Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Monday, September 7, 1998 Volume 34—Number 36 Pages 1667–1730

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Addresses and Remarks Communications to Congress—Continued Ireland Iraq, letter reporting on compliance with Community leaders, reception in Dublin— United Nations Security Council 1723 resolutions—1710 Gateway, Inc., employees in Santry—1724 Patients’ Bill of Rights, letter to Senate Swissair Flight 111, remarks in Dublin— majority leader—1684 1723 Interviews With the News Media Northern Ireland Assembly in Belfast—1705 Exchange with reporters in Dublin, Ireland— Gathering for Peace in Armagh—1717 1720 Groundbreaking ceremony for Springvale News conference with President Yeltsin of Educational Village in Belfast—1707 Russia in Moscow, September 2 (No. Victims of bombing in Omagh—1709 163)—1686 Radio address—1667 Joint Statements Russia Russia-U.S. agreement for promotion of Duma and regional leaders, meeting in aviation safety—1701 Moscow—1703 Russia-U.S. joint statements First day of school festivities in Moscow— Common security challenges at the 1677 threshold of the twenty-first century— Future Russian leaders in Moscow—1678 1696 Virginia, roundtable discussion on education Exchange of information on missile in Herndon—1668, 1670 launches and early warning—1694 Protocol to the Convention on the Communications to Congress Prohibition of Biological Weapons—1693 Guatemala-U.S. treaty on stolen vehicles and Situation in Kosovo—1693 aircraft, message transmitting with Trade, investment, technological, and non- documentation—1676 governmental cooperation—1694

(Continued on the inside of the back cover.)

Editor’s Note: The President was in Dublin, Ireland, on September 4, the closing date of this issue. Releases and announcements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary but not received in time for inclusion in this issue will be printed next week.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.

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Joint Statements—Continued Meetings With Foreign Leaders—Continued Russia-U.S. memoranda of understanding Russia Cooperation in the field of civil aircraft Duma leaders—1703 accident/incident investigation and President Yeltsin—1686, 1693, 1694, 1696, prevention—1698 1698, 1700, 1701 Principles of cooperation in the fields of United Kingdom culture, the humanities, the social Prime Minister Blair—1709, 1717 Secretary of State for Northern Ireland sciences, education, and the mass Mowlam—1709 media—1700 Statements by the President Letters and Messages Harold Ickes’ 1996 campaign financing Labor Day, 1998, message—1727 activities—1683 Northern Ireland peace process—1683, 1710 Meetings With Foreign Leaders Northwest Airlines pilots strike—1676 Ireland Senate action on appropriations legislation— Deputy Prime Minister Harney—1724 1683 Minister for Transportation, Energy, and Swissair Flight 111 crash—1710 Tourism O’Rourke—1724 Supplementary Materials Prime Minister Ahern—1720, 1724 Acts approved by the President—1730 Northern Ireland Checklist of White House press releases— Assembly Deputy First Minister Mallon— 1730 1705, 1717 Digest of other White House Assembly First Minister Trimble—1705, announcements—1728 1717 Nominations submitted to the Senate—1729

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The President’s Radio Address like cost-cutting accountants, not care-giving August 29, 1998 doctors. That’s why I’ve worked so hard to pass a Good morning. I’m speaking to you today Patients’ Bill of Rights, available to all Ameri- from the Edgartown Elementary School in cans in all plans—a Patients’ Bill of Rights Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. I’d like to that would say medical decisions should be talk to you about how we can put progress made by doctors, not accountants; emer- over partisanship in efforts to expand access gency room procedures should be made to quality health care for every American. available whenever and wherever they’re Years from now, when we look back on needed; no one should be denied access to the greatest accomplishments of this century, a specialist when it’s needed; no one should miraculous advances in medical care surely be forced to change doctors in the middle will be at the top of the list. But for all the of treatment just because an employer successes of medicine, for all the wonders changes medical plans; there ought to be an of its quality, parts of our rapidly changing appeal of a medical decision made by an ac- medical system that deal with access to medi- countant all the way up the chain in the com- cal care are in desperate need of repair. pany, quickly, until it gets to a doctor; people Like many of you, I’ve been appalled by who are hurt ought to have redress; and med- tragic and repeated stories of men and ical records should be kept private. women fighting for their lives and, at the We’ve worked very hard to make these same time, forced to fight insurance compa- protections available to everyone we could. nies focused not on getting them the medical We’ve extended the protections of a Patients’ care they need but on cutting costs even if Bill of Rights to 85 million Americans who it denies that medical care. get their health care through Federal plans, Recently, I met Mary Kuhl, the wife of Medicare, Medicaid, the Federal Employee a 45-year-old man who died after his insur- Plan, the Veterans’ Administration. Today ance company canceled his emergency heart we’ll take executive action once again. surgery, against his doctor’s urgent warnings. More than 120 million Americans are in I met Mick Fleming, whose sister died of workplace health plans that are protected breast and lung cancer after she was unfairly under Federal law. The Secretary of Labor denied the treatment her doctor rec- has now been instructed to ensure that all ommended, treatment for which she was eli- these people can quickly appeal, through an gible and desperately needed. These stories internal review process, any coverage deci- and these practices are callous and unaccept- sion that denies the care their doctors said able. We must do everything in our power was needed and appropriate. That means 120 to give our families greater protection at this million more people will no longer have to time of great change in medical science. take an HMO accountant’s ‘‘no’’ for an an- These things happen when, against doc- swer. This will bring a lot greater peace of tors’ recommendations, managed care plans mind. deny procedures or treatment. Now, nobody In many of these stories we hear about, wants to waste money, and the managed care the HMO actually, ultimately, approves the movement has done a lot of good in slowing treatment the doctor recommended but only down unnecessary inflation. But none of us after it goes through layer after layer after wants to see medical decisions affecting our layer of appeal. And sometimes there’s no families made by insurance company em- appeal at all. What we’re doing today is trying ployees who are trained and paid to think to give quick and prompt appeals through

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an internal review process to the insurance Thanks for listening. companies and plans that are within our ju- risdiction. It will help 120 million Americans, NOTE: The President spoke at 10:06 a.m. from but it’s not enough. It is simply not enough. the Edgartown Elementary School on Martha’s Vineyard, MA. We do not have the authority to extend all the critical patients’ rights protections I mentioned to all the American people, and Opening Remarks at a Roundtable we won’t have it until Congress acts. That’s Discussion on Education in why I’ve worked since last November with Herndon, Virginia doctors, nurses, consumers, lawmakers of August 31, 1998 both parties to get a strong, enforceable, and bipartisan bill of rights—again, one that says Thank you. First of all, let me thank all you have the right to emergency room care of you for that warm welcome, and Michele whenever and wherever you need it; the right Freeman, thank you for welcoming me to to see that medical decisions are made by Herndon Elementary School. All of you medical doctors, not insurance company ac- know, better than I, that this is the beginning countants; the right to know you can’t be of a new school year where parents and chil- forced to switch doctors abruptly; the right dren are meeting their teachers for the first to see a specialist when you need it; the right time, and there is excitement and anticipa- to hold your health care plan accountable if tion of what everyone hopes will be a very it causes harm; and the right to privacy in successful year for the children, and insofar medical records. as it is, it’s a good year for America. These protections could have spared the I have done everything I knew to do for Kuhls, the Flemings, and large numbers of the last 6 years to try to focus the attention other families across our country needless of the American people on the whole ques- tragedies. They are protections all Americans tion of education, because I think it is one deserve. Unfortunately, not a single one of of the big questions which will determine the these vital protections is assured in the Re- shape of our children’s future and the world publican leadership bills now in the House in the 21st century. and Senate. Both leave millions and millions If you think about the other major chal- of Americans without any protections at all. lenges we face as Americans—reforming So- The Republican leadership of both Houses cial Security and Medicare so that we baby has not allowed full and open debate on the boomers don’t bankrupt the country when issue. The Senate hasn’t even held a single we retire—[laughter]—providing quality af- vote. fordable health care for all of our people, But remember, this is not a partisan issue. proving we can preserve and improve the en- Nobody asks your party affiliation when you vironment and grow the economy, building visit your doctor. No one wants to see unfeel- one America across all the racial and religious ing practices by insurance companies add to and other lines that separate us, something the pain of injury and disease. So when the I’ve been very involved in, in the last several Senate returns from recess next week, I urge weeks, as all of you know, trying to construct lawmakers of both parties to make patient a world free of terrorism and more full of protections their first order of business. peace and prosperity and security and free- Last year we worked together in a biparti- dom—every single one of those challenges san spirit to pass a balanced budget which depends upon our ability to have educated included historic Medicare reforms and the citizens, not just educated Presidents, not largest investment in children’s health in just educated Secretaries of Education but more than 30 years. This year Congress must citizens who can absorb complicated infor- act like that again. It must put progress ahead mation and all these things that are flying of partisanship and join me in giving Ameri- at them all the time and evaluate it and meas- cans a Patients’ Bill of Rights strong enough, ure it, who can develop reasoned principles, enforceable enough to make quality health passionate responses, to keep the idea of care every insurance company’s bottom line. America going into this new century.

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That’s why I wanted to come here today. What I want to do is to go there and tell Many of you know that I am leaving. When them that the easy thing to do is not the right I go back from you, I go back to Washington thing to do. The easy thing to do would be and then the First Lady and I are going to to try to go back to the way they did it before, Russia and then to Ireland with a team of and it’s not possible, but that if they will stay people to deal with the issues there, and I’d on the path of reform, to stabilize their soci- like to just say one word about it, because ety, and to strengthen their economy and to it’s my only real opportunity to talk with you get growth back, then I believe America and and through you, thanks to our friends in the the rest of the Western nations with strong press here, to the American people. Because economies should help them, and indeed this trip is an example of one of the most have an obligation to help them and that it’s important lessons every child needs to learn in our interest to help them. in America from a very early age. And that If you say, why, let me just give you a cou- is, we are living in a smaller and smaller ple of reasons. First of all, Russia and the world. United States still have the biggest nuclear This global economy, the global society, it arsenals in the world. And at a time when is real. Information, ideas, technology, India and Pakistan have tested nuclear weap- money, people, can travel around the world ons, we need to be moving the world away at speeds unheard of not very long ago. Our from nuclear war, not toward it. We have economies are increasingly interconnected. to have the cooperation and the partnership Our securities are increasingly inter- with the Russians to do that. connected. I’m sure all of you have followed We don’t want terrorists to get a hold of the events in the aftermath of the tragic weapons of mass destruction. A weakened bombing at our Embassies in Africa, and you Russia, a weakened Russian economy would know that there were far more Africans killed put enormous pressure on people, who have than Americans, even though America was those technologies and understandings, to the target. And you know that the person re- sell them. We don’t want that to happen. We sponsible did not belong to any government know we need Russia’s partnership to solve but had an independent terrorist network ca- problems in that part of the world. If it hadn’t pable of hitting people and countries all been for Russia’s partnership, we could not around the world. have ended the war in Bosnia, which all of So there’s been a lot of good. We’ve bene- you remember a couple of years ago was fited a lot from this global society of ours. threatening the entire stability of Europe. We have over 16 million new jobs in the last Next door, in Kosovo, there is a similar prob- 6 years, and we’re about to have our first lem today; we’ve got to have Russia’s partner- balanced budget surplus in 29 years. We have ship to solve that. So if Russia will stay on benefited from the world of the 21st century. the path of reform, I believe America and But we have a lot of responsibilities. And the the rest of the West must help them. reason I’m going to Russia is because we I’m also going to Ireland, which is the have learned the hard way that problems that homeland of over 40 million Americans. We develop beyond our borders sooner or later trace our ancestry there. And they’ve been find their way to our doorstep unless we help working a long time on a peace process in our friends and our neighbors to deal with which we’ve been intimately involved, and them as quickly and promptly as possible. I’m going to do my best to advance that. I Now, the Russian people are to be com- think we have a good chance to do so. But mended for embracing democracy and get- I want you to understand that I do these ting rid of the old Communist system. But things because I think they are in America’s they’re having some troubles today making interest. They’re not just the right things to the transition from communism to a free do, they’re not just nice things to have hap- market economy and from communism to a pen. democratic society that has supports for peo- But every child—you look around this ple who are in trouble. room and see how many children are here

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who come from different cultures them- because it’s very important. But the most im- selves, whose ancestors come from different portant thing, as the Secretary said, is what’s countries themselves. There is no nation in happening here. So I’d like to stop talking the world better positioned than the United and start listening now, and we’ll do the States to do well in the 21st century, because roundtable. And I think we should start with we’re a people from everywhere. If our val- Michele Freeman and let her talk about this ues—[applause]—thank you—if our values school and her experiences and her chal- and our ideals can spread around the world, lenges and what she’s doing about it. then we can create a peaceful, secure world. So that’s what I’m trying to do. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:40 a.m. in the But to get back to the main point, the ulti- gymnasium at Herndon Elementary School. In his remarks, he referred to Michele J. Freeman, prin- mate national security of any country rests cipal, Herndon Elementary School. in the strength of its own citizens. And for us, that means we have got to prove that no matter how diverse we are, we can still offer Remarks During a Roundtable a world-class education to every single Amer- Discussion on Education in Herndon ican child. August 31, 1998 I’m sure all of you know this, but virtually everyone in the world believes that America The President. Let me just say very brief- has the finest system of higher education any- ly before I move on, you probably know this where. We are flooded every year with stu- because you talked about how your school dents and graduate students coming from was growing. But I believe, Secretary Riley, every other country in the world to our col- I think it was last year was the first year that leges and universities because they think we actually had a school class from kinder- they’re the best in the world, and they have garten through high school bigger than the made us very strong. But we now know that baby boom generation. And this explosion of in the world we’re living in, it’s not enough children into our schools has created enor- just to educate half the people very well mous strains on school districts all across through university; you must educate 100 America. percent of the people very well in elementary I was in a school in Florida. I believe it and secondary schools. had 17 trailers outside. We know we’ve got a lot of challenges. Our Fairfax County Superintendent of kids come from different places. A lot of Schools Daniel A. Domenech. We have them have different cultures. They have dif- that beat, Mr. President. [Laughter] ferent learning patterns. They speak different The President. This was just one school, languages as their native language. A lot of not a school district, and it was amazing. But them are poor. A lot of them live in neighbor- there was an article in The Washington Post hoods that are difficult. And so this is a great and in other newspapers over the weekend challenge for us. But it is a worthy challenge. about the teacher shortage in America, and It’s a worthy challenge for a great country I’m very concerned about it. We have two to prove that we can take all this diversity, proposals: One is to put 35,000 teachers in not just racial and ethnic and religious diver- the most difficult and underserved areas in sity but diversity of life circumstance, and the country—it’s part of our budget—the still give every single child a shot at living other would put 100,000 teachers out there his or her dream. That is what this is all across the country in the first 3 grades, to about, and that’s why I’m here today. try to keep class size down below 20. And This is just as much a part of our national I think those things are very, very important. security as that trip I’m taking to Russia, and One of the things I’m hoping I can do is I want you to understand that I believe that. to persuade the Congress in the next month So when we finish the roundtable, I want to embrace the idea that we clearly have a to say a little about what we can do to help national obligation now to support what is and what’s going on in Congress and what a national phenomenon, the explosion of the will happen in Congress over the next month number of schoolchildren in our schools. So

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when you say what it did, it made me want best long-term results of any strategy. But to think about that. there is a reason for it. It’s very expensive, I’d like to go on now to JoAnn Shackelford, because it’s so labor intensive. And it’s some- because it seems to be a logical followup to thing that maybe Secretary Riley wants to what you said about the diversity of your stu- talk about this a little bit. dent body and teaching people to read and We’ve discussed before that whether the this Saturday Program, which I’m very inter- generalized assistance we give to school dis- ested in. It sounds to me like something ev- tricts for supportive programs like this, or the erybody ought to be doing. States, which then the school districts get, Ms. Shackelford. Thank you. First of all, should be more focused. And we’ve tried not I wanted to tell you, welcome to our school. to sort of pick and choose among the various We’re so excited you’re here. Miss Freeman reading strategies because of the limited is a hard act to follow, so I won’t try. But amount of money and the large number of I do have a few things to ask for. [Laughter] programs underway in the country. The President. Who picked this ques- But there’s no question that the Reading tioner? [Laughter] Recovery strategy, particularly when you’ve [At this point, Ms. Shackelford, a reading got a lot of young people whose first language specialist, expressed the faculty’s conviction is not English, have had, I believe, the best that students can learn to read by the third long-term results, but it’s because it’s so labor grade and described the Reading Recovery intensive and is quite expensive and it’s program, which involves additional teachers something we need to look at. working with the classroom teachers to help Dick, you want to say anything about this? children with special needs, and the Excel Saturday program, which consists of high [Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley school student and teacher volunteers tutor- agreed with the President and praised the ing elementary school children on Saturdays. Reading Recovery program’s contribution to Ms. Shackelford expressed the need for more national education goals.] funding to expand the programs’ outreach The President. Maybe we should go on and suggested scholarships for high school now to, since we’re talking about this subject, tutors.] to Maria Gorski, who is a parent liaison. And The President. I’d just like to make a cou- you talked about involving the parents, so talk ple of observations. First of all, I’ll think a little about that for us, Maria. about this high school scholarship thing. The only high school scholarships directly for [Maria Gorski, liaison to parents of Spanish- service, community service, we have are the speaking immigrant students, welcomed the ones that I announced at Penn State a couple President and expressed concern that many of years ago, where we give a modest scholar- parents have difficulty helping their children ship that’s matched in the local community with homework because of language barriers to one person for outstanding community and lack of time. She asked the President to service in high school. support the United Neighborhood program So we now have 1,000 colleges and univer- run by the Herndon Police Department, sities providing reading volunteers through which offers tutoring by volunteers in the the America Reads program to go into evenings.] schools to help young children learn to read, The President. Thank you. How many and most of them are work study students. parents volunteer in this school? Do you But a lot of them are not eligible for work know how many? study, and they just do it anyway. There may be something we can do on that, and I’ll think [Principal Michele J. Freeman said there are about it. about 500 volunteers in the course of a year. The other thing I’d say is that I’m a big In addition, there are volunteers who work fan of the Reading Recovery program. And from home and send in materials for use at if you look at the research, it has about the the school.]

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The President. What about the children that and worked hard for it ever since we’ve who have both parents work and maybe have been here, and I thank him. two jobs? How do you work out time for What about the teachers? It’s about time them to meet with the teachers and—— we heard—[inaudible]—— [Ms. Gorski noted such meetings usually [First grade teacher Martha Bell noted that occur on Saturdays, and she tries to com- teachers look at the challenges each individ- pensate for the parents’ schedules.] ual student brings to the classroom and, also, how to communicate with the parents. She The President. What about—how does stressed the need to convince middle and high the school work? What does the assistant school students that teaching is a rewarding principal do to make sure that there are no career and urged funding for those who can’t fires started and everybody sort of shows up afford to attend higher education.] more or less on time and all of that? [Laugh- ter] The President. What’s the most challeng- ing thing that new teachers face—first-year [Assistant Principal Jude Isaacson noted the teachers? staff’s dedication to educating and nurturing [Ms. Bell said it was a teacher’s first con- every child, its training in ‘‘discipline-with- ference with the parents, the development of dignity’’ strategies, and its efforts to get to a good rapport and the positive interaction know the students’ families through extra- with the parents.] curricular activities. She described the school’s counselors aiding in peer mediation The President. I could use her in any and conflict resolution and offering classes on number of positions—[laughter]—in the parenting skills. Ms. Isaacson noted the Federal Government. We’ve got an airplane school administration keeps a visible and strike in the Midwest I think you could set- proactive presence among the students; she tle—[laughter]—by tonight, and I’d appre- described a program that helps children set ciate it. and attain goals and a program called Principal Freeman. Mr. President, she’s ‘‘Adopt-a-Cop,’’ which involves local police taken. [Laughter] having lunch with students and discussing The President. But one of those parents safety awareness. She expressed pride in the who is sitting to your left, Mr. Lewis, you’re school staff and their interaction with the the PTA president. First of all, I know this community to foster discipline and safety.] is not what you are going to say, but what do you do when you’re not the PTA presi- The President. Last week, I went up to dent, and why did you decide to do this? Worcester, Massachusetts and released there this handbook that Secretary Riley and Attor- [E. Tracey Lewis commended the President ney General Reno did for all the schools on on his education policies. He told the Presi- trying to identify children that have problems dent he works with Bill Milliken in the Com- and trying to prevent things from happening munities in Schools program, the largest stay- before they go too far. But I tried to empha- in-school program in the Nation. Mr. Lewis size to them that the schools—still, schools stressed a citizen’s obligation to the commu- are basically the safest places in the country nity and likened the Herndon Elementary for our kids. But when something goes School PTA to the President’s theme of build- wrong, it can be terribly tragic. ing bridges to the 21st century. He noted the But I think it’s important that the Amer- PTA is about building a community context ican people know that most schools have peo- around the school and its students. He then ple like you in them and other people who outlined 10 guiding principles that direct the are really working hard to do their part to PTA’s decisionmaking.] help the children grow up in a safe, secure The President. I would just like to say environment so they can learn. And I know a couple of things and ask you one question. Secretary Riley—he mentioned the character First of all, I want to thank you for your work education program—he’s been promoting with the Cities in Schools program. I brought

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it to Arkansas with Bill Milliken probably 15 signals to help detect school violence before years ago, and that’s a long time ago. Sec- it takes place. He then commended the mem- ondly, I want to thank you for your work in bers of the roundtable for their participation the PTA and as a father who used to be an in the discussion.] active participant in all our school events, I think it’s a good thing to have men as well The President. Didn’t they do a great job? as women be present. And I think that’s [Applause] good. [At this point, Secretary Riley introduced the How many members does your PTA have? President.] How many parent members? Mr. Lewis. Last year, 47 percent of the The President. The way I was prepared parent population of Herndon Elementary for this, I was supposed to go up there to School were members of the PTA. This year, the podium and give a little talk, and it’s way under the able leadership of Mary Mann, too past that. [Laughter] We’ve had too much who is our vice president for membership, fun. But what I would like to do is to outline we expect to go to scale—100 percent. to you—there are six things that the Congress [Laughter] should pass that are in my budget that don’t The President. I’d say that’s pretty good. break the balanced budget, that are in our Ms. Mann. We think big here. balanced budget, that they can pass or not The President. Well, Mr. Superintendent, pass in the next few days that I think would are all your schools like this? [Laughter] really help our children a lot. Five of them [Superintendent Domenech welcomed the bear directly on our schools, one indirectly. President and said the county has the Na- But I’d like to just mention them so you tion’s 12th largest and best school system in would know, because I would like to see America. He attributed the success to dedi- them get broad bipartisan support . I don’t cated staff and community and to the diver- really believe we’re best served when edu- sity of the county’s overall student body. He cation is a partisan issue. I think we’re best defined the challenges that confront the coun- served when it’s an American issue that ty as providing more facilities to handle over- crosses party lines. crowding and obtaining better technology for First of all, I have given Congress a plan the classroom. He described a program for smaller classes, better-trained teachers, called, ‘‘Success by Eight,’’ whereby all stu- and more modern schools. Let’s begin with dents are expected to be able to read by the the teacher shortage. You know what’s acute time they are 8 years old. He stressed the here; it is profound in many places. Now, need for smaller class sizes to achieve that let me say one other word of introduction. goal and expressed hope for assistance from There has been what I consider to be a legiti- the President.] mate question raised of me by many Mem- The President. Well, let me say, I think bers of Congress who say, ‘‘Well, now, look this is a truly extraordinary school district. Mr. President, you’re trying to get the Fed- And I have done my part to promote you, eral Government into financing things that you know, around the country. [Laughter] I the Federal Government has never before always talk about what an amazing school dis- financed. We’ve never been into building or trict this is. Some of your schools, particular repairing schools, for example—there are schools, are as diverse as any in America and many States in this country where the States a stunning array of people coming from dif- don’t even do that, where it all has to be ferent places. So I’m very impressed, and I done at the local level—or putting 100,000 thank you for what you’re doing. teachers out there for smaller classes in the I wonder if—Secretary Riley, would you early grades.’’ like to say anything before I talk a little bit My answer is as follows: Number one, it’s about the congressional agenda? hard to think of a more important national [Secretary Riley announced the availability issue. Number two, I’m not doing anything within days of guidebooks on early warning to interfere with the local direction of the

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schools or the States’ constitutional respon- What did you call them, learning cottages? sibility to set the framework of public edu- Learning cottages. That sounds like some- cation. And number three, in some places place you’re sent when you misbehave— like this district, the level of growth, and in [laughter]—learning cottages. Anyway, so I other places the level of poverty, make it sim- have also presented a plan to help to modern- ply inconceivable that they can achieve these ize or build new, 5,000 schools. Next Tues- objectives otherwise. day, when I get back from my trip, the Sec- So I think if we have the money, this is retary and I and others are going to hold what we ought to do. But I want to prepare school modernization days all across America you in case any of you feel moved by the to highlight our proposal which would pro- spirit to call or write your Congressman or vide tax credit to build or modernize or re- Senator. [Laughter] There is a legitimate his- build 5,000 public schools. toric pattern here where they’ll say, ‘‘Well, I have been to schools in this country you know, President Clinton’s got a lot of where whole floors were closed because they energy, but he may have gone too far this were so old. But they’re wonderful buildings. time because the Federal Government’s Structurally, no one could afford to build never done this.’’ There is a reason we’re such buildings today because of the cost of doing it now. There’s a reason we’re doing construction. But if you go to an inner-city it now. We have to prove that our elementary school, for example, think of what message and secondary schools can be uniformly as it gives a 7-year-old child to walk up the steps excellent as our colleges and universities are of a school where the paint’s peeling off and and give all of our kids world-class education. the windows are broken. Think of the mes- And unless we do this, I am convinced there sage you’re sending your child—you want to won’t be the resources out there to get the say, ‘‘Oh, every child is a treasure,’’ all these job done. things that your PTA president said; I believe So let me say first of all, the teacher short- every one of them. But sometimes, the ac- age. I’ve asked Congress to pass a plan to tions speak louder than words. You can tell help school districts hire 100,000 new teach- those children that, but if they have to keep ers, all trained, tested, and certified by State walking up steps into broken-down buildings, education authorities, targeted to smaller do they really think we believe it? classes in the early grades. Again, where all The other day, I was in Philadelphia in the research shows, there are permanent a school—the average school building, the gains if kids get the kind of individual atten- average age of school buildings in Philadel- tion they need in the early grades. phia is 65 years. That’s the average age. Now, I’ve also asked them to help me support the good news is, those structures, by and better teacher training programs not directed large, are magnificent. The bad news is, a by Washington, those things that all of you whole lot of them are in terrible shape, and know work, all educators know work. There I think it’s a worthy investment. I think it’s is not today in my opinion a sufficient com- a worthy investment of our money. mitment to helping teachers continue to im- So, we want to give fast-growing districts prove their skills, upgrade their skills, work like this one and districts with good struc- with other teachers, to have the time nec- tures but old, run-down buildings the chance essary to try to continue to improve, to avoid they need to go forward. So that’s the first: burnout under all the pressures that they’re more teachers for smaller classes and more under. When I go out and talk to educators, classes. there’s really a lot of support for increased Second, we want to fully fund my plan to investment in teacher training. So I hope that equip our Nation’s classrooms with comput- Congress will fully fund this class size reduc- ers and cutting-edge educational software tion program. It would get us down to an and to train teachers to be there to make average of 18 children per class once we do sure that the technology is properly used. I it. want to hook up every classroom and library The second problem is, it’s hard to have in the entire country to the Internet by the a small class without a classroom. [Laughter] year 2000 and make sure that the software

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is good and that the teachers are trained to and mobilize an army of volunteer tutors, be- make the most of it. And we have to help cause as I said, we already have 1,000 col- you do that. You shouldn’t have to fully fund leges participating in this program. And I that. think it’s very, very important. Third, I want to strengthen the charter Sixth, we have a general program to school movement. There are some school strengthen our schools that would expand districts that have been greatly advanced by Head Start, strengthen after-school programs letting teachers and others get together and for hundreds of thousands of children. This start new schools within the framework of is a huge deal in areas with a lot of juvenile the school district where the whole district’s crime, with a lot of dangerous streets, with not reforming, but they want to try some- a lot of gangs. These after-school programs thing new. We’ve got now about almost 1,000 and summer school programs have dramati- of those schools out there. When I became cally reduced student problems while in- President, there was only one in the whole creasing student achievement, and I think country. When I was talking about it in 1992, that’s very, very important. I might have been trying to explain the the- We have a special initiative aimed at His- ory of relativity. Everybody thought I was panic young people because the school drop- nuts. [Laughter] But now, first we had one, out rate is still much higher for Hispanics now we’ve got nearly 1,000, and if my budget than for any other group, largely because of passes, we’ll have 3,000 funded by the year language barriers and economic problems. 2000. And we also have in this package program Fourth, I want to continue to open the I just mentioned our safe and drug-free doors of college to all Americans who will schools program. We’ve tried to take the ini- work for it by reauthorizing the Higher Edu- tiatives that we know work in schools like cation Act. Now, that doesn’t mean anything, so let me tell you what that means, that reau- this one and make sure they are in every sin- thorization. [Laughter] gle school in America. This legislation will help more children Now, the bill that the House Republican reach their potential by improving teacher majority has proposed falls short of these education. It will help struggling commu- goals in every single one of these areas. But nities to hire 35,000 well-qualified teachers. it’s not too late. The bill has to be considered It will expand mentoring programs, some- in the Senate; then both the Senate and the thing that you’ve already said is important House must vote on it. So I would implore to you. It will reduce interest rates on student you, without regard to your political party, loans. It will extend Pell grants and the Fed- just to contact your Members of Congress, eral work-study program. We’ve taken it your Senators, and ask them to support this from 700,000 work-study positions to a mil- agenda. We have the money. lion in 3 years. So these things are very im- We have worked hard to balance the budg- portant. et. We’ve worked hard to show fiscal dis- You know, we have provided for lower in- cipline, to get the economy going again. terest rates on student loans, better repay- There is no more important area in which ment, 300,000 more work-study slots, and to spend the money now that we have it, and now tax credits worth about $1,500 a year so I hope you will help us to do that. for the first 2 years of college, and then for Let me just say one final thing. The Senate junior and senior year and graduate school. tomorrow takes up the summer jobs pro- I am determined that when I leave office, gram. Now, that’s not for this summer, but— no American will ever, ever walk away from the one we just passed—but for the summer college because of the cost. We can open the about to come. It provides more than doors of college to everybody who is quali- 500,000 young people a chance to work. It fied, and it’s important. is a godsend to this country. And because Fifth, let’s go back to what we were talking of the funding—Federal-funded summer about on reading. We want to pass a biparti- jobs program—we have a lot of places which san early literacy bill to help to train teachers we are able then to go out and get other

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people to put up money to expand the pro- NOTE: The President spoke at 12:45 p.m. in the gram. For reasons I do not understand, the gymnasium at Herndon Elementary School. In his House committee wants to disband it, and remarks, he referred to William E. Milliken, presi- I think it would be a disastrous error. dent, Communities in Schools, Inc. (formerly, Cit- ies in Schools, Inc.). It comes up in the Senate tomorrow, and again, this is fundamentally an education issue, because if kids get in trouble over the Statement on the Northwest Airlines summer or they have problems and they Pilots Strike don’t have something to do or if they need the money and they can’t earn it, it increases August 31, 1998 the chances that they’ll drop out. So I hope I have asked Northwest Airlines and its pi- that you will also support the summer jobs lots to redouble their efforts to resolve their program. The Senate is taking it up quite differences. Senior members of my adminis- soon. I believe the Senate, across party lines, tration continue to be in contact with the par- will vote to extend it, but we need help. ties, but it is up to the negotiating parties So I just wanted to close by trying to close to reach an agreement. Specifically, I have this circle here. We started in this roundtable asked Secretary of Transportation Rodney talking about what you are doing to give to Slater to meet with the parties’ leadership. children in your charge the future they de- I hope that an agreement will be concluded serve and a future America desperately needs soon in their interests and the interest of the for them to have. But we think we have a American people. role here if we’re going to build those bridges to the 21st century. And I’ve done my best to define that role based on 20 years now Message to the Senate Transmitting of working with people in education. I think the Guatemala-United States Treaty it’s a good agenda. Secretary Riley and I, our- on Stolen Vehicles and Aircraft With selves, started working together almost 20 Documentation years ago on public education. I guess next year will be our 20th anniversary of working August 31, 1998 together on these things when we were To the Senate of the United States: young Governors. With a view to receiving the advice and I know that you know that there are things consent of the Senate to ratification, I trans- we should do, and I believe if we don’t be mit herewith the Treaty Between the Gov- harsh and political in our rhetoric, we talk ernment of the United States of America and about our children and what we know to be the Government of the Republic of Guate- true of education, we can get a listening ear mala for the Return of Stolen, Robbed, Em- among enough thoughtful Republicans to bezzled or Appropriated Vehicles and Air- join our Democrats to build a bipartisan coa- craft, with Annexes and a related exchange lition to do what the National Government of notes, signed at Guatemala City on Octo- should do to help make possible more stories ber 6, 1997. I transmit also, for the informa- like the ones we’ve heard around this table tion of the Senate, the report of the Depart- today. That is my whole goal. And I know ment of State with respect to the Treaty. that we won’t have all the stories we need The Treaty is one of a series of stolen vehi- unless we also do our part. So I ask you: cle treaties being negotiated by the United Whatever you can do to contact your Rep- States in order to eliminate the difficulties resentatives and Senators, whatever you can faced by owners of vehicles that have been do to make it clear that these are not partisan stolen and transported across international issues, these are people issues, and that our borders. It is the first of these newly nego- future is riding on it. If you can do that, I tiated treaties to provide for the return of would be very grateful. And thank you for stolen aircraft as well as vehicles. When it what you do here every day. enters into force, it will be an effective tool Thank you. to facilitate the return of U.S. vehicles and

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aircraft that have been stolen, robbed, em- I know that Russian students love to read bezzled, or appropriated and taken to Guate- and are proud of your country’s great writers. mala. A teacher here in Moscow asked her first- I recommend that the Senate give early grade class why they thought reading was im- and favorable consideration to the Treaty, portant. One girl stood up and answered, with Annexes and a related exchange of ‘‘You can read any book. You can read Push- notes, and give its advice and consent to rati- kin.’’ No one in the first grade in my country fication. is reading Pushkin. [Laughter] Now, another student answered the same question in a dif- William J. Clinton ferent way. He said, ‘‘If you can read, you The White House, can read a fax.’’ [Laughter] August 31, 1998. So whether you want to be a business per- son reading a fax, a writer, or a teacher, or NOTE: This message was released by the Office pursue any other career in the modern world, of the Press Secretary on September 1. a good school will help you get there. In a world where people are working closer and closer together, a good school with its lan- Remarks at First Day of School guages and its learning about other countries Festivities in Moscow, Russia is very important. Because more and more September 1, 1998 of our jobs and lives depend on computers and technology, more and more of us have Thank you all very much. I am delighted to read well, do mathematics, and know other to be here not only with my wife, who has subjects good schools teach. worked for better education in our country In the past, America and Russia too often for many years, but with the Secretary of used our knowledge in opposition to each State, the Secretary of Commerce, our other. But things are very different now. American Ambassador here, and five Mem- Today we use what we know to work together bers of our Congress. I thank all of them for new jobs, better health care, a cleaner for being here. We are delighted to join you environment, the exploration of space, the on this day. exchange of ideas, art, music, videos. Our I would also like to thank Vice Mayor countries are becoming partners, and more Shanstev and Mr. Muzykantskiy from the and more of our people are becoming Moscow City School Board for joining us. I friends. would like to thank your principal, Ms. Your country is going through some dif- Gorachkova. And most of all, I want to thank ficult changes right now, and I know things these fine students, Konstantine Sokolov and aren’t always easy for a lot of people. But Valentina Smirnova. I think they did a fine I also know that in times of crisis the Russian job, and you should give them applause. You people have always risen to the occasion with should be very proud of them. [Applause] courage and determination. Now, in the spirit of the day, even though The challenges of this new global economy Konstantine’s English is very good, I thought and society are great, but so are the rewards. I should try to say something in Russian, like For those who have good schools, like this privet [Hello]. How’s that, is that good? [Ap- one, with teachers and parents who work plause] Or S novym uchebnym godom hard to help children learn, and with that [Happy New School Year]. Is that good? [Ap- learning and the new freedom you have in plause] Russia, all of you will be ready for that future, In America this is also the first day of and you will do very well. school for many students. I understand that So I say to all the students here, learn as some of you have studied in America. I hope much as you can about as many subjects as more of you will do so in the future, and you can and about other people. And imagine I hope more Americans will come here to what you would like to see happen in the study. And in the meantime, perhaps more future, for yourselves, your nation, and the and more of you can meet on the Internet. world. And always keep those dreams with

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you, for in the new century you will be able to devise a Constitution that worked. Then to live those dreams. in 1814, we went to war with England again. Thank you. Spacibo. They invaded our Capital City and burned the President’s house, the White House. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:25 p.m. in the Then in 1861, we began our bloodiest war # auditorium at Elementary School 19. In his re- ever, a civil war, fought over the conflicts of marks, he referred to Vice Mayor Valery slavery. It almost divided our country for- Pavlinovich Shanstev of Moscow; Galina ever, but instead we were reunited, and we Bezrodnaya, principal, Elementary School #19; and students Konstantine Sokolov and Valentina abolished slavery. Smirnova, who spoke at the festivities and pre- In the 1930’s, before World War II, our sented gifts to the President and Mrs. Clinton. country sank into an enormous depression with 25 percent of our people unemployed and more than one-third of our people living Remarks to Future Russian Leaders in poverty. Well, you know the rest. We were in Moscow allies in World War II, and after World War September 1, 1998 II we were adversaries. But it was a time of great prosperity for the American people, Thank you very much. First I’d like to even though there were tense and difficult thank Maxim Safonov for that fine introduc- moments in the last 50 years. tion and for his very encouraging remarks. The larger point I want to make, as Russia Rector Torpoulov, Minister Primakov, to all goes through this time of extreme difficulty, the members of the American delegation. is that over the life of our democracy we have We have Secretary of State Albright, Sec- had many intense, even bitter, debates about retary of Commerce Daley, Secretary of En- what are the proper relations between people ergy Richardson, National Security Adviser of different races or religions or backgrounds, Berger, our Ambassador, Jim Collins, and over the gap between rich and poor, over five distinguished Members of the United crime and punishment, even over war and States Congress here: Senator Domenici; peace. We Americans have fought and ar- Senator Bingaman; Representatives Hoyer, gued with each other, as we do even today, King, and Deutsch. but we have preserved our freedom by re- I think their presence here should speak membering the fundamental values en- louder than any words I could say that Amer- shrined in our Constitution and our Declara- ica considers our relationship with Russia to tion of Independence, by continuing to re- be important. It is a relationship of friend- spect the dignity of every man, woman, and ship, of mutual responsibility, and of commit- child, to tolerate those with different ideas ment to the future. We are all honored to and beliefs than our own, to demand equality be here today, and we thank you for your of opportunity, to give everyone a chance to welcome. make the most of his or her life. On this first day of school across both our Russia’s great ally in World War II, our countries, students are resuming their stud- President, Franklin Roosevelt, said that de- ies, including their study of history. At this mocracy is a never-ending seeking for better critical, surely historic, moment, let me start things. For Americans, that means, in good with a few words about what I believe the times and bad, we seek to widen the circle past can teach us as we and, especially, as of opportunity, to deepen the meaning of our the Russian people face the challenges of the freedom, to build a stronger national com- present and the future. munity. Two hundred and twenty-two years ago, Now, what does all that got to do with Rus- we Americans declared our freedom from sia in 1998? Your history is much longer than the tyranny of King George of England. We ours and so rich with accomplishment, from set out to govern ourselves. The road has not military victories over Napoleon and Hitler often—or certainly not always—been easy. to the literary achievements of Pushkin, First, we fought a very long war for inde- Tolstoy, Chekhov, Pasternak, and so many pendence. Then it took more than 10 years others, to great achievements in art, music,

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dance, medicine, science, space flight. Yet for be affected by what we do. We will be af- all your rich, long history, it was just 7 years fected by what you do; you will be affected ago that Russia embarked on its own quest by what we do. We might as well do it to- for democracy, liberty, and free markets— gether and make the most of it. just 7 years ago—a journey that is uniquely Now, in terms of what has happened in your own and must be guided by your own America, obviously it’s always more enjoyable vision of Russia’s democratic destiny. when our stock market goes up than when Now you are at a critical point on your it goes down. But I have talked to our Sec- journey. There are severe economic pres- retary of the Treasury about this several sures and serious hardships which I discussed times since yesterday. I want to reiterate the in my meetings with your leaders this morn- point that I think is important for Russia, for ing. The stakes are enormous. Every choice America, for every country: We believe our Russia makes today may have consequences fundamental economic policy is sound; we for years and years to come. Given the facts believe our people are working at record before you, I have to tell you that I do not rates; and we are determined to stay on a believe there are any painless solutions, and path of fiscal discipline that brought us to indeed, an attempt to avoid difficult solutions where we are. I think that wherever there may only prolong and worsen the present are markets there will always be changes in challenges. those markets. But we must attempt to move First, let me make a couple of points. The in the right direction. experience of our country over the last sev- And that’s what I want to talk to you about eral years, and especially in the last 6 years, today: How can we move in the right direc- proves that the challenges of the global econ- tion? When I look at all the young people omy are very great, but so are its rewards. here today—and I have read about you and The Russian people have met tremendous your background—young people from all challenges in the past. You can do it here. over Russia, seizing the possibilities of free- You can build a prosperous future. You can dom to chart new courses for yourselves and build opportunity and jobs for all the people your nation, making a difference by building of this land who are willing to work for them businesses from modest loans and innovative if you stand strong and complete, not run ideas, by taking technologies created for from but complete the transformation you weapons and applying them to human needs, began 7 years ago. by finding creative government solutions to The second point I want to make is the complex problems, by improving medical rest of the world has a very large stake in care and fighting disease, by publishing cou- your success. Today about a quarter of the rageous journalism, exposing abuses of world’s people are struggling with economic power, producing literature and art and challenges that are profound—the people of scholarship, changing the way people see your country; the people in Japan, who have their own lives, organizing citizens to fight had no economic growth for 5 years—it’s still for justice and human rights and a cleaner a very wealthy country, but when they don’t environment, reaching out to the world. In have any growth, it’s harder for all other this room today, there are young people countries that trade with them who aren’t so doing all those things. That should give you wealthy to grow—other countries in Asia. great reason to hope. And now we see when there are problems You are at the forefront of building a mod- in Russia or in Japan or questions about the ern Russia. You are a new generation. You economy of China, you see all across the do represent the future of your dreams. Your world—the stock market in Latin America efforts today will not only ensure better lives drops; you see the last 2 days we’ve had big for yourselves but for your children and gen- drops in the American stock market. erations that follow. What does that say? Well, among other I think it is important to point out, too, things, it says, whether we like it or not, we that when Russia chose freedom, it was not must build the future together, because, supposed to benefit only the young and well whether we like it or not, we are going to educated, the rich and well connected; it was

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also supposed to benefit the men and women er over the long run because of the stability who worked in factories and farms and and growth it will bring to this Russian eco- fought the wars of the Soviet era, those who nomic system. survive today on pensions and Government Second, printing money to pay the bills assistance. It was also supposed to benefit and bail out the banks does not help. It the laborers and teachers and soldiers who causes inflation and ultimately will make the work every day but wait now for a paycheck. pain worse. The challenge is to create a new Russia Third, special bailouts for a privileged few that benefits all responsible citizens of this come at the expense of the whole nation. country. How do you get there? I do not be- Fourth, fair, equitable treatment of credi- lieve it is by reverting to the failed policies tors today will determine their involvement of the past. I do not believe it is by stopping in a nation tomorrow. The people who loan the reform process in midstream, with a few money into this nation must be treated fairly Russians doing very well but far more strug- if you want them to be loaning money into gling to provide for their families. I believe this nation 4 years, 5 years, 10 years hence. you will create the conditions of growth if, These are not radical theories, they are but only if, you continue to move decisively simply facts proven by experience. How Rus- along the path of democratic, market-ori- sia reacts to them will fundamentally affect ented, constructive revolution. your future. Surviving today’s crisis, however The Russian people have made extraor- difficult that may be, is just the beginning. dinary progress in the last 7 years. You have To create jobs, growth, and higher income, gone to the polls to elect your leaders. Some a nation must convince its own citizens and 65 to 70 percent of you freely turn out in foreigners that they can safely invest. Again, every election. People across Russia are re- experience teaches what works: fair tax laws building diverse religious traditions, launch- and fair enforcement; easier transferability of ing a wide range of private organizations. land; strong intellectual property rights to en- Seventy percent of the economy now is in courage innovation; independent courts en- private hands. Not bureaucrats but consum- forcing the law consistently and upholding ers determine what goods get to stores and contract rights; strong banks that safeguard where people live. You have reached out to savings; securities markets that protect inves- the world with trade and investment, ex- tors; social spending that promotes hope and changes of every kind, and leadership in opportunity and a safety net for those who meeting security challenges around the in any given time in an open market economy globe. will be dislocated; and vigilance against hid- Now you face a critical moment. Today’s den ties between government and business financial crisis does not require you to aban- interests that are inappropriate. don your march toward freedom and free Now, this is not an American agenda. I markets. Russians will define Russia’s future, will say it again: This is not an American but there are clear lessons, I would argue, agenda. These are the imperatives of the from international experience. Here’s what global marketplace, and you can see them I think they are. repeated over and over and over again. You First, in tough times governments need can also see the cost of ignoring them in na- stable revenues to pay their bills, support sal- tion after nation after nation. aries, pensions, and health care. That re- Increasingly, no nation, rich or poor, quires decisive action to ensure that everyone democratic or authoritarian, can escape the pays their fair share of taxes. Otherwise, a fundamental economic imperatives of the few pay too much, many pay too little, the global market. Investors and entrepreneurs government is in the hole and can never get have a very wide and growing range of out, and you will never be able to have a choices about where they put their money. stable economic policy. It is tempting for ev- They move in the direction of openness, fair- eryone to avoid wanting to pay any taxes. But ness, and freedom. Here, Russia has an op- if everyone will pay their fair share, the share portunity. At the dawn of a new century there will be modest and their incomes will be larg- is a remarkable convergence; increasingly,

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the very policies that are needed to thrive tion without pain. You’ve only been at this in the new economy are also those which 7 years. deepen democratic liberty for individual citi- Look at any European country that has had zens. an open market society for decades and dec- This is a wealthy country. It is rich in re- ades and decades. They have hundreds, in- sources. It is richer still in people. It has done deed thousands, of little organizations, they a remarkable job of providing quality edu- have major national institutions that all tend cation to large numbers of people. You have to reinforce these rules that I talked about proven over and over and over again in ways earlier. Don’t be discouraged, but don’t be large and small that the people of this coun- deterred. Just keep working until you get it try have a sense of courage and spirit, an un- in place. Once you get it in place, Russia will willingness to be beat down and to give up. take off like a rocket, because you have both The future can be very, very bright. natural resources and people resources. But we can’t ignore the rules of the game, Now, I think it’s important to point out, because if there is a system of freedom, you however, that economic strength—let’s go cannot take away and no country, not even back to the rules—it depends on the rule of the United States with the size of our econ- law. If somebody from outside a country in- omy, no country is strong enough to control tends to put money into a foreign country, what millions and millions and millions of they want to know what the rules are. What people decide freely to do with their money. are the terms on which my money is being But every country will keep a large share of invested? How will my investment be pro- its own citizens’ money and get a lot of tected? If I lose money, I want to know it’s money from worldwide investors if it can put because I made a bad decision, not because in place systems that abide by the rules of the law didn’t protect my money. It is very international commerce. And all Russia important. Investors, therefore, seek honest needs is its fair share of this investment. You government, fair systems—fair for corpora- have the natural wealth. You have the people tions and consumers, where there are strong power. You have the education. All you need checks on corruption and abuse of authority is just to get your fair share of the investment. and openness in what the rules are on how Now, 21st century economic power will investment capital is handled. rest on creativity and innovation. I believe Economic strength depends on equality of the young people in this room think they can opportunity. There must be strong schools be as creative or innovative as anyone in the and good health care, and everyone must world. It will rest on the free flow of informa- have a chance to share in the nation’s bounty. tion. It will rest on ideas. Consider this, those And economic power must lie with people of you who are beginning your careers: who vote their consciences, use new tech- America’s three largest computer and soft- nologies to spread ideas, start organizations ware companies are now worth more than to work for change, and build enterprises of all the American companies in our steel, all kinds. automotive, aerospace, chemical, and plastics Now, some seek to exploit this power shift industries combined—combined—our three that’s going on in the world to take advantage biggest computer companies. of their fellow citizens. When this nation The future is a future of ideas. No nation went from the old Communist command and will ever have a monopoly on ideas. No peo- control system to an open free system, with- ple will ever control all the creative juices out all the intermediate institutions and pri- that flow in the human spirit more or less vate organizations that it takes years to build evenly across the world. You will do very well up, vacuums were created. And into those if you just get your fair share of investment. vacuums, some moved with an intent to ex- To get your fair share of investment, you ploit their fellow citizens to enrich them- have to play by the rules that everyone else selves without regard to fairness or safety or has to play by. That’s what this whole crisis the future. The challenges for any citizen— is about. No one could ever have expected this is not Russia specific—this would have your country to be able to make this transi- happened and has happened in every single

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country that has had to make this transition. We don’t always agree, and our interests There’s nothing inherently negative about aren’t always identical. But we work together this development. It is as predictable as the more often than not, and the world is a better Sun coming up in the morning. Every coun- place as a result. Building peace is our para- try has had to face this. But you must over- mount responsibility, but there is more we come it. must do together. One thing we need to do You must have a state that is strong enough more together is prove that you can grow to control abuses: violence, theft, fraud, brib- the economy without destroying the environ- ery, monopolism. But it must not be so strong ment. that it can limit the legitimate rights and A great man looking at the condition of dreams and creativity of the people. That is the environment charged that humanity was the tension of creating the right kind of a destroyer. He wrote, ‘‘Forests keep dis- democratic market society. appearing. Rivers dry up. Wildlife has be- The bottom line is that the American peo- come extinct. The climate is ruined. The land ple very much want Russia to succeed. We grows poorer and uglier every day.’’ Chekhov value your friendship. We honor your strug- wrote those words 100 years ago. Just imag- gle. We want to offer support as long as you ine his reaction to the present environmental take the steps needed for stability and conditions, with toxic pollution ruining our progress. We will benefit greatly if you air and water, and global warming threaten- strengthen your democracy and increase ing to aggravate flooding and drought and disease. your prosperity. Together, we can create cleaner tech- Look what our partnership has already nologies to grow our economies without de- produced. We reversed the dangerous build- stroying the world’s environment and imper- up of nuclear weapons. We’re 2 years ahead iling future generations. Together, we can of schedule in cutting nuclear arsenals under harness the genius of our citizens not for START I. START II, which still awaits ratifi- making weapons but for building better com- cation in the Duma, will reduce our nuclear munications, curing disease, combating hun- forces by two-thirds from cold-war levels. ger, exploring the heavens. Together, we can President Yeltsin and I already have agreed reconcile societies of different people with on a framework for START III to cut our different religions and races and viewpoints, nuclear arsenals even further. and stand against the wars of ethnic, reli- For you young people, at a time when gious, and racial hatred that have dominated India and Pakistan have started testing nu- recent history. clear weapons, America and Russia must re- If we stand together and if we do the right sume the direction the world should take things, we can build that kind of world. If away from nuclear weapons, not toward the people of Russia stand for economic re- them. This is a very important thing. form that benefits all the people of this coun- We are working to halt the spread of weap- try, America will stand with you. As the peo- ons of mass destruction. We signed the Com- ple of Russia work for education and sci- prehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with 147 entific discovery, as they stand against cor- other countries. We’re working to contain the ruption and for honest government, against arms race between India and Pakistan, to the criminals and terrorists and for the safety strengthen controls on transfers of weapons of ordinary citizens, against aggression and technologies, to combat terrorism every- for peace, America will proudly stand with where. you. It is the right thing to do, but it is also Our bonds are growing stronger, and as very much in the interest of the American they do we will move closer to our goal of people to do so. a Europe undivided, democratic, and at I was amazed there were some doubters peace. We reached agreement for greater co- back in America who said perhaps I shouldn’t operation between NATO and Russia. And come here because these are uncertain times our soldiers serve side by side, making peace politically and economically. And there are possible in Bosnia. questions being raised in the American press

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about the commitment of Russia to the Affairs Yevgeniy Primakov and President Boris course of reform and democracy. It seems Yeltsin of Russia. A portion of these remarks could to me that anybody can get on an airplane not be verified because the tape was incomplete. and take a trip in good times and that friends come to visit each other in challenging and Statement on the Northern Ireland difficult times. I come here as a friend, because I believe Peace Process in the future of Russia. I come here also be- September 1, 1998 cause I believe someone has to tell the truth to the people, so that you’re not skeptical I join Prime Ministers Blair and Ahern in when your political leaders tell you things welcoming today’s statement by Sinn Fein that are hard to hear. There is no way out President Gerry Adams committing to exclu- of playing by the rules of the international sively democratic and peaceful means in the economy if you wish to be a part of it. We political process in Northern Ireland. Sinn cannot abandon the rules of the international Fein joins its voice to the vast majority of economy. No one can. Northern Ireland’s people who are deter- There is a way to preserve the social safety mined to see, in Mr. Adams’ words, that ‘‘vio- net and the social contract and to help the lence is a thing of the past, over, done with, people who are too weak to succeed. There and gone.’’ This statement is an important is a way to do that. And there are people contribution to building the trust and con- who will help to do that. But it has to be fidence necessary to make the Good Friday done. So I come here as a friend. I come accord a reality. here because I know that the future of our I am looking forward to meeting personally children and the future of Russia’s young with all the party leaders in Northern Ire- people are going to be entwined, and I want land. I will urge them to work for full and it to be a good future. And I believe it can speedy implementation of the Good Friday be. accord—the best way to put an end to con- Recently, a woman from Petrozavodsk— flict and ensure peace in Northern Ireland. I hope I pronounced that right, Petrozavodsk—wrote these words about your Statement on Harold Ickes’ 1996 people, who won World War II and rebuilt from the rubble. Listen to this. She said, ‘‘We Campaign Financing Activities survived the ruins, the devastation, the hun- September 1, 1998 ger, and the cold. It is not possible that our people can do this again? If people raise Harold Ickes has been an important part themselves, they can move mountains. To- of this administration’s efforts to move our ward what end? Pushkin once said that so country forward and has devoted much of long as we burn with freedom, we can fulfill his life to improving the lives of all Ameri- the noble urges of our souls.’’ cans. He has been a trusted adviser and a In all this dry and sometimes dour talk dedicated public servant. I am confident that about economics and finance, never forget investigators will find he acted lawfully and that, whatever your human endeavor, the ul- appropriately. timate purpose of it is to fulfill the noble urges of your soul. That is the ultimate vic- Statement on Senate Action on tory the Russian people will reap if you will Appropriations Legislation see this process through to the end. I hope you will do that, and I hope we will be able September 1, 1998 to be your partners every step of the way. For the past month, I have criticized the Thank you very much. House Republican education and training NOTE: The President spoke at 4:50 p.m. in the budget because it shortchanges America’s fu- auditorium at Moscow State University. In his re- ture. Today I am pleased that a bipartisan marks, he referred to Maxim Safonov, student, group of Senators voted to reject parts of the Moscow State University; and Minister of Foreign extreme House Republican education and

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training budget and make many—but not extend these protections to all Americans. all—of the critical investments in our future With precious few weeks remaining before that I believe are necessary for America to the Congress adjourns, we must work to- succeed in the 21st century. This afternoon gether to respond to the nation’s call for us the Senate Labor-HHS appropriations sub- to improve the quality of health care Ameri- committee voted to restore full funding for cans are receiving. home heating and cooling assistance for low- As I mentioned in my radio address this income families and summer jobs for dis- past Saturday, ensuring basic patient protec- advantaged youth. Unlike the House Repub- tions is not and should not be a political issue. lican budget, they voted to make many of I was therefore disappointed by the partisan the essential investments in our children for manner in which the Senate Republican which I have been fighting. Leadership bill was developed. The lack of The Senate subcommittee, however, did consultation with the White House or any not adequately fund several education and Democrats during the drafting of your legis- training investments that I believe are vitally lation contributed to its serious shortcomings important to our Nation’s future. For exam- ple, they did not provide the resources nec- and the fact it has failed to receive the sup- essary for us to move forward to ensure that port of either patients or doctors. The bill every 8-year-old can read on his or her own leaves millions of Americans without critical and every 12-year-old can log on to the infor- patient protections, contains provisions that mation superhighway. The Senate bill is a are more rhetorical than substantive, com- good first step, but there is still more work pletely omits patient protections that virtually to do. every expert in the field believes are basic I look forward to working with the Senate and essential, and includes ‘‘poison pill’’ pro- on this bill to expand educational oppor- visions that have nothing to do with a pa- tunity, improve child care, set voluntary na- tients’ bill of rights. More specifically, the tional academic standards, protect continuity bill: in critical health programs, and help young Does not cover all health plans and leaves people in high-poverty areas. Finally, as I more than 100 million Americans completely have said before, Congress must take action unprotected. The provisions in the Senate to modernize our schools and help provide Republican Leadership bill apply only to self- smaller classes with well-qualified teachers. insured plans. As a consequence, the bill leaves out more than 100 million Americans, including millions of workers in small busi- Letter to the Majority Leader of the nesses. This approach contrasts with the bi- Senate on the Patients’ Bill of Rights partisan Kassebaum-Kennedy insurance re- September 1, 1998 form law, which provided a set of basic pro- tections for all Americans. Dear Senator Lott: Lets HMOs, not health professionals, de- Thank you for your letter regarding the fine medical necessity. The external appeals patients’ bill of rights. I am pleased to reit- process provision in the Senate Republican erate my commitment to working with you— and all Republicans and Democrats in the Leadership bill makes the appeals process Congress—to pass long overdue legislation meaningless by allowing the HMOs them- this year. selves, rather than informed health profes- Since last November, I have called on the sionals, to define what services are medically Congress to pass a strong, enforceable, and necessary. This loophole will make it very dif- bipartisan patients’ bill of rights. During this ficult for patients to prevail on appeals to get time, I signed an Executive Memorandum the treatment doctors believe they need. to ensure that the 85 million Americans in Fails to guarantee direct access to special- federal health plans receive the patient pro- ists. The Senate Republican Leadership pro- tections they need, and I have indicated my posal fails to ensure that patients with serious support for bipartisan legislation that would health problems have direct access to the

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specialists they need. We believe that pa- Includes ‘‘poison pill’’ provisions that have tients with conditions like cancer or heart dis- nothing to do with a patients’ bill of rights. ease should not be denied access to the doc- For example, expanding Medical Savings Ac- tors they need to treat their conditions. counts (MSAs) before studying the current Fails to protect patients from abrupt demonstration is premature, at best, and changes in care in the middle of treatment. could undermine an already unstable insur- The Senate Republican Leadership bill fails ance market. As I have said before, I would to assure continuity-of-care protections when veto a bill that does not address these serious an employer changes health plans. This defi- flaws. I could not sanction presenting a bill ciency means that, for example, pregnant to the American people that is nothing more women or individuals undergoing care for a than an empty promise. At the same time, chronic illness may have their care suddenly as I have repeatedly made clear, I remain altered mid course, potentially causing seri- fully committed to working with you, as well ous health consequences. as the Democratic Leadership, to pass a Reverses course on emergency room pro- meaningful patients’ bill of rights before the tections. The Senate Republican Leadership Congress adjourns. We can make progress bill backs away from the emergency room in this area if, and only if, we work together protections that Congress implemented in a to provide needed health care protections to bipartisan manner for Medicare and Medic- ensure Americans have much needed con- aid beneficiaries in the Balanced Budget Act fidence in their health care system. of 1997. The bill includes a watered-down Producing a patients’ bill of rights that can provision that does not require health plans attract bipartisan support and receive my sig- to cover patients who go to an emergency nature will require a full and open debate room outside their network and does not en- on the Senate floor. There must be adequate sure coverage for any treatment beyond an time and a sufficient number of amendments initial screening. These provisions put pa- to ensure that the bill gives patients the basic tients at risk for the huge costs associated protections they need and deserve. I am con- with critical emergency treatment. fident that you and Senator Daschle can work Allows financial incentives to threaten crit- out a process that accommodates the sched- ical patient care. The Senate Republican uling needs of the Senate and allows you to Leadership bill fails to prohibit secret finan- address fully the health care needs of the cial incentives to providers. This would leave American public. patients vulnerable to financial incentives Last year, we worked together in a biparti- that limit patient care. san manner to pass a balanced budget includ- Fails to hold health plans accountable ing historic Medicare reforms and the largest when their actions cause patients serious investment in children’s health care since the harm. The proposed per-day penalties in the enactment of Medicaid. This year, we have Senate Republican Leadership bill fail to another opportunity to work together to im- hold health plans accountable when patients prove health care for millions of Americans. suffer serious harm or even death because I urge you to make the patients’ bill of of a plan’s wrongful action. For example, if rights the first order of business for the Sen- a health plan improperly denies a lifesaving ate. Further delay threatens the ability of the cancer treatment to a child, it will incur a Congress to pass a bill that I can sign into penalty only for the number of days it takes law this year. I stand ready to work with you to reverse its decision; it will not have to pay and Senator Daschle to ensure that pa- the family for all the damages the family will tients—not politics—are our first priority. suffer as the result of having a child with Sincerely, a now untreatable disease. And because the plan will not have to pay for all the harm William J. Clinton it causes, it will have insufficient incentive to change its health care practices in the fu- NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- ture. tion of the content of this letter.

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The President’s News Conference sions of our economic relations should be With President Boris Yeltsin of brought up to a qualitatively new level. We Russia in Moscow shall have to suffer through much blood, September 2, 1998 sweat, and tears before new forms of busi- ness cooperation worthy of our two great President Yeltsin. Distinguished ladies powers are found, reforms that would be able and gentlemen, the official visit of the Presi- to withstand volatile circumstances. There dent of the United States, Bill Clinton, to exist quite a few opportunities for this. These Russia is coming to an end. We have had are mentioned in our joint statement on eco- intensive, productive negotiations. We have nomic issues. managed to discuss a wide range of topical In conclusion, I would like to say—and I issues. I would like to emphasize the ex- hope Bill will agree with me—the summit changes were sincere and keen. The dialog was a success. This meeting, the 15th in a was marked by the spirit of mutual under- row, confirmed once again when Presidents standing. of Russia and the United States join their Responsibility of our two countries for efforts, no issue is too big for them. maintaining and strengthening peace and sta- Thank you for your kind attention. bility is obvious. That is why we have paid President Clinton. Thank you very much, special attention to the discussion of the en- Mr. President, for your hospitality and for tire spectrum of security issues in the world. giving Hillary and me and our team the The discussion has included the imple- chance to come to Moscow again. mentation of international and bilateral trea- Over the past 5 years I have been in this ties and agreements concerning the weapons great, historic city in times of bright hope of mass destruction, as well as the elaboration and times of uncertainty. But throughout, I of common approaches to dealing with the have witnessed the remarkable trans- threat of nuclear weapons proliferation and formation of this nation to democracy and their delivery means. to a more open economy. We all know that Unfortunately, this is not the only major this meeting comes at a challenging time for task the humanity struggles to resolve. That the Russian people. But I don’t believe any- is why President Clinton and I have dis- one could ever have doubted that there cussed global threats and challenges. Our po- would be obstacles on Russia’s road to a vi- sitions on this issue have coincided, and this brant economy and a strong democracy. I closeness of approaches is reflected in the don’t also believe that anyone can seriously joint statement on common security changes doubt the determination of the Russian peo- on the threshold of the 21st century. I con- ple to build a brighter, better, stronger fu- sider this document to be a significant step ture. towards strengthening strategic partnership Russia is important to America. Our between Russia and the United States. economies are connected; we share values, We have also had substantial talks on the interests, and friendship; we share security most topical international issues. And there interests and heavy security responsibilities. are quite a few such issues. I’ll put it frankly: In our discussions, President Yeltsin and I Here our approaches have not always com- spoke about Russia’s options for stabilizing pletely coincided. Russia rejects the use of its economy and restoring confidence. I re- power methods as a matter of principle. Con- affirmed America’s strong view that Russia flicts of today have no military solutions, be can move beyond today’s crisis and create it in Kosovo or around Iraq or Afghanistan growth and good jobs but only if it carries or others. Also we do not accept the NATO forward with its transformation, with a strong centrism idea for the new European security and fair tax system, greater rule of law, deal- architecture. Nevertheless, our talks have ing forthrightly with financial institutions, been conducive to greater mutual under- having regulation that protects against standing on these issues. abuses, and yes, developing an appropriate Of course, we could not do without dis- safety net for people who are hurt during cussing economy problems. Current dimen- times of change.

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President Yeltsin reaffirmed his commit- strengthen Russia’s ability to halt the spread ment to reform, and I believe that is the right of dangerous weapons. Also, we renewed our commitment. The answer to the present dif- commitment to persuade India and Pakistan ficulties is to finish the job that has been to reverse their arms race. And we pledged begun, not to stop it in midstream or to re- to accelerate international negotiations to es- verse course. This is a view I will reaffirm tablish a tough inspection regime for the Bio- when I meet today with leaders of the Duma logical Weapons Convention. I don’t believe and the Federation Council. America and the it’s possible to overstate the importance of international community are, I am con- this initiative for the next 20 years. vinced, ready to offer further assistance if Russia and the United States share a com- Russia stays with the path of reform. mitment to combat terrorism. We agree that We discussed also at length common secu- there is no possible justification for terrorism. rity concerns. We’ve reached an important It is murder, plain and simple. Today, we agreement to increase the safety of all our instructed our Foreign Ministers to develop people, an arrangement under which our a plan to deepen our cooperation against this countries will give each other continuous in- formation on worldwide launches of ballistic danger to our own people and to innocent missiles or space-launch vehicles detected by people around the world. our respective early warning systems. This We agree on the importance of further will reduce the possibility of nuclear war by strengthening the partnership between mistake or accident and give us information NATO and Russia through practical coopera- about missile activity by other countries. tion. We plan to accelerate talks on adapting We’ve also agreed to remove from each the treaty that limits conventional military of our nuclear weapons programs approxi- forces in Europe, the CFE, to reflect mately 50 tons of plutonium, enough to make changes in Europe since the treaty was literally thousands of nuclear devices. Once signed in 1990, with an aim to complete an converted, this plutonium can never again be adapted treaty by the 1999 summit of the used to make weapons that become lethal OSCE. in the wrong hands. Our experts will begin Finally, we discussed our common foreign meeting right away to finalize an implemen- policy agenda, including, first and foremost, tation plan by the end of this year. the need to continue to strengthen the peace I’d like to say in passing, I’m very grateful in Bosnia and to look for a peaceful solution for the support this initiative received in our in Kosovo, where the humanitarian situation Congress. We have four Members of Con- is now quite grave. We agreed that the Ser- gress here with us today, and I especially bian Government must stop all repressive ac- thank Senator Domenici for his interest in tions against civilian populations, allow relief this issue. organizations immediate and full access to Next let me say I look forward to and hope those in need, and pursue an interim settle- very much that the Russian Duma will ap- ment. prove START II, so that we can negotiate President Yeltsin and I also agree that Iraq a START III agreement that would cut our levels of arsenals down to one-fifth of cold must comply fully with all relevant U.N. Se- war levels. I think that would be good for curity Council resolutions imposed after the our mutual security and good for the Russian gulf war and, in particular, must agree to economy. allow the international weapons inspectors to In recent months Russia has taken impor- again pursue their mission without obstruc- tant steps to tighten its export controls on tion or delay. Far from advancing the day weapons of mass destruction and the missiles sanctions are lifted, Iraq’s most recent efforts to deliver them, and to penalize offenders. to undermine the inspectors will perpetuate This week Russia barred three companies sanctions, prevent Iraq from acquiring the from transactions with Iran. Today we agreed resources it needs to rebuild its military, and to intensify our cooperation by creating seven keep Iraq’s economy under tight inter- working groups on export controls to further national control.

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On energy and the environment, we reiter- activities, in what we do bilaterally. Of ated our commitment to the emissions re- course, that goes without saying. This is very ductions targets and the market-based mech- logical. anisms established at Kyoto to slow the dan- Now, in response to those skeptical ob- gerous process of global warming. We agreed servers who alleged, and continue to do so, that multiple pipeline routes were essential that they don’t believe, I’ve been always say- to bring energy from the Caspian to inter- ing no, on the contrary—we need to repeat national markets and to advance our common it—we do believe we do that in order to re- security and commercial interests. move the tension. And each time, having This has been a full agenda, a productive those meetings, we’ve been able to do some- summit. Again, let me say that I have great thing to alleviate the tension. This is what confidence that the people of this great na- really matters. We’ve been doing that, re- tion can move through this present difficult moving that tension. And this time again we moment to continue and complete the aston- have removed part of the tension one more ishing process of democratization and mod- time. ernization that I have been privileged to wit- President Clinton. Well, first of all, I ness at close hand over the last 51⁄2 years. think it’s important to answer your question Again, Mr. President, thank you for your of what happened from the point of view of hospitality. And I suppose we should answer the Russian people and then from the point a few questions. of view of the American people. Russian official. Now we will have a Q- You ask if we’re still friends. The answer and-A session, so the work will proceed in to that is yes. You ask if Russia and the the way that the U.S. and Russian press corps United States have a partnership. I think the could ask questions in turn. Using the privi- plain answer to that is yes, even though we lege of the host, I will give the floor to the don’t always agree on every issue. I can tell representatives of ORT television. you from my point of view this was a success- ful meeting on the national security issues, Summit Goals and Russia-U.S. Relations because I think establishing this early warn- Q. A question to both Presidents. Prior to ing information sharing is important and I meeting, many experts, politicians, and pub- know that the destruction of this huge vol- lic at large believed that your meeting is fu- ume of plutonium is important. And it also tile, nobody needs it, no results will be pro- might be important to the Russian economy. duced due to the known difficulties both in It can be an economic plus as well as a na- Russia and America. I understand now you’re tional security plus. trying to make the case it’s the other way Now, on the domestic economic issues, around, the situation is different. So what was from the point of view of America, it was the psychological atmosphere to your talks, important to me to come here just to say bearing in mind this disbelief in the success, to the President and to his team and to the this skeptical approach? Duma leaders I will see later and the Federa- And second, are we, Russia and U.S., part- tion Council leaders that I know this is a dif- ners right now or still contenders? And today, ficult time, but there is no shortcut to devel- bidding farewell, Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clin- oping a system that will have the confidence ton, are they still friends? of investors around the world. These are not Thank you. American rules or anybody else’s rules. These President Yeltsin. I will start with your are—in a global economy, you have to be last question. Yes, we stay friends and the able to get money in from outside your coun- atmosphere, since the beginning of the talks try and keep the money in your country in- until the end, was a friendly one. I would vested in your country. say it was very considerate, and there were And if the reform process can be com- no discontents during the talks that we had. pleted, then I for one would be strongly sup- And this brings my conclusion that since portive of greater assistance to Russia from we did not have any differences, in my opin- the United States and the other big economic ion, there will be no differences also in our powers, because I think we have a very strong

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vested interest in seeing an economically suc- President Clinton. Do you want me to cessful Russia that is a full partner across the go first? whole range of issues in the world. I also I think the answer to your question about think it’s good for preserving Russia’s democ- what we can do that’s best for our economy racy and freedom. is really twofold. The first thing we have to So, from my point of view, saying that we do is to do our very best to make the right support reform and saying we will support decisions at home. You know, we have to stay those who continue it was in itself a reason with the path of discipline that has brought to come. us this far in the last 51⁄2 years, and we have From Russia’s point of view, I think know- to make the investments and decisions that ing that the United States and others want we know will produce growth over the long to back this process and will do so, and at run for the American economy. Whether it’s least having someone else say, ‘‘There is a in education or science and technology, we light at the end of this tunnel; there is an have to do the things that send the signal end to this process; and it could come quickly that we understand how the world economy if these laws are passed in the Duma and works and we intend to do well in it. But the things that the President has asked for the most important thing is sticking with already are done and the decisions are made sound economic policy. well’’—I think that is worth something apart Now, in addition to that, it is important from the specific agreements that we have that more and more Americans, without re- made. gard to party, understand that we are in a But my answer to you is that in foreign global economy, and it’s been very good to policy and security, this meeting produced the United States over the last 51⁄2 years— something. Whether it produces real eco- about 30 percent of our growth has come nomic benefits for the people of Russia de- from exports—but that we at this particular pends upon what happens now in Russia. But moment in history, because of our relative at least everyone knows that we’re prepared economic strength, have an extra obligation to do our part and to support this process. to try to build a system for the 21st century President Yeltsin. I would like to add just where every person in every country who is for one second, please, just two words here. willing to work hard has a chance to get a We have put it on paper. We have decided just reward for it. to set up on the territory of Russia a joint And that means that we have to—in my center of control over the missile launches. opinion, that means that we have to continue For the first time this has been done. This to contribute our fair share to the Inter- is exceptionally important. national Monetary Fund. It means that we President Clinton. I agree with that. have to do everything we can to support our Press Secretary Mike McCurry. Our tra- friends in Russia who believe that we should dition, questions from our wire services. Ter- continue to reform. It means that Secretary ence Hunt of the Associated Press. Rubin’s upcoming meeting with the Finance Minister of Japan, former Prime Minister Miyazawa, is profoundly important. Unless Russian and American Economies Japan begins to grow again, it’s going to be Q. President Yeltsin, yesterday President difficult for Russia and other countries to do Clinton spoke of the painful steps that Russia what they need to do. It means, in short, that will have to take and the need to play by America must maintain a leadership role of the rules of international economics. What active involvement in trying to build an eco- difficult steps are you prepared to take? And nomic system that rewards people who do are you committed to play by these rules of the right thing. And that’s in our best inter- international economics? est. And to President Clinton, the world stock So I think this is a terribly important thing. market seems very fragile right now. How The volatility in the world markets, including can the United States withstand all these out- in our stock market, I think is to be expected side pressures? under these circumstances. The right thing

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to do is to try to restore growth in the econo- results of these talks, tell us please your be- mies of the world where there isn’t enough lief—what is the basis of your belief that our growth now and to continually examine country will get back to its feet and that Rus- whether the institutions we have for dealing sian-U.S. relations have promising prospects? with problems are adequate to meet the chal- Thank you. lenges of today and tomorrow. And we are President Clinton. Well, my belief that aggressively involved in both those activities. Russian-U.S. relations have promising pros- President Yeltsin. Naturally, we face pects has been supported by the agreements problems basically of our own. We have not we have made in the security and foreign been able to do many things over the past policy areas. My belief that Russia will get time when we started our reforms. And still back on its feet is based on my observation we need to conclude our reforms, to bring that in Russian history every time outsiders them to completion, and consequently to get counted the Russian people out, they turned results. out to be wrong. And this is a very big chal- We are not saying that we count solely on lenge, but, I mean, a country that rebuffed the support from outside. No. One more Napoleon and Hitler can surely adjust to the time, I will reiterate this: No. So let your realities of the global marketplace. mass media not spread the word to the effect Now, what has to be done? The reason that allegedly we would count solely on the I wanted to come here—and, to be fair, let support from the West, and to this end we me back up and say, I don’t think there are have gathered together here—by no means. many people in America who are afraid of What we need from the United States is po- Russia anymore. I think there are some peo- litical support to the effect that the United ple in America who question whether I States is in favor of reforms in Russia. This should come at this moment of great eco- is what we really need, and then all the inves- nomic and political tension for the country, tors who would like to come to the Russian but I don’t think it’s because they want some- reformed market will do so, will come with thing bad to happen to Russia. I think, by their investments. And this is what we really and large, the American people wish Russia need now. This is what is lacking, invest- well and want things to go well for Russia ments. This is first and foremost. and like the fact that we are partners in Bos- Certainly, we ought to fight our expendi- nia and that we’ve reduced our nuclear arse- tures pattern and mismanagement. This is nals so much and that we’ve reduced our de- the second issue which, to us, is one of the fense establishment and that we’ve found most important issues. And we have been other ways to cooperate, in space for exam- adopting, accordingly, the measures which ple. I think most Americans like this very, need to be taken, like we have adopted the very much. program of stabilization measures; in other So let me go back to the economic ques- words, those measures which will result in tion. I believe whether you succeed and how stabilization of our reforms. Stabilization— long it takes you to succeed in restoring real I believe that such measures and such a pro- growth to the Russian economy depends gram will work, promptly; over the coming upon President Yeltsin’s ability to persuade 2 years, it will produce results. the Duma to support his formation of a Gov- ernment which will pursue a path of reform Russia-U.S. Relations with a genuine sensitivity to the personal dis- Q. I’d like to pose a question to the Presi- location of the people who have been hurt. dent of the United States, Mr. Clinton. One And here’s where I think the World Bank gets the impression that some politicians in and other institutions can come in and per- the United States right now like to somehow haps help deal with some of the fallout, if frighten the people with Russia. On the other you will, of the reform process. hand, we are aware of the fact that you are But I think if other political forces in Rus- never afraid of Russia, yourself, and you did sia try to force the President to abandon re- everything possible so that people in the U.S. form in midstream or even reverse it, what would not be afraid of Russia. Now, on the I think will happen is even less money will

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come into Russia and even more economic been quite encouraged by what I think the hardship will result. I believe that because message from the American people has been that is, it seems to me, the unwavering expe- and what I know the message from leaders rience of every other country. around the world has been. And I’m going That does not mean you should not have to do my best to continue to go through this a social safety net. It does not mean you have personal process in an appropriate way but to make the same domestic decisions that the to do my job, to do the job I was hired to United States or Great Britain or France or do. And I think it very much needs to be Sweden or any other country has made. You done right now. have to form your own relationship with this new economic reality. But I still believe that Russia and NATO Expansion unless there is a manifest commitment to re- Q. Boris Nikolayevich, this question has form, the economy will not get better. to do with the relationship between Russia So I support President Yeltsin’s commit- and NATO. I understand you had time to ment in that regard. And I think—my convic- discuss this issue with the U.S. President. It’s tion that it will get better is based on my known that the next NATO summit will take reading of your history. How long it will take place in Washington, where important deci- to get better depends a lot more on you and sions will be taken regarding the European what happens here than anything else we security architecture. How do you think this outsiders can do, although if there is a clear relation should evolve in the future? movement toward reform, I’ll do everything President Yeltsin. Yes, we have discussed I can to accelerate outside support of all with President Clinton the question concern- kinds. ing the relationship between Russia and Press Secretary McCurry. Lori Santos, NATO. We’re not running away from the po- United Press International. sition which has been that we are against NATO expanding eastward. We believe this President’s Effectiveness is a blunder, a big mistake, and one day this Q. Sir, you were just speaking of the chal- will be a historic error. lenges that we face as a nation. And what Therefore, at this point in time, what we has the reaction since your admission of a necessarily would like to do is to improve relationship with Ms. Lewinsky caused you relations so that there be no confrontation. any—given you any cause for concern that Therefore, we have signed an agreement be- you may not be as effective as you should tween Russia and NATO. And in accordance be in leading the country? with that agreement we want to do our job. President Clinton. No, I’ve actually been However, no way shall we allow anybody to quite heartened by the reaction of the Amer- transgress that agreement, bypass that agree- ican people and leaders throughout the world ment, or generally speaking, put aside it. No, about it. I have acknowledged that I made this will not happen. a mistake, said that I regretted it, asked to And naturally, we shall participate in the be forgiven, spent a lot of very valuable time Warsaw meeting, and there we shall very with my family in the last couple of weeks, closely follow the vector of NATO and what and said I was going back to work. I believe they intend to do in regards to, so to say, that’s what the American people want me to deploying their forces and their power. do. And based on my conversations with We still are in favor of being cautious with leaders around the world, I think that’s what regards to NATO. We don’t have any inten- they want me to do, and that is what I intend tions to move towards the west, ourselves. to do. We don’t intend to create additional forces. As you can see from what we’re discussing We’re not doing that, and we’re not planning here, there are very large issues that will af- to do that. This is what really matters. fect the future of the American people in President Clinton. I would like to say one the short run and over the long run. There word about that. We obviously, President are large issues that have to be dealt with Yeltsin and I, have a disagreement about now in the world and at home. And so I have whether it was appropriate for NATO to take

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on new members or not. But I think there does that mean you’re prepared to dissolve is a larger reality here where we are in agree- the Duma if they refuse to confirm him? ment, and I would like to emphasize it. And Mr. President, another Lewinsky Russia has made historic commitments in question. You know, there have been some the last few years to essentially redefine its who have expressed disappointment that you greatness, not in terms of the territorial didn’t offer a formal apology the other night dominance of its neighbors but, instead, of when you spoke to the American people. Are constructive leadership in the region and in you—do you feel you need to offer an apol- the world. The expansion of NATO, there- ogy? And in retrospect now, with some dis- fore, should be seen primarily as nations in- tance, do you have any feeling that perhaps terested in working together to deal with the tone of your speech was something that common security problems, not to be ready didn’t quite convey the feelings that you had, to repel expected invasions. particularly your comments in regard to Mr. And if you look at what the NATO mem- Starr? bers will be discussing next year, they’re talk- President Yeltsin. Well, I must say, we ing about how they can deal with regional will witness quite a few events for us to be security challenges, like in Bosnia and able to achieve all those results. That’s all. Kosovo—both of which—one of which we [Laughter] would never—we would not have solved the President Clinton. That ought to be my Bosnia war, or ended it, had it not been for answer, too. That was pretty good. [Laugh- the leadership of Russia and the partnership ter] between NATO and Russia. It simply would Well, to your second question, I think I not have happened in the way it did, in a can almost reiterate what I said in response way that reinforced harmony in the region. to the first question. I think the question of Similarly, we have got to work together in the tone of the speech and people’s reaction Kosovo to prevent another Bosnia from oc- to it is really a function of—I can’t comment curring. on that. I read it the other day again, and If we have problems with terrorism or with I thought it was clear that I was expressing the spread of chemical or biological weapons, my profound regret to all who were hurt and they will be problems we all have in common. to all who were involved, and my desire not That’s why you have two dozen nations that to see any more people hurt by this process are not NATO members a part of our Part- and caught up in it. And I was commenting nership For Peace, because they know that that it seemed to be something that most rea- nation-states in the future are going to have sonable people would think had consumed common security problems and they will be a disproportionate amount of America’s time, stronger if they work together. money, and resources and attention and was And that’s why I was especially proud of now—continued to involve more and more the charter that Russia and NATO signed. people. And that’s what I tried to say. I intend to honor it. I intend to build on And all I wanted to say was I believe it’s it. And I hope that within a few years we’ll time for us to now go back to the work of see that this partnership is a good thing and the country and give the people their Gov- continues to be a good thing and brings us ernment back and talk about and think about closer together rather than driving us apart. and work on things that will affect the Amer- ican people today and in the future. That’s Press Secretary McCurry. Larry all I meant to say, and that’s what I believe, McQuillan, Reuters. and that’s what I intend to do.

Russia’s Political Situation/President’s NOTE: The President’s 163d news conference August 17 Address began at 1:17 p.m. in the Catherine Hall at the Kremlin. President Yeltsin spoke in Russian, and Q. President Yeltsin, do you see any cir- his remarks were translated by an interpreter. In cumstance in which you could accept some- their remarks, the Presidents referred to Finance one other than Mr. Chernomyrdin to be your Minister Kiichi Miyazawa of Japan; Prime Min- Prime Minister? And if you can’t accept that, ister-designate Viktor Chernomyrdin of Russia;

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and the Organization on Security and Cooperation vent of winter. The scope and acuteness of in Europe (OSCE). A tape was not available for the problem call for urgent joint actions of verification of the translation of President Yeltsin’s the authorities in Belgrade, the Kosovo Alba- remarks. nians, and international humanitarian organi- zations. Constant international monitoring in Joint Statement on the Situation in the field, accompanied both by progressive Kosovo withdrawal of Serb security forces to their September 2, 1998 permanent locations, and the cessation of armed actions by the Kosovo Albanians, are The Presidents of the United States and needed to inspire confidence among people the Russian Federation noted with concern in their safety and prospects for restoring that the situation in Kosovo continues to de- normal life. A mechanism for creating favor- teriorate, causing growing alarm among the able conditions in the most heavily affected world public about the growing negative con- locations in the province—a series of ‘‘pilot sequences for regional stability. Despite ex- projects’’—should be set in motion imme- tensive attempts of the Contact Group, diately. The Serb authorities should imple- OSCE, and other international institutions, ment in practice unimpeded access to all there has not yet been success in achieving areas of the province for humanitarian orga- an end to the armed clashes and senseless nizations and diplomatic observers. bloodshed and in initiating serious and mean- The cessation of violence and amelioration ingful negotiations between the authorities in of the humanitarian situation would facilitate Belgrade and leaders of Kosovo Albanians the creation of a favorable environment for that would make it possible to agree prompt- progress in the negotiating process over the ly on measures to build confidence and secu- entire range of issues. President Milos˘evic´ rity in the province as an interim step on and all Kosovo Albanian leaders should en- the way to a final settlement of the Kosovo gage actively in the negotiating process, with problem including the definition of the status a view toward achieving a political solution of enhanced Kosovo self-government with to the crisis and a framework for durable strict respect for the territorial integrity of peace in Kosovo. the FRY. Moscow The escalation of tension in Kosovo inflicts September 2, 1998 heavy suffering on innocent civilians. Over 200,000 people were forced to leave their NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- homes as the result of armed clashes. The tion of the content of this joint statement. situation is aggravated by large-scale destruc- tion of houses, food shortages, and the risk of epidemic disease. The threat of humani- Joint Statement on a Protocol to the tarian catastrophe is becoming ever more Convention on the Prohibition of real. Biological Weapons Slobodan Milos˘evic´, as President of the September 2, 1998 FRY, must order a halt to all repressive ac- tions against the civilian population in The Presidents of the United States and Kosovo. All violence by all Kosovo Albanian the Russian Federation, recognizing the armed groups must cease immediately. Presi- threat posed by biological weapons, express dent Milos˘evic´ and the Kosovo Albanian strong support for the aims and tasks of the leadership must intensify the negotiating Ad Hoc Group of States Parties to establish process. a regime to enhance the effective implemen- Urgent measures should be taken prompt- tation of the 1972 Convention on the Prohi- ly to prevent humanitarian catastrophe in bition of the Development, Production, and Kosovo. Necessary conditions should be cre- Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) ated without delay for the refugees and dis- and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruc- placed persons to return freely to the places tion. We urge the further intensification and of their permanent residence before the ad- successful conclusion of those negotiations to

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strengthen the Convention by adoption of a United States and the President of the Rus- legally binding Protocol at the earliest pos- sian Federation have reached agreement on sible date. a cooperative initiative between the United We have agreed to contribute to accom- States and Russia regarding the exchange of plishing these tasks. Consequently, the information on missile launches and early United States of America and the Russian warning. Federation will make additional efforts in the The objective of the initiative is the contin- Ad Hoc Group to promote decisive progress uous exchange of information on the in negotiations on the Protocol to the Con- launches of ballistic missiles and space vention, to ensure its universality and enable launch vehicles derived from each side’s mis- the Group to fulfill its mandate. sile launch warning system, including the We agree that the Protocol to the Conven- possible establishment of a center for the ex- tion must be economical to implement, must change of missile launch data operated by adequately guarantee the protection of na- the United States and Russia and separate tional security information, and must provide from their respective national centers. As confidentiality for sensitive commercial in- part of this initiative, the United States and formation. We also consider it extremely im- Russia will also examine the possibility of es- portant to create a mechanism for implemen- tablishing a multilateral ballistic missile and tation that will be consistent with the scope space launch vehicle pre-launch notification of the measures provided for in the Protocol. regime in which other states could volun- We recognize the necessity for the Proto- tarily participate. col to include those measures that would do The Presidents have directed their experts the most to strengthen the Convention. to develop as quickly as possible for approval We express our firm commitment to global in their respective countries a plan for ad- prohibition of biological weapons and for full vancing this initiative toward implementation and effective compliance by all States Parties as soon as practicable. with the Convention prohibiting such weap- Russia, proceeding from its international ons. obligations relating to information derived We support the language in the Final Dec- from missile attack warning systems, will laration of the Fourth Review Conference of reach agreement regarding necessary issues the States Parties to the Convention (1996) relating to the implementation of this initia- that the Convention forbids the use of bac- tive. teriological (biological) and toxin weapons The President of the The President of the under any circumstances. United States of America: Russian Federation: Moscow William J. Clinton Boris Yeltsin September 2, 1998 Moscow NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- September 2, 1998 tion of the content of this joint statement. NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- tion of the content of this joint statement. Joint Statement on the Exchange of Information on Missile Launches and Early Warning Joint Statement on Trade, September 2, 1998 Investment, Technology, and Non-Governmental Cooperation Taking into account the continuing world- September 2, 1998 wide proliferation of ballistic missiles and of missile technologies, the need to minimize We, the Presidents of the United States even further the consequences of a false mis- of America and the Russian Federation, set sile attack warning and above all, to prevent priorities to deepen our trade, investment, the possibility of a missile launch caused by technological and non-governmental co- such false warning, the President of the operation. We reviewed the key role the

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U.S.-Russian Commission on Economic and Space-related industries in both countries Technological Cooperation has played in are poised for rapid growth and can revolu- strengthening the bilateral relations between tionize communications and high-technology our two countries. We agreed to take the fol- industries across the globe. U.S.-Russian lowing actions, which help build investor and commercial space ventures are already gen- consumer confidence, and have charged the erating thousands of high-tech jobs in the co-chairmen of the Commission to oversee U.S. and Russia, with projected revenues in their implementation: the billions of dollars. We reaffirmed the • Promote, under the auspices of the need to meet our respective commitments U.S.-Russian Business Development to the International Space Station to con- Committee, the further strengthening tinue advance in space that benefit our peo- of bilateral trade and investment flows ple. We recognized the importance of pro- by working together to support coopera- tecting U.S. and Russian sensitive tech- tive projects between U.S. and Russian nologies in our commercial and govern- business, to reduce remaining barriers mental joint space efforts and instructed our to market access, to strengthen the rule experts to continue to work together in this of law in business, and to increase the area. dialog on commercial taxation, stand- Cooperation in the energy field has un- ards, and customs matters. precedented possibilities for attracting in- • Extend technical exchanges between vestment and creating jobs, and ensuring sus- the U.S. Federal Reserve System and tained growth in Russia. Such cooperation the Bank of Russia, and arrange for will be enhanced as legislation on production technical exchanges with the Comptrol- sharing is implemented fully, harmonized ler of the Currency and Federal Deposit with the tax code, and applied to the develop- Insurance Corporation. ment of new oil and gas fields. We recognize • Extend cooperation between the U.S. the importance of commercially viable and Securities and Exchange Commission environmentally sound multiple pipeline sys- and the Russian Federal Commission tem for the transportation of energy re- for the Securities Markets in order to sources of the Caspian Basin to international develop and implement sound, effective markets. We encourage U.S. and Russian regulatory policies. companies to expand their work together on • Intensify technical cooperation between these and other energy projects. the U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S.-Russian cooperation in the field of Russian Ministry of Finance and the civil aviation can lead to a change in the char- Bank of Russia on issues pertaining to acter of global transportation in the 21st Cen- strengthening the financial sector. tury. We note the progress that has been • Facilitate the development of the small achieved on a bilateral agreement to enhance and medium business sector, including air transportation between our two countries, through U.S. and Russian experts work- and underline the importance of additional ing at the regional and local levels to efforts to conclude negotiations. We recog- develop business management skills, to nize the great value of the new bilateral increase the access of small and me- agreements on enhancing flight safety signed dium business to finance, and to sup- today. We welcome the cooperation among port exchanges of U.S. and Russian en- the United States, Russia, and the Inter- trepreneurs. national Civil Aviation Organization in devel- We discussed Russia’s current trade and oping safe, efficient, and cost-effective access investment priorities. In this regard, we dis- to air traffic control services, recognizing the cussed Russia’s desire to be designated as a importance of this endeavor for global avia- ‘‘market economy’’ for purposes of U.S. trade tion. laws. The Russian side will submit a memo- Our countries are aware of our important randum of justification to the U.S. Depart- role in helping to protect the global environ- ment of Commerce to initiate a review proc- ment. We agreed to continue working to- ess. gether on the problem of greenhouse gas

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emissions. The United States and Russia reit- Joint Statement on Common Security erate their commitments to achieving the Challenges at the Threshold of the emissions targets agreed to at Kyoto. We will Twenty-First Century cooperate on efforts to establish a broad- based, unrestricted emissions trading system September 2, 1998 that is both environmentally and economi- We, the Presidents of the United States cally successful. The United States and Rus- of America and of the Russian Federation, sia intend to use the Kyoto protocol’s flexible, declare that cooperation between the U.S. market-based mechanisms, particularly emis- and Russia will be of the greatest import in sions trading. the twenty-first century for promoting pros- We note with satisfaction the progress perity and strengthening security throughout achieved in integrating Russia into inter- the world. In this connection, we reaffirm national economic and financial structures, that the United States of America and the especially in regard to the G–8, the Paris club Russian Federation are natural partners in and APEC. We tasked our experts with in- advancing international peace and stability. tensifying their work on Russia’s accession We have devoted particular attention to in- to the World Trade Organization and the Or- tensifying joint efforts to eliminate threats in- ganization for Economic Cooperation and herited from the Cold War and to meet com- Development. mon security challenges at the threshold of We support the strong non-governmental the twenty-first century. ties that have developed between our citi- We understand that the most serious and zens. Cooperation between U.S. and Russian pressing danger is the proliferation of nu- hospitals, universities, community, human clear, biological, chemical, and other types rights and other organizations is rapidly ex- of weapons of mass destruction, the tech- panding. Thousands of U.S. and Russian citi- nologies for their production, and their zens and communities, throughout all 89 means of delivery. Given the increasing inter- Russian regions and each of the 50 United dependence of the modern world, these States, are now involved in these contacts. threats are becoming transnational and glob- From science and business to the arts and al in scope; they affect not only the national religion, we are committed to sustaining, ex- security of the United States and the Russian panding, and developing these contacts in all Federation, but also international stability. their diversity. In this spirit, we announced We reaffirm the determination of the U.S. a new joint fellowship program for young and Russia to cooperate actively and closely Americans and Russians committed to public with each other, as well as with all other in- service, providing an opportunity for future terested countries, to avert and reduce this leaders from our two countries to learn about threat by taking new steps, seeking new forms of collaboration, and strengthening our societies during university-level aca- generally recognized international norms. demic study and professional internships. We recognize that more must be done and These new, non-governmental, people-to- today we have taken a number of steps to people relationships are the foundations for enhance not only our security, but global se- ensuring prosperity and a better understand- curity as well. We are declaring our firm ing between our countries that will take us commitment to intensifying negotiations to- into the next century. ward early completion of the Biological Moscow Weapons Convention Protocol. We are em- barking on new and important cooperation September 2, 1998 to further lessen the risks of false warnings of missile attacks. And, we have agreed on NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- principles to guide our cooperation in the tion of the content of this joint statement. management and disposition of plutonium

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from nuclear weapons programs so that it can are no longer needed for defense purposes. never again be used in a nuclear weapon. They remain committed to providing the Common commitments have made the maximum degree of security and account- U.S. and Russia partners in developing the ability for these and other stockpiles of weap- foundations of an international non-prolifera- ons-grade fissile materials and reaffirm the tion regime, including the Treaty on the importance of implementing the U.S. Vice Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, President’s and Russian Prime Minister’s July IAEA safeguards, the Convention on Biologi- 1998 Agreement on Scientific and Technical cal and Toxin Weapons, and the Comprehen- Cooperation in the Management of Pluto- sive Test Ban Treaty. Russia and the U.S. nium that has been Withdrawn from Nuclear reaffirm their commitment to the goal of hav- Military Programs. ing all countries accede to the Treaty on the We reaffirm our commitment to further Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in its cooperation on export controls as an essential present form, without amendments. They are part of ensuring non-proliferation. Our gov- also committed to the strengthened guide- ernments recently created an additional lines of the Nuclear Suppliers Group. As par- mechanism for cooperation in the field of ex- ticipants in the Conference on Disarmament, ports of sensitive technology. To this end, at they jointly achieved success in the negotia- our meeting today we agreed to establish ex- tions of the Chemical Weapons Convention pert groups on nuclear matters, missile and and of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, space technology, catch-all and internal com- and call upon all countries to accede to these pliance, conventional weapons transfers con- treaties. Guided by these obligations, they trols, as well as law enforcement, customs have taken substantial practical steps to re- matters, and licensing in order to enhance duce the global nuclear threat and control cooperation and to implement specific bilat- transfers of sensitive technology. They re- eral assistance and cooperative projects. main deeply concerned about the nuclear These groups will be formed within the next tests in South Asia and reaffirm U.S. and month and begin practical activities without Russian commitments to coordinate closely delay. A protected communications channel support for all steps set forth in the Joint between senior officials of both countries has Communique´ of the ‘‘P–5’’, as endorsed by also been established, which will ensure the the G–8 and the UN Security Council. rapid and confidential exchange of informa- The START Treaty and Presidents’ nu- tion on non-proliferation matters. clear arms reduction initiatives in 1991–92 We reaffirmed the importance of the Con- will help to ensure the ultimate goal of nu- ventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) clear disarmament and enhance international Treaty and its fundamental contribution to security. We have together eliminated more stability, predictability and cooperation in than 1,700 heavy bombers and missile Europe. As we work together to build a more launchers, including more than 700 launch integrated and secure Europe, we are com- silos, 45 submarines capable of launching nu- mitted to accelerating the negotiations to clear missiles, and deactivated or eliminated adapt the Treaty to changing circumstances. more than 18,000 strategic and tactical nu- We consider it necessary to complete work clear warheads. Reaffirming our commit- on adapting the Treaty in the nearest future. ment to strict compliance with our obliga- We reaffirm our commitment to comply with tions under the START I and ABM Treaties, the Treaty’s provisions during the process of we declare our resolve to collaborate in expe- its adaptation. diting the entry into force of the START II The U.S. and Russia remain committed to Treaty. Immediately after Russian ratifica- jointly building an enduring peace based tion of START II, the U.S. and Russia will upon the principles of democracy and the begin negotiations regarding lower levels indivisibility of security. They reaffirm the within the framework of a START III Treaty. common objective of strengthening security As a result of significant reductions in their and stability in the interest of all countries, nuclear forces, the United States and Russia and combating aggressive nationalism and have large stockpiles of nuclear materials that preventing abuses of human rights. They will

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consult with each other and strive to cooper- hosting of a G–8 transnational crime con- ate in averting and settling conflicts and in ference at the ministerial level in Moscow crisis management. In this regard, we attach in 1999. great importance to operational military co- We recognize the importance of promot- operation, in both bilateral and multilateral ing the positive aspects and mitigating the settings, between the armed forces of the negative aspects of the information tech- U.S. and Russia. We are pleased to note that nology revolution now taking place, which is definite progress has been achieved in the a serious challenge to ensuring the future area of defense cooperation, particularly in strategic security interests of our two coun- strengthening nuclear security and in imple- tries. As part of the efforts to resolve these mentation of the Cooperative Threat Reduc- problems the U.S. and Russia have already tion Program. held productive discussions within the frame- We recognize that the soundness of an in- work of the Defense Consultative Group on creasingly interdependent world financial resolving the potential Year 2000 computer and economic system affects the well-being problem. The U.S. and Russia are committed of people in all countries. We agree on the to continuing consultations and to studying importance to the international community the wider consequences of this computer of the success of economic and structural re- problem in order to resolve issues of mutual form in Russia. interest and concern. Strengthening environmental protection in We declare that the common security chal- the 21st century is imperative in order to pro- lenges on the threshold of the twenty-first tect natural systems on which humanity de- century can be met only by consistently mo- pends. Russia and the U.S. will work together bilizing the efforts of the entire international to resolve the global climate problem, to pre- community. All available resources must be serve the ozone layer, to conserve biodiver- utilized to do so. In the event that it is nec- sity, and to ensure the sustainable manage- essary, the world community must promptly ment of forests and other natural resources. take effective measures to counter such We underscored the necessity of deepening threats. The U.S. and Russia will continue broad based international and bilateral co- to play a leadership role bilaterally and multi- operation in this area. laterally to advance common objectives in the We declare that terrorism in all its forms area of security. and manifestations, irrespective of its mo- The President of the The President of the tives, is utterly unacceptable. The U.S. and United States of America: Russian Federation: Russia harshly condemn the recent terrorist bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. At our William J. Clinton Boris Yeltsin meeting today we agreed on a series of ac- Moscow tions that respond to this growing scourge. September 2, 1998 We agreed to intensify joint efforts to counteract the transnational threats to our economies and security, including those NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- tion of the content of this joint statement. posed by organized crime, the narcotics trade, the illegal arms trade, computer and other high-technology crime, and money laundering. We agreed to establish a bilateral Memorandum of Understanding law enforcement working group that will Between the United States of meet on a regular basis, and we agreed to America and Russian Federation on step up law enforcement efforts and improve Cooperation in the Field of Civil the public information system to eradicate Aircraft Accident/Incident trafficking in women and children. We Investigation and Prevention agreed that the United States and Russia will September 2, 1998 take an active part in working out an effective UN convention to combat transnational The Government of the United States of organised crime. We welcome Russia’s America and the Government of the Russian

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Federation, hereinafter referred to as the behalf of and on instructions of the Govern- Parties, ment of the Russian Federation; Desiring to promote civil aviation safety The Federal Aviation authority of Russia and accident prevention, (FAAR), a specially authorized body in the Recognizing the mutual benefit of im- area of prevention of aircraft accidents and proved procedures for the investigation and investigation of incidents with civil aircraft reporting of the facts, conditions, and cir- that shall act on behalf of and on instructions cumstances of civil aviation accidents/inci- of the Government of the Russian Federa- dents, tion. Recognizing the many mutual aviation 3. Aircraft accident and incident investiga- safety benefits that have been realized tions shall be carried out in accordance with through cooperation in accident/incident in- the Convention on International Civil Avia- vestigation and prevention under the aus- tion (Chicago Convention of 1944) and pices of the Working Group on Accident In- Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention of 1944. vestigation, pursuant to cooperative agree- Pursuant to Annex 13, the following authori- ments between the United States and Russia; ties shall be responsible for instituting and and, conducting the accident/incident investiga- Recognizing the February 5, 1997, joint tion under the following circumstances: statement of the U.S.-Russian Commission The NTSB shall have primary responsibil- on Economic and Technological Cooperation ity in the event of any aircraft accident/inci- indicating that the Parties intend to develop dent occurring on the territory of the U.S. bilateral cooperation in the field of civil avia- tion, involving a Russian-operated or -registered Have agreed as follows: aircraft or an accident/incident occurring in 1. The Parties shall take measures to the U.S. involving an aircraft or aircraft en- strengthen cooperation on civil aircraft acci- gine of Russian design or manufacture. The dent/incident investigation and prevention. FAA shall participate in the NTSB investiga- Cooperation may include, but is not limited tion. The NTSB shall also have responsibility to: for providing the U.S.-accredited representa- a. Assistance and exchange of tech- tive to investigations of accidents/incidents niques for the investigation and pre- occurring on the territory of the Russian vention of civil aircraft accidents and Federation involving a U.S.-operated or -reg- incidents. istered aircraft or an accident/incident occur- b. Exchange of accident/incident inves- ring in the Russian Federation involving an tigation and prevention data. aircraft or aircraft engine of U.S. design or c. Assistance and exchange of informa- manufacture. The FAA shall participate as tion on issues related to accident/inci- an advisor to the NTSB accredited represent- dent investigation and prevention ative. within the competence of the Inter- The IAC shall have primary responsibility national Civil Aviation Organization. in the event of any aircraft accident occurring 2. Competent Authorities responsible for on the territory of the Russian Federation implementation of this Memorandum of Un- involving a U.S.-operated or -registered air- derstanding (MOU) are: craft or an accident occurring in the Russian For the Government of the United States Federation involving an aircraft or aircraft of America—The National Transportation engine of U.S. design or manufacture. The Safety Board (NTSB), with support and par- IAC shall also have responsibility for provid- ticipation of the Federal Aviation Adminis- ing the Russia-accredited representative to tration. investigations of accidents occurring on the For the Government of the Russian Fed- territory of U.S. involving a Russia-operated eration: or -registered aircraft or an accident/incident The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC), occurring in U.S. involving an aircraft or air- a specially authorized body in the area of air- craft engine of Russian design or manufac- craft accident investigation that shall act on ture.

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The FAAR shall have primary responsibil- Memorandum of Understanding ity in the event of any aircraft incident occur- Between the United States of ring on the territory of the Russian Federa- America and Russian Federation on tion involving a U.S.-operated or -registered the Principles of Cooperation in the aircraft or an incident occurring in the Rus- Fields of Culture, the Humanities, sian Federation involving an aircraft or air- the Social Sciences, Education, and craft engine of U.S. design or manufacture. The FAAR shall also have responsibility for the Mass Media providing the Russia-accredited representa- September 2, 1998 tive to investigations of incidents occurring on the territory of U.S. involving a Russia- The Government of the United States of operated or -registered aircraft. America and the Government of the Russian 4. The Parties shall take steps to establish Federation (hereinafter referred to as ‘‘the mutual confidence in each other’s civil air- Participants’’); craft accident/incident investigation and pre- Desiring to enhance mutual understand- vention system, and shall cooperate to im- ing and strengthen the friendly relations be- prove those systems. tween the peoples of the United States of 5. The Parties shall implement this MOU America and the Russian Federation; in accordance with their respective national Believing that further development of co- laws and regulations and in accordance with operation on the basis of equality and mutual the rules and principles of international law. benefit will facilitate attainment of these ob- Security and confidentiality of data, espe- jectives; cially proprietary documents, are subject to Reaffirming the enduring validity of the the respective national laws and regulations principle of compliance with the inter- of both Parties. national norms governing rights to intellec- 6. The Competent Authorities shall con- tual property; tinue participation in the Working Group on Guided By the provisions of the Charter Accident Investigation, and prepare rec- for American-Russian Partnership and ommendations in the optimum working rela- Friendship signed at Washington on June 17, tionship among the Competent Authorities 1992; and of the Parties. Declaring their intent to encourage direct 7. This MOU shall enter into force upon ties between the citizens and appropriate in- signature and shall remain in force until ter- stitutions of the United States of America minated by six (6) months’ written notice and the Russian Federation, as well as be- from one Party to the other Party. tween the U.S. and Russian non-govern- In Witness Whereof, the undersigned, mental institutions, in the fields of culture being duly authorized by their respective the humanities, the social sciences, edu- Governments, have signed the Memoran- cation, and the mass media; dum of Understanding. Have reached mutual understanding that: Done at Moscow, this second day of Sep- 1. The Participants intend to promote the tember, 1998, in duplicate, in the English strengthening of mutual cooperation in the and Russian languages, each text being fields of culture, the humanities, the social equally authentic. sciences, education, archival science, and the mass media. For the Government of For the Government of 2. The Participants intend to encourage the the United States of America: Russian Federation: the development of cultural exchanges in order to promote better understanding of William J. Clinton Boris Yeltsin each other’s culture, particularly through: • organization of theatrical performances NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- and art exhibitions; tion of the content of this memorandum.

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• dissemination of instructional materials, tions on specific aspects of the development books, periodicals, scholarly publica- of cultural cooperation. Matters relating to tions, radio and television progams, this will be coordinated through diplomatic films, and other audiovisual materials; channels. • organization of lectures, seminars, and 12. In matters pertaining to cooperation joint scholarly research; and in the fields of culture, the humanities, the • participation in other activities in the social sciences, education, and the mass fields of culture and art carried out in media, the Participants intend to be guided the United States of America and the by this Memorandum in accordance with the Russian Federation. laws and regulations of the United States of 3. The Paticipants intend to facilitate the America and the Russian Federation and in establishment of contacts between interested accordance with the principles and norms of governmental and non-governmental organi- international law, beginning on the date of zations in order to develop programs and its signature and until such time as either joint projects in fields of mutual interest that Participant informs the other in writing to help strengthen bilateral ties. the contrary. 4. The Participants plan to encourage The provisions of this Memorandum do scholarly research in the fields of culture, the not affect other active projects or programs. humanities, and education conducted by ap- Signed at Moscow, this second day of Sep- propriate academic institutions in the two tember, 1998, in duplicate, each in the countries. English and Russian languages. 5. The Participants intend to provide as- sistance in the study of the Russian and For the Government of For the Government of English languages in the United States of the the America and the Russian Federation, respec- United States of America: Russian Federation: tively. William J. Clinton Boris Yeltsin 6. The Participants intend to facilitate the reciprocal sending of pupils, undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and scholars NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- for instruction and scholarly research, as well tion of the content of this memorandum. as high school teachers to work as interns and give lectures. 7. The Participants intend to encourage Agreement Between the United the development of contacts between librar- States of America and the Russian ies and archives in order to provide wider Federation for Promotion of Aviation access to the information available in them. Safety 8. The Participants intend to facilitate ex- changes and contacts between journalists, September 2, 1998 publishers, and mass media associations. 9. The Participants intend to encourage The Government of the United States of contacts and cooperation between youth, America and the Government of the Russian women’s, and other non-governmental orga- Federation, hereinafter referred to as the nizations in the two countries. Contracting Parties, 10. The activities set forth in this Memo- Desiring to promote civil aviation safety randum may be carried out in the form of and environmental quality, joint projects or individual programs of ap- Noting common concerns for the safe op- propriate governmental or non-governmental eration of civil aircraft, organizations in the United States of America Recognizing the emerging trend toward and the Russian Federation. multinational design, production, and inter- 11. The Participants plan for their rep- change of civil aeronautical products, resentatives to meet as necessary or at the Desiring to enhance cooperation and in- request of either Participant to exchange crease efficiency in matters relating to civil views and also to formulate recommenda- aviation safety,

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Considering the possible reduction of the carrying out the provisions of this Agree- economic burden imposed on the aviation in- ment, the IAC shall act under the authority dustry and operators by redundant technical and on behalf of the Government of the Rus- inspections, evaluations, and testing, sian Federation. Recognizing the mutual benefit of im- proved procedures for the reciprocal accept- Article II ance of airworthiness approvals, environ- mental testing, and development of recip- For the purposes of this Agreement, the rocal recognition procedures for approval terms below have the following meaning: and monitoring of flight simulators, aircraft A. ‘‘Airworthiness approval’’ means a find- maintenance facilities, maintenance person- ing that the type design or change to a type nel, airmen, and flight operations, design of a civil aeronautical product meets Have agreed as follows: standards agreed between the Contracting Parties or that a product conforms to a type Article I design that has been found to meet those A. To facilitate acceptance by each Con- standards, and is in a condition for safe oper- tracting Party of the other Contracting Par- ation. ty’s (a) airworthiness approvals and environ- B. ‘‘Alterations or modifications’’ means mental testing and approval of civil aero- making a change to the construction, con- nautical products, and (b) qualification eval- figuration, performance, environmental char- uations of flight simulators. acteristics, or operating limitations of the af- B. To facilitate acceptance by each Con- fected civil aeronautical product. tracting Party of the approvals and monitor- C. ‘‘Approval of flight operations’’ means ing of maintenance facilities and alteration the technical inspections and evaluations or modification facilities, maintenance per- conducted by a Contracting Party, using sonnel, airmen, aviation training establish- standards agreed between the Contracting ments, and flight operations of the other Parties, of an entity providing commercial air Contracting Party. transportation of passengers or cargo, or the C. To provide for cooperation in sustaining finding that the entity complies with those an equivalent level of safety and environ- standards. mental objectives with respect to aviation D. ‘‘Civil aeronautical product’’ means any safety. civil aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller or D. Each Contracting Party shall designate subassembly, appliance, material, part, or the appropriate authorities as its executive component to be installed thereon. agent(s) to implement this Agreement. For the Government of the United States E. ‘‘Environmental approval’’ means a of America, the executive agent shall be the finding that a civil aeronautical product com- Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of plies with standards agreed between the the Department of Transportation. Contracting Parties concerning noise and/or For the Government of the Russian Fed- exhaust emissions. ‘‘Environmental testing’’ eration, the executive agent shall be the means a process by which a civil aeronautical Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) for type product is evaluated for compliance with design approval, initial airworthiness approv- those standards, using procedures agreed be- als, environmental approval, and environ- tween the Contracting Parties. mental testing of civil aeronautical products; F. ‘‘Flight simulator qualification evalua- and the Federal Aviation Authority of Russia tions’’ means the process by which a flight (FAAR) for approval of maintenance facili- simulator is assessed by comparison to the ties, maintenance personnel, and airmen; ap- aircraft it simulates, in accordance with proval of flight operations; qualification eval- standards agreed between the Contracting uation of flight simulators; approval of avia- Parties, or the finding that it complies with tion training establishments; and continuing those standards. in-service airworthiness issues related to civil G. ‘‘Maintenance’’ means the performance aeronautical products. For the purpose of of inspection, overhaul, repair, preservation,

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and the replacement of parts, materials, ap- 5. Provisions for mutual cooperation and pliances, or components of a product to as- technical assistance; sure the continued airworthiness of that 6. Provisions for periodic evaluations; product, but excludes alterations of modifica- and tions. 7. Provisions for amendments to or ter- H. ‘‘Monitoring’’ means the periodic sur- mination of the Implementation Pro- veillance by a Contracting Party’s appropriate cedures. executive agent to determine continuing compliance with the appropriate standards. Article IV Any disagreement regarding the interpre- Article III tation or application of this Agreement or its A. The Contracting Parties’ appropriate Implementation Procedures shall be resolved executive agents shall conduct technical as- by consultation between the Contracting Par- sessments and work cooperatively to develop ties or their appropriate executive agents, re- an understanding of each other’s standards spectively. and systems in the following areas: 1. Airworthiness approvals of civil aero- Article V nautical products; This Agreement shall enter into force 2. Environmental approval and environ- upon signature and shall remain in force until mental testing; terminated by sixty (60) days’ written notice 3. Approval of maintenance facilities, al- from one Contracting Party to the other Con- teration or modification facilities, tracting Party. Such termination shall also act maintenance personnel, and airmen; to terminate all existing Implementation Pro- 4. Approval of flight operations; cedures executed in accordance with this 5. Qualification evaluation of flight sim- Agreement. This Agreement may be amend- ulators; and ed by the written agreement of the Contract- 6. Approval of aviation training estab- ing Parties. Individual Implementation Pro- lishments. cedures may be terminated or amended by B. When the appropriate executive agents the appropriate executive agents. of the Contracting Parties agree that the In Witness Whereof, the undersigned, standards, rules, practices, procedures, and being duly authorized by their respective systems of both Contracting Parties in one Governments, have signed this Agreement. of the technical specialties listed above are Done at Moscow, this second day of Sep- sufficiently equivalent or compatible to per- tember, 1998, in duplicate, in the English mit acceptance of findings of compliance and Russian languages, each text being made by one Contracting Party for the other equally authentic. Contracting Party to the agreed-upon stand- For the Government of For the Government of ards, the appropriate executive agents shall the the execute written Implementation Procedures United States of America: Russian Federation: describing the methods by which such recip- rocal acceptance shall be made with respect William J. Clinton Boris Yeltsin to that technical specialty. NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- C. The Implementation Procedures shall tion of the content of this agreement. include at a minimum: 1. Definitions; 2. A description of the particular area of Remarks at a Meeting With Duma civil aviation to be addressed; and Regional Leaders in Moscow 3. Provisions for reciprocal acceptance September 2, 1998 of appropriate executive agent actions such as test witnessing, inspections, Thank you very much, Mr. Ambassador. qualifications, approvals, and certifi- I’d like to thank all of you who have come cations; here today to Spaso House. I have met with 4. Accountability of executive agents; several of you before here, and as always,

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I attempt to come to Russia with the view mon. They have tax systems that are fair and of listening to a wide variety of views and bring in revenues adequate to meet their meeting everyone I can who is involved in spending requirements. They have marketing the activities of the day. systems that regulate and provide for effec- I am pleased to be joined by the Secretary tive banking and trading in the country. They of State, Madeleine Albright; our Secretary have a rule of law which permits commerce of Commerce, Bill Daley; and the Secretary to succeed and to proceed on predictable of Energy, Bill Richardson; and with some terms in which individual interests are prop- distinguished Members of Congress. I see erly protected. Senator Bingaman and Congressman King. Now, when countries have this, whether I don’t know if Senator Domenici and Con- they’re large or small, whether they’re in gressman Hoyer are here or not. But we all Latin America, Asia, or Africa, wherever they want to get to know all of you. are, they see that money flows into the coun- I am proud of what America and Russia try instead of flowing out of it. have achieved together in reducing the threat I come here as someone who considers of nuclear war and in cooperating in areas himself a friend of your country and someone like Bosnia. Today we announced two other who deeply believes that in the century just steps to cooperate: First, in the sharing of ahead of us America and Russia must be early warning information on missile firings; partners. I hope you will be able to bridge and second, in a commitment to dramatically your differences to agree on, first, a program reduce our stocks of plutonium, a move that to stabilize the current situation, and then, might also be of benefit to the Russian econ- a path to finish the framework of basic things omy. that every successful economy has; then, I’d like to, before I go out and start to within your democratic system, whatever de- visit with you individually, make just a couple cisions you make about how to organize your of observations about the economic chal- society are your decisions to make, and we lenges facing Russia today. First of all, I rec- will support you and find a way to work to- ognize that around this room there are many gether. different points of view represented, and I think that is a good thing for the strength But if the basic framework is not in place, of Russian democracy. Second, I think it’s as a friend I say, I do not believe that you important to point out that all over the world can defy the rules of the road in today’s glob- there are many countries that have demo- al economy anymore than I could defy the cratically-elected leaders and successful laws of gravity by stepping off the top floor economies and rather dramatically different of Spaso House. It has nothing to do with social systems—different approaches to politics and everything to do with the way achieving success economically with elected the world is working today. But if you can leadership. So Russia must have its own ap- find a way to work together and work through proaches that keep the nation strong, that this crisis, the United States will stand with care for the people who are in need, that you and will not presume to judge on the prepare for the future of your children. And specific social systems you decide to put in no other country can define that approach, place within a democratic system with a and no other country’s approach would be strong economy that has integrity of its fun- exactly right for Russia. But I do not believe damental elements. you can find one country in the world that Thank you again for coming. is economically successful that has com- pletely ignored the ground rules of the global NOTE: The President spoke at 3:20 p.m. in Spaso economy. House. In his remarks, the President referred to For all their differences, all the countries James F. Collins, U.S. Ambassador to Russia, who that are succeeding have some things in com- introduced the President.

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Remarks to the Northern Ireland despair to the warm sunlight of peace. For Assembly in Belfast, Northern 30 long years the Troubles took a terrible Ireland toll: Too many died; too many families September 3, 1998 grieved; every family was denied the quiet blessings of a normal life—in the constant Thank you. Lord Mayor Alderdice, First fear that a simple trip to the store could be Minister Trimble, Deputy First Minister devastated by bombs and bullets; in the daily Mallon, Mr. Prime Minister; to the members disruptions of roadblocks and searches; in the of the Northern Ireland Assembly, the citi- ominous presence of armed soldiers always zens of Belfast and Northern Ireland, it is on patrol; in neighborhoods demarcated by an honor for me to be back here with the barbed wire, guarded gates, and 20-foot First Lady, our delegation including two fences. members of our Cabinet, distinguished No wonder this question was painted on Members of Congress, our Ambassador and a Belfast wall: Is there life before death? Consul General, and, of course, the best in- Now at last, your answer is, yes. vestment we ever made in Northern Ireland, From here on, the destiny of Northern Ire- Senator Mitchell. land is in the hands of its people and its rep- I want to begin very briefly by thanking resentatives. From farming to finance, edu- Prime Minister Blair and echoing his com- cation to health care, this new Assembly has ments about the thoughts and prayers we the opportunity and the obligation to forge have with the passengers and families of the the future. The new structures of coopera- Swissair flight that crashed this morning near tion you have approved can strengthen the Nova Scotia, Canada. The flight was en route quality of your ties to both London and Dub- to Geneva from New York, and as I speak, lin, based on the benefits of interdepend- Canadians are conducting an extensive ence, not the burdens of division or domi- search operation. We hope for the best, and nance. In peace you can find new prosperity, we are deeply grieved that this has occurred. and I heard your leaders seeking it. I would like to also begin just by simply Since the 1994 cease-fire, the number of saying thank you to the leaders who have spo- passengers coming to and from your inter- ken before me, to David Trimble and national airport and ferryport has increased Seamus Mallon; to the party leaders and the more than 15 percent. The number of hotel other members of the Assembly whom I met rooms under construction has doubled. And earlier today; to Tony Blair, and in his ab- in the wake of the Good Friday Agreement, sence, to Prime Minister Ahern; and to their you are projected to receive record levels of predecessors with whom I have worked, investment, foreign and domestic, bringing Prime Ministers Bruton and Reynolds and new jobs, opportunity, and hope. Major. The United States has supported our quest This has been a magic thing to see unfold, for peace, starting with Irish-Americans, this developing will for peace among the peo- whose commitment to this cause is passion- ple of Northern Ireland. Three years ago, ate, profound, and enduring. It has been one when Hillary and I were here, I could see of the great privileges of my Presidency to it in the eyes of the people in Belfast and work with the peacemakers: Protestant and Derry. We saw, as Seamus Mallon said, the Catholic leaders here in the North; Prime morning light began to dawn after Ireland’s Minister Blair and Prime Minister Ahern. long darkness on Good Friday with the lead- Our Congress, as you can see if you had vis- ers’ commitment to solve your problems with ited with our delegation, has reached across words, not weapons. It lit the whole sky a its own partisan divide for the sake of peace month later when you voted so overwhelm- in Northern Ireland. I hope some of it will ingly for the peace agreement. Now this As- infect their consciousness as they go back sembly is the living embodiment of the home. [Laughter] promise of that covenant. They have voted extraordinary support for Together, people and leaders are moving the International Fund for Ireland, the $100 Northern Ireland from the deep freeze of million over the past 5 years. I am delighted

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that there are both Republican and Demo- go forward, courage and reconciliation must cratic Members with me today, as well as drive this Assembly in very specific ways: to Jim Lyons, my special adviser for economic decommission the weapons of war that are initiatives in Northern Ireland, and Senator obsolete in Northern Ireland at peace; to Mitchell, whom you welcomed so warmly move forward with the formation of an exec- and justly a few moments ago. utive council; to adapt your police force so In the months and years ahead, America that it earns the confidence, respect, and sup- will continue to walk the road of renewal with port of all the people; to end street justice, you. We will help to train your Assembly because defining crime, applying punish- members, support NGO’s that are building ment, and enforcing the law must be left to civil societies from the grassroots, invest in the people’s elected representatives, the our common future through education, pro- courts, and the police; to pursue early release mote cross-border and cross-community un- for prisoners whose organizations have truly derstanding, create with you microcredit fa- abandoned violence and to help them find cilities to help small businesses get off the a productive, constructive place in society; ground, support the trade and investment to build a more just society where human that will benefit both our people. rights are birthrights and where every citizen I thank the Secretary of Education for receives equal protection and equal treat- being with us today, and the Secretary of ment under the law. These must be the Commerce who led a trade mission here in benchmarks of the new Northern Ireland. June, already showing results. Chancellor I must say, the words and the actions of Brown takes the next important step with his your leaders this week, and their willingness mission to 10 American cities next month. to meet are hopeful reflections of the spirit As you work to change the face and future of courage and reconciliation that must em- of Northern Ireland, you can count on Amer- brace all the citizens. Also hopeful are the ica. activities of the community leaders here Of course, for all we can and will do, the today, the non-governmental organizations, future still is up to you. You have agreed to those in business, law, and academia. And bury the violence of the past; now you have especially I salute the women who have been to build a peaceful and prosperous future. such a powerful force for peace. Hillary had To the members of the Assembly, you owe a wonderful day yesterday at your Vital it to your country to nurture the best in your Voices conference. And as she said, we are people by showing them the best in your- pledged to follow up on the partnerships es- selves. Difficult, sometimes wrenching deci- tablished there. sions lie ahead, but they must be made. And All your voices are vital. The example you because you have agreed to share respon- set among your neighbors, the work you do sibilities, whenever possible you must try to in your communities, the standards you de- act in concert, not conflict; to overcome ob- mand from your elected officials: All these stacles, not create them; to rise above petty will have a very, very large impact on your disputes, not fuel them. future. And to the people of Northern Ire- The Latin word for assembly, ‘‘concilium,’’ land I say it is your will for peace, after all, is the root of the word ‘‘reconciliation.’’ The that has brought your country to this moment spirit of reconciliation must be rooted in all of hope. Do not let it slip away. It will not you do. come again in our lifetime. Give your leaders There is another quality you will need, too. the support they need to make the hard, but Our only Irish-Catholic President, John Ken- necessary decisions. With apologies to Mr. nedy, loved to quote a certain British Protes- Yeats, help them to prove that things can tant Prime Minister. ‘‘Courage,’’ Winston come together, that the center can hold. Churchill said, ‘‘is rightly esteemed as the You voted for a future different from the first of all human qualities because it is the past. Now you must prove that the passion quality that guarantees all the others.’’ for reason and moderation can trump the Courage and reconciliation were the heart power of extremes. There will be hard roads of your commitment to peace. Now, as you ahead. The terror in Omagh was not the last

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bomb of the Troubles; it was the opening tiny is peace. America is with you. The entire shot of a vicious attack on the peace. The world is with you. May God be with you and question is not whether there will be more give you strength for the good work ahead. bombs and more attempts to undo with vio- Thank you very much. lence the verdict of the ballot box. There well may be. The question is not whether tempers NOTE: The President spoke at 12:40 p.m. in the will flare and debates will be divisive. They main auditorium at Waterfront Hall. In his re- marks, he referred to Lord Mayor David certainly will be. The question is: How will Alderdice of Belfast; First Minister David Trimble you react to it all—to the violence? How will and Deputy First Minister Seamus Mallon of the you deal with your differences? Can the bad Northern Ireland Assembly; Prime Minister Tony habits and brute forces of yesterday break Blair of the United Kingdom; Philip Lader, U.S. your will for tomorrow’s peace? That is the Ambassador to the United Kingdom and Northern question. Ireland; U.S. Consul General Ki Fort; former Sen- In our so-called modern world, from Bos- ator George J. Mitchell, who chaired the nia to the Middle East, from Rwanda to multiparty peace talks in Northern Ireland; Prime Kosovo, from the Indian subcontinent to the Minister Bertie Ahern and former Prime Min- Aegean, people still hate each other over isters John Bruton and Albert Reynolds of Ireland; former Prime Minister John Major of the United their differences of race, tribe, and religion, Kingdom; and U.K. Chancellor of the Exchequer in a fruitless struggle to find meaning in life Gordon Brown. in who we are not, rather than asking God to help us become what we ought to be. From here on in Northern Ireland, you have Remarks at a Groundbreaking said only one dividing line matters, the line Ceremony for Springvale between those who embrace peace and those Educational Village in Belfast who would destroy it, between those ener- September 3, 1998 gized by hope and those paralyzed by hatred, between those who choose to build up and Thank you very much, Margaret. Margaret those who want to keep on tearing down. and Gerard said everything that needs to be So much more unites you than divides you: said. I feel sort of like a fifth wheel now. the values of faith and family, work and com- They, just standing here and speaking as they munity, the same land and heritage, the same did, embodied everything I would like to say love of laughter and language. You aspire to to you and everything you would like to say the same things: to live in peace and security, to each other and everything your better to provide for your loved ones, to build a selves calls on all of you to do. And I thank better life and pass on brighter possibilities them for being here. to your children. These are not Catholic or Thank you, Mr. Prime Minister, for your Protestant dreams, these are human dreams, leadership in so many ways large and small. to be realized best together. Hillary and I are delighted to be back in The American people, as the Lord Mayor Northern Ireland and to be here with you noted, know from our own experience about and Cherie. And I thank all those who were bigotry and violence rooted in race and reli- responsible for the Vital Voices Conference gion. Still today, we struggle with the chal- at which Hillary spoke yesterday. I also would lenge of building one nation out of our in- like to thank Secretary Mo Mowlam, who is creasing diversity. But it is worth the effort. one of the most remarkable people I ever We know we are wiser, stronger, and happier met. when we stand on common ground. And we I thank others who have made this pos- know you will be, too. sible. Mo mentioned the First Lady. I also And so, members of the Assembly, citizens would like to thank Willie McCarter, the of Belfast, people of Northern Ireland, re- Chairman of the International Fund for Ire- member that in the early days of the Amer- land; Lord Smith of Clifton, Vice Chancellor ican Republic, the Gaelic term for America of the University; Professor Patrick Murphy, was Inis Fa’il, Island of Destiny. Today, the Director of the Belfast Institute. I thank Americans see you as Inis Fa’il, and your des- the members of the new Assembly with us

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today, the Deputy First Minister Seamus ground into fertile fields cultivating the Mallon, David Ervine, Joe Hendron, and of world’s most important resource: the minds course, Gerry Adams. We’re glad to be in of your people—providing opportunity not your constituency, and I echo the words of just for the young but for those long denied the Prime Minister. the chance for higher learning, creating jobs I thank the Americans who are here, the in neighborhoods where too many have gone distinguished Congressional delegation, the without work for too long, bringing more Secretary of Education, Dick Riley; the Sec- technology and skill so that Northern Ireland retary of Commerce, Bill Daley. You will no- at last can reap the full benefits of this new tice if you get a list of the Congress Members economy, creating unity from division, trans- and the list of the people in the delegation forming a barbed wire boundary that kept that—Assistant Secretary of Labor, Kitty communities apart into common ground of Higgins—there will be an enormous prepon- learning and going forward together. derance of Irish names in the American dele- Again, let me thank Gerry Adams, who has gation here. And I thank them all. I thank worked hard to bring justice and a better life especially Jim Lyons, my Special Adviser for to the people of this constituency. There is Economic Initiatives, and Senator George more to be done by people on all sides. But Mitchell. I also would like to remember his words this week, and I quote, ‘‘violence today our late Commerce Secretary, Ron must be a thing of the past, over, done with, Brown, who did so much to bring oppor- gone.’’ Those words were music to ears all tunity here and who envisioned this day that across the world and they pave the way for we celebrate. the progress still to come. Thank you, sir. I want to say that, above all, the people I am grateful that America was able to sup- who deserve recognition today are people on port Springvale working through the Inter- both sides of the peace line who need the national Fund for Ireland, together with gen- work that will be done here. Here there is erous funding provided by the United King- a site; there is a design; there are resources; dom, the University of Ulster, and the Belfast but more than that there is a glimpse of the Institute. All these allow us to break ground future, that people so long torn apart will today. create something together that will benefit I also want to acknowledge the support of all. Gateway 2000, an American company which Of course, there remain those who oppose has such a strong presence in the Republic the vision all of you share for reconciliation and which has announced plans to donate and tolerance. Thank God they live in the a state-of-the-art computer system when past and their support dwindles. With cour- Springvale opens. And I’m proud of the peo- age, determination, and palpable pride which ple here in Northern Ireland who, once we saw all up and down the streets today again, have moved beyond pain to accom- driving from the Waterfront Hall to here, it plishment. is clear that people have chosen peace and Now you have, in the words of Seamus the chance for prosperity. Heaney, a chance to know the incomparable These neighborhoods are your home, and and dive to a future. You have dared to you have taken them back. Now you are dream of a better tomorrow, now you dare ready to move forward into a new century to build one. That is even better. On this of hope, or, in the words of that great son site and across this isle, what once seemed of Belfast, Van Morrison, to walk down the impossible is now becoming real. Don’t stop. avenues again because the healing has begun. Thank you very much. Indeed, the future has begun. And clearly the best path to a future that involves every NOTE: The President spoke at 1:57 p.m. in a tent at the construction site. In his remarks, he re- citizen of every circumstance in every neigh- ferred to students Margaret Gibney, who intro- borhood is a strong education. Springvale duced the President, and Gerard Quinn, who in- Educational Village will help you get there. troduced Prime Minister Tony Blair; the Prime It will be a living, breathing monument to Minister’s wife, Cherie Blair; United Kingdom the triumph of peace. It will turn barren Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Marjorie

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Mowlam; William T. McCarter, chairman, Inter- strengthened, and humanized the impulse to national Fund for Ireland; Lord Trevor Smith, peace. vice chancellor, University of Ulster; Professor Even more than when we were here 3 Patrick Murphy, chairman, Belfast Institute of years ago, people are saying to me: ‘‘It’s high Further and Higher Education; Deputy First time that the few stop ruining the lives of Minister of the Northern Ireland Assembly Seamus Mallon; Northern Ireland Assembly the many; high time that those who hate stop members David Ervine and Joseph Hendron; bullying those who hope; high time to stop Sinn Fein leader and Northern Ireland Assembly the lilt of laughter and language being member Gerry Adams; former Senator George J. drowned out by bombs and guns and sirens; Mitchell, who chaired the multiparty talks in high time to stop yesterday’s nightmares Northern Ireland; musician Van Morrison; and from killing tomorrow’s dreams.’’ poet Seamus Heaney. All I wanted to say today is that nothing any of us can say will erase the pain that those of you who have experienced loss know now. Remarks to Victims of the Bombing Just a few days ago, we had to—Hillary and in Omagh, Northern Ireland I did—go to the airport to meet the plane September 3, 1998 bringing home the bodies of the Americans who were killed in the Embassy bombing in Thank you very much. Mr. Prime Minister, Africa, and to go from table to table to meet Mrs. Blair, Secretary Mowlam, Ambassador their families. There is no word to explain Lader, Senator Mitchell; to the people of a mindless act of terror that grabs the life Omagh. Hillary and I are honored to be in of an innocent. But I think the only way to your presence. We come to tell you that a truly redeem such a terrible loss is to make long way away the American people have the memories of the innocents monuments mourned the loss of 28 innocents and all to peace. We cannot brook a descent into those who were injured. For those victims terror. Northern Ireland is walking away and family members who have come here from it. Life will never be the same here, today to say a word to us, we thank you for but it will go on. your presence. Since the bombing, one of the victims, To all of you, we thank you for standing Nicola Emory, has given birth to a healthy up in the face of such a soul-searing loss and baby. I pray that baby will never know an restating your determination to walk the road act of terror and will live a long, full life in of peace. the 21st century, proud of a hometown that We came here, knowing, as the Prime learned through tragedy the meaning of com- Minister said, that words are not very good munity. at a time like this, simply to express our sym- I’d like to close my remarks by reading pathy with the good people of this commu- to you from a letter that our Ambassador in nity, especially with the victims and their Dublin received from a young man named families, and again to support your deter- Michael Gallagher from County Mayo after mined refusal to let a cowardly crime rob this happened. He wrote to the American you of the future you have chosen. Ambassador: ‘‘You don’t know me. You may What has happened here on August the not even get this letter. But after yesterday’s 15th was so incredibly unreasonable, so tragedy I just wanted to do something. I am shocking to the conscience of every decent 29 years old, an Irishman to the very core person in this land, that it has perversely had of my being. But throughout my life there exactly the reverse impact that the people has never been peace on this island. I never who perpetrated this act intended. By killing realized how precious peace could be until Catholics and Protestants, young and old, my wife, Martina, gave birth to our daughter, men, women, and children, even those about Ashleen, 20 months ago. We don’t want her to be born, people from Northern Ireland, to grow up in a society that is constantly wait- the Irish Republic, and abroad—by doing all ing for the next atrocity, the next bunch of that in an aftermath of what the people have young lives snuffed out in a sea of hatred voted for in Northern Ireland, it galvanized, and fear. Ashleen’s name means ‘vision’ or

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‘dream,’ and we have a dream of what Ireland off Halifax, Nova Scotia, last night. We join might be like when she grows up. It could the American people in extending our deep- be a place where dreams come true, where est sympathies to the families of the pas- people would achieve things never imagined sengers and crewmembers aboard the air- before, where people would not be afraid of craft. their neighbors. Hopefully, this can happen. I want to thank the Canadian Government But after yesterday, one has to wonder. We and people for the extraordinary way in know America has done much for Ireland, which they responded to this tragedy. Hun- all we ask is that you keep trying, even when dreds of people, including many volunteers, times are hard. Please keep Ireland in mind searched through the night. The United because Ashleen and all Irish children need States will continue to do everything we can to be able to dream.’’ to assist the Canadian and Swiss authorities So we came here today to say we grieve in the search for survivors and to determine for your loss, but to pledge to that little the cause of the accident. Members of the Ashleen in Mayo, and Nicola’s newborn here National Transportation Safety Board are on in Omagh that we will work to build this the scene of the crash, and we have offered peace, to make it a place where children can support from our Navy, the Coast Guard, and dream, to redeem the lost innocence from other Federal agencies. the madness of people who must fail so that I ask that the American people remember your life can go on. in their prayers the families who lost loved Thank you for letting us come here, and ones on that flight. God bless you.

NOTE: The President spoke at 4:05 p.m. at the Letter to Congressional Leaders Leisure Center. In his remarks, he referred to Reporting on Iraq’s Compliance Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United Kingdom and his wife, Cherie; United Kingdom Secretary With United Nations Security of State for Northern Ireland Marjorie Mowlam; Council Resolutions Philip Lader, U.S. Ambassador to Great Britian September 3, 1998 and Northern Ireland; and former Senator George J. Mitchell, who chaired the multiparty talks in Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) Northern Ireland. A tape was not available for ver- Consistent with the Authorization for Use ification of the content of these remarks. of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102–1) and as part of my effort Statement on the Northern Ireland to keep the Congress fully informed, I am Peace Process reporting on the status of efforts to obtain Iraq’s compliance with the resolutions adopt- September 3, 1998 ed by the United Nations Security Council Yesterday’s announcement that Martin (UNSC). This report covers the period from McGuinness will oversee decommissioning June 24 to the present. issues for Sinn Fein is an important step. I Introduction welcome it as the kind of action essential not only to fulfill the Good Friday commitments, From June 24 until August 5, Iraq had pro- but to deepen public confidence in the over- vided site access to U.N. weapons inspectors, all process of making peace a reality in as required under UNSC resolutions and re- Northern Ireland. affirmed under the terms of the February 23 Secretary General/Tariq Aziz MOU and UNSC Resolution 1154. In June, UNSCOM Statement on the Crash of Swissair inspectors presented a work plan to Iraq to Flight 111 delineate areas of concern and elements that September 3, 1998 Iraq needed to disclose. However, in June, UNSCOM revealed that it had found evi- Hillary and I were deeply saddened to dence of Iraqi weaponization of VX nerve learn of the fatal crash of Swissair Flight 111 agent and in July, Iraq refused to turn over

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a document accounting for use of CW during its inception and continues to do so, as an the Iran-Iraq war. On August 3–4 when integral part of our policy to contain Iraq and Chairman Butler was in Iraq to discuss phase disarm it of its WMD. We have consistently two of the work plan, the Iraqi Deputy Prime worked to uphold the principle that Minister claimed that Iraq was fully ‘‘dis- UNSCOM must be able to do its job, free armed’’ and demanded that this be reported of Iraqi restrictions and impediments. That to the Council; Butler refused, and subse- includes inspections wherever, whenever, quently departed Baghdad. and however the Executive Chairman of On August 5, Iraq declared that it was sus- UNSCOM directs. There have been allega- pending all cooperation with UNSCOM and tions recently that the United States impeded the IAEA, except some limited monitoring some kinds of inspections since last fall. In activities. On August 6, the Security Council fact, the international effort to secure full ac- President issued a press statement which cess for UNSCOM and the IAEA last fall noted that Iraq’s action contravenes the Feb- and winter was lead by the United States. ruary 23 MOU and relevant Security Council Since early August, the United States has resolutions. On August 11/12, the IAEA and again lead the effort to reverse Iraq’s decision UNSCOM sent letters to the Security Coun- blocking UNSCOM activities. Decisions on cil that noted that Iraq’s decision to suspend how UNSCOM does its job, including tim- cooperation with them halted ‘‘all of the dis- ing, locations and modalities for inspections, armament activities’’ of UNSCOM and are the Chairman’s to make. As Chairman placed limitations on the inspection and Butler stated on August 14, ‘‘Consultations monitoring activities of both organizations. on policy matters take place regularly be- On August 18, the Council President replied tween the Executive Chairman and Council in writing to UNSCOM and IAEA on the members, but all operational decisions are Council’s behalf reiterating full support for taken by the Executive Chairman (of the full implementation of their mandates UNSCOM) who has not been given and and underscoring Iraq’s obligation to cooper- would find it invidious were any attempt ate in the conduct of their activities, includ- made to direct his operational decisions or ing inspections. Chairman Butler wrote to to micro-manage the day-to-day work of the the Iraqi regime August 19 expressing his Special Commission.’’ willingness to resume activity, but that offer Iraq’s refusal to cooperate with UNSCOM was rebuffed. and the IAEA is totally unacceptable; Iraq On August 20, the Security Council met must meet its international obligations. In to conduct the periodic review of Iraq’s com- the first instance, the Council and the Sec- pliance with relevant Security Council reso- retary General must respond effectively to lutions. It stated that ‘‘the necessary condi- Iraq’s flagrant challenge to their authority. tions do not exist for the modification of the We are working with Council members to regime established’’ in relevant resolutions. ensure that there is a clear, united and force- Moreover, the Security Council ‘‘reiterates ful U.N. response to Iraq’s actions. If the that the decision by Iraq to suspend coopera- Council fails to persuade the Iraqi regime tion with UNSCOM and the IAEA (on Au- to resume cooperation, all other options are gust 5) is totally unacceptable’’ and that it on the table. ‘‘views with extreme concern the continuing We continue to support the international refusal by the Government of Iraq to rescind community’s efforts to provide for the hu- its decision.’’ The United States is working manitarian needs of the Iraqi people through with other Security Council members to sus- the ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program and other human- pend subsequent periodic reviews until Iraq itarian efforts. On May 27, 1998, Iraq pre- reverses course and resumes cooperation sented a distribution plan for the implemen- with UNSCOM and the IAEA. tation of Resolution 1153, which had been The cornerstone of U.S. policy is to con- adopted on February 20. Under phase three tain Iraq and prevent it from threatening re- of the ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program, which ran gional peace and security. To that end, the from December 3, 1997, through June 2, United States has supported UNSCOM since 1998, $1.1 billion worth of humanitarian

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goods were approved for export to Iraq. to maintain a robust force posture, and more- Under the current phase, phase four, which over, have established a rapid reinforcement began in June, the U.N. Sanctions Commit- capability to supplement our forces in the tee has approved the purchase of over $562 Gulf when needed. Our cruise missile force million worth of humanitarian goods. United is twice the pre-October 1997 level, a num- States companies can participate in the ‘‘oil- ber that can be augmented significantly with- for-food’’ program, and over $165 million in days. Our contingency plans allow us the worth of contracts for U.S. firms have been capability for a swift, powerful strike. approved since the program began. The aircraft carrier USS ABRAHAM LIN- On June 26, the Secretary of State re- COLN and accompanying combatant ships ported to the Congress on plans to establish and aircraft are on station in the Gulf today. a program to support the democratic opposi- Our forces in the region include land and tion in Iraq, as required by section 10008 carrier-based aircraft, surface warships, a of the 1998 Supplemental Appropriations Marine expeditionary unit, a Patriot missile and Rescissions Act (Public Law 105–174). battalion, a mechanized battalion task force Opposition leaders and their representatives and a mix of special operations forces de- have been generally receptive to the focus ployed in support of USCINCCENT oper- on the central themes of building a consensus ations. To enhance force protection through- on the transition for dictatorship to pluralism, out the region, additional military security conveying to the U.N. opposition views on personnel are also deployed. Iraqi noncompliance with U.N. resolutions and compiling information to support the in- dictment of Iraqi officials for war crimes. The Operation Northern Watch and new Radio Free Iraq service, also funded by Operation Southern Watch that Act, is preparing to broadcast directly The United States and coalition partners to the Iraqi people under the direction of continue to enforce the no-fly zones over Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. These Iraq under Operation Northern Watch and new programs will help us encourage the Operation Southern Watch. There have been Iraqi people to build a pluralistic, peaceful no observed no-fly zone violations. However, Iraq that observes the international rule of on June 30, U.S. forces responded to an Iraqi law and respects basic human rights. Such ‘‘threat radar’’ and subsequently defended an Iraq would have little trouble regaining the coalition forces by firing an anti-radiation its rightful place in the region and in the (HARM) missile. We have made clear to Iraq international community. and to all other relevant parties that the The United States maintains a significant United States and coalition partners will con- military presence in the region in order to tinue to enforce both no-fly zones. The no- provide the full range of military options nec- fly zones remain in effect. essary to deter Iraqi aggression, to ensure that UNSC resolutions are enforced, and to The Maritime Interception Force deal with other contingencies that may arise. The Maritime Interception Force (MIF), U.S. and Coalition Force Levels in the operating under the authority of UNSC Res- Gulf Region olution 665, vigorously enforces U.N. sanc- In view of Saddam’s record of aggressive tions in the Gulf. The U.S. Navy is the single behavior, it is prudent to retain a significant largest component of this multinational force presence in the region to deter Iraq force, but it is frequently augmented by ships and deal with any threat it might pose to its and aircraft from Australia, Canada, Belgium, neighbors. The U.S. and allied forces now The Netherlands, New Zealand, and the in the region are prepared to deal with all United Kingdom. Today in the Gulf, ships contingencies. We have the capability to re- and aircraft from Canada and the United spond rapidly to possible Iraqi aggression. Kingdom are operating with us in maritime We have restructured our in-theater force patrols. Member states of the Gulf Coopera- levels since my last report. We will continue tion Council support the MIF by providing

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logistical support and shipriders and by ac- provide the needed accounting for missing cepting vessels diverted for violating U.N. 155mm mustard-filled shells. sanctions against Iraq. On July 22, 1998, UNSCOM reported in The MIF continues to intercept vessels in- a letter to the President of the Security volved in illegal smuggling from Iraq. In late Council that Iraq had refused to allow an August, we conducted stepped-up operations UNSCOM chief inspector to take, or even in the far northern Gulf in the shallow waters copy, a document found in Iraqi air force near the major Iraqi waterways. These oper- headquarters that gave an accounting of ations severely disrupted smuggling oper- chemical munitions used during the Iran- ations in the region. Since the beginning of Iraq war. This document would be of great the year, over thirty vessels have been de- value in helping UNSCOM establish a true tained for violations of the embargo and sent material balance for Iraqi chemical muni- to ports in the Gulf for enforcement actions tions—a mandatory task for UNSCOM. Dur- by the GCC. Kuwait and the UAE, two coun- ing Butler’s aborted visit to Iraq August 3– tries adjacent to the smuggling routes, have 4, the Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister told Am- also stepped up their enforcement efforts bassador Butler that Iraq would never give and have recently intercepted and detained it to the Commission. This evidence directly vessels involved in sanctions violations. Al- contradicts the Iraqi claim that it has given though petroleum products comprise most of UNSCOM all the information it has. the prohibited traffic, the MIF has recently diverted vessels engaged in date smuggling Biological Weapons as well. Smuggling into Iraq is also a target In July 1998, UNSCOM assembled yet an- for MIF patrols. One additional difficulty re- other group of international experts to meet mains in our effort to enforce U.N. sanctions. with Iraqi counterparts for review of Iraqi Ships involved in smuggling have often uti- declarations on the biological weapons pro- lized the territorial seas of Iran to avoid MIF gram. And again, the Iraqis presented no new inspections. We have recently provided de- material. The experts thus found, again, that tailed reports of these illegal activities to the Iraq’s declarations are not adequate for cred- U.N. sanctions Committee in New York. ible verification. This conclusion covered weapons (SCUD missile BW warheads, R– Chemical Weapons 400 BW bombs, drop-tanks to be filled with Despite major progress reported by BW, and spray devices for BW), production UNSCOM in accounting for SCUD CBW of BW agents (botulinum toxin, anthrax, warheads during this period, the Iraqis have aflatoxin, and wheat cover smut), and BW taken a giant step backward by continuing agent growth media. to deny the weaponization of VX nerve agent. The report of this UNSCOM–250 mission This denial is in direct contravention of the of international experts recommended to the finding for UNSCOM by the U.S. Army UNSCOM Executive Chairman that no fur- Edgewood Arsenal of stabilized VX nerve ther verification of Iraq’s declarations be con- agent in SCUD missile warhead fragments ducted Until Iraq commits itself to provide recovered by UNSCOM in Iraq. France and new and substantive information, stating that Switzerland are now examining further sam- any other approach would be counter-pro- ples taken in Iraq. They may not report re- ductive. sults to UNSCOM until late September. However, we, UNSCOM Executive Chair- Long-Range Missiles man Butler, and a team of international ex- UNSCOM Executive Chairman Richard perts gathered by Butler are unanimously Butler reported to the Security Council on confident of the scientific accuracy of the August 5 that UNSCOM and Iraq had made Edgewood results—which Butler has de- significant progress in the accounting of both clared publicly. Iraq is lying today about VX. CBW and conventional SCUD warheads, as While the Iraqis provided new documents well as the material balance of major compo- to help account for R–400 aerial bombs used nents for SCUD engine production. How- for chemical weapons, they have failed to ever, no progress was reported in accounting

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for the unique SCUD propellant possessed had Iraq cooperated, could have moved the by Iraq, and the Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister process of verifying the disarmament for- refuses to allow further discussion of Iraq’s ward. However, when Butler made a return concealment program, including the hiding visit August 3–4, the Iraqi Deputy Prime of SCUD warheads. Minister denounced UNSCOM and de- manded that UNSCOM report to the Coun- Nuclear Weapons cil that Iraq was ‘‘disarmed in all areas.’’ On In an interim report to the UNSC July 29, August 5, Iraq announced it was suspending the IAEA said that Iraq had provided no new cooperation with UNSCOM and the IAEA. information regarding outstanding issues and The following day, the Security Council concerns. The IAEA said while it has a ‘‘tech- President issued a press statement declaring nically coherent picture’’ of Iraq’s nuclear the Iraqi decision ‘‘totally unacceptable,’’ program, Iraq has never been fully trans- noting that it ‘‘contravened’’ relevant Secu- parent and its lack of transparency com- rity Council resolutions. pounds remaining uncertainties. The IAEA On August 11, 1998, IAEA Director-Gen- noted Iraq claims to have no further docu- eral El Baradei wrote to the President of the mentation on such issues as weapons design Security Council that Iraq’s August 5 deci- engineering drawings, experimental data, sion to suspend its cooperation with and drawings received from foreign sources UNSCOM and the IAEA ‘‘makes it impos- in connection with Iraq’s centrifuge enrich- sible for the IAEA . . . to investigate . . . ment program. The IAEA also reported that remaining questions and concerns . . .,’’ and Iraq said it was ‘‘unsuccessful’’ in its efforts that Iraq’s decision will allow only ‘‘limited to locate verifiable documentation of the implementation’’ of monitoring that will ‘‘fall abandonment of the nuclear program. Iraq short of full implementation of the OMV has failed to pass the measures required plan and result in a significantly reduced under UNSC Resolution 715 to implement level of assurance’’ that Iraq is not renewing UNSC Resolutions 687, 707 and other rel- its programs for weapons of mass destruc- evant resolutions, including the penal laws tion. required to enforce them. On August 12, 1998, UNSCOM Executive Chairman Butler sent the President of the Dual-Use Imports Security Council a letter similar to the Au- Resolution 1051 established a joint gust 11 letter of the IAEA noted above, say- UNSCOM/IAEA unit to monitor Iraq’s im- ing that ‘‘Iraq’s actions bring to a halt all of ports of allowed dual-use items. Iraq must the disarmament activities of the Commis- notify the unit before it imports specific sion and place limitations on the rights of items which can be used in both weapons the Commission to conduct its monitoring of mass destruction and civilian applications. operations.’’ Similarly, U.N. members must provide time- On August 18, the Council President re- ly notification of exports to Iraq of such dual- plied to UNSCOM and the IAEA on behalf use items. of the Council, reiterating the full support We continue to be concerned that Iraq’s of the Council for IAEA and UNSCOM to land borders are extremely porous. Iraq con- fully implement their mandates and noting tinues substantial trade with its neighbors. that Iraq is obliged to cooperate with them There is significant potential for evasion of in their activities, including inspections. On sanctions by land routes, giving additional August 19, Chairman Butler wrote to the weight to our position that UNSCOM must Iraqi government seeking a resumption of have full unconditional access to all locations, the dialogue between UNSCOM and the re- and be allowed to inspect and monitor Iraqi gime and of all substantive UNSCOM work. compliance over time. That request was immediately rebuffed. On August 20, the Security Council con- Iraq’s Concealment Mechanisms ducted its periodic review of Iraq’s compli- In June, UNSCOM Chairman Butler pre- ance with relevant Security Council resolu- sented Iraq with a proposed work plan which, tions. The Council stated that ‘‘the Sanctions

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Review showed that the necessary conditions proposed contracts. With regard to oil sales, do not exist for the modification of the re- 50 contracts with a total value of $955 million gime’’ and reiterated that ‘‘the decision by have been approved so far during this phase. Iraq to suspend cooperation with UNSCOM The United States has supported the re- and the IAEA is totally unacceptable.’’ Fur- pair of the Iraqi oil infrastructure in order ther, ‘‘they view with extreme concern the to allow sufficient oil to be exported to fund continuing refusal by the Government of the level of humanitarian purchases the Se- Iraq to rescind its decision.’’ curity Council approved in UNSC Resolution We continue to work with the Council in 1153. Treasury is in the process of amending its effort to bring about full Iraqi cooperation its regulations to allow U.S. companies to bid with UNSCOM and the IAEA. We are now on oil infrastructure repair contracts just as seeking a Council resolution that would sus- they are permitted both to purchase Iraqi oil pend further periodic reviews until Iraq re- and sell humanitarian goods under the U.N. verses course and resumes cooperation with ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program. UNSCOM and the IAEA. Iraq’s refusal to Resolution 1153 maintains the separate cooperate is a challenge to the authority of program for northern Iraq, administered di- the Security Council and to the credibility rectly by the U.N. in consultation with the of all international weapons nonproliferation local population. This program, which the efforts, since UNSCOM and the IAEA are United States strongly supports, receives 13 responsible to the Security Council for the to 15 percent of the funds generated under most thorough arms control regime on earth. the ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program. The separate northern program was established because of The U.N.’s ‘‘Oil-for-Food’’ Program the Baghdad regime’s proven disregard for We continue to support the international the humanitarian condition of the Kurdish, community’s efforts to provide for the hu- Assyrian, and Turkomen minorities of north- manitarian needs of the Iraqi people through ern Iraq and its readiness to apply the most the ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program and other human- brutal forms of repression against them. The itarian efforts. Under the last phase of the well-documented series of chemical weapons ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program, which ran from De- attacks a decade ago by the government cember 3, 1997, through June 2, 1998, $1.1 against civilians in the north is only one ex- billion worth of humanitarian goods were ap- ample of this brutality. In northern Iraq, proved for export to Iraq. United States com- where Baghdad does not exercise control, the panies can participate in ‘‘oil-for-food’’ and ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program has been able to oper- over $165 million worth of contracts for U.S. ate relatively effectively. The Kurdish fac- firms have been approved. tions are seeking to set aside their differences Under the current phase of ‘‘oil-for-food’’ to work together so that the UNSC Resolu- Iraq is authorized to sell up to $5.2 billion tion 1153 is implemented as efficiently as worth of oil every 180 days, up from $2.0 possible. billion in previous phases. Although the The U.N. must carefully monitor imple- UNSC resolution outlining this program, mentation of Resolution 1153. As the current Resolution 1153, was adopted on February phase anticipates a doubling of goods flowing 20, Iraq did not present an acceptable dis- into Iraq, including equipment for infrastruc- tribution plan for the implementation of Res- ture repairs in areas such as oil export capac- olution 1153 until May 27, 1998; it was ac- ity, generation of electricity, and water purifi- cepted by the U.N. Secretary General on cation, the U.N. faces increasing challenges May 29. in monitoring. The Iraqi government contin- Under the current phase of the ‘‘oil-for- ues to insist on the need for rapid lifting of food’’ program, 235 contracts for the pur- the sanctions regime, despite its clear record chase of humanitarian goods for the Iraqi of non-compliance with its obligations under people have been presented for approval; of relevant U.N. resolutions—a record which these, 162 contracts worth over $562 million was unanimously acknowledged during the have been approved and 13 are on hold Security Council’s 39th sanctions review on pending clarification of questions about the June 24. We will continue to work with the

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U.N. Secretariat, the Security Council, and mands that Iraq cease the repression of its others in the international community to en- own people. sure that the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people are met while denying any political Northern Iraq: Deepening Engagement or economic benefits to the Baghdad regime. In northern Iraq, the cease-fire between The Human Rights Situation in Iraq the Kurdish parties, established in November The human rights situation throughout 1997 as the result of U.S. efforts, continues Iraq continues to be a cause for grave con- to hold. It is strengthened by growing and cern. Particularly troubling are the assassina- effective cooperation between the parties on tions of two distinguished Shia clerics—Aya- humanitarian matters, particularly those re- tollah Borujerdi on April 22 and Grand Aya- lated to the U.N.’s ‘‘oil-for-food’’ program. tollah Mirza Ali Gharavi on June 18. These Working with the U.N., the Kurds have been killings have been widely attributed to the able to resolve nutrition and medical prob- Baghdad regime and were followed by an in- lems and look forward to rebuilding their in- creased security presence in the predomi- frastructure as U.N. programs expand. David nantly Shia cities of south and central Iraq, Welch, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary such as Najaf and Karbala. These events ex- of State for Near Eastern Affairs, led a U.S. pose a callous disregard for human life and delegation to the north, July 17–20. He en- the free exercise of religion. Summary, arbi- couraged the Kurds’ efforts towards peace; trary, and extra-judicial executions also re- underscored U.S. support for their human main a primary concern. Baghdad still re- rights, physical welfare and safety; and re- fuses to allow independent inspections of newed our decades-long engagement with Iraqi prisons despite the conclusion of U.N. them. During the visit, Massoud Barzani, Special Rapporteur for Iraq, Max Van der leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Stoel, that ‘‘there is strong evidence that hun- (KDP), and Jalal Talabani, leader of the Pa- dreds of prisoners (were) executed in Abu triotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), made posi- Graraib and Radwaniyah prisons’’ late last tive, forward-looking statements on political year. As noted in my last report, based on reconciliation, and they accepted separate in- these reports of summary executions and other ongoing humans rights violations, the vitations to visit the United States later this U.N. Human Rights Commission in April year. issued a strong condemnation of the ‘‘all-per- The United States firmly supports the ter- vasive repression and oppression’’ of the ritorial integrity of Iraq. Supporting the Iraqi government. Nevertheless, sources in- rights and welfare of Iraqi Kurds within Iraq side Iraq report another wave of executions in no way contradicts that support. The in June, with about sixty people summarily United States is committed to ensuring that killed. international aid continues to get through to In southern Iraq, the government contin- the north, that the human rights of the Kurds ues to repress the Shia population, destroying and northern Iraq minority groups, such as the Marsh Arabs’ way of life and the unique the Turkomen, Assyrians, Yezedis and others ecology of the southern marshes. In the are respected, and that the no-fly zone en- north, outside the Kurdish-controlled areas, forced by Operation Northern Watch is ob- the government continues the forced expul- served. sion of tens of thousands of ethnic Kurds and We will continue our efforts to reach a per- Turkomen from Kirkuk and other cities. The manent reconciliation through mediation in government continues to stall and obfuscate order to help the people of northern Iraq attempts to account for more than 600 Ku- find the permanent, stable settlement they waitis and third-country nationals who dis- deserve, and to minimize the influence of ei- appeared at the hands of Iraqi authorities ther Baghdad or Tehran. Baghdad continues during or after the occupation of Kuwait. The to pressure the two groups to enter into ne- Government of Iraq shows no sign of com- gotiations. plying with UNSC Resolution 688, which de-

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The Iraqi Opposition The United Nations Compensation It is the policy of the U.S. Government Commission to support the Iraqi opposition by establish- The United Nations Compensation Com- ing unifying programs on which all of the op- mission (UNCC), established pursuant to position can agree. Section 10008 of the 1998 UNSC Resolutions 687 and 692, continues Supplemental Appropriations and Rescis- to resolve claims against Iraq arising from sions Act (P.L. 105–174), earmarks $5 million Iraq’s unlawful invasion and occupation of in FY 98 Economic Support Funds for these Kuwait. The UNCC has issued over 1.3 mil- programs. These programs are designed to lion awards worth approximately $7 billion. encourage and assist political opposition Thirty percent of the proceeds from the oil groups, nonpartisan opposition groups, and sales permitted by UNSC Resolution 986, unaffiliated Iraqis concerned about their na- 1111, 1143, and 1153 have been allocated to the Compensation Fund to pay awards and tion’s future in peacefully espousing democ- to finance operations of the UNCC. To the racy, pluralism, human rights, and the rule extent that money is available in the Com- of law for their country. Based on extensive pensation Fund, initial payments to each consultations with opposition leaders and claimant are authorized for awards in the representatives, we have found a deep reso- order in which the UNCC has approved nance on several central themes. These are: them, in installments of $2,500. To date, 809 building a consensus on the transition from U.S. claimants have received an initial install- dictatorship to pluralism, conveying to the ment payment, and payment is still in process U.N. opposition views on Iraqi noncompli- for another 25 U.S. claimants. ance with U.N. resolutions and compiling in- formation to support indictment of Iraqi offi- Conclusion cials for war crimes. Iraq remains a serious threat to inter- Iraq is a diverse country—ethnically, reli- national peace and security. I remain deter- giously, and culturally. The Iraqi opposition mined to see Iraq comply fully with all of reflects this diversity. We emphasize themes its obligations under UNSC resolutions. The and programs, rather than individuals and United States looks forward to the day when groups, in order to encourage unity and dis- Iraq rejoins the family of nations as a respon- courage the rivalries which have divided the sible and law-abiding member. opposition in the past. Many opposition polit- I appreciate the support of the Congress ical groups that formerly coordinated their for our efforts and shall continue to keep the efforts decided several years ago to work Congress informed about this important independently. We are interested in working issue. with them towards greater unity on their own Sincerely, terms, not enforcing the issue by declaring William J. Clinton that any one group must take the lead. We firmly believe they can succeed in this effort. NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Newt Ging- We anticipate that there will be a need rich, Speaker of the House of Representatives, for additional funding for these programs as and Strom Thurmond, President pro tempore of the Senate. the opposition becomes more active and as it grows. The funds will be administered by the Department of State working through es- Remarks to a Gathering for Peace in tablished NGOs, Federal institutions, and Armagh, Northern Ireland comparable private organizations. To ensure September 3, 1998 transparency and accountability and to avoid creating potential rivalries among opposition Thank you. Thank you for the wonderful groups, none of these funds will go directly welcome. I am very, very proud to be the to any opposition group. first American President to visit Armagh.

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Thank you for making Hillary and me feel sure, so I’ll save all the genealogists a lot of so welcome tonight. trouble by saying, wherever I am tonight, it I thank Mayor Turner; my good friend is good to be home in Northern Ireland. Prime Minister Blair, who will speak in a mo- I am especially proud to be here with my ment. I thank First Minister Trimble and wife at this important time. Yesterday she First Deputy Minister Seamus Mallon for spoke to the Vital Voices Conference, hun- their remarks and their leadership. The role- dreds of women from Northern Ireland, modeling they are doing by working together working across all the lines that divide you, for a peace for all the people of Northern for a better future. Tonight we are proud to Ireland—I think we should give them both be in a place that is a spiritual home to Irish a big hand for that. [Applause] I thank them. people of both religious traditions and to mil- There are other members of the Assembly lions of Irish-Americans as well. here tonight who represent surrounding Armagh is a city on a hill in every sense. areas, Paul Berry, Danny Kennedy, Pat Your faith and tolerance are making a new McNamee, Conor Murphy, John Fee. We era of peace possible. For yourselves and all thank them for their service in Northern Ire- the world, in every act of genuine reconcili- land’s new Assembly, the hope for its peace- ation, you renew confidence that decency can ful future. triumph over hatred. You have inspired the I also would like to say a special word of rest of us to aim a little higher. I thank you, appreciation to the remarkable young woman and America thanks you, for the precious gift who introduced me, Sharon Haughey. I’ll you give us all, a gift of hope redeemed and never forget the letter she wrote me in 1995. faith restored. A 14-year-old girl, in the midst of all this vio- Indeed, I am tempted in this city of saints lence, said ‘‘Both sides have been hurt. Both and cathedrals to call the peace of 1998 a sides will have to forgive.’’ It was so simple, miracle. After all, it was delivered through so profound, that I quoted it when I came the agency of that good American angel, Sen- here 3 years ago. Well, she’s grown up to ator George Mitchell, who is here. It was de- be quite an impressive young 17-year-old, livered on Good Friday. and I was very honored to have her here to- Nonetheless, I think you would all agree night as the symbol of what Northern Ireland that, at least in the normal sense in which can become if you put away war and take we use the word, the peace of Good Friday up peace forever. Thank you, Sharon. was not a miracle. You did it yourselves. It I’d like to thank the wonderful choir who rose from the public’s passionate demand to sang for us a few moments ago. I would like take a different course. It came about from to thank the members of our delegation, the the hard work of leaders like those who are Secretaries of Education and Commerce, on this stage, from David Trimble and and 12 Members of the United States Con- Seamus Mallon, from the leaders of the other gress from both parties, for coming here. parties, from Tony Blair and the Irish Prime You know, many United States Presidents’ Minister, as well. ancestors actually came to America from It came from honest debate. And again, Northern Ireland. Andrew Jackson’s father it came loud and clear from an overwhelming was from Cerrick fergis in County Antrim. vote of the people for peace. It is you who Woodrow Wilson’s grandfather left Dergalt have told your leaders that you long for peace in County Tyrone. My ancestors were so as never before. You gave them the con- humble, everyone knows they came from fidence to move forward, to give up the past, somewhere in Northern Ireland, and no one and speak the language of the future. is quite sure where. [Laughter] Most believe Armagh has stood for these better aspira- the 18th century Cassadys, my mother’s peo- tions throughout its long history. If there is ple, were from County Fermanagh. Most be- a recurring theme to this seat of learning and lieve that those people were my forebears, religion, it is the largeness of the human spir- and I have a painted watercolor of an 18th it. Here, a Briton, Saint Patrick, devoted him- century farmhouse on our wall at the White self to the cause of Ireland and left a legacy House to prove it. The truth is, I can’t be of faith and compassion. Here, the Book of

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Armagh preserved his gentle message and Armagh with no anxiety about what street the power of the gospels. you walk down or with whom you talk. Think Today, the two cathedrals that dominate how beautiful this city can be without any the landscape stand for the idea that com- barbed wire and never a thought of a burned munion is better than destructive competi- church. Peace brings peace of mind and tion. Two proud traditions can exist side by prosperity and new friends eager to see this side, bringing people closer to God and clos- historic and compelling land for the first er to each other. I salute the leadership of time. People once were afraid to come to Dr. Sean Brady and Dr. Robin Eames, the Armagh and Northern Ireland. Now they will Archbishops of the Catholic and the Church be hard pressed to stay away. of Ireland dioceses, respectively. For years We wanted to come here in person to they have walked together when it counted. thank you—to thank you for the peace, to I salute the Presbyterians and the Methodists thank you for strengthening the hand of ev- who have worked hard for peace, indeed, the eryone—everyone anywhere who is working men and women of all denominations. to make the world a little better. Here, there have been difficulties, as else- When I go now to other troubled places, where, but the historic streets of this old I point to you as proof that peace is not an town remind us of a fundamental fact about idle daydream, for your peace is real, and your community: Armagh literally encircles it resonates around the world. It echoes in its many traditions in a single community. the ears of people hungry for the end of strife That is what Northern Ireland must do if you in their own country. Now when I meet Pal- want the future of peace and prosperity that estinians and Israelis, I can say, ‘‘Don’t tell belongs to the children in this crowd tonight. me it’s impossible. Look at Northern Ire- As you look ahead, to be sure, in this peace land.’’ When I meet Albanians and Serbs in process, there will be false steps and dis- Kosovo I can say, ‘‘Don’t tell me it’s impos- appointments. The question is not if the sible. Look at Northern Ireland.’’ When I peace will be challenged; you know it will. hear what the Indians and Pakistanis say The question is, how will you respond when about each other over their religious dif- it is challenged? You don’t have to look too ferences, I say, ‘‘Don’t tell me you can’t work far. The bomb that tore at the heart of this out. Look at Northern Ireland.’’ Cen- Omagh was a blatant attack on all of North- turies were put to bed, and a new day has ern Ireland’s people who support peace. dawned. Thank you for that gift to the world. The Prime Minister and Mrs. Blair and And never underestimate the impact you Hillary and I just came from Omagh. We met can have on the world. The great English with the families whose innocents were poet and clergyman, John Donne, wrote slaughtered. We met with those who were those famous lines, ‘‘No man is an island. We terribly wounded. We saw children scarred, are all a piece of the continent, a part of the some of them for life, because of the mad- main.’’ Tonight we might even say in this ness that if someone could just set off a big interconnected world, not even an island, not enough bomb and kill enough Protestants even a very unique island, not even Ireland and Catholics, kill enough men, women, and is fully an island. children, including two pregnant women, kill On this island, Northern Ireland obviously enough people from Northern Ireland, Ire- is connected in ways to the Republic, as well land, and foreign countries that maybe every- as to England, Scotland, and Wales, and in body would walk away from peace. ways, the Republic of Ireland is connected But it backfired. Out of the unimaginably to them also. All of you on this island increas- horrible agony of Omagh, the people said, ingly are connected to Europe and to the ‘‘It is high time somebody told these people rest of the world, as ideas and information that we are through with hate, through with and people fly across the globe at record war, through with destruction. It will not speeds. We are tied ever closer together, and work anymore.’’ we have obligations now that we cannot Think of what it will be like when everyone shirk, to stand for the cause of human dignity forever can simply walk freely through everywhere.

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To continue John Donne’s beautiful meta- sembly; and Prime Minister Bertie Ahern of Ire- phor, when the bells of Armagh toll, they ring land. out not just to the Irish of Protestant and Catholic traditions. They ring out to people everywhere in the world who long for peace Exchange With Reporters Prior to and freedom and dignity. That is your gift. Discussions With Prime Minister We Americans will do what we can to sup- Bertie Ahern of Ireland in Dublin port the peace, to support economic projects, to support education projects. Tomorrow the September 4, 1998 Secretary of Education will announce a coop- erative effort here to help children bring Senator Lieberman’s Remarks peace by doing cross-community civic projects. We know we have an obligation to Q. Mr. President, do you have any com- you because your ancestors were such a ments on Senator Lieberman’s remarks? source of strength in America’s early history. The President. I’ve been briefed on them, Because their descendants are building and basically I agree with what he said. I’ve America’s future today, because of all that, already said that I made a bad mistake, it we have not forgotten our debt to Ulster. But was indefensible, and I’m sorry about it. So we really owe an obligation to you because I have nothing else to say except that I can’t none of us are islands; we are all now a part disagree with anyone else who wants to be of the main. critical of what I have already acknowledged Three years ago I pledged that if you chose was indefensible. peace, America would walk with you. You Q. Do you think the Senate is the right made the choice, and America will honor its format for—— pledge. The President. That’s not for me to say. Thank you for the springtime of hope you That’s not for me to say. I don’t—I’ve known have given the world. Thank you for remind- Senator Lieberman a long time; we’ve ing us of one of life’s most important lessons, worked together on a lot of things; and I’m that it is never too late for a new beginning. not going to get into commenting on that one And remember, you will be tested again and way or the other. That’s not—it wouldn’t be again, but a God of grace has given you a an appropriate thing for me to do. new beginning. Now you must make the Q. But do you think it’s helpful for him most of it, mindful of President Kennedy’s to make that kind of—— adage that ‘‘here on Earth, God’s work must The President. It’s not for me to say. But truly be our own.’’ there’s nothing that he or anyone else could Your work is the world’s work. And every- say in a personally critical way that I—that where in every corner there are people who I don’t imagine that I would disagree with, long to believe in our better selves, who want since I have already said it myself, to myself. to be able to say for the rest of their lives, And I’m very sorry about it. There’s nothing in the face of any act of madness born of else I could say. hatred over religious, or racial, or ethnic or tribal differences—they want to be able to Q. Mr. President, do you think an official shake their fists in defiance and say, ‘‘Do not censure by the Senate would be inappropri- tell me it has to be this way. Look at North- ate? ern Ireland.’’ The President. I just don’t want to com- Thank you, and God bless you. ment on that. I shouldn’t be commenting on that while I’m on this trip, and I don’t think that—my understanding is that was not a de- NOTE: The President spoke at 8:00 p.m. at the cision that was made or advocated clearly Mall of Armagh. In his remarks, he referred to Mayor Robert Turner; Prime Minister Tony Blair yesterday. So I don’t want to get into that. of the United Kingdom and his wife Cherie; First If that’s not an issue, I don’t want to make Minister David Trimble and Deputy First Min- it, one way or the other. I don’t think that’s ister Seamus Mallon of the Northern Ireland As- appropriate right now.

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Northern Ireland Peace Process next—in many cases yesterday, letting them Q. Mr. President, it usually seems to take reaffirm their belief in the peace—some- a visit from you to give the peace process times that helps. a boost. Will we need to see you again? And what I was hoping to do yesterday The President. Well, for the sake of the was to bring the support of the people of peace process, I hope not. For my own sake, the United States as well as my own and Hil- I hope so. But I hope the next time I come lary’s to the families there, and just give them it won’t be in aid of the peace process, be- a chance to continue the healing process. cause I hope it will be institutionalized and I must say I was very, very impressed with off and going. the people of the community, who turned I do think that a lot of progress has been out on the street where the bomb had ex- made. I give the Taoiseach a lot of credit, ploded in large numbers to say hello to us Prime Minister Blair, and the party leaders. and to encourage us. And I’m grateful for I think the statements in the last few days that. But it was an amazing experience talk- by Gerry Adams and Mr. Trimble’s response ing to those families in the building there make me quite hopeful about next week. And and just listening to them. then, after that we’ll just have to see where Q. You were clearly moved by it. we go from there. The President. Anyone would have been. Q. Mr. President, do you believe that from Q. Mr. President, where do you rank the what you’ve heard from political leaders yes- Northern Ireland peace process among the terday that David Trimble is now ready to policy initiatives you’ve pursued in office? sit down with Gerry Adams in government The President. Oh, I don’t know about in Northern Ireland? ranking. It was important to me. Once I real- The President. Well, first of all, they ized that there was something the United talked about meeting, and I think they States could do, which probably happened need—I expect that at some point there will somewhere in late 1991, long before I was be a meeting, and I think that’s a good thing. elected, I decided I would try. And I just And then, we’ll have to take the next steps. hope it succeeds. I think that what you want is—what we all I believe that—at the end of the cold war, want is for the agreement to be fully imple- I think the United States has a particular re- mented so that all parts of it—the decommis- sponsibility that goes beyond my personal sioning, the participation in government by passion for the Irish question to do two everyone who qualifies by vote of the peo- things. One is to do whatever we can, wher- ple—all parts of it will be fully implemented. ever we can, to try to minimize the impact And I think that eventually it will get there, of ethnic and religious and tribal and racial and I hope it’s sooner rather than later. conflicts. And we’re in this position of re- Q. Mr. President, what were your views sponsibility there because of where we find of Omagh yesterday? It was a very emotional ourselves at the end of the cold war. day. You seemed to work the crowd so well; In addition to that, I think we have a par- you spent a lot of time meeting those people ticular responsibility to try to organize the there yesterday. What were your feelings? world against the new security threats of the The President. Well, first of all, like ev- 21st century, the terrorism and eryone in the world that knew about it, I was narcotraffickers, the potential for the spread just overwhelmed by the dimension of the of weapons of mass destruction. And I have tragedy and the random, cruel nature of the tried to do that. violence. And my experience has been, deal- I don’t suspect that either of those jobs ing with the families who have suffered a will be completely done in 2001 when I leave similar fate, is that they know there’s nothing office, but at least the world will be on the you can do to bring their loved ones back way to having a framework to deal with both or bring their limbs back or give them sight the opportunities for peace and the chal- or whatever else the problem may be, but lenges to security. And I think you have to sometimes just listening to people’s story and see the Irish question in that context, apart letting them say what they hope will happen from my personal feelings about it. Because

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if you, all of you—the Prime Minister of national or non-national global terrorist Great Britain and the Taoiseach and the Irish groups in a way that will provide a threat party leaders—if you’re able to make this to every country in the world. It’s just an peace go, as I said in Armagh yesterday, then entirely different situation. we can say to the places—to the Middle East; Q. Taoiseach, how important was the we can say in the Aegean; we can say in the President to the developments that took Indian subcontinent; we can say in the tribal place earlier this week which seemed to have strife of Africa, ‘‘Look at this thing that hap- injected a new momentum into the peace pened in Northern Ireland. There’s the process? Troubles for 30 years, but there were con- Prime Minister Ahern. They were im- flicts for hundreds of years. This can be mensely important, because even if Omagh done.’’ never happened and the terrible tragedy that And so the potential impact of resolving it was, in early September we had to focus this could wash over many more people than back, preparing for the next meeting of the just those that live on this island. Assembly, for heading on to preparations for the executive North-South Council and all Military Action Against Terrorist Sites of the other aspects of the agreement. And Q. Mr. President, how do you reconcile we needed to focus very clearly on those. the peaceful strides you’ve made in the And what the President’s visit has done is, Northern process with your foreign policy it has got the parties to, I think, move what and your reaction to the threat of Islamic might have taken weeks and months over a militants and the airstrikes on Afghanistan very short period, because they looked at the and Sudan? agenda that was set before us, and they’ve The President. Well, I think you have to, made the moves. first of all, look at what happened in the Mid- Now, there are clearly more moves to be dle East and here. In the Middle East and made. And I think what the President said here, I have worked hard to get people to in Armagh last night we would totally agree turn away from terror toward a peace proc- with in the Irish Government, because I ess, not just the Irish parties that had once think he’s laying down for us, and for all of participated in violence, but in the Middle us, that there is a path to follow. If we are East it’s the same. The PLO has moved away sensible, if we’re brave, and then we follow from violence towards the peace process. that path, the reward is peace and stability The problem with the bombings in our and confidence. If we don’t, well, then the Embassies in Africa is that they were carried future is as gloomy as the past. out by an operation which does not belong And I just believe that this visit at this to a nation and does not have a claim or a time, it has been immensely important. It’s grievance against the particular nation that given confidence to us all, I think, to move it wants to resolve so that it can be part of on. It’s given confidence, I think, to the a normal civic life. It is an organization with- Unionist Party and Sinn Fein to make moves out that kind of political agenda. Its agenda that are brave and efficient to the process. is basically to strike out against the United And we’re very grateful not only for this visit, States, against the West, against the people not only for the last visit, but the fact that in the Middle East it doesn’t like. And it is this President of the United States has given funded entirely from private funds under the us an enormous amount of time, a huge control of Usama bin Ladin, without the kind amount of support, and an enormous amount of objectives that we see that even on the of encouragement to move forward. And darkest days the Irish parties that were vio- we’re very grateful for that. lent had, the PLO had. Q. How will history judge his role, Presi- So it’s an entirely different thing. And I dent Clinton’s role, in the Northern Ireland think it’s quite important that people see it peace process? as different, because one of the things that Prime Minister Ahern. Well, I always say, we have to fight against is having the world’s President Carter and U.S. Presidents and narcotraffickers tie up with these multi- successive Presidents and administrations

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have taken an interest in affairs, and a sup- victims and to uncover what happened. And portive interest. But the facts are, never be- we will continue to do whatever we can to fore have we had such intense and sustained support the truly extraordinary efforts of the contact from the United States President, Canadian authorities. And I want to thank and that, in a period when we desperately them for what they have done. need it to be able to move forward. I said, Just for right now, I would like to ask all I think, in Washington last March that maybe of you in your own way, if we could, just it was the luck of the Irish, but we don’t take to take a moment to reflect in silence on this it for granted, and we’re very grateful for it. tragedy and on any senseless loss of life and ask that their families, of the people who NOTE: The exchange began at 11:12 a.m. in the were killed, be strengthened at this moment. Office of the Taoiseach. In his remarks, the Presi- Thank you very much. dent referred to Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams; First Minister David Trimble of the Northern Ire- [At this point, a moment of silence was ob- land Assembly; and Prime Minister Tony Blair of served.] the United Kingdom. A tape was not available for verification of the content of this exchange. Amen. Thank you. Let me say to all of you, it’s great to be back in Dublin. Even though there is a little Remarks at a Reception With rain in the air today, it’s always bright and Community Leaders in Dublin sunny for me here. The day that we were September 4, 1998 in College Green in 1995 will go down for me as one of the great days of my Presidency Thank you. Thank you, Taoiseach, Celia, and, indeed, one of the great days of my life. ladies and gentlemen. Hillary and I and all But these days have been good as well, of our American delegation are delighted to working to cement the peace process. And be here. I’ve been looking out in the crowd, I can’t say enough about the role of the and I see some Americans who have swelled Taoiseach in making this Irish peace process the ranks even since I arrived in Ireland. come to fruition. I want to say a little more Anytime we can pad your crowd, Taoiseach, about it later in specific terms as we look we want to do that. [Laughter] ahead, but I just want to say to all you, you I’d like to thank the Royal College of Sur- can be very proud of his leadership, as well geons for making it possible for us to be here as your own overwhelming vote for peace a and for setting a standard for international few months ago. excellence. I know there are now students I’d also like to thank Ireland for setting from over 40 nations here at this distin- a good example by building bridges to other guished institution. nations by being such an open economy, by If you would permit, before I get into my encouraging business ventures from around prepared remarks, I think that, for the bene- the world, and by working together here at fit of the Americans here and because it’s home. my only chance to talk to the press, I would We were talking before we came in about like to make just a couple of comments on this whole concept of social partners and how the terrible tragedy of the crashing of Swiss- all the elements of Irish society have worked air Flight 111. together to give you what is, I believe, the The victims, their families, their friends highest growth rate in Europe now—of any are very much in our thoughts and prayers. country of Europe—because you have A very large number of those victims were worked together to draw out the strengths American citizens but also a large number of every element of this society and to mini- were Europeans. And if you’ve been reading mize conflict. about it, you know that. It now appears that And all I can say is I hope there will be there were no survivors in what is the worst more of this in the years ahead. I hope that tragedy in the history of Swissair, with its very success will whet your appetite for working fine record. I have been fully briefed on the together instead of causing, as success some- extensive efforts under way to recover the times does, people to forget what brought

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them to the point of success. Because the strength and courage and lean on their Irish story is a truly astonishing, astonishing friends and neighbors and go forward. thing that I believe can be a model for na- So the most important thing I can say to tions large and small throughout the world. you here today is, I hope you will continue There has literally never been a better to be a model for the world in responsible time, I don’t suppose, to be Irish because citizenship. Ireland—there hasn’t been a day of the economic success, because of the ren- in the last 40 years that some citizen of this aissance in writing, filmmaking, because of great country has not been abroad in another what so many people are doing in so many land working for the cause of peace. I hope ways to advance the cause of peace. Of you will continue to be a model of an open course, for me, your overwhelming vote for economy, where people work together, in- peace and your constant leadership for the stead of fight with each other, to increase peace process over the last several years are wealth, employment, opportunity, and social the most important things. And I would like harmony. And I hope you will continue to to thank you on behalf of the American peo- labor for peace here, because if we can com- ple for what you have done. plete this peace process, as I said to the citi- I can also say that—to Prime Minister zens of Armagh yesterday, you can’t imagine Ahern, that peace literally would not have what it will enable the United States to do happened, in my judgment, if it hadn’t been in trying to stand up for peace in other parts for him. He led a campaign sometimes under of the world where people have fought over great personal duress. His pleas for peace their religious, their racial, their ethnic, their began early in his service. He has been fair tribal differences. I can always then say, no, and open. He has been terrifically effective no, no, look at Ireland, when they tell me in working with Prime Minister Blair and all it can’t be done. the parties in both communities. There are So please know that the rest of the world many people from many backgrounds who has an enormous stake in the way your soci- deserve a lot of credit for this peace, includ- ety conducts itself, in your economic success, ing George Mitchell, whose name was men- in your social harmony, and in your passion tioned earlier, but none more than Bertie for peace. So far, you are doing much better Ahern. And I thank him for that. than any of the rest of us could ever have The last time I saw the Taoiseach I believe dreamed or hoped for, and the world is in was on St. Patrick’s Day in Washington. He your debt. always comes there and gives me my sham- The United States is proud of our Irish rocks and puts me in a good frame of mind. ties, and I am personally extremely grateful [Laughter] And then we always have a cele- for what has been done here in these last bration at the White House in the evening, few years. and everybody is in a good frame of mind. Thank you very, very much. [Laughter] But we were especially happy this St. Patrick’s Day because the sense of peace NOTE: The President spoke at 1:05 p.m. at the was in the air. We thought there was a real Royal College of Surgeons. In his remarks, he re- possibility for all that has happened to occur. ferred to Prime Minister Bertie Ahern of Ireland; We now know from the tragedy of Omagh Celia Larkin, who accompanied Prime Minister Ahern; Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United and from those three small boys that were Kingdom; and former Senator George J. Mitchell, killed that there will be those who test the who chaired the multiparty talks in Northern Ire- peace, who do not want to move into tomor- land. row, who are literally trapped in the patterns, the hatreds, the mindset of yesterday. I think the most important thing that Hillary and I Remarks to Employees at Gateway, saw in Omagh yesterday was that even the Inc., in Santry, Ireland people who have suffered the most from the September 4, 1998 testers of the peace don’t want to give in to them. They don’t want to give in. They don’t Thank you for the wonderful welcome, the want to go back. They want to summon their waving flag, the terrific shirts. I want one of

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those shirts before I leave. At least shirts have can find on any street corner can master the not become virtual, you can actually have one skills of tomorrow. So this is a very happy of them. [Laughter] day. I want to say to the Taoiseach how very I want to thank the other officials from grateful I am for his leadership and friend- the Irish Government, Minister Harney and ship. But I must say that I was somewhat Minister O’Rourke and others. I thank my ambivalent when we were up here giving our great Commerce Secretary, Bill Daley, for virtual signatures. Do you have any idea how being here, and Jim Lyons, who heads my much time I spend every day signing my economic initiatives for Ireland, and Ambas- name? I’m going to feel utterly useless if I sador Jean Kennedy Smith, who has done a can’t do that anymore. [Laughter] By the magnificent job for us and will soon be going time you become the leader of a country, home after having played a major role in get- someone else makes all the decisions; you ting the peace process started, and we thank just sign your name. [Laughter] You may find her. you can get away with virtual Presidents, vir- I thank you all personally for the warm tual Prime Ministers, virtual everything. Just reception you gave George Mitchell, because stick a little card in and get the predictable you have no idea how much grief he gave response. me for giving him this job. [Laughter] You I want to congratulate Baltimore Tech- all voted for the agreement now, and every- nologies on making this possible, as well. And thing is basically going in the right direction, Ted Waitt, let me thank you for the tour of but it was like pulling fingernails for 3 years; this wonderful facility. As an American I have everybody arguing over every word, every to do one little chauvinist thing. I asked phrase, every semicolon, you know? In the Ted—I saw the Gateway—do you see the middle of that, George Mitchell was not all Gateway boxes over there and the Gateway that happy that I had asked him to undertake logo, and I got a Gateway golf bag before this duty. I came in, and it was black and white like But when you stood up and you clapped this. So I said, ‘‘Where did this logo come for him today, for the first time since I named from?’’ And he said, ‘‘It’s spots on a cow.’’ him, he looked at me and said thank you. He said, ‘‘We started in South Dakota and So thank you again; you made my day. [Ap- Iowa and people said, ‘How can there be a plause] Thank you. computer company in the farmland of Amer- I’d also like to thank your former Prime ica?’ ’’ And now there is one in the farmland Minister and Taoiseach, John Bruton, who’s of America that happens to be in Ireland. here and who also worked with us on the But it’s a wonderful story that shows the peace process. Thank you, John, for coming; point I want to make later, which is that there it’s delightful to see you. And I would like is no monopoly on brain power anywhere. you to know that there are a dozen Members There have always been intelligent people of the United States Congress here, from everywhere, in the most underinvested and both parties, showing that we have reached poorest parts of the world. Today on the across our own divide to support peace and streets of the poorest neighborhoods in the prosperity in Ireland. And I thank all the most crowded country in the world—which Members of Congress, and I’d like to ask is probably India, in the cities—there are them to stand up, just so you’ll see how many brilliant people who need a chance. there are here. Thank you very much. And technology, if we handle it right, will I know that none of the Irish here will be one of the great liberating and equalizing be surprised when I tell you that a recent forces in all of human history, because it poll of American intellectuals decided that proves that unlike previous economic waves, the best English language novel of the 20th you could be on a small farm in Iowa or century was a book set in Dublin, written South Dakota or you could be in a country by an Irishman, in Trieste, and Zurich, and like Ireland, long underinvested in by out- first published in New York and Paris—a siders, and all of a sudden open the whole metaphor of the world in which we now live. world up. And you can prove that people you James Joyce’s ‘‘Ulysses’’ was the product of

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many cultures, but it remains a deeply Irish er here than anywhere else—at Gateway, a work. company speaking many languages and most Some of you will remember that near the of all the language of the future. Gateway beginning of the book, Joyce wrote, ‘‘History and other companies like Intel and Dell and is a nightmare from which I am trying to Digital are strengthening Ireland’s historic awake.’’ Much of Irish history, of course, is links to the United States and reaching out rich and warm and wonderful, but we all beyond. know it has its nightmarish aspects. They are I think it is very interesting, and I was not the ones from which Ireland is now awaken- aware of this before I prepared for this trip, ing, thanks to those who work for peace and that Dublin is literally becoming a major tele- thanks to those who bring prosperity. communications center for all of Europe. Much of Ireland’s new history, of course, More and more Europeans do business on will be shaped by the Good Friday peace more and more telephones, and more and agreement. You all, from your response to more of their calls are routed through here. Senator Mitchell, are knowledgeable of it and You connect people and businesses in every proud of it, and I thank you for voting for combination: a German housewife, a French it in such overwhelming numbers in the Re- computer company, a Czech businessman, a public. Swedish investor, people all around Europe I think it’s important that you know it’s learning to do business on the Internet. a step forward not only for Irish people but At the hub of this virtual commerce is Ire- for all people divided everywhere who are land, a natural gateway for the future also seeking new ways to think about old prob- of such commerce between Europe and the lems, who want to believe that they don’t for- United States. In the 21st century, after years ever have to be at the throats of those with and years and years of being disadvantaged whom they share a certain land, just because they are of a different faith or race or ethnic because of what was most important to the group or tribe. The leaders and the people production of wealth, Ireland will have its of Ireland and Northern Ireland, therefore, day in the Sun because the most important are helping the world to awaken from his- thing in the 21st century is the capacity of tory’s nightmares. people to imagine, to innovate, to create, to Today Ireland is quite an expansive place, exchange ideas and information. By those with a positive outlook on the world. The standards, this is a very wealthy nation in- 1990’s have changed this country in profound deed. and positive ways. Not too long ago, Ireland Your growth has been phenomenal: last was a poor country by European standards, year, 7.7 percent; prices rising at only 1.5 inward-looking, sometimes insular. percent; unemployment at a 20-year low. Ire- Today, as much as any country in Europe, land is second only to the United States in Ireland is connected in countless ways to the exporting software. This year the Irish Gov- rest of the world, as Ted showed me when ernment may post a surplus of $1.7 billion. we moved from desk to desk to desk down- The Celtic tiger is roaring, and you should stairs with the people who were talking to be very proud of it. France and the people who were talking to It has been speculated, half seriously, that Germany and the people who were talking there are more foreigners here than at any to Scandinavia and on and on and on. time since the Vikings pillaged Ireland in the This country has strong trade relations 9th century. [Laughter] I guess I ought to with Britain and the United States, with warn you—you know, whenever a delegation countries of the European Union and be- of Congressmen comes to Ireland they all yond. And Ireland, as we see here at this claim to be Irish—and in a certain way they place, is fast becoming a technological capital all are—but one of the Members of the dele- of Europe. Innovative information compa- gation here, Congressman Hoyer, who has nies are literally transforming the way the been a great friend of the peace process, is Irish interact and communicate with other in fact of Viking heritage, descent. [Laugh- countries. That is clear here—perhaps clear- ter] Stand up, Steny.

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Now, all the rest of us come here and pan- massive amount of opportunity to ordinary der to you and tell you we love Ireland be- people who never would have had it before. cause there is so much Irish blood running A strong modern economy thrives on edu- in our veins. He comes here and says he loves cation, innovation, respect for the interests Ireland because there is so much of his blood of workers and customers and a respect for running in your veins. [Laughter] the Earth’s environment. An enlightened Let me get back to what I was saying about population is our best investment in a good the Internet because your position vis-a-vis future. Prosperity reinforces peace as well. telecommunication can be seen through that. The Irish have long championed prosperity, When I came here just 3 years ago—had one peace, and human decency, and for all that of the great days of my life; there was so I am very grateful. much hope about the peace process then— I would like to just say, because I can’t only 3 million people worldwide were con- leave Ireland without acknowledging this, nected to the Internet, 3 years ago. Today that there are few nations that have contrib- there are over 120 million people, a 40-fold uted more than Ireland, even in times which increase in 3 years. In the next decade, some- were difficult for this country, to the cause time it will be over a billion. Already, if you of peace and human rights around the world. travel, you can see the impact of this in Rus- You have given us now Mary Robinson to sia or in China or other far-flung places serve internationally in that cause. But since around the globe. peacekeeping began for the United Nations I had an incredible experience in one of 40 years ago, 75 Irish soldiers have given these Internet cafes in Shanghai, where I met their lives. with young high school students in China Today we work shoulder-to-shoulder in working the Internet. Even if they didn’t Bosnia and the Middle East. But I think you have computers at home, they could come should know, that as nearly as I can deter- to the cafe, buy a cup of coffee, rent a little mine, in the 40 years in which the world has time, and access the Internet. This is going been working together on peacekeeping, the to change dramatically the way we work and only country in the world which has never live. It is going to democratize opportunity taken a single, solitary day off from the cause in the world in a way that has never been of world peace to the United Nations peace- the case in all of human history. And if we keeping operations is Ireland. And I thank are wise and decent about it, we can not only you. generate more wealth, we can reduce future In 1914, on the verge of the First World wars and conflicts. War, which would change Europe and Ire- The agreement that we signed today does land forever, William Butler Yeats wrote his some important things. It commits us to re- famous line, ‘‘In dreams begin responsibil- duce unnecessary regulatory barriers, to re- ity.’’ Ireland has moved from nightmares to frain from imposing customs duties, to keep dreams. Ireland has assumed great respon- taxes to a minimum, to create a stable and sibility. As a result, you are moving toward predictable environment for doing business permanent peace, remarkable prosperity, un- electronically. It helps us, in other words, to paralleled influence, and a brighter tomor- create an architecture for one of the most row for your children. May the nightmares important areas of business activity in the stay gone, the dreams stay bright, and the century ahead. responsibility wear easily on your shoulder, There are already 470 companies in Ire- because the future is yours. land that are American, and many of them Thank you, and God bless you. are in the information sector. The number is growing quickly. So I say to you that I think this agreement we have signed today, and the NOTE: The President spoke at 4:12 p.m. on the factory floor. In his remarks, he referred to Ted way we have signed it, will not only be help- Waitt, chief executive officer, Gateway, Inc.; Dep- ful in and of themselves but will stand for uty Prime Minister Mary Harney and Minister for what I hope will be the future direction of Transportation, Energy, and Tourism Mary your economy and America’s, the future di- O’Rourke of Ireland; former Senator rection of our relationship, and will open a George J. Mitchell, who chaired the multiparty

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talks in Northern Ireland; and Mary Robinson, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights. A Digest of Other tape was not available for verification of the con- White House Announcements tent of these remarks. The following list includes the President’s public schedule and other items of general interest an- Message on the Observance of Labor nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and Day, 1998 not included elsewhere in this issue. September 4, 1998 August 30 For more than a century, we have set aside In the morning, the President and Hillary this time each year to pay tribute to Ameri- Clinton returned to Washington, DC, from ca’s working men and women. We honor the Martha’s Vineyard, MA, arriving in the after- heroes of our past, who built our great cities, noon. bridges, and railways; who cleared the fields and plowed the farms to feed our nation and August 31 the world; who climbed down mine shafts In the morning, the President traveled to and up the skeletons of skyscrapers to keep Herndon, VA, and in the afternoon, he re- America growing. We honor those men and turned to Washington, DC. Later, the Presi- women of conscience who fought for fair dent and Hillary Clinton traveled to Moscow, wages, decent working conditions, and equal Russia, arriving the following morning. opportunity for all. And we honor workers across America September 1 today, who are the heart of our nation and In the morning, the President participated the engine of our dynamic economy. In large in a wreath laying ceremony at the Tomb of part because of their efforts, productivity, the Unknown Soldier at the Kremlin. Later, and commitment to excellence, our nation he presented the members of the U.S. dele- is enjoying unprecedented growth and pros- gation to President Boris Yeltsin of Russia perity. Our economy is the best it has been in the Presidential Study at the Kremlin, in a generation. Inflation and unemployment after which the two Presidents had a separate are at their lowest levels in nearly 30 years, meeting. while real wages are growing at the fastest In the afternoon, the President had a rate in a quarter-century. working luncheon with President Yeltsin in Yet, in the spirit of those who came before the Presidential Living Room at the Kremlin. us, we must not become self-satisfied or com- Later, the President and Hillary Clinton met placent. As we celebrate Labor Day, let us with American business leaders at Moscow recommit ourselves to raising the minimum State University. wage, to promoting training and continuing In the evening, the President and Hillary education for workers, to providing afford- Clinton attended an official dinner hosted by able health care to every family, and to build- President Yeltsin in Catherine Hall at the ing a stronger national community of people Kremlin. who believe in the value of work and who The President announced his intention to recognize the importance of maintaining dig- appoint Roy A. Stein as Commissioner of the nity and justice for those who perform it. By Great Lakes Fisheries Commission. doing so, we can make the American Dream September 2 a reality for all our people and build a bright- In the morning, the President met with er future for our children. President Yeltsin in the Presidential Study Best wishes to all for a memorable holiday. at the Kremlin. Bill Clinton September 3 In the morning, the President traveled to NOTE: This message was made available by the Belfast, Northern Ireland. Later, he met with Office of the Press Secretary on September 4. First Minister David Trimble and Deputy

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First Minister Seamus Mallon of the North- Submitted August 31 ern Ireland Assembly in Room 106 of the Parliament Building. Peter J. Basso, Jr., In the afternoon, the President and Hillary of Maryland, to be an Assistant Secretary of Clinton traveled to Omagh, Northern Ire- Transportation, vice Louise Frankel Stoll, re- land. In the evening, they participated in a signed. wreath-laying ceremony on Market Street. H. Dean Buttram, Jr., Later, they traveled to Armagh, Northern of Alabama, to be U.S. District Judge for the Ireland, and then to Dublin, Ireland. Northern District of Alabama, vice Robert The President announced his intention to B. Propst, retired. nominate Joseph Swerdzewski to be General Counsel at the Federal Labor Relations Au- Inge Prytz Johnson, thority. of Alabama, to be U.S. District Judge for the The President announced his intention to Northern District of Alabama, vice James H. nominate Anita K. Jones, Pamela A. Fer- Hancock, retired. guson, and Robert C. Richardson to be mem- bers of the National Science Board, National Submitted September 2 Science Foundation. Robert Bruce Green, of Oklahoma, to be U.S. Attorney for the September 4 Eastern District of Oklahoma for the term In the evening, the President and Hillary of 4 years, vice John W. Raley, Jr., retired. Clinton traveled to Shannon, Ireland. The President declared a major disaster in Mary A. Ryan, South Carolina and ordered Federal aid to of Texas, a career member of the Senior For- supplement State and local recovery efforts eign Service, class of Career Minister, for the in the area struck by Hurricane Bonnie on personal rank of Career Ambassador in rec- August 25–September 1. ognition of especially distinguished service over a sustained period. The President declared a major disaster in Virginia and ordered Federal aid to supple- Submitted September 3 ment Commonwealth and local recovery ef- forts in the area struck by Hurricane Bonnie Pamela A. Ferguson, on August 25–September 1. of Iowa, to be a member of the National The President declared a major disaster in Science Board, National Science Founda- Florida and ordered Federal aid to supple- tion, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice ment State and local recovery efforts in the Shirley Mahaley Malcom, term expired. area struck by Hurricane Earl on September 3. Anita K. Jones, of Virginia, to be a member of the National Science Board, Nation Science Foundation, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice F. Albert Cotton, term expired.

Nominations Robert C. Richardson, Submitted to the Senate of New York, to be a member of the National Science Board, National Science Founda- tion, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice The following list does not include promotions of James L. Powell, term expired. members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of For- Joseph Swerdzewski, eign Service officers. of Colorado, to be General Counsel of the Federal Labor Relations Authority for a term of 5 years (reappointment).

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Checklist Released September 2 of White House Press Releases Transcript of a press briefing by Deputy Na- tional Security Adviser Jim Steinberg and The following list contains releases of the Office Press Secretary Mike McCurry on the Presi- of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as dent’s visit to Russia items nor covered by entries in the Digest of Other White House Announcements. Fact sheet: U.S.-Russian Export Control Co- operation Released August 29 Announcement of nomination for U.S. Attor- Statement by the Press Secretary on the ney for the Eastern District of Oklahoma Northwest Airlines pilots strike Announcement: Official Delegation to Rus- Released September 3 sia Transcript of a press readout by Press Sec- Released August 31 retary Mike McCurry Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- Transcript of a press briefing by Deputy Na- retary Mike McCurry, National Security Ad- tional Security Adviser Jim Steinberg on the viser Samuel Berger, and National Economic President’s visit to Northern Ireland Council Director Gene Sperling on the Statement by the Press Secretary: Rwanda President’s upcoming visit to Russia Tribunal Verdict Announcement of nominations for U.S. Dis- trict Judges for the Northern District of Ala- Statement by the Press Secretary on the bama President’s decision to send Special Middle East Coordinator Ambassador Dennis Ross Released September 1 back to the region Transcript of a press briefing by Special As- Text of the Plaque Presented to the People sistant to the President for National Security of Omagh Affairs Robert Bell, Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Threat Reduction) Ted Warner, NSC Senior Director for Non- Released September 4 proliferation Gary Samore, and Director of Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- Policy and Regional Affairs for Russia and retary Mike McCurry and Deputy National the New Independent States Debra Cagan Security Adviser Jim Steinberg on the Presi- on the President’s visit to Russia dent’s visit to Ireland Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- retary Mike McCurry, Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott, Deputy Treasury Sec- retary Larry Summers, National Economic Council Director Gene Sperling, and Senator Acts Approved Pete Domenici on the President’s visit to by the President Russia Fact sheet: Plutonium Disposition Statement NOTE: No acts approved by the President were Fact sheet: Joint Statement on the Exchange received by the Office of the Federal Register of Information on Missile Launches and during the period covered by this issue. Early Warning

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