chemical- the SBNF have high resourcepotential for construction-,cement-, presentwithin the grade carbonaterocks. At least 1,oss milliontons of these rocks are nationalforest. millionin 1988; . Gross sales from the limestonemines ranged from $t AOb 220 cement-and chemical- saleshave increasedsince then becauseof increaseddemand for projectedto continue grade productsin the Los Angelesmetropolitan area. This trend is to the Year2000. resourcepotential . Streamchannel and alluvialfan depositswithin the sBNF have high g,754 resourceare present for sand and gravelresources. At least milliontons of this constructionand concrete withinthe SBNF and are an importantpotentiat source for the industriesin the Los Angelesmetropolitan area. plutonicrocks withinthe . Sedimentaryand metamorphicrocks as well as younger deposits,polymetallic 5BNF hive high resourcepotential for tungstenvein and skarn as well as moderate replacementdeposits, asbestos, and epithermalgold deposits polymetallicvein and resourcepotential for gold-bearingquartz veins, gold in low-graderadioactive replacementdeposits, iron and tungstenskarns, graphite, and lead and zincores and mineraldeposits. The polymetallicreplacement deposits contain Lytlecreek area in the may containgold and silver-bearingminerals. In addition,the. for gold placerdeposits' easternsan GabrielMountains has moderateresource potential tonnageand do not All of these locatablemineral deposits are low gradeand(or) low representan imPortantresource. MINERALRESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF THE SAN BERNARDINONATIONAL FOREST,CALIFORNIA A NontechnlcalSummary for Land And Resource Managers DESCRIPTIONOF THE STUDY AREA The San BernardinoNational Forest (SBNF) covers 8'l8,999 acres in the eastern San Gabriel,San Bernardino,and San JacintoMountains east of Los Angeles,California- These extremelyrugged mountain ranges are characterizedby numerousalpine lakes and valleysand includeseveral peaks with elevationsgreater than 10,000ft (fig. 1). Miningand mineralexploration have playeda centralrole in the historyof this national forestand are still important.Deposits of industrialminerals, such as limestoneand sand and gravel,as well as locatableminerals such as gold, silver,tungsten, lead, and zinc are commonand have been exploitedfor morethan 100 years withinthe boundaries of this forest. IMPORTANCEOF THE STUDY AREA Californiais the largestcement-producing state in the UnitedStates; Portland cementwas the state'ssecond most valuablemineral commodity in 1990 with a reported value of more than $OO+million. The LucerneValley LimestoneDistrict, adjacent to the northernboundary of the SBNF (fig. 1), is one of the most importantlimestone- producingdistricts in California;gross sales from this district are $180-220 million per year. The carbonatgrocks, including limestone and dolomite'marble, that are mined and quarriedwithin this miningdistrict continue southward and are presentwithin the SBNF. l{owever,these carbonate rocks are alsothe uniquesubstrate for five plantsthat may be identifiedas endangeredspecies pursuant to the EndangeredSpecies Act of 1973, as amended.To aid landmanagement decision making, the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) was requestedto assessthe mineralresources, especially limestone, sand and gravel, and (to a tesserextent) locatable mineral deposits, of the SBNF. This report summarizesthe resultsof that assessment.The geologic,geochemical, and geophysical data from which this summaryis derivedare describedin a separatetechnical document. METHODSOFSTUDY All availablepublished and unpublishedliterature on the geology,geochemistry, geophysics,mining history, and mineraldeposits within and adjacentto the SBNF were compiledas of September30, 1992and were usedto assessthe mineralresource potentialof this nationalforest. In addition,new geologicmapping and geochemical studiesof carbonaterocks in the Big Bear Lake area,geochemical studies of stream- sedimentsamples in selectedareas, and numeroussite visits of sand and graveldeposits throughoutthe forestwere completed by the USGSfrom 1990to 1992. Combined,these data definegeologic environments with high,moderate, or low mineralresource potentialfor industrialand locatableminerals. Becausethe primaryemphasis of this study was on limestoneand sand and graveldeposits (i.e. industrialminerals), a quantitativeassessment of undiscoveredlocatable mineral resources was not done- GOLOGICSETNNG EasternSan GabrielMountains Rocksin the easternSan GabrielMountains include several groups of ancient schist metamorphicand sedimentaryrocks and youngerplutonic rocks. Blue-graymica and green-graychlorite schist are presentin the northeasternSan GabrielMountains and are mappedas the pelonaSchist. Theserocks are foldedand faultedbeneath black platy mylonitethat changestexture upward into gray gneissicgranite. The PelonaSchist and and the overlyingmetamorphic rocks are Mesozoicin age (see geologictime chart) are intrudedby the MioceneLytle Creek pluton' Approximately7,000 ft of tan quartzite,gray to white marble,and schist in the southeasternSan GabrielMountains are mappedas part of the Paleozoic(?)Placerita lenses metasedimentarysuite. All of these rocks,as well as Precambrian(?)gneiss and of marbL, are intrudedby Late Mesozoicgranitic rocks. All of these ancientrocks, except the Lytle Creek pluton,are overlainby sedimentarydeposits that includethe Cretaceousor PaleoceneSan Francisquito(?) Formation,the lower MioceneVaqueros(?) Formation, the middleand upper Miocene rocksof CajonValley, the lowerto upperMiocene Crowder Formation, and the upper of Mioceneto pliocenerocks of PhelanPeak. The LytleCreek pluton, as well as the rocks CajonValley, the CrowderFormation, and the rocksof PhelanPeak, are unconformably overlainby the pleistoceneHoward Formation; this unit gradesupward into the and pleistoceneShoemaker Gravel which is unconformablyoverlain by Pleistocene Holocenealluvial dePosits. San BernardinoMountains and The oldestrocks in the San BernardinoMountains are gneiss,schist, pegmatitedikes. quartzitethat are intrudedby precambriangranitic gneiss and and are unconformablyoverlain combined,these rocks are mappedas the BaldwinGneiss Lake. The metasedimentary by metasedimentaryrocks north, east, and southof Big Bear The quartzitesequence rocksare dividedinto a quarEiteand a carbonatesequence. the wood canyon consistsof the Johnnie(?)Formation, the stirfingeuartzite, from Late Precambrianto Formation,and the ZabriskieQuartzite and rangesin age a dolomite-richunit Early Cambrian. The carbonatesequence is dividedinto dolomite-richunit consistsof unconformablyoverlain by a limestone-richunit. The the Nopah Formation;all of the CarraraFormation, the BonanzaKing Formation,and consistsof the Devonian these rocks are cambrianin age. The limestone-richunit and the Permianand sultan Limestone,the MississippianMonte cristo Limestone, san pennsylvanianBird springs Formation. carbonaterocks in the northwestern FurnaceLimestone' BernardinoMountains are collectivelymapped as the Paleozoic Lake but have not been divided These rocks are similarto carbonaterocks near Big Bear into the various dolomiteor limestoneunits. are intrudedby late The BaldwinGneiss and the youngermetasedimentary rocks The oldest paleozoicand Mesozoicptutonic rocks in the San BernardinoMountains. deformedmarble north of plutonicrock is Late Triassicalkalic monzonite that intrudes are also presentin this area' Big Bear Lake;Jurassic diorite, quartz diorite, and tonalite quartzmonzonite All of these rocksare 6ngulfedby severallarge Late Cretaceous miles in and northof the San batholithsthat are exposedover severalhundred square of these plutonicrocks and may BernardinoMountains. Light-gray granitic dikes cut all be Tertiaryin age. the san Bernardino Tertiarysedimentary rocks are exposedin two areas in overliesthe Mesozoic Mountains.The Miocenesanta Ana sandstoneunconformabty range,and scattered graniticrocks and precambriangneiss in the centralpart of the overliegranitic and exposuresof the plioceneold woman sandstoneunconformably These Tertiaryrocks metasedimentaryrocks along the northernfront of the mountains. "blanket" may representthe remnantsof a sedimentary that coveredthe San Bernardino "blanket" Mountains;this
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