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Update of Diagnoses, Information on Distribution, Species, and Key for Identification of Laetacara Species (Teleostei, Cichlidae, Cichlasomatini)

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Update of Diagnoses, Information on Distribution, Species, and Key for Identification of Laetacara Species (Teleostei, Cichlidae, Cichlasomatini) 68 (1): 47– 63 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018. 19.4.2018 Update of diagnoses, information on distribution, species, and key for identification of Laetacara species (Teleostei, Cichlidae, Cichlasomatini) Felipe P. Ottoni 1, 2, 3 1 Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21994-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil — 2 Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação. Av. dos Portugueses 1966, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, CEP 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Bra- sil — 3 Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, Centro de Ciên- cias Agrárias e Ambientais – Campus Universitário CCAA, MA-222, KM 04, S/N, Boa Vista, CEP 65500-000, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil; [email protected] Accepted 30.xii.2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on 5.4.2018. Editor in charge: Axel Zarske Abstract The diagnoses of Laetacara species is updated herein based on either character states outlined in their original descriptions, redescriptions, or found in examined material (both type and non-type material) and additional observed data. Information on distribution of Laetacara species is herein updated. A key for species identification including all known species ofLaetacara is provided. New information about the species of the genus is provided, based on examined material and compilation from literature. Resumo As diagnoses das espécies de Laetacara são atualizadas no presente trabalho, com base em estados de caracteres levantados à partir de suas descrições originais, redescrições, material examinado (tanto material tipo quanto não tipo) e dados adicionais observados. Informações sobre a distribuição das espécies de Laetacara são aqui atualizadas. Uma chave de identificação incluindo todas as espécies conhecidas de Laetacara é aqui apresentada. Novas informações sobre as espécies do gênero são aqui disponibilizadas, baseadas tanto em material examindado, como em compilação à partir da literatura. Key words Acanthomorpha, Amazonas river basin, Cichlinae, Ichthyology, Ovalentaria, Pantanal, Taxonomy. Introduction Cichlidae is the most species-rich non-Ostariophysy- Cichlinae (SMITH et al., 2008). Cich linae, comprising the an freshwater fish family, including more than 1,700 Neotropical taxa, currently in clud ing about 570 valid spe- valid species (KULLANDER, 2003; OTTONI & MATTOS, cies (ESCHMEYER & FONG, 2018), is divided into seven tri- 2015; NELSON et al., 2016; ESCHMEYER & FONG, 2018). bus: Cichlini, Retro cu lini, Astro notini, Chaetobranchini, The family is distributed within freshwater systems of Geophagini, Chi cla so ma tini and Heroini (SMITH et al., Africa, Americas, and Asia (KULLANDER, 1998, 2003). 2008). Currently, Cichlidae is divided into four subfamilies: Laetacara KULLANDER, 1986 has been described Etroplinae, Ptychochrominae, Pseudo cre ni la bri nae and as a South American cichlid genus, member of the tri- ISSN 1864-5755 47 Ottoni, F.P.: Update of diagnoses, information on distribution, species, and key for identification of Laetacara species bus Cichlasomatini (SMITH et al., 2008), including the species have been described during the last decades, and Aequidens dorsiger group sensu KULLANDER (1983), b) additional data have been collected for all species of which comprised: Aequidens curviceps (AHL, 1924), the genus. The final scope of this paper is to present an A. dor siger (HECKEL, 1840), A. flavilabris (COPE, 1870), and update of the comprehensive dichotomous key of OTTONI A. thayeri (STEINDACHNER, 1875). This genus would be et al. (2009) for identification of all yet known species of distributed within the Amazonas river basin, including Laetacara based on the new observational data set. the Araguaia, Madeira, Xingú, Tocantins, Tapajós, Rio Negro, Napo, Putumayo, Yavarí, Tigre, Ucayali, Yavarí, Juruá and Solimões river drainages, but also occurring in the coastal river basins of the northern edge of the Material and methods Guiana Shield besides the Paraná-Paraguay-Uruguay river system (KULLANDER, 1986, 2003; SCHINDLER, 1991; RÖMER, 1992, 1994; STAECK & SCHINDLER, 2007; OTTONI Material & COSTA, 2009; OTTONI et al., 2009, 2012; LANÉS et al., 2010). Material is deposited in the following institutions: ANSP, KULLANDER (1986) provided redescriptions for Lae­ Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; IEPA, tacara flavilabris, then designed as the type species of Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do the genus, and L. thayeri. However, his morphological Estado do Amapá, Macapá; MCP, Museu de Ciências e data were based mainly on material from the upper tribu- Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio taries of the Amazonas river basin of Peru, and did nei- Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; MNRJ, Museu Nacional, ther present formal and explicit diagnoses for these spe- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro; cies, nor a key for species identification of the genus. He MTD F, Museum für Tierkunde Dresden Fish Collection, just briefly distinguished both species from each other in Dresden; MZUSP, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de a section called “notes”, however did not compare them São Paulo, São Paulo; NMW, Naturhistorisches Museum with the other congeners. Wien, Viena; UFRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade About two decades later, Laetacara fulvipinnis STAECK Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro; and ZMB, & SCHINDLER, 2007 was described based on six speci- Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Additional comparative mens collected in the upper Rio Negro, Casiquiare and material is listed in OTTONI (2015) and OTTONI & MATTOS Orinoco river basins (STAECK & SCHINDLER, 2007). This (2015). species had been well known for some decades before its description from aquarium publications (see PRICK, 1978; KOSLOWSKI, 1985; SCHINDLER, 1991; RÖMER, 1992, Morphological data 1994; LINKE & STAECK, 1994; STAECK, 2003). Just after the formal description of L. fulvipinnis, OTTONI & COSTA Morphological data and species distribution information (2009) re-described L. dorsigera based on Brazilian ma- were taken either from published papers (including origi- terial, as well as described L. araguaiae OTTONI & COSTA, nal descriptions, re-descriptions, and other reliable publi- 2009 from the Verde river drainage, part of the Araguaia cations), or from examined material, containing type ma- river drainage, southern Amazonas river basin, Central terial, museum material and recently collected specimens. Brazil. In the same year, OTTONI et al. (2009) re-described Morphological data were obtained from both pre- L. curviceps based on both type material and specimens served and live specimens. Specimens were fixed in recently collected in the lower Amazonas river ba- formalin 10% for a period of 15 days, and then trans- sin. More recently, L. flamannellus OTTONI, BRAGANÇA, ferred to 70 % ethanol. The recent collected specimens AMORIM & GAMA, 2012 was described based on several (since 2012) were euthanized in tricain mesylate (TMS), specimens from different coastal river basins of northern used for anesthesia, sedation, or euthanasia of fish. This Brazil (OTTONI et al., 2012). euthanasia method is recommended by the “American The aim of this paper is to update the diagnoses of the Veterinary Medical Association” (LEARY et al., 2013) valid species of Laetacara based on character states out- and “European Commission DGXI” (CLOSE et al., 1996; lined in their original descriptions, re-descriptions, (re-) 1997). Information on life colour patterns was obtained examination of voucher specimens (both type and non- both on direct observations of live specimens during field type) and inclusion of additional observational data. For- works, and photographs of live specimens. Information mal and explicit diagnoses were never proposed for both on life colouration of Laetacara species is based on pho- L. flavilabris and L. thayeri. Difference between species tographs of: a) L. araguaiae: 88 live specimens, and all and some main characteres were just briefly cited in some specimens collected by the author; b) L. curviceps: seven sections of their original descriptions and redescriptions, live specimens, and all specimens collected by the author; not explicitly comparing them with all the valid conge- c) L. dorsigera: 13 live specimens, and all specimens ners. What make a proposition of formal and explicit di- collected by the author; d) L. flamannellus: seven speci- agnoses for these species suitable for a better taxonomic mens, and all the specimens from the lots UFRJ 8060, understanding of the genus. In addition, the diagnoses UFRJ 8005, UFRJ 8010, UFRJ 8038; e) L. flavilabris: of the other congeners have to be updated since a) new eight specimens; f) L. fulvipinnis: five specimens; and g) 48 VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY — 68 (1) 2018 L. thayeri: 14 specimens, and all specimens collected by the author. Measurements and counts were made according to OTTONI et al. (2011), OTTONI et al. (2012) and OTTONI & MATTOS (2015). The smaller ray that occurs at the extrem- ities of the dorsal, anal and pectoral fins may eventually be connected to the anterior ray. However, it is counted as a separate element. Some measurements and counts provided by OTTONI et al. (2011) were erroneously and poorly defined, being herein redefined: A Measurements: (1) standard length - from the upper jaw symphysis to posterior
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