Cellular Cullin RING Ubiquitin Ligases: Druggable Host Dependency Factors of Cytomegaloviruses
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
And Toxoplasmosis in Jackass Penguins in South Africa
IMMUNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF BABESIOSIS (BABESIA PEIRCEI) AND TOXOPLASMOSIS IN JACKASS PENGUINS IN SOUTH AFRICA GRACZYK T.K.', B1~OSSY J.].", SA DERS M.L. ', D UBEY J.P.···, PLOS A .. ••• & STOSKOPF M. K .. •••• Sununary : ReSlIlIle: E x-I1V\c n oN l~ lIrIUSATION D'Ar\'"TIGENE DE B ;IB£,'lA PH/Re El EN ELISA ET simoNi,cATIVlTli t'OUR 7 bxo l'l.ASMA GONIJfI DE SI'I-IENICUS was extracted from nucleated erythrocytes Babesia peircei of IJEMIiNSUS EN ArRIQUE D U SUD naturally infected Jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus) from South Africo (SA). Babesia peircei glycoprotein·enriched fractions Babesia peircei a ele extra it d 'erythrocytes nue/fies p,ovenanl de Sphenicus demersus originoires d 'Afrique du Sud infectes were obto ined by conca navalin A-Sepharose affinity column natulellement. Des fractions de Babesia peircei enrichies en chromatogrophy and separated by sod ium dodecyl sulphate glycoproleines onl ele oblenues par chromatographie sur colonne polyacrylam ide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE ). At least d 'alfinite concona valine A-Sephorose et separees par 14 protein bonds (9, 11, 13, 20, 22, 23, 24, 43, 62, 90, electrophorese en gel de polyacrylamide-dodecylsuJfale de sodium 120, 204, and 205 kDa) were observed, with the major protein (SOS'PAGE) Q uotorze bandes proleiques au minimum ont ete at 25 kDa. Blood samples of 191 adult S. demersus were tes ted observees (9, 1 I, 13, 20, 22, 23, 24, 43, 62, 90, 120, 204, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assoy (ELISA) utilizing B. peircei et 205 Wa), 10 proleine ma;eure elant de 25 Wo. -
Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States Toxoplasmosis
Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is a preventable disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. An infected individual can experience fever, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes, but can also show no signs or symptoms. A small number of infected persons may experience eye disease, and infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or severe disease in the newborn, including developmental delays, blindness, and epilepsy. Once infected with T. gondii, people are generally infected for life. As a result, infected individuals with weakened immune systems—such as in the case of advanced HIV disease, during cancer treatment, or after organ transplant—can experience disease reactivation, which can result in severe illness or even death. In persons with advanced HIV disease, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) due to toxoplasmosis is common unless long-term preventive medication is taken. Researchers have also found an association of T. gondii infection with the risk for mental illness, though this requires further study. Although T. gondii can infect most warm-blooded animals, cats are the only host that shed an environmentally resistant form of the organism (oocyst) in their feces. Once a person or another warm-blooded animal ingests the parasite, it becomes infectious and travels through the wall of the intestine. Then the parasite is carried by blood to other tissues including the muscles and central nervous system. Humans can be infected several ways, including: • Eating raw or undercooked meat containing the parasite in tissue cysts (usually pork, lamb, goat, or wild game meat, although beef and field-raised chickens have been implicated in studies). -
Datasheet: VMA00139 Product Details
Datasheet: VMA00139 Description: MOUSE ANTI SAMHD1 Specificity: SAMHD1 Format: Purified Product Type: PrecisionAb™ Monoclonal Clone: OTI1F6 Isotype: IgG1 Quantity: 100 µl Product Details Applications This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. Please refer to references indicated for further information. For general protocol recommendations, please visit www.bio-rad-antibodies.com/protocols. Yes No Not Determined Suggested Dilution Western Blotting 1/1000 PrecisionAb antibodies have been extensively validated for the western blot application. The antibody has been validated at the suggested dilution. Where this product has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Further optimization may be required dependant on sample type. Target Species Human Product Form Purified IgG - liquid Preparation Mouse monoclonal antibody purified by affinity chromatography from ascites. Buffer Solution Phosphate buffered saline Preservative 0.09% Sodium Azide (NaN3) Stabilisers 1% Bovine Serum Albumin 50% Glycerol Immunogen Full length recombinant human SAMHD1 (NP_056289) produced in HEK293T cells External Database Links UniProt: Q9Y3Z3 Related reagents Entrez Gene: 25939 SAMHD1 Related reagents Synonyms MOP5 Page 1 of 2 Specificity Mouse anti Human SAMHD1 antibody recognizes the deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1, also known as SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1, dNTPase, dendritic cell-derived IFNG-induced protein, deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 and monocyte protein 5. SAMHD1 may play a role in regulation of the innate immune response. The encoded protein is upregulated in response to viral infection and may be involved in mediation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha proinflammatory responses. -
Oxidative Stress As a Possible Target in the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Perspectives and Ambiguities
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Oxidative Stress as a Possible Target in the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Perspectives and Ambiguities Karolina Szewczyk-Golec , Marta Pawłowska , Roland Wesołowski , Marcin Wróblewski and Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska * Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru´n,24 Karłowicza St, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] (K.S.-G.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (R.W.); [email protected] (M.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-52-585-37-37 Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in immunocompromised patients and fetuses. Available treatment options are limited, so there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology and treatment of T. gondii infection. Chemical compounds that modify redox status can reduce the parasite viability and thus be potential anti-Toxoplasma drugs. On the other hand, oxidative stress caused by the activation of the inflammatory response may have some deleterious consequences in host cells. In this respect, the potential use of natural antioxidants Citation: Szewczyk-Golec, K.; is worth considering, including melatonin and some vitamins, as possible novel anti-Toxoplasma Pawłowska, M.; Wesołowski, R.; therapeutics. Results of in vitro and animal studies are promising. However, supplementation with Wróblewski, M.; Mila-Kierzenkowska, some antioxidants was found to promote the increase in parasitemia, and the disease was then C. -
4-6 Weeks Old Female C57BL/6 Mice Obtained from Jackson Labs Were Used for Cell Isolation
Methods Mice: 4-6 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice obtained from Jackson labs were used for cell isolation. Female Foxp3-IRES-GFP reporter mice (1), backcrossed to B6/C57 background for 10 generations, were used for the isolation of naïve CD4 and naïve CD8 cells for the RNAseq experiments. The mice were housed in pathogen-free animal facility in the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology and were used according to protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and use Committee. Preparation of cells: Subsets of thymocytes were isolated by cell sorting as previously described (2), after cell surface staining using CD4 (GK1.5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD3ε (145- 2C11), CD24 (M1/69) (all from Biolegend). DP cells: CD4+CD8 int/hi; CD4 SP cells: CD4CD3 hi, CD24 int/lo; CD8 SP cells: CD8 int/hi CD4 CD3 hi, CD24 int/lo (Fig S2). Peripheral subsets were isolated after pooling spleen and lymph nodes. T cells were enriched by negative isolation using Dynabeads (Dynabeads untouched mouse T cells, 11413D, Invitrogen). After surface staining for CD4 (GK1.5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD62L (MEL-14), CD25 (PC61) and CD44 (IM7), naïve CD4+CD62L hiCD25-CD44lo and naïve CD8+CD62L hiCD25-CD44lo were obtained by sorting (BD FACS Aria). Additionally, for the RNAseq experiments, CD4 and CD8 naïve cells were isolated by sorting T cells from the Foxp3- IRES-GFP mice: CD4+CD62LhiCD25–CD44lo GFP(FOXP3)– and CD8+CD62LhiCD25– CD44lo GFP(FOXP3)– (antibodies were from Biolegend). In some cases, naïve CD4 cells were cultured in vitro under Th1 or Th2 polarizing conditions (3, 4). -
Substrate Trapping Proteomics Reveals Targets of the Trcp2
Substrate Trapping Proteomics Reveals Targets of the TrCP2/FBXW11 Ubiquitin Ligase Tai Young Kim,a,b* Priscila F. Siesser,a,b Kent L. Rossman,b,c Dennis Goldfarb,a,d Kathryn Mackinnon,a,b Feng Yan,a,b XianHua Yi,e Michael J. MacCoss,e Randall T. Moon,f Channing J. Der,b,c Michael B. Majora,b,d Department of Cell Biology and Physiology,a Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center,b Department of Pharmacology,c and Department of Computer Science,d University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Genome Sciencese and Department of Pharmacology and HHMI,f University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Defining the full complement of substrates for each ubiquitin ligase remains an important challenge. Improvements in mass spectrometry instrumentation and computation and in protein biochemistry methods have resulted in several new methods for ubiquitin ligase substrate identification. Here we used the parallel adapter capture (PAC) proteomics approach to study TrCP2/FBXW11, a substrate adaptor for the SKP1–CUL1–F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The processivity of the ubiquitylation reaction necessitates transient physical interactions between FBXW11 and its substrates, thus making biochemi- cal purification of FBXW11-bound substrates difficult. Using the PAC-based approach, we inhibited the proteasome to “trap” ubiquitylated substrates on the SCFFBXW11 E3 complex. Comparative mass spectrometry analysis of immunopurified FBXW11 protein complexes before and after proteasome inhibition revealed 21 known and 23 putatively novel substrates. In focused studies, we found that SCFFBXW11 bound, polyubiquitylated, and destabilized RAPGEF2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates the small GTPase RAP1. -
Effects of Rapamycin on Social Interaction Deficits and Gene
Kotajima-Murakami et al. Molecular Brain (2019) 12:3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-018-0423-2 RESEARCH Open Access Effects of rapamycin on social interaction deficits and gene expression in mice exposed to valproic acid in utero Hiroko Kotajima-Murakami1,2, Toshiyuki Kobayashi3, Hirofumi Kashii1,4, Atsushi Sato1,5, Yoko Hagino1, Miho Tanaka1,6, Yasumasa Nishito7, Yukio Takamatsu7, Shigeo Uchino1,2 and Kazutaka Ikeda1* Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. The overactivation of mTOR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin improved social interaction deficits in mouse models of TSC. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) increases the incidence of ASD. Rodent pups that are exposed to VPA in utero have been used as an animal model of ASD. Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway was recently observed in rodents that were exposed to VPA in utero, and rapamycin ameliorated social interaction deficits. The present study investigated the effect of rapamycin on social interaction deficits in both adolescence and adulthood, and gene expressions in mice that were exposed to VPA in utero. We subcutaneously injected 600 mg/kg VPA in pregnant mice on gestational day 12.5 and used the pups as a model of ASD. The pups were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin or an equal volume of vehicle once daily for 2 consecutive days. The social interaction test was conducted in the offspring after the last rapamycin administration at 5–6 weeks of ages (adolescence) or 10–11 weeks of age (adulthood). -
Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats
Control of Intestinal Protozoa 6 in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition – February 2018 1 ESCCAP Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ, United Kingdom First Edition Published by ESCCAP in August 2011 Second Edition Published in February 2018 © ESCCAP 2018 All rights reserved This publication is made available subject to the condition that any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise is with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. This publication may only be distributed in the covers in which it is first published unless with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-907259-53-1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 1: CONSIDERATION OF PET HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS 5 2: LIFELONG CONTROL OF MAJOR INTESTINAL PROTOZOA 6 2.1 Giardia duodenalis 6 2.2 Feline Tritrichomonas foetus (syn. T. blagburni) 8 2.3 Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora) spp. 9 2.4 Cryptosporidium spp. 11 2.5 Toxoplasma gondii 12 2.6 Neospora caninum 14 2.7 Hammondia spp. 16 2.8 Sarcocystis spp. 17 3: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF PARASITE TRANSMISSION 18 4: OWNER CONSIDERATIONS IN PREVENTING ZOONOTIC DISEASES 19 5: STAFF, PET OWNER AND COMMUNITY EDUCATION 19 APPENDIX 1 – BACKGROUND 20 APPENDIX 2 – GLOSSARY 21 FIGURES Figure 1: Toxoplasma gondii life cycle 12 Figure 2: Neospora caninum life cycle 14 TABLES Table 1: Characteristics of apicomplexan oocysts found in the faeces of dogs and cats 10 Control of Intestinal Protozoa 6 in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition – February 2018 3 INTRODUCTION A wide range of intestinal protozoa commonly infect dogs and cats throughout Europe; with a few exceptions there seem to be no limitations in geographical distribution. -
SAMHD1 and the Innate Immune Response to Cytosolic DNA During
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect SAMHD1 and the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA during DNA replication Flavie Coquel, Christoph Neumayer, Yea-Lih Lin and Philippe Pasero Cytosolic DNA of endogenous or exogenous origin is sensed by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in a sequence-indepen- the cGAS-STING pathway to activate innate immune dent manner and produces cyclic-GMP-AMP. This sec- responses. Besides microbial DNA, this pathway detects self- ond messenger binds STING and induces TBK1 activa- DNA in the cytoplasm of damaged or abnormal cells and plays tion, IRF3 phosphorylation and induction of type I IFNs a central role in antitumor immunity. The mechanism by which and other cytokine genes [1,2]. cytosolic DNA accumulates under genotoxic stress conditions is currently unclear, but recent studies on factors mutated in the Besides pathogens, the innate immune system also Aicardi-Goutie` res syndrome cells, such as SAMHD1, RNase responds to tissue damage by sensing damage-associated H2 and TREX1, are shedding new light on this key process. In molecular patterns, including cytosolic DNA of endoge- particular, these studies indicate that the rupture of micronuclei nous origin. The cGAS-STING pathway is activated by and the release of ssDNA fragments during the processing of cytosolic DNA accumulating after ionizing radiation [3] stalled replication forks and chromosome breaks represent or exposure to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents potent inducers of the cGAS-STING pathway. targeting DNA replication forks [4–6]. -
No Association Between Current Depression and Latent Toxoplasmosis in Adults
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS Folia Parasitologica 2016, 63: 032 doi: 10.14411/fp.2016.032 http://folia.paru.cas.cz Research Article No association between current depression and latent toxoplasmosis in adults Shawn D. Gale1,2, Andrew N. Berrett1, Bruce Brown1, Lance D. Erickson3 and Dawson W. Hedges1,2 1 Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; 2 The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; 3 Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA Abstract: Changes in behaviour and cognition have been associated with latent infection from the apicomplexan protozoan Toxoplas- ma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) in both animal and human studies. Further, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia have also been associated with latent toxoplasmosis. Previously, we found no association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G anti- body (IgG) seropositivity and depression in human adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years (n = 1 846) in a sample representative of the United States collected by the Centers for Disease Control as part of a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from three datasets collected between 1999–2004. In the present study, we used NHANES data collected between 2009 and 2012 that included subjects aged 20 to 80 years (n = 5 487) and used the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to assess depres- sion with the overall aim of testing the stability of the results of the prior study. In the current study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was 13%. The percentage of subjects reporting clinical levels of depression assessed with the PHQ-9 was 8%. -
SAMHD1 Is Recurrently Mutated in T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
SAMHD1 is recurrently mutated in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia Patricia Johansson, University of Duisburg-Essen Ludger Klein-Hitpass, University of Duisburg-Essen Axel Choidas, Lead Discovery Center GmbH Peter Habenberger, Lead Discovery Center GmbH Bijan Mahboubi, Emory University Baek Kim, Emory University Anke Bergmann, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Rene Scholtysik, University of Duisburg-Essen Martina Brauser, University of Duisburg-Essen Anna Lollies, University of Duisburg-Essen Only first 10 authors above; see publication for full author list. Journal Title: Blood Cancer Journal Volume: Volume 8, Number 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | 2018-01-19, Pages 11-11 Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF Publisher DOI: 10.1038/s41408-017-0036-5 Permanent URL: https://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/s8785 Final published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41408-017-0036-5 Copyright information: © 2018 The Author(s). This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Accessed September 29, 2021 6:39 AM EDT Johansson et al. Blood Cancer Journal (2018) 8:11 DOI 10.1038/s41408-017-0036-5 Blood Cancer Journal ARTICLE Open Access SAMHD1 is recurrently mutated in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia Patricia Johansson1,2, Ludger Klein-Hitpass2,AxelChoidas3, Peter Habenberger3, Bijan Mahboubi4,BaekKim4, Anke Bergmann5,RenéScholtysik2, Martina Brauser2, Anna Lollies2,ReinerSiebert5,6, Thorsten Zenz7,8, Ulrich Dührsen1, Ralf Küppers2,8 and Jan Dürig1,8 Abstract T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive malignancy with a median survival of the patients of less than two years. -
Sero Burden of Toxoplasma Gondii and Associated Risk Factors Among HIV Infected Persons in Armed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
iseas al D es ic & p P u ro b T l f i c o l H a e Journal of Tropical Diseases and Public a n r l t u h o J ISSN: 2329-891X Health Research Article Sero Burden of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among HIV Infected Persons in Armed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Fewzia Mohammed1,2*, Mulusew Alemneh Sinishaw3,4, Negash Nurahmed1, Shemsu Kedir Juhar1, Kassu Desta5 1Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Armed forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Clinical Chemistry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 4Clinical Chemistry Department, Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 5School of Allied Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ABSTRACT Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, worldwide distribution caused by an obligate intracellular coccidian parasite, known as Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii can lead to serious diseases in immuno-compromised patients such as HIV/AIDS patients. In most cases, central nervous system involvement can lead to encephalitis, which is one of the most important reasons for death among patients with HIV due to reactivation of tissue cysts that remained latent after the primary infection. This study was conducted to assess the sero burden of Toxoplasma gondii infection and identify associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals in Armed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2016. After getting an informed consent a pretested questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic information and data on factors predisposing to T.