Grevillea Robusta Proteaceae

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Grevillea Robusta Proteaceae Grevillea robusta Proteaceae Eastern Australia Am: Grevila; Eng: Silky oak, Grevillea Ecology Each capsule contains only two seeds that A very successful Australian tree planted are dispersed by wind soon after the capsule and widely used in Africa, 0–3,000 m. splits open. Capsules can be collected Grows on fairly well drained and neutral when they are brown and mature but to acidic soils but does not tolerate water just before they split and then be kept for logging or heavy clays. In Ethiopia, it does drying, splitting and extraction of seeds. well in Dry, Moist and Wet Weyna Dega Germination rate 30–90 %. 70,000– and Dega agroclimatic zones, 1,500–2,700 110,000 seed per kg. m. Treatment: Not necessary for fresh seed. Uses Storage: Seed can be stored for up to Firewood, charcoal, timber (furniture), three months, but this period can be poles, fodder (leaves), bee forage, shade, extended if it is refrigerated. It is better ornamental, soil conservation, windbreak. to avoid storage. Description Management A semi‑deciduous tree to 20 m or more Moderate to fast growing. Pollarding, with a straight trunk and angular branches. lopping, coppicing and pruning. Only An oval leafy crown. BARK: Dark grey, young trees coppice well. rough, vertically grooved. LEAVES: Remarks Compound, fern‑like, very divided, It can be an important dry‑season fodder leathery pale green above, silver‑grey below. although not top‑quality. The leaf litter can FLOWERS: Very many, in one‑sided be used as bedding material in livestock golden‑orange spikes, much nectar which zero‑grazing units. A mixture of manure attracts bees and sunbirds. FRUIT: Dark and Grevillea leaves make a very good brown capsule, about 1 cm, with a slender addition to the soil. The tree grows well beak, splitting to set free 2 winged seeds. with food crops if managed to reduce shade. Propagation The timber is hard and has an attractive Wildings, seedlings. grain — the red‑brown colour and silky surface like that of the true oak, Quercus. Seed The species is a prolific seeder. Collection of large amounts of seed is time consuming. 290 | Useful Trees and Shrubs of Ethiopia Photo: Patrick Maundu Photos: Patrick Maundu The Species | 291.
Recommended publications
  • Plant List ~ 28Th Edition
    Plant List ~ 28th Edition Key to Plant Characteristics This plant list is purely a guide to species cultivated and does not indicate the A Australian native availability of plants at any one time. a West Australian native B Tree Plant heights and widths are based on C Shrub average Perth growing conditions and may D Dense foliage vary based on soil conditions and aspect. E Ground cover F Climber Nursery Trading Hours G Suitable for pots or baskets Everyday 9am to 5.30pm H Low water requirements Closed Christmas Day I Attracts birds J Fast growing 155 Watsonia Road K Fragrant Maida Vale, WA 6057 L Grows in sandy soils Australia M Will grow in heavy clay soils N Some shade required Phone: (08) 9454 6260 O Suitable for damp conditions Fax: (08) 9454 4540 P Will tolerate some salt in soil Q Tolerates coastal alkaline soils www.zanthorrea.com R Will grow in shade S Can be difficult to grow T Local plant to the Perth region Rewarding, reliable, recommended! ß Butterfly attracting © Cockatoo feeding ƒ Frog feed and habitat Bush Tucker Plant Name Code Height Flower Flower Other information & Width Colour Time & common names Acacia “Wattle” acuminata aBHLMß 5m Yellow Aug.-Sept. Jam wattle alata aCHLMRT 1m Pale yellow May.-Sept. Winged wattle aphylla aCHJM 1.5m Yellow Aug.-Sept. Rock wattle cardiophylla ACDJLMR 2-3m Yellow Aug.-Oct. Wyalong wattle celastrifolia aCDHJLMR 3-4m Yellow June-Nov. cognata ACDJLMOR 5m Light yellow Aug.-Dec. River wattle coriacea aBHLM 5m Lemon June-July cyclops aCDHLPQß 2-3m Yellow Oct.-Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • NSW Rainforest Trees Part
    This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. · RESEARCH NOTE No. 35 ~.I~=1 FORESTRY COMMISSION OF N.S.W. RESEARCH NOTE No. 35 P)JBLISHED 197R N.S.W. RAINFOREST TREES PART VII FAMILIES: PROTEACEAE SANTALACEAE NYCTAGINACEAE GYROSTEMONACEAE ANNONACEAE EUPOMATIACEAE MONIMIACEAE AUTHOR A.G.FLOYD (Research Note No. 35) National Library of Australia card number and ISBN ISBN 0 7240 13997 ISSN 0085-3984 INTRODUCTION This is the seventh in a series ofresearch notes describing the rainforest trees of N.S. W. Previous publications are:- Research Note No. 3 (I 960)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part I Family LAURACEAE. A. G. Floyd and H. C. Hayes. Research Note No. 7 (1961)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part II Families Capparidaceae, Escalloniaceae, Pittosporaceae, Cunoniaceae, Davidsoniaceae. A. G. Floyd and H. C. Hayes. Research Note No. 28 (I 973)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part III Family Myrtaceae. A. G. Floyd. Research Note No. 29 (I 976)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part IV Family Rutaceae. A. G. Floyd. Research Note No. 32 (I977)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part V Families Sapindaceae, Akaniaceae. A. G. Floyd. Research Note No. 34 (1977)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part VI Families Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • PROTEACEAE – It's All About Pollination
    PROTEACEAE – it’s all about pollination …….Gail Slykhuis Illustration Philippa Hesterman, images Ellinor Campbell & Marg McDonald A predominantly southern hemisphere plant family, Proteaceae is well represented in Australia, particularly in the West, but we do have our own equally special local representatives, some of which are outlined below. A characteristic feature of many genera within this plant family is the ‘pollen presenter’, which is a fascinating mechanism by which the pollen, which would otherwise be difficult to access for potential pollination vectors such as bees, birds and nectarivorous mammals, is positioned on the extended style of the flower, facilitating cross- pollination. The stigma, which is part of the style, is not mature at this time, thus avoiding self-pollination. A hand lens would enable you to clearly see pollen presenters on the following local representatives: Banksia marginata, Grevillea infecunda, Hakea spp., Isopogon ceratophyllus and Lomatia illicifolia. It is interesting to note that both Victorian Smoke-bush Conospermum mitchellii and Prickly Geebung Persoonia juniperina, also found in our district, do not have pollen presenters. Silver Banksia Banksia marginata This shrub or small tree is readily recognisable when flowering (Feb – July) by the conspicuous yellow pollen presenters, which are an obvious floral part of the banksia flower. These flowers then slowly mature into our iconic woody banksia cones. It is interesting to observe the changes in the nature of the pollen presenters as the flower develops. The white undersides of the leathery leaves provide a clue to the choice of common name with their tip being characteristically blunt or truncate. Anglesea Grevillea Grevillea infecunda One of our endemic plants, the Anglesea Grevillea was first named in 1986 and is Anglesea Grevillea found in several locations north west of Anglesea.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1: General Introduction and Aims
    Margaret L. Stimpson Banksia spinulosa complex Chapter 1: General introduction and aims “The history of science, like the history of all human ideas, is a history of irresponsible dreams, of obstinacy, and of error. But science is one of the very few human activities perhaps the only one in which errors are systematically criticized and fairly often, in time, corrected. This is why we can say that, in science, we often learn from our mistakes, and why we can speak clearly and sensibly about making progress there.” (Popper 1963 p. 216) Proteaceae and Banksia The flowering plant family Proteaceae is predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere and represents a classic Gondwanan clade, with fossils dating to c. 94 Mya, i.e., shortly after the separation of Africa from the rest of Gondwana (Guerin and Hill 2006). The family comprises about 80 genera with c. 1700 species, c.1450 of which are distributed in Australia and South Africa, which have the greatest concentrations of diversity (APG III 2009). There are also about 83 species in 8 genera in South and Central America (Prance and Plana 1998). Well known genera in the Proteaceae clade include Telopea, Protea, Banksia, Grevillea, Hakea, and Macadamia. The New South Wales floral emblem is the Waratah (Telopea speciosissima); Banksia, Grevillea, and Leucadendron are popular cut flowers, while the nuts of Macadamia integrifolia are widely grown commercially. The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae subfam. Grevilleoideae) was first described on the basis of four species collected by Banks and Solander during the Cook voyage in 1770 (Thiele and Ladiges 1996; Collins et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Persoonia Levis Broad-Leaved Geebung
    Persoonia levis Broad-leaved Geebung Geebung is an unusual name derived from Aboriginal languages: geebung is the name used by the Dharuk in the Sydney Region, and Jibbong by the Wiradjuri1. The genus name Persoonia, to our ears, is also unusual until you find out that it is named after a Dutch mycologist (someone who studies fungi), Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. Geebungs are endemic to Australia and there are almost 100 species which, for the most part, are found in eastern Australia, and in the SW corner of Western Australia. They are mostly small trees or shrubs. This particular species, Persoonia levis, common in Sydney bushland, grows along the central and north coast of NSW, and in the SE corner of NSW and NE corner of Victoria. We are accustomed to the subtle olives, blues, greys and yellowish greens of the foliage of the Australian bush but the Broad-leaved Geebung is quite a contrast with bright, apple green foliage. The fruits, too, are unusual, round and succulent, bright green colouring to purple, very different from the dry, hard fruits of other genera in the same (Proteaceae) family, for example, Needle Bush (Hakea), Telopea (Waratah), Grevillea and Woodly Pear (Xylomelum). Geebungs are also unusual in that they have seven chromosomes that are much larger than those of other Proteaceae2. Broad-leaved Geebung has papery bark that provides some protection from bushfires. Peel back the superficial burnt bark and you will find glorious, rich crimson beneath the blackened exterior. This species also has the potential to resprout after fires, and regenerate from seed.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue in This Issue
    No. 14 Hakea IN THIS ISSUE DHakea The first collection of This issue of Seed Notes Hakea was made in 1770 will cover the genus by Joseph Banks and Daniel Hakea. Solander from the Endeavour D Description expedition. The genus was described in 1797 by Schrader D Geographic and Wendland, and named distribution and habitat after Baron von Hake, a 19th century patron of botany, D Reproductive biology in Hanover. Plants were D Seed collection introduced into cultivation in England before that time. D Seed quality D assessment Hakea neurophylla. Photo – Sue Patrick D Seed germination D Recommended reading Description DMost hakeas are shrubs, woody and persistent; whereas ranging from small to low Grevillea has non-woody and medium height. They can non-persistent fruits. Most be useful for screening or as Hakea species have tough, groundcovers. Without fruits, pungent foliage that may be Hakea and Grevillea can be terete (needle-like), flat or confused. Both have flowers divided into segments. The with four tepals (petals and leaves are generally a similar sepals combined), an erect colour on both sides. Plants or recurved limb in bud and are usually single or multi- a similar range of leaf and stemmed shrubs, with smooth pollen presenter shapes. But bark, although there are the fruits are very different. ‘corkwood‘ hakeas with thick, Hakea fruits are generally deeply furrowed bark. Many Hakea can resprout after fire or disturbance, and these tend to be the species exhibiting multiple stems. The flowers are generally bisexual and range in colour from cream to green to pink, red, orange and mauve.
    [Show full text]
  • Grevillea Robusta A
    Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. Proteaceae Grevillea LOCAL NAMES Burmese (khadaw hmi); English (silk oak,southern silky oak,silver oak,silky oak,silk-oak grevillea,grevillea,river oak); French (chêne d'Australie,Grevillée robuste); German (Australische seideneiche); Hawaian (oka-kilika,haiku-keokeo); Indonesian (salamandar); Javanese (salamandar); Ndebele (kangiyo); Nepali (Kangiyo); Spanish (agravilla,roble australiano,helecho,roble plateado,grevilea,roble de seda); Swahili (mgrivea,mukima); Tamil (savukkumaram); Thai (son-india); Trade name (Grevillea); Urdu (bekkar,bahekar); Vietnamese (tr[ax]i ban,tr[ax]I b[af]n,ng[aa]n hoa) Trees in 3-year-old provennace trial in Malava, Kenya (Anthony Simons) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Grevillea robusta is a deciduous medium-sized to large tree 12-25 (max. 40) m tall; crown conical, dense, with branches projecting upwards. Bole straight, branchless for up to 15 m, up to 80 (max. 120) cm in diameter, usually without buttresses; bark fissured, sometimes pustulate, dark grey to dark brown, inner bark reddish-brown. Leaves alternate, fernlike, pinnately (almost bipinnately) compound, 15-30 cm long, exstipulate; 11-21 pairs side axes (pinnae), 4-9 cm long, deeply divided into narrow, long, pointed lobes 6-12 mm wide, upper surfaces shiny dark green and hairless, underneath silky with whitish or ash- Shade trees: Shade trees planted along the coloured hairs. edge of a field of maize in Embu, Kenya. Trees have been pruned to reduce competition with the crop. (Chris Harwood) Flowers showy, yellowish, numerous, paired, on long slender stalks 1-2 cm, composed of 4 narrow yellow or orange sepals 12 mm long.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Wise and Fire Wise Plants
    WATER WISE AND FIRE WISE PLANTS Walter Andersen Nursery Fire & Water-wise Plant List Botanical Name Species Common Name Native Per GC Shrub Tree Grass Vine WATER NEED FIREWISE Comments Acacia various Acacia X X DT-L sun Acca sellowianna Pineapple Guava X X L-M sun Achillea all Yarrow X L X sun Adenanthos drummondii Woolybush X L-M shade inland Aesculus californica Horsechestnut X L-M sun Ajuga reptans Carpet Bugle X M sun Aloysia triphylla Lemon Verbena X L sun Alyogyne huegelii Blue Hisiscus X DT X sun Andropogon various Blue Stem X L sun/part shade Anemone hybrid Japanese Anemone X M sun Anisodontea various Cape Mallow X L-M sun Arbutus various Strawberry Tree X X DT X sun Arctostaphylos various Manzanita X X X DT some sun Arctotis acaulis African Daisy X X L sun Argyranthemum frutescens Argyranthemum X M sun Artemesia californica Coastal Sagebrush X X L X sun Artemesia various Wormwood/Dusty Miller X X L-M limited sun Ascelepsis tuberosa Butterfly Weed X M sun Aspidistra elatior Cast-iron Plant X M shade Astelia various Silver Spear X M sun/part shade Aster various Aster X L-M sun/part sun Asteriscus various Gold Coin/Canary Island Daisy X X L-M sun Austrostipa ramosissima X L-M sun Baccharis pilularis Dwarf Coyote Bush X X L X sun Banksia speciosa Showy Banksia X L sun Bauhinia blakeana Hong Kong Orchid X M sun Berberis repens Creeping Barberry X L sun/light shade Boronia various Boronia X L-M sun Bougainvillea Bougainvillea X X L limited sun Bouteloua various various X L sun Buchloe * dactyloides Buffalo Grass X L sun Buddleja various
    [Show full text]
  • Spring Brings Many Opportunities to Celebrate with Exotic Proteaceae
    - Advertisement - Spring brings many opportunities to celebrate with exotic proteaceae February 28, 2012 Diana Roy When spring arrives, many opportunities for celebrating are at hand. Consider the months of March, April and May with International Women’s Day (March 8), Administrative Professionals Day (April 25) and Mother’s Day (May 13) as well as St. Patrick’s Day (March 17) and Easter (April 8). All these occasions provide the perfect opportunity to give and to enjoy flowers. Flowers say so much. Their color, texture, form and combination tell a story and create a mood. This spring, more consumers will seek an exotic mood with gorgeous proteaceae. The possibilities are endless with approximately 73 genera and more than 1,500 species in the proteaceae family, and from time to time a new species is discovered. Adding to the intrigue of this plant family is the ever-increasing number of cultivars being developed. These cultivars or hybrids often have significant advantages because they are usually developed and grown with the intent to satisfy the cut-flower industry with better colors, longer and straighter stems, and increased vase life. Some of the most popular and best-known genera of the proteaceae are Banksia, Grevillea, Leucadendron, Leucospermum Pincushion and Protea, the one for which this family is named. Each of these unique members has a significant number of species, Banksia with approximately 75, 1 / 2 Grevillea 273, Leucadendron 80, Leucospermum 48 and Protea with 136 species. Another thing to consider is just how different the various members of this family are. It is amazing that the spidery flower of a Grevillea, the massive cones of a Banksia, the colorful flowering Leucadendron, the pin-filled Leucospermum and the cup-shaped Protea are all proteaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • BEES and the POLLINATION of MACADAMIA Dr Helen Wallace University of the Sunshine Coast
    TECHNICAL PAPERS….Page 71 BEES AND THE POLLINATION OF MACADAMIA Dr Helen Wallace University of the Sunshine Coast BACKGROUND self pollen clumps from the stigmas, and make contact with About 5 years ago I completed my Ph.D. at the approximately 30-40 stigmas (Wallace, unpublished data). University of Queensland on “Bees and the pollination of Each time they touch is a chance for pollination, although we macadamia”. This work has never been published in the don’t know just how many pollen grains they deposit on AMS bulletin as I immediately took up a position each visit. We also know that flowers that are bagged in the working on pollination of citrus and have since been day and unbagged at night do not set any nuts (Heard 1993), working on pollination for other horticultural industries. suggesting that whatever is pollinating macadamias only Given recent concern about pollination in macadamia works in the daytime. here is a summary of my work. The same study found that the more bee visits a flower WHY DO MACADAMIAS NEED BEES? receives, the higher the initial nut set. I am not saying that Most growers are aware of a large body of work on the wind pollination does not occur, but that all the evidence importance of cross pollination for high yields in suggests that if bees are present, they are much, much more macadamia (Trueman and Turnbull 1994, Wallace et al. effective pollinators than wind. If you think wind is the only 1996, McConchie et al. 1997). Some growers may not be thing pollinating in your orchard, you should consider aware of the importance of bees for pollination in introducing honeybees or Trigona bees.
    [Show full text]
  • Grevillea: Breeding and Development of Cut Flowers
    Grevillea: Breeding and Development of Cut Flowers A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by P.M. Martin and G.N. Brown July 2007 RIRDC Publication No 07/101 RIRDC Project No US-105A © 2007 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 498 3 ISSN 1440-6845 Grevillea: Breeding and Development of Cut Flowers Publication No. 07/101 Project No. US-105A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Local Native Plants for Use in Bushfire Prone Locations
    Best local native plants for use in Bushfire Prone Locations In the wake of bushfire, many local gardeners seek to replant landscaped areas with so called ‘low flammability’ species. It is important to understand that under extreme bushfire conditions, all vegetative material can burn. However, some species are less likely to ignite or burn intensely than others, and some species have growth characteristics which make them less likely to promote the spread of fire. If you are replanting the areas surrounding your dwelling or other areas within your Asset Protection Zone (APZ), careful attention must be paid to both species selection and garden layout. Consider the usefulness and suitability of each existing or proposed planting. Be mindful of the plant’s ultimate height and spread, and don’t overplant, or alternatively be prepared to prune or cull as plants mature. Both vertical and horizontal separation between canopy components or shrub clusters needs to be retained so as to reduce the potential for fire to spread. Whether selecting new plants for your garden, or species for retention in your APZ, there are a few key characteristics to look for: • Relatively high moisture content of leaves (‘mesic’ or rainforest type species, but these need to remain well watered if they are to retain their fire suppressant characteristics) • Low levels of volatile oil in leaves (crush and sniff the leaf to see if you can detect a strong smell) • Large or hard leaves with simple margins • Smooth, hard, or persistent bark, rather than flakey or ribbon bark • Plants that don’t accumulate a lot of dead leaf and stem material below them or suspended in the foliage.
    [Show full text]