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Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project, King County, Washington

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Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project, King County, Washington CULTURAL RESOURCES OVERVIEW FOR THE 700 DEXTER PROJECT, KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON JANUARY 23, 2018 PREPARED FOR EA Engineering, Science and Technology, Inc. PREPARED BY SWCA Environmental Consultants CULTURAL RESOURCES OVERVIEW FOR THE 700 DEXTER PROJECT KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON Prepared for EA Engineering, Science and Technology, Inc. Prepared by Amber Earley SWCA Environmental Consultants 221 1st Ave W, Suite 205 Seattle, WA 98119 (206) 781-1909 www.swca.com SWCA Project No. 42255 SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 18-51 January 23, 2018 Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project ABSTRACT SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) was retained by EA Engineering, Science and Technology to conduct a review of a parcel slated for development in the South Lake Union area north of downtown Seattle. The project is within the Government Meander Line and is subject to the City of Seattle Director’s Rule 2-98. SWCA carried out background research to identify previous cultural resources investigations and known archaeological sites within the project vicinity by reviewing historic maps and published historic, ethnographic, and environmental information. Background research indicates the project area has moderate to high potential for cultural resources to be present, and archaeological monitoring during construction is recommended. i Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project ii Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project CONTENTS Introduction....................................................................................................................................1 Project Description and Location...............................................................................................1 Regulatory Context ....................................................................................................................1 Methods...........................................................................................................................................3 Natural Environment.....................................................................................................................3 Geology and Geomorphology....................................................................................................4 Paleoenvironment ......................................................................................................................5 Vegetation..................................................................................................................................5 Fauna..........................................................................................................................................7 Cultural Environment ...................................................................................................................7 Pre-contact History ....................................................................................................................7 Ethnography Ethnology .............................................................................................................8 European American History ....................................................................................................10 Historic Land Use ....................................................................................................................14 Previous Archaeological Research ...............................................................................................1 Archaeological Potential for Project Area...................................................................................7 Recommendations..........................................................................................................................8 References Cited.............................................................................................................................9 iii Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project Figures Figure 1. Project location...............................................................................................................2 Figure 2. Map showing historic and modern elevations of the project parcel...............................6 Figure 3. General Land Office map showing project area and nearby homes. Note the road leading from the lake to Elliott Bay. ............................................................................11 Figure 4. Historical map, 1874, showing the project area, the Denny and Mercer residences, and the Lake Union shoreline. ...................................................................12 Figure 5. Bird’s Eye, 1891, map showing project area and the Western Mill Company railroad trestle...............................................................................................................15 Figure 6. Sanborn Fire Insurance (Sanborn) map, 1893, showing project area and buildings.” ....................................................................................................................16 Figure 7. Sanborn map, 1905, showing project area and buildings.............................................17 Figure 8. Baist Atlas, 1912, showing project area and the changing lake shoreline. ....................1 Figure 9. The historic municipal dump near the corner of 8th and Aloha, the Aloha Street Substation at Aloha and Dexter in the immediate background (Courtesy Museum of History and Industry). .................................................................................1 Figure 10. Sanborn map, 1917, map showing project area and buildings.......................................2 Figure 11. Sanborn map, 1950, map showing project area and buildings.......................................3 Tables Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Investigations Within Approximately 0.5 Mile of the Project Area..............................................................................................................4 Table 2. Previously Recorded Sites Within Approximately 1 Mile of the Project Area..............5 Table 3. Previously Recorded Buildings Within and Adjacent to the Project Area.....................7 iv Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project INTRODUCTION Biomed Realty is planning to construct a two-tower office building at 700 Dexter Avenue in the South Lake Union neighborhood south of downtown Seattle. The proposed project is within the area designated by the City of Seattle as the Government Meander Line buffer, making the project subject to the City of Seattle Director’s Rule 2-98, designed to elaborate on the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) and provide guidance for identification, protection, and treatment of archaeological sites on the city’s shorelines. SWCA was retained by EA Engineering, Science and Technology (EA) to conduct research regarding the probable presence of archaeologically significant sites or resources, and to recommend potential mitigation for impacts to the resources. Project Description and Location The project is in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle in Section 30, Township 25 North, Range 4 East, Willamette Meridian (Figure 1). The project area consists of the entire 59,818-square-foot block bounded on the west by Dexter Avenue N, on the south by Roy Street, on the east by 8th Avenue N, and on the north by Valley Street (King County Parcel No. 224900- 0285). The parcel is currently vacant but recently housed an industrial dry cleaning operation, a parking garage, and an auto repair shop. The proposed project includes construction of a 175-foot-tall, two-tower office building with 13 to 14 stories of office space, ground-level retail, and three levels of below-grade parking for 520 vehicles. The towers would be connected by an open space with a level plaza. Regulatory Context The project is within the Government Meander Line, established in the late 1800s and approximating historical shorelines. Because of its proximity to the Meander Line, the project is subject to the Seattle Department of Construction and Inspection (SCDI) Director’s Rule 2-98 (Chapter 25.05.675 H, SMC). The rule elaborates on SEPA historic preservation policy (RCW 43.21C) and provides guidance for the identification, protection, and treatment of archaeological sites on the city’s shorelines. As noted in the rule, many of Seattle’s existing and former shoreline areas may be sites of potential archaeological significance due to settlement patterns of Native Americans and early European Americans. Archaeological sites and their resources may be directly or indirectly threatened by development or redevelopment projects, and the SEPA policy provides the opportunity for analysis of those sites. SEPA and its implementing rules require project proponents to identify any places or objects on or adjacent to the project that are listed in, or eligible for, national, state, or local preservation registers, and to identify sites of archaeological, scientific, or cultural importance on or adjacent to the project. Project proponents are required to describe proposed measures to reduce or control impacts to those places, objects, and sites. The Director’s Rule 2-98 requires applicants for projects within 200 feet of the Government Meander Line to conduct research regarding the 1 Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project Figure 1. Project location. 2 Cultural Resources Overview for the 700 Dexter Project probable presence on the site of archaeologically significant sites or resources and to identify potential
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