DOCSLIB.ORG

Children on Attic Vases Detail from a Similar Krater Metropolitan Mus., NY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Children on Attic Vases Detail from a Similar Krater Metropolitan Mus., NY Children on Attic Vases Detail from a similar Krater Metropolitan Mus., NY Funeral for a Man Attic Krater c. 750 BCE Athens, Kerameikos Mus. Funeral for a Woman Amphora c. 750 B.C.E. Athens, Kerameikos Mus. 6th century Black Figure Children in myths Achilles pursues Troilos and Polyxena, children of Priam Neoptolemos (son of Achilles) kills Astyanax (son of Hector) during the fall of Troy. Priam (to the left of the altar) looks on. The birth of Athena from the head of Zeus was a popular black figure subject during the 6th cent. The death of Astyanax continues to appear on red figures vases of the 5th century. Red figure crater by the Altamura Painter ca 470-60 BCE Red figure vase by Hermonax ca 470-460 BCE Red figure painters frequently depicted the birth of Erichthonios, an early king of Attica. Hephaistos (left) sired the child upon Gaia (Earth) who hands the newborn to Athena (right) for safekeeping. On this cup by the Kodros Painter (440-430 BCE) Gaia hands Erichthonios to Athena. To the left stands the first king of Attica, Kekrops (with a serpent’s tail). To the right, Hephaistos, the child’s father, looks on. Detail of a vase by the Erichthonios Painter, ca 450-40 (left). A krater by the Nikias Painter ca 410 BCE (below) The birth of Erichthonios remained a popular subject throughout the 5th century. Danae and her son are set adrift in a box by her father Acrisius who feared an oracle that Perseus would one day kill him. As part of the increasing interest in children during the 5th century, the story of Danae and her son, Perseus (whose later heroic deeds Include the decapitation of Medusa) became popular. Baby’s head emerging from Zeus’ thigh The birth of Dionysos Alkimachos Ptr. ca 460 (far left) Krater frag in Bonn, Germany (left) Altamura Ptr ca 465 (above) Hermes carries the baby Dionysos to the nymphs Dinos Painter Chicago Painter (above) ca 450-40 (above) A nymph receives the baby Dionysos from Zeus on a vase by the Painter of the Florence Stamnoi This is his first day at daycare and he is reluctant to leave his father. Funeral Stele (grave marker) believed to come from the island of Poros ca 450 BCE (left) Early depiction of a child with genuinely childlike anatomy Bassae Temple frieze, end 5th cent., Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs – child In mother’s arms (below) White Ground Lekythoi (plural of “lekythos”) appear first about mid-5th century – they were burial offerings Charon, the boatman, ferries souls across the River Styx. Hermes is the guide. On white ground lekythoi, mourners at tombs. Note the children, above. Children appear ever more frequently on white ground lekythoi in the 2nd half of the 5th century. Meidias Ptr End 5th cent. (left) Sotades Ptr. (work- shop) ca 460 (below) Mannheim Ptr (right) Mothers with children more Common by mid-5th century Images of children at play Boys playing school (?) (left) Boys playing “knuckle bones” (like rolling dice) (left, below) Girl dancing to flute music (below) Small wine pitchers (chous) appear after mid-fifth cent, esp. between 420-410 BCE for use at festival of Anthesteria where toddlers had their first official taste of wine. Children at play on choes (plural of chous) This is the world’s best pix of a rabbit! Two views of a chous in the Chicago Art Institute collection (above) And another, also in the Chicago Art Institute collection (right) If you want to learn more about children in ancient Athens, Seymour library has two wonderful books: Coming of Age in Ancient Greece: Images of Childhood from the Clasical Past (2003) This is an exhibition catalogue with lots of pix and very good essays from a show at Dartmouth College Children and Childhood in Classical Athens by Mark Golden (1990) – this is a well written and authoritative study of the subject (a few pix) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reshaping East Roman Diplomacy with Barbarians During the 5Th Century
    Chapter 1 From Hegemony to Negotiation: Reshaping East Roman Diplomacy with Barbarians during the 5th Century Audrey Becker Introduction During the first half of the 4th century ad, thanks to their military power, the Romans had been giving the barbarian tribes bordering the Danube and the Rhine no choice but to accept the conclusion of deditio after losing the war, leav- ing them in a very humiliating position.1 Yet, the military and political events of the second half of the 4th century ad, and even more of the 5th century ad, led the Romans to reconsider their relationship with the barbarian tribes.2 The characteristics of diplomatic relationship changed even before the defeat at Andrinople in 378, because the barbarian tribes, in the middle of the 4th cen- tury, gradually became able to restore the balance of power, leading the Eastern Roman Empire to reconsider its relations with its barbarian neighbours. This compelled the Byzantine Empire, from the end of the 4th century onward, to take into account barbarian leaders or kings who became, at that time, real dip- lomatic actors playing, of necessity, with formal rules of diplomatic protocol to 1 For instance, Constantinus with the Sarmatians in 323: Zosimus, Historia Nova 2.21.3, ed.Paschoud (Paris, 2000), p. 92; Julian in 358 with the Alemanni kings Suomarius and Hor- tarius: Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae 17.10.3, ed. Sabbah (Paris, 1989), p. 64; Ammianus Marcellinus 17.10.9, p. 66; Constantius ii, in 358 as well, with the kings of the Sarmatians and Quadi: Ammianus Marcellinus 17.12.9–16, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • THE MAIN RULES of TRIBUTE PAYMENT in MID 5Th CENTURY ATHENIAN ARCHE ACCORDING to CLEINIAS DECREE
    GRAECO-LATINA BRUNENSIA 20, 2015, 1 LUKÁŠ KUBALA (MASARYK UNIVERSITY, BRNO) THE MAIN RULES OF TRIBUTE PAYMENT IN MID 5th CENTURY ATHENIAN ARCHE ACCORDING TO CLEINIAS DECREE The main priority of my paper is to point out, through epigraphic sources and evidence from the 5th century Athens, one of the most characteristic features and objectives of Athenian “imperialism” during the last two decades of the period called Pentekontaetia (the period of fifty years – 479–431 B.C.). I will especially focus my attention on one of the most important epigraphic sources from this period – Cleinias decree (448/7, 425/4(?) B.C.). The impor- tance of this decree is significant, because it puts an exact view on the process of collection of the tribute (foros) in the mid-5th century Athenian arche. The financial regulations pre- scribed in the decree were valid for all members of the Athenian arche, and had a great im- pact on restriction of their autonomy at the expense of growth of Athenian dominance in the symmachy. The main objective I want to achieve in this paper, the importance of epigraphic material and evidence as one of the most important (and in some cases irreplaceable) sourc- es of information about the image of Athenian “imperialism” and Athenian relationship towards their subject-allies in the 5th century B.C. The reason why I choose particularly this decree as a representative type of epigraphic evidence, is to show how important the annual collection of the tribute was for the Athenians, and how the Athenians used the collection of the foros, as Isocrates mentions to “publicly humiliate” the allies and how they strengthened their hegemonic position in Delian symmachy transforming it into their own thalassocratic “empire” and allies into their “subjects”.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DEMOCRACY and WAR: the CASE of ANCIENT ATHENS David M
    THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND WAR: THE CASE OF ANCIENT ATHENS David M. Pritchard (University of Queensland) Introduction This edited collection significantly advances our understanding of the two-way relationship of causation between democracy and war in world history. In particular it explores the almost entirely neglected question of the impact of the democracy of the classical Athenians on their waging of war. Today ancient Athens is not widely known for its intensification and transformation of war-making among the Greeks. It is famous instead for what is arguably the most fully developed democracy of pre- modern times and for its innovative culture, which helped lay the foundations for the arts, literature and sciences of the ancient and modern worlds. In 508/7 BC the Athenian dmos (‘people’) rose up against a leader who was once again aiming for tyranny, expelled him and the foreign troops backing his attempt, and arrested and executed his upper-class supporters (Ath. Pol. 20.1-21.2; Herodotus 5.65.5-74.1).1 They could no longer tolerate the internecine struggles of the elite and demanded an active role in the decision-making of the city. This was quickly realised by the reforms of Cleisthenes, which made the assembly and a new popular council of five- hundred members the final arbiters of public actions and laws.2 By the early 450s the people had consolidated their new dmokratia (‘democracy’) by making decisions on an increasing range of public affairs and by taking over entirely the administration of justice and the oversight of magistrates (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Red-Figured Pottery from Corinth Plate 64
    RED-FIGUREDPOTTERY FROM CORINTH SACRED SPRING AND ELSEWHERE (PLATES 63-74) THE PRESENT ARTICLE publishes the inventoried pieces of Attic red-figured pottery discovered during the excavations of the Sacred Spring. Four fragments, 49-52, belong to an unidentified fabric which does not appear to be Attic. The article also includes fragments from the Peribolos of Apollo and the Lechaion Road East, and ends with two miscellaneous sherds and an importantstemless cup. This is, in fact, the first of two articles which will cover most of the Attic red figure that has been found at Corinth since 1957.1The second article will deal with the pottery from the recent exca- vations in the central and southwesternarea of the Forum. Some 71 pieces, mainly fragments, are presented here: 52 (1-52) come from the Sacred Spring, 6 (53-58) from the Peribolos of Apollo, 10 (59-68) from excavations below Roman Shop V, east of the Lechaion Road, 3 (69-71) from various findspots. The catalogue is arrangedby shape and, within each shape, by date so far as possible. A. SACRED SPRING (Pls. 63-69) The early excavations in the Sacred Spring were published by B. H. Hill. The area was re-examined from 1968 to 1970 and again in 1972, during which eight architectural phases were distinguished, the earliest beginning in the later 8th century, the latest ending with the destruction of Corinth in 146 B.C.2 All the inventoried Attic red figure from the new excavations is listed in the following catalogue, but other fragments, of less significance, are kept in the relevant Corinth pottery lots.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of “Impure Birth” in 5Th Century Athens and Judea
    THE CONCEPT OF “IMPURE BIRTH” IN 5TH CENTURY ATHENS AND JUDEA Lisbeth S. Fried It is a great honor for me to participate in this tribute of appreciation to my friend and mentor Tikva Frymer-Kensky. Tikva was instrumental in directing scholars’ attention to the roles and concerns of women both in antiquity and in the present, and it is fitting therefore that I dedicate this study of the notion of “impure birth” in 5th-century Athens and Judah to her memory. The book of Ezra records that at the time of Ezra’s arrival in Jerusalem, the people of Israel were mingling the “holy seed” with that of the “peoples of the lands.” After these things were finished, the officials approached me and said, “The people of Israel, the priests, and the Levites have not separated themselves from the peoples of the lands whose abominations are like those of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites. They have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and for their sons. Thus they mixed the holy seed with the peoples of the lands, and the hand of the officials and magistrates was first in this rebelliousness” (Ezra 9:1–2). The antidote to the problem was mass divorce: Then Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, “You have rebelled and have caused foreign women to dwell with you, and so increased the guilt of Israel. Now make confession to YHWH the God of your fathers, and do his will; separate yourselves from the peoples of the land and from the foreign women.” Then all the assembly answered with a loud voice, “Yes; it is incumbent upon us to do according to your word.” (Ezra 10:10–12).
    [Show full text]
  • Going with the Grain: Athenian State Formation and the Question Of
    Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Going with the Grain: Athenian State Formation and the Question of Subsistence in the 5th and 4th Centuries BCE Version 1.0 January 2006 Ulrike Krotscheck Stanford University Abstract: In this paper, I address the role of Athenian grain trade policy as a driving factor of the city’s growing power in the 5th and 4th centuries. Recent explanations of increasing Athenian hegemony and dominance over other poleis during this time period have focused on the role of warfare. I present an equally important, yet often-overlooked factor: food supply. Athens was dependent on grain imports throughout the Classical Period. Through examination of the ancient sources, I demonstrate that the increasing need to secure subsistence goods for Athens significantly propelled its ambition for power, causing a fundamental shift from a non- interventionist government policy to one of heavy intervention between the 5th and the 4th centuries BCE. This shift corresponded to an increasing complexity within the mechanisms of the city’s politics. It helped propel Athenian state formation and affected the dynamic of power and politics in the ancient Mediterranean world. © Ulrike Krotscheck. [email protected] 2 Introduction In his recent book Against the Grain, Richard Manning argues that most apparently fundamental forces that have shaped the world, such as trade, wealth, disease, slavery, imperialism, and colonialism, are based on agricultural production. While Manning does offer a description of agriculture throughout human history, his main focus is on contemporary politics, specifically the US agribusiness.1 Manning may go a bit far in his ultimate conclusion – calling, among other things, for a return to hunting for subsistence - but he makes a salient point.
    [Show full text]
  • Living at the Outskirts of the Roman Empire After the Fall. a Study of 5Th Century Bavarian Burials
    Volume VII ● Issue 1/2016 ● Pages 123–135 INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY homepage: http://www.iansa.eu VII/1/2016 Living at the Outskirts of the Roman Empire after the Fall. A Study of 5th Century Bavarian Burials Michaela Harbecka*, Silvia Codreanu-Windauerb, George McGlynna, Ramona Müllera, Jochen Haberstrohc aState Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 München, Germany bBavarian State Department for the Preservation of Historical Monuments, Adolf-Schmetzer-Str. 1, 93055 Regensburg, Germany cBavarian State Department for the Preservation of Historical Monuments, Hofgraben 4, 80539 München, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The long lasting transformation process from the Roman Imperial Age to Early Middle Ages reaches Received: 11th December 2015 its zenith in the 5th century AD. The present study focuses on southern Bavaria during this specific Accepted: 27th September 2016 time period, which up to that point was incorporated into the Roman Empire as the province Raetia Secunda. All known existing anthropological data were collected and examined in order to provide Key words: an overview of a momentary anthropological understanding for this time period. The study is Roman Imperial Age augmented by additionally-conducted anthropological and strontium isotope analyses on skeletons Middle Ages from four recently-discovered contemporary cemeteries to provide information on the health and living stress marker conditions of the past local populations there. However, results show that anthropological data for this body height time and region are rare and therefore generalized conclusions based on anthropological information cribra orbitalia are seldom possible. Nonetheless, it is interesting to note that an increase in body height near the end enamel hypoplasia of the 5th century, as well as differences in the frequency of stress markers, were observed in the small strontium, isotope cemeteries investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Athens in the 5Th Century BC
    MDS1 ANG Peisistratos to Perikles: Athens in the 5th century BC Gillian Shepherd The Reforms of Kleisthenes • Division of Attica into 139 demes (municipalities) • The demes were grouped into: – 10 phylai (tribes) – and each tribe divided into 3 trittyes (thirds) • Citizenship, political and military organisation were based on these new units • Boule (council) of 500 formed from 50 representatives of each of the 10 tribes • NB demos = people, kratos = power Sources of Evidence for Athenian Democracy • Aristotle (?) Athenaion Politeia (Constitution of the Athenians), late 4th cent. BC • Pseudo-Xenophon, Athenaion Politeia (Constitution of the Athenians), or “Old Oligarch”, c. 420 BC • Political speeches (in assembly, law courts, other public gatherings like state funerals), late 5th cent. – 4th cent. • Inscriptions (public decrees, inventories, accounts etc) • Herodotus, Thucydides • Drama (especially the comedies of Aristophanes) Athenian Democracy • Political rights restricted to adult male citizens (ie not women, slaves or foreigners) • Full political rights acquired at the age of 30 (ie could be a candidate for a magistracy, juror) • Ekklesia (assembly): all adult male citizens over 20 yrs belonged to this; any could speak • Boule (Council of 500) met every day except on holidays; considered business to be put before the assembly • By the later 5th century appointment to the boule was by lot for a year; by the 4th century service was limited to 2 years for an individual • Each group of 50 men (from the 10 tribes) also served as prytaneis for a tenth of the year • Also law courts (dikasteria) Image source page: h/p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AGMA_Kleroterion.jpg Kleroterion (allotment machine) Image source page: h/p://www.utexas.edu/courses/introgreece/kleroterion.jpg Image source page: h/p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Pinakion_Archilochos.jpg Bronze pinakion of Archilochos of Phaleron (4th cent.
    [Show full text]
  • Aegean Enigma: the Rise and Fall of Vineyards During Antiquity
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 27 (2020): 33–43 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.20.002.12792 www.ejournals.eu/electrum Aegean Enigma: The Rise and Fall of Vineyards during Antiquity Paulina Komar http:/orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-223X Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw Abstract: This paper argues that the rise and fall of north and central Aegean wine exportations was caused by economic factors, such as changes in wine supply. It demonstrates that these wines disappeared from southern Gaul and central Tyrrhenian Italy when these areas started to locally produce their own wine. At the same time, north and central Aegean wines were also ousted from the Black Sea region by both local products and cheaper imports from the southern Aegean. This shows that supply and demand governed commercial activities during the Classical and Helle- nistic periods, which provides new evidence regarding the nature of the ancient Greek economy. Keywords: wine, trade, Aegean, economy, antiquity. In a paper of mine published in 20141 particular emphasis was placed on the subject of wines from Thasos, Lesbos and Chios. These wines appeared frequently in both Greek and Latin written sources, especially during the Classical and Hellenistic periods, while the amphoras in which they were transported have been attested in various areas of the Mediterranean from the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic age. Although Thasian and Lesbian containers disappeared from the archaeological record around the turn of the 3rd/2nd century BC and Chian vessels stopped appearing around the mid-1st century AD, these wines continued to appear in medical texts (e.g. the Galenic Corpus) in con- texts that suggested they were still being produced in the 2nd century AD.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Free at ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑72‑8 (PDF Edition) DOI: 10.14296/917.9781909646728
    Ravenna its role in earlier medieval change and exchange Ravenna its role in earlier medieval change and exchange Edited by Judith Herrin and Jinty Nelson LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2016 (ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑14‑8) This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution‑ NonCommercial‑NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY‑ NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities‑digital‑library.org ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑72‑8 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/917.9781909646728 iv Contents Acknowledgements vii List of contributors ix List of illustrations xiii Abbreviations xvii Introduction 1 Judith Herrin and Jinty Nelson 1. A tale of two cities: Rome and Ravenna under Gothic rule 15 Peter Heather 2. Episcopal commemoration in late fifth‑century Ravenna 39 Deborah M. Deliyannis 3. Production, promotion and reception: the visual culture of Ravenna between late antiquity and the middle ages 53 Maria Cristina Carile 4. Ravenna in the sixth century: the archaeology of change 87 Carola Jäggi 5. The circulation of marble in the Adriatic Sea at the time of Justinian 111 Yuri A. Marano 6. Social instability and economic decline of the Ostrogothic community in the aftermath of the imperial victory: the papyri evidence 133 Salvatore Cosentino 7. A striking evolution: the mint of Ravenna during the early middle ages 151 Vivien Prigent 8. Roman law in Ravenna 163 Simon Corcoran 9.
    [Show full text]
  • BUDDHISM in GANDH¹RA Siglinde Dietz (Göttingen) 1. Introduction
    BUDDHISM IN GANDHURA Siglinde Dietz (Göttingen) 1. Introduction: Gandh ra and Its Sphere of Influence Gandhra is the ancient Sanskrit name of the region surrounding Peshawar (Skt. Puruapura) which is now the northwestern frontier province of Pakistan. Gndhri1 as the name of a people in Northwest India living near the river Kabul is rst mentioned in the °gveda (Hymn Veda), the most ancient work of Indian literature.2 Whereas according to Greek and Chinese sources the river Indus constituted the eastern frontier of Gandhra, it stretched up to Rawalpindi according to Indian sources. In the old Indian epic Rmyana, which relates the adventures of Rma and S ta, the eastern border of Gandhra was located near Rawalpindi. According to this epic, Gandhra was conquered by Bharata, a brother of Rma, who founded two major towns for his sons: Pukalvat (or Pukarvat , Greek Peukelaotis, now Charsadda) for Pukala and Takail (now Taxila) for Taka. Buddhist sources have Taxila as the capital of Gandhra.3 During the Persian dynasty of the Achaemenids, in the time of Dareios I. (6th/5th century BC) and his successors (559–336 BC), Gandhra had to pay taxes to these Persian kings. The Greek historians Herodot (5th century BC) and Strabon (1st century BC) as well as the geographer Ptolemaios (2nd century AD) knew its inhabitants as Gandarites and Gandarai. This province was surrendered to the Indian king Candragupta Maurya (ca. 320–300 BC) in 305 BC in a treaty with Seleukos I.4 At that time, it comprised not only the region around Peshawar (Puruapura), but also the Western Punjab (Panjab).
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 1: the Ancient World from the Earliest Times to the 5Th Century
    BA HISTORY SUBSIDIARY SEMESTER I Paper 1: The Ancient World from the Earliest Times to the 5th Century Credits: 04 UNIT I FORAGING AND FOOD PRODUCING COMMUNITIES IN PRE-HISTORY 1. Early and middle Stone Age 200, 0000 to 8,000 BCE a) Social Organization – Insights from the study of modern foraging communities b) Economic Activities – An ethno-archaeological profile 2. New Stone Age, 10,000 to 4000 BCE a) Agricultural Revolution b) Important Centres – South America, China and West Asia UNIT II URBAN REVOLUTION AND THE ORIGIN OF STATES 3. Emergence of cities in a changing economy a) Emergence of city life in West Asia b) Early City states of Sumeria 4. State and ideology in Ancient Egypt a) Consolidation of Egypt as a political unit b) Warriors and Priests in the age of Pyramids UNIT III EMERGENCE OF EARLY EMPIRES IN WEST ASIA 5. Elements of imperial state formation a) The idea of an empire b) The Assyrians empire (1400 BCE to 700 BCE) 6. A transcontinental Empire: Persian-Achaemenids (550 BC – 330 BC) a) Political structure b) Encounters with Greek polis UNIT IV POLITY AND STATE IN THE GRECO-ROMAN WORLD 7. Greek city-states a) Changes in the idea of citizenship b) Political Philosophy and Literature 8. The Roman Empire a) Economic foundations b) Empire and Christianity Reading List 1. A.H. M. Jones, Athenian Democracy, Oxford, 1969. 2. A.H. M. Jones, The Roman Economy, Oxford, 1974. 3. Amar Farooqi, Ancient Social Formations (also in Hindi), Delhi, 2001. 4. Antony Andrews, Greek Society, Harmondsworth, 1991.
    [Show full text]