Prince Edward Island Municipalities
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RURAL PLANNING AND COMMUNlTY DEVELOPMENT IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Samantha J. Murphy Subrnitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban and Rural Planning Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia April 200 1 O Copyright by Samantha J. Murphy, 2001 National Libmy Bibliothèque nationale me1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 WeHington Street 395, nre Wellington Onawa ON KiA ON4 OttawaON K1AW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence aliowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni Ia thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Dedication Paee To my parents, for introducing me to both sides of the question, and to Matt, for getting me through this. Table of Contents List of Illustrations and Tables .................................................................. vii... Abstmct ....................................................................................................... ~111 List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used ................................................... ix Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... x Chapter 1 .Introduction ............................................................................. I 1.1 Purpose of Study .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Terms and Concepts Used ................................................................................. 4 Endnotes ......................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 .The Prince Edward Island Context ....................................... 7 2.1 Provincial Profile.................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Major characteristics ........................................................................................ 7 2.2.2 History of programs and funding .................................................................... 12 2.2 PEI Comprehensive Development Plan ............................................................. 13 2.2.1 The development of the Comprehensive Development Plan (1970-1985) ...... 13 2.2.2 The Plan. the planners. and community development ..................................... 15 2.2.3 The legacy of the Comprehensive Develupment Plan ..................................... 16 2.2.4 PEI post-Plan - the Island today .................................................................... 16 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 3 O The Practice of Rural Planning ............................................ 19 3.1 Rural Planning - Theory and Pnctice., ............................................................ 19 3.1.1 Rural planning described ................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 Goals and objectives of rural planning ........................................................... 20 3.1.3 The rural planning process ............................................................................ 22 3.2 New Models for Community-Based Rural Planning ....... ................................. 25 3.2.1 The need for new models ................................................................................. 25 3.2.2 Using rhe models ............................................................................................ 25 3.2.3 Stepping Forward kif (Rural and Small Town Programme. Mount Allison) .. 25 3.2.4 First Nations Community Pfanning Mode1 (Cities & Environment Unit. Dalhousie) ................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.5 Analysis of methodologies ............................................................................... 28 3.3 Rural Planning in Prince Edward Island........................................................... 32 3.3.1 Statutory conditions for planning in PEI ........................................................ 32 3.3.2 Role of Province ............................................................................................ 33 3.3.3 Local governance ......................................................................................... 34 3.3.4 Creuting Oficial Plans Rr By-Laws............................................................ 36 3.3.5 Unincorporated areus in Prince Edward Island ........................................... 38 3.3.6 Major issues / challenges for rural planning in PEI ....................................... 38 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 4 .The Practice of Community Development ........................... 45 4.1 Community Development - Theory and Practice ............................................. 45 4.1.1 Community developmenf and regional inequality in Canada ......................... 45 4.1.2 Public policy and regional developrnenf......................................................... 48 4.1.3 Community -6ased action................................................................................. 50 4.1.4 Local developmcnt organizations.................................................................... 53 4.2 The Prince Edward Island Community Development Bureau ........................ 58 4.2.1 Mandate for the PEI Community Development Bureau .................................. 58 4.22 Steps in the community development process ............................................... 61 4.2.3 Role of the Community Developmenf Oficer (& Government) ...................... 64 4.24 Challenges for the CDB ............................................................................... 64 4.2.5 Results ............................................................................................................. 66 Endnotes .......................................................................................................................70 Chapter 5 - Linking Planning and Community Development .mm.....mmm....74 5.1 Comparing the two processes .............................................................................. 74 5.1.1 Similarities between the CDB process and PEI planning practices ............... 74 5.1.2 Similarities between the CDB process and fhe two models ............................ 75 5.1.3 The relutionship betwcen comrnunity devefopment and planning in PEI ....... 78 5.2 Impediments to a linked pmess.......,..........o.................................o............... .. 79 5.2.1 Communication betwcen the two existing processes ....................................... 79 5.2.2 Attitudes and history.. ..................................................................................... 80 5.2.3 Departmental oreas of jurisdiction ................................................................ 81 5.2.4 Local governance system ............................................................................... 81 5.3 Consequences of Existing Conditions - Arguments for Change ..................... 83 5.3.1 Duplication by different orgunizations .......................................................... 83 5.3.2 Incomplete processes .protecting the process ............................................... 84 5.3.3 Potential for conjlict / contradicting goals .................................................... 86 5.4 Recommendations ................................................................................................ 86 5.4.1 Connecting the processes - Enhanced communication .................................. 86 5.4.2 Consideration of Joint Oficial Plans ............................................................ 86 5.4.3 Status of the Comrnunity Development Bureau .............................................. 87 5.4.4 Status of provincial p fanning ......................................................................... 87 5.4.5 Local governance in Prince Edward Island ................................................ 88 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 6 - Conclusion mommmmmmoommoo~mmmmommommmmmmommoommmmmmoooooommm91 6.1 Implications of Study ........................................................................................... 91 6.1. I Overview of /Nidings........................................................................................ 91 6.1.2 Lessons for Prince Edward Island ............................................................... 91 6.1.3 Summary of recommendations .......................................................................