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(Faa 118/119) Assessment PHOTO CREDIT: USAID|TANZANIA USAID/TANZANIA BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY (FAA 118/119) ASSESSMENT APRIL 2019 DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Cadmus Group LLC and ICF prepared this report under USAID’s Environmental Compliance Support (ECOS) Contract, Contract Number GS00Q14OADU119, Order No. 7200AA18N00001 for USAID/Tanzania. ECOS is implemented by ICF and its subcontractors. The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. USAID/TANZANIA BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY (FAA 118/119) ASSESSMENT APRIL 2019 Prepared by: The Cadmus Group LLC and ICF Assessment Team: Michael Minkoff, Josh Habib, Richard Kangalawe, Daudi Msangameno, Geofrey Mwanjela, and Hussein Sosovele Contributors: Paola Bernazzani, Katie Browning, Jaime Capron, Taner Durusu, Andres Gomez, Jon Hecht, Molly Hellmuth, Thomas Morrison, Jason Reubens, and Alex Taylor The Cadmus Group, L.L.C. 100 Fifth Avenue, Suite 100 Waltham, MA 02451 +1-617-673-7000 Fax +1-617-673-7001 www.cadmusgroup.com ICF 9300 Lee Hwy Fairfax, VA 22031 USA +1-703-934-3000 www.icf.com ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank ADS Automated System BMU Beach Management Unit CBFM Community Based Forest Management CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CCRO Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy Chadema Chama cha Demokrasia CCM Chama Cha Mapinduzi CSO Civil Society Organization CSA Climate Smart Agriculture CFMA Coastal Fisheries Management Area CIMU Conservation Information and Monitoring Unit CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CWT Counter Wildlife Trafficking CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy DSFA Deep-Sea Fishing Authority DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DFNR Department of Forests and Non-Renewable Resources Zanzibar DOS-INL US Department of State’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs DOI-ITAP US Department of the Interior’s International Technical Assistance Program DPG Development Partners Group DPG-E Development Partners Group on Environment, Natural Resources and Climate Change DFR District Forest Reserve DoE Division of Environment EAMCP East Africa Mangrove Carbon Project EENT Endangered Ecosystems - Northern Tanzania EIA Environmental Impact Assessments ETOA Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone USAID/TANZANIA | BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY (FAA 118/119) ASSESSMENT i FAA Foreign Assistance Act FBD Forestry and Beekeeping Division FP Family Planning FSC Forest Stewardship Council FTF Feed the Future GCA Game Controlled Area GRs Game Reserves GIS Geographic Information System GEF Global Environment Facility GMU Gombe-Masito-Ugalla GoT Government of Tanzania GCF Green Climate Fund GDP Gross domestic product IP Implementing partner IPM Integrated Pest Management IR Intermediate Results ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IUU Illegal, unreported, and unregulated JGI Jane Goodall Institute JFM Joint forestry management KBA Key Biodiversity Areas LUPC Land Use Planning Commission LPG Liquid petroleum gas LCWT Landscape Conservation in Western Tanzania LGA Local Government Authority LTA Land Tenure Assistance MCH Maternal and Child Health MMA Marine managed area MPRU Marine Parks and Reserves Unit MPA Marine Protected Area MnM Mboga na Matunda MAST Mobile Applications to Secure Tenure MoHCDGEC Ministry of Health, Community Development Gender, Elderly and Children MNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism USAID/TANZANIA | BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY (FAA 118/119) ASSESSMENT ii MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NBS National Bureau of Statistics NCA Ngorongoro Conservation Area NEMC National Environment Management Council NAFORMA National Forest Resources Monitoring and Assessment of Tanzania Mainland NRM Natural Resource Management NA Necessary Action NGO Non-governmental organization OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation (soon to become the International Development Finance Corporation, or IDFC) PAPA Participating Agency Program Agreement PFM Participatory Forest Management PRM Participatory Rangeland Management PES Payment for Ecosystem Services PREPARED Planning for Resilience in East Africa through Policy, Adaptation, Research, and Economic Development PHE Population, health, environment PA Power Africa PEPFAR President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief PMI President’s Malaria Initiative PO-RALG President’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Government PAD Project Appraisal Document PROTECT Promoting Tanzania's Environment, Conservation, and Tourism Project PPP Public-Private Partnership REDD+ Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation RAS Regional Administrative Secretary REFIT Renewable energy feed-in tariff SAGCOT Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania SHARPP Southern Highlands and Ruaha-Katavi Protection Program SOKNOT Southern Kenya-Northern Tanzania STEP Southern Tanzania Elephant Program SOW Scope of work SWAMP Sustainable Wetland Adaptation and Mitigation Program TFF Tanzania Forest Fund USAID/TANZANIA | BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY (FAA 118/119) ASSESSMENT iii TFS Tanzania Forest Service NEP Tanzania Mainland National Environmental Policy TANAPA Tanzania National Parks TAWA Tanzania Wildlife Authority TAWIRI Tanzanian Wildlife Research Institute TNC The Nature Conservancy TRUST Technical Register for Social Tenure URCT Ujamaa Community Resource Team UN United Nations UNODC UN Office on Drugs and Crime URT United Republic of Tanzania USAID United States Agency for International Development USFS USDA Forest Service USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service USG United States Government UWASA Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority VPO Vice President’s Office VLFR Village Land Forest Reserves VLUP Village land use plan WARIDI Water Resources Integration Development Initiative WUA Water User Association WOPE Whole-of-project evaluation WCA Wildlife Conservation Act WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WD Wildlife Division WMA Wildlife Management Area TRAPS Wildlife Trafficking, Response, Assessment and Priority Setting WBG World Bank Group WWF World Wildlife Fund USAID/TANZANIA | BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY (FAA 118/119) ASSESSMENT iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................................................. vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ viii STATUS OF TROPICAL FORESTS & BIODIVERSITY ....................................................................................................... viii THREATS & DRIVERS ................................................................................................................................................................... ix EXTENT TO WHICH ACTIONS NECESSARY ARE SUPPORTED BY USAID/TANZANIA PROGRAMS .......... x GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND HIGH PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USAID/TANZANIA ................... xii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PURPOSE & SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE USAID PROGRAM ................................................................................................. 2 1.3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. COUNTRY CONTEXT AND BIOPHYSICAL SETTING ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1 COUNTRY CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 BIOPHYSICAL SETTING ................................................................................................................................................. 6 3. TANZANIA’S BIODIVERSITY & TROPICAL FORESTS ........................................................................................................
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