Appendix 1 Photographs of Study Sites Plate A1.1 Dry sclerophyll heathland site at Challenger Track, West Head Ku- ring-gai Chase National Park Plate A1.2 Wet sclerophyll – temperate rainforest at dyke, West Head in Ku- ring-gai Chase National Park 204 Plate A1.3 Dry sclerophyll heathland site along Bundeena Road in Royal National Park Plate A1.4 Temperate rainforest site located along Bola Creek in Royal National Park (adjacent to Lady Carrington Drive walking track) 205 Appendix 2 Plant species used in leaf trait studies Table A2.1 Dry sclerophyll plant species found at Challenger track, West Head Ku- ring-gai Chase National Park # Plant species Family Herbs and shrubs less than 0.5m tall 1 Patersonia glabrata Iridaceae Herbs and shrubs 0.5m – 2m tall 2 Platysace linearifolia Apiaceae 3 Hibbertia monogyna Dilleniaceae 4 Leucopogon microphyllus Epacridaceae 5 Pultenaea elliptica Fabaceae 6 Persoonia lanceolata Proteaceae 7 Grevillea buxifolia Proteaceae 8 Isopogon anethifolius Proteaceae 9 Hemigenia purpurea Lamiaceae 10 Acacia suaveolens Mimosaceae Shrubs growing to more than 2m tall and trees 11 Eucalyptus haemastoma Myrtaceae 12 Corymbia gummifera Myrtaceae 13 Angophora hispida Myrtaceae 14 Leptospermum trinervium Myrtaceae 15 Banksia serrata Proteaceae 16 Hakea teretifolia Proteaceae Table A2.2 Dry sclerophyll plant species found along Bundeena Road, Royal NP # Plant species Family Herbs and shrubs 0.5m – 2m tall 1 Platysace linearifolia Apiaceae 2 Caustis recurvata Cyperaceae 3 Leucopogon microphyllus Epacridaceae 4 Pultenaea elliptica Fabaceae 5 Persoonia lanceolata Proteaceae 6 Grevillea sphacelata Proteaceae 7 Isopogon anethifolius Proteaceae 8 Hemigenia purpurea Lamiaceae 9 Acacia suaveolens Mimosaceae Shrubs growing to more than 2m tall and trees 10 Allocasuarina distyla Casuarinaceae 11 Eucalyptus haemastoma Myrtaceae 12 Corymbia gummifera Myrtaceae 13 Angophora hispida Myrtaceae 14 Leptospermum trinervium Myrtaceae 15 Banksia serrata Proteaceae 16 Hakea teretifolia Proteaceae 206 Table A2.3 Wet sclerophyll plant species found at the dyke, West Head Ku-ring gai Chase National Park # Plant species Family Herbs and shrubs less than 0.5m tall 1 Lepidosperma laterale Cyperaceae 2 Pteridium esculentum Dennstaedtiaceae Herbs and shrubs 0.5m – 2m tall 3 Breynia oblongifolia Euphorbiaceae 4 Pultenaea daphnoides Fabaceae 5 Citriobatus pauciflorus Pittosporaceae 6 Pomaderris ferruginea Rhamnaceae 7 Macrozamia communis Zamiaceae Shrubs growing to more than 2m tall and trees 8 Livistona australis Arecaceae 9 Allocasuarina torulosa Casuarinaceae 10 Pultenaea flexilis Fabaceae 11 Synoum glandulosum Meliaceae 12 Acacia floribunda Mimosaceae 13 Syncarpia glomulifera Myrtaceae Twiners and Vines 14 Hibbertia dentata Dilleniaceae 15 Cissus hypoglauca Vitaceae Table A2.4 Temperate rainforest plant species found along Bola Creek, Royal NP # Plant species Family Herbs and shrubs less than 0.5m tall 1 Blechnum cartilagineum Blechnaceae 2 Gymnostachys anceps Araceae Herbs and shrubs 0.5m – 2m tall 3 Wilkiea huegelianna Monimiaceae 4 Citriobatus pauciflorus Pittosporaceae 5 Tasmannia insipida Winteraceae Shrubs growing to more than 2m tall and trees 6 Livistona australis Arecaceae 7 Doryphora sassafras Atherospermataceae 8 Ceratopetalum apetalum Cunoniaceae 9 Diospyros australis Ebenaceae 10 Trochocarpa laurina Epacridaceae 11 Syncarpia glomulifera Myrtaceae 12 Acmena smithii Myrtaceae 13 Citriobatus pauciflorus Pittosporaceae Vines and climbers 14 Palmeria scandens Monimiaceae 15 Ripogonum album Smilacaceae 207 Plate A2.1 Dry sclerophyll plant species used in study (1) Species: Platysace linearifolia Family: Apiaceae Desciption: Very common small shrub, growing to 1.5 m tall. Hairless branches which may be erect or somewhat spreading. Leaves narrow to linear, up to 25 mm long. Flowers white. Compound umbels 5-7mm across Habitat: Open forest, on sandy soils Distribution: Common from coast to mountains. Flowering: November-February www.anbg.gov.au; (Fairley and Moore, 1989) Species: Leucopogon microphyllus Family: Epacridaceae Description: Small, flat, firm, ovate to narrow lance shaped and obtuse leaves, usually 2-4 mm long. Plant may be erect or straggling, 30-80 cm tall. Numerous small side branches. Woolly white flowers clustered at ends of side branches. Habitat: Heath and open forest, on sandy soils Distribution: Widespread, coast to mountains Flowering: May – November www.capricornica.com; (Fairley and Moore, 1989) Species: Hemigenia purpurea Family: Lamiaceae Description: Common slender undershrub on sandy heaths around Sydney. Leaves terete, crowded, up to 15 mm long. Flowers lilac and borne singly in upper leaf axils. Habitat: Heath, on sandy soils. Distribution: Restricted to the central coast and Blue Mountains. Flowering: June - January www.kjbeath.com.au; (Fairley and Moore, 1989) Species: Pultenaea elliptica Family: Fabaceae Description: Erect shrub; upright elliptical leaves crowded along stems. Leaves slightly concave, 7- 12 mm long; obtuse or pointed apex; have clear midrib. Juvenile leaves covered with long weak hairs; older mostly without hairs. Flowers reddish orange to yellow; mostly stalkless; clusters at end of leafy branchlets. Habitat: Open forest, on sandy soils Distribution: Widespread, coast to mountains Flowering: September – December. www.capricornica.com; (Fairley and Moore, 1989) 208 Plate A2.2 Dry sclerophyll plant species used in study (2) Species: Hibbertia monogyna Family: Dilleniaceae Description: Erect shrub up to 50cm tall. Leaves broad up to tip and narrowed at base, up to 12mm long and wedge shaped. Broad tip often notched. Flowers have stamens all around carpels. Carpels glabrous. Habitat: Open forest, on sandy soils. Distribution: Mainly Blue Mountains, but extending to coast. Flowering: August – October. www.capricornica.com; (Fairley and Moore, 1989) Species: Acacia suaveolens Family: Mimosaceae Description: prostrate to erect shrub, 0.3-2.5 m high. Phyllodes narrow, slightly curved, rather erect (5-15cm long, 2-10mm wide). Distinct gland near base of phyllodes. Seed pods ± straight, ± flat, 2-5 cm long, 8-17 mm wide. Habitat: Open forest, woodland and heath, on sandy soils. Distribution: Widespread, coast to mountains. Flowering: April - September. www.capricornica.com; (Harden, 1993) Species: Grevillea buxifolia spp. buxifolia Family: Proteaceae Description: Erect to spread shrub 0.5-2m high. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, under 2cm long. Inflorescences subumbellate to loosely subglobose. Flower heads grey as a result of dense hairs covering perianth tube and style. Young branchlets covered in brown hairs. Habitat: Open forest and heath, on sandy soils. Distribution: Widespread, coast to mountains Flowering: spring to autumn. www.anbg.gov.au; (Harden, 1993) Species: Isopogon anethifolius Family: Proteaceae Description: Erect shrub, 1-3m tall. Leaves 4- 15cm long, divided into narrow terete (needle- like) segments. Leaf segments point upwards. Stems often reddish. Flowers yellow, in dense terminal stalkless globular cones. Habitat: Shallow sandy soils, in dry eucalypt forest and heath. Distribution: Common, coast to mountains Flowering: September - December www.anbg.gov.au; (Harden, 1993) 209 Plate A2.3 Dry sclerophyll plant species used in study (3) Species: Hakea teretifolia Family: Proteaceae Description: spreading shrub 1-3 m high with rigid divaricate branches; Leaves often crowded, terete, 1.5-7cm long. Flowers white, with softly hairy perianth; borne in great profusion along branchlets. Fruits 30 mm long, narrow with long dagger-like point. Habitat: Scrubland and heath, in both dry and wet soils. Distribution: Widespread, coast to mountains. Flowering: late spring to early summer. www.yallaroo.com.au; (Harden, 2002) Species: Banksia serrata Family: Proteaceae Description: shrub or tree, to 16 m high; bark warty, ± friable. Leaves alternate, ±crowded, oblong to narrow-obovate, 5-10 cm long, 15-40 mm wide, bluntly toothed. Flower spikes large, up to 16 cm long and 10 cm wide. Plant may be dwarfed on exposed coastal heaths to less than 1 m tall. Habitat: Dry open forest, heath and coastal hind dunes, on sandy soils. Distribution: Coast to mountains. Flowering: January-June . www.mpiz-koeln.mpg; (Harden, 2002) Species: Persoonia lanceolata Family: Proteaceae Description: erect to spreading shrub. Leaves oblanceolate to obovate or narrow-spathulate, 3- 10cm long, 1-2 cm wide, with a distinct tip. They are without veins, except midvein. Young branches and flower stalks often covered with soft white hairs. Fruit borne in leaf axils on very short stalks. Habitat: Open forest and heath, on sandy soils. Distribution: Widespread, coast to mountains. Flowering: Most of the year. (Harden, 2002) Species: Leptospermum trinervium Family: Myrtaceae Description: shrub to small tree, usually 2-5 m high, bark in thin flaking layers. Leaves are 10-20 mm long, oblong-elliptic and blunt. Flowers solitary or 2 together, 7-15mm diam., white. The floral tube and fruit are covered with long weak grey hairs. Habitat: Dry open forest and scrubland, on sandy soil. Distribution: Widespread and common, coast to mountains. Flowering: August – December. www.anbg.gov.au; (Harden, 2002) 210 Plate A2.4 Dry sclerophyll plant species used in study (4) Species: Angophora hispida Family: Myrtaceae Description: malle or tree to 7m high. Loose, flaky rough bark and stiff, broad stalkless leaves in opposite pairs. Leaves dull yellowish green above and greyish beneath; obtuse at tip, usually heart shaped at base. Young branches,