DOCSLIB.ORG

An Evaluation of the Antiquity of Great Basin Carved Abstract Rock Art in the Northern Great Basin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Evaluation of the Antiquity of Great Basin Carved Abstract Rock Art in the Northern Great Basin University of Nevada, Reno Paleoindian Rock Art: An Evaluation of the Antiquity of Great Basin Carved Abstract Rock Art in the Northern Great Basin A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Emily S. Middleton Dr. Geoffrey M. Smith/Thesis Advisor May, 2013 © Emily S. Middleton 2013 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by EMILY S. MIDDLETON entitled Paleoindian Rock Art: An Evaluation of the Antiquity of Great Basin Carved Abstract Rock Art in the Northern Great Basin be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Geoffrey M. Smith, Advisor James P. Barker, Committee Member Peter J. Goin, Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2013 i ABSTRACT One of the principle ways that researchers assign sites to particular time periods is using temporally diagnostic projectile points as index fossils; however, this practice has not been widely employed to date rock art sites. I use this approach to add an additional line of evidence supporting other researchers’ suggestions that a unique style of rock art found in the northern Great Basin is older than the majority of rock art found in the region. This style, termed Great Basin Carved Abstract (GBCA), has been found buried beneath a sealed deposit of Mazama tephra (~6,850 14C BP), which suggests that the style dates to at least the Early Holocene. I present frequencies of temporally diagnostic projectile points found at 55 GBCA sites in the northern Great Basin to argue that this style dates to the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene (TP/EH) transition (~12,500- 7,500 14C BP). Furthermore, I examine the relationship between GBCA rock art and several environmental variables to test traditional models of TP/EH land use. I propose a new model of land use for the earliest period of prehistory in the northern Great Basin that better incorporates all available data from the TP/EH; a dataset that now includes rock art. ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my mother, Kelly. Both personally and professionally, you have always been my role model. You never failed to encourage me, believe in me, and have always been my biggest fan. For your countless years of sacrifice, I dedicate the final product of my own two years of work to you – it will never compare with everything you have done for me, but I offer it nonetheless. Thank You, Mom. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My most sincere thanks are given to those who have provided their assistance throughout my graduate career. First, the Great Basin Paleoindian Research Unit (GBPRU) provided funding, employment, and ultimately peace of mind for the entirety of my time at UNR, allowing me to focus on classes, research, and writing rather than a 9-5 job. To the faculty of the Anthropology Department, thank you for the spectacular graduate program you have crafted and continue to improve each year; the support that the entire department provides to each of its graduate students on an individual and personal basis creates a working environment that allows us each to flourish in our own ways while still molding us to be better students, professionals, and people. In particular, my advisor, Dr. Geoffrey Smith, has perfected this technique. Your guidance over the past two years has often been subtle and always in the most polite ways, but the knowledge you have imparted is unmistakable. You have encouraged my professional development and I consider myself an immeasurably better writer, public speaker, and archaeologist. Those of us who get to call you Advisor are a lucky bunch. To my other committee members, Pat Barker and Peter Goin, your advice has been equally important. Thank you both for your brainstorming efforts at the outset and help in developing a research topic. Pat, your knowledge of and familiarity with all things Great Basin rock art has been an invaluable resource. My research is stronger thanks to your keen observation that my rock art thesis was a bit lacking in – of all things – rock art! To Peter, your perspective has prompted me to evaluate some of my assumptions and look critically at my work. iv I also must thank Bill Cannon, Archaeologist for Oregon’s Lakeview District BLM; you were instrumental in facilitating this research. Not only did you take time out of your undoubtedly busy schedule to take me to see these spectacular rock art sites firsthand, but you allowed me access to the data that you painstakingly compiled over the years. I hope I have done it justice. Back at UNR, my fellow graduate cohort has done their share of facilitating as well. Your company, support, mutual commiseration, and above all, your humor have made the difficulties somehow enjoyable. The beer didn’t hurt either… Finally, I acknowledge my family: Mom, Nana, and Tyler. Though it was never often enough, the times I did come back home served to recharge my batteries and remind me of who I am – that the overstressed and under-slept graduate student I had become was only temporary. Robin (and Vaughn) had to deal with that person all too often. I thank you Robin for your encouragement, your love, and your patience – I am in your debt. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... i DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 Research Background ..............................................................................................4 Environment and Climate ............................................................................4 The Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Transition, 12,500-7,500 14C BP ....................................................................................5 The Middle Holocene, 7,500-5,000 14C BP .................................................6 The Late Holocene, 5,00014C BP-Present ....................................................7 The Human Colonization of the Great Basin ...........................................................7 Prehistoric Lifeways ................................................................................................9 Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Lifeways ..........................................9 Middle Holocene Lifeways ........................................................................12 Late Holocene Lifeways ............................................................................14 Situating Great Basin Rock Art within a Broader Context ....................................14 GBCA Rock Art .........................................................................................18 Research Goals.......................................................................................................29 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS .............................................................................................30 Documentation and Recordation of GBCA Rock Art Sites...................................32 vi Establishing Temporal Associations: Diagnostic Artifacts Associated with GBCA Rock Art ...........................................................33 The Paleoindian Period: 11,000-7,500 14C BP ..........................................34 Great Basin Fluted Projectile Points ..............................................34 Great Basin Concave Base Projectile Points .................................35 Great Basin Stemmed Series Projectile Points ..............................35 Windust Stemmed Projectile Points...............................................36 Cascade Projectile Points ...............................................................36 Crescents ........................................................................................37 The Early Archaic Period: 7,500-5,000 14C BP .........................................37 Northern Side-Notched Projectile Points .......................................37 The Middle Archaic Period: 5,000-1,500 14C BP ......................................40 Humboldt Concave-Base Projectile Points ....................................40 Gatecliff Contracting Stem Projectile Points .................................40 Gatecliff Split Stem Projectile Points ............................................40 Elko Corner-Notched Projectile Points ..........................................40 Elko Eared Projectile Points ..........................................................41 The Late Archaic Period: 1,500-70014C BP ..............................................41 Rosegate Corner-Notched Projectile Points ...................................41 The Proto-Historic Period: 700 14C BP-Contact ........................................41 Desert Side-Notched Projectile Points ...........................................41 Cottonwood Triangular Projectile Point ........................................41 Data from GBCA Rock Art Sites...........................................................................42
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)
    i ,' o () (\ ô OnBcox HrsroRrc Tnans Rpponr ô o o o. o o o o (--) -,J arJ-- ö o {" , ã. |¡ t I o t o I I r- L L L L L (- Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council L , May,I998 U (- Compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White. Copyright @ 1998 Oregon Trails Coordinating Council Salem, Oregon All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon's Historic Trails 7 Oregon's National Historic Trails 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail I3 Oregon National Historic Trail. 27 Applegate National Historic Trail .41 Nez Perce National Historic Trail .63 Oregon's Historic Trails 75 Klamath Trail, 19th Century 17 Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 81 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, t83211834 99 Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1 833/1 834 .. 115 Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 .. t29 V/hitman Mission Route, 184l-1847 . .. t4t Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 .. 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 .. 183 Meek Cutoff, 1845 .. 199 Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 General recommendations . 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 241 Lewis & Clark OREGON National Historic Trail, 1804-1806 I I t . .....¡.. ,r la RivaÌ ï L (t ¡ ...--."f Pðiräldton r,i " 'f Route description I (_-- tt |".
    [Show full text]
  • AUDUBON SOCIETY of PORTLAND Summer Camps!
    See page 7 for AUDUBON SOCIETY of PORTLAND Summer Camps! Black-throated MAY/JUNE 2013 Gray Warbler Volume 77 Numbers 5&6 Warbler Inside: Bird Song Walks continue Author Events: Handy Birdathon In this issue... in May at 7am Come to All Four! Envelope See page 3 See pages 2 & 9 See page 12 Vote Yes by May 21on Measure 26-152 to Restore Our Natural Areas by Jim Labbe, Urban Conservationist y the time you receive this Warbler, the May B2013 Special Election will be only a couple of weeks away. Photo: Gladys Ruiz Photo: D.Schertz We need your help making an extra push to spread the word When Kids & Teens Inspire Us and turn out the Yes votes for by Ian Abraham, Camp Director Measure 26-152. Please talk to your friends, family members, ong before the first week of camp begins, before the co-workers, and neighbors Animal Tracking 2011 photo: D.Schertz first camper arrives ready for an Audubon Summer about this important measure Paddling the Willamette LCamp, preparations for these marvelous adventures Yet oftentimes it is us who in the upcoming election. Narrows © Jim Labbe have begun. In truth, we begin planning for the next year’s are inspired! During staff Summer Camps before the current camps have come to training we discuss the In both 1995 and 2006, voters from Forest Grove to an end. We create the array of different camps to offer, impact that journaling Troutdale and from Portland to Wilsonville passed reserve the camping and field trip sites, get permits, reserve activities can have, and regional natural area acquisition bond measures by vehicles, buy supplies, and arrange a myriad of details to engage our staff in a number large majorities (60% or more).
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Plant Protection & Conservation Programs
    Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Protection & Conservation Programs ANNUAL REPORT 2020 www.oregon.gov/ODA Plant Protection & Conservation Programs Phone: 503-986-4636 Website: www.oregon.gov/ODA Find this report online: https://oda.direct/PlantAnnualReport Publication date: March 2021 Table Tableof Contents of Contents ADMINISTRATION—4 Director’s View . 4 Retirements: . 6 Plant Protection and Conservation Programs Staff . 9 NURSERY AND CHRISTMAS TREE—10 What Do We Do? . 10 Christmas Tree Shipping Season Summary . 16 Personnel Updates . .11 Program Overview . 16 2020: A Year of Challenge . .11 New Rule . 16 Hawaii . 17 COVID Response . 12 Mexico . 17 Funding Sources . 13 Nursery Research Assessment Fund . 14 IPPM-Nursery Surveys . 17 Phytophthora ramorum Nursery Program . 14 National Traceback Investigation: Ralstonia in Oregon Nurseries . 18 Western Horticultural Inspection Society (WHIS) Annual Meeting . 19 HEMP—20 2020 Program Highlights . 20 2020 Hemp Inspection Annual Report . 21 2020 Hemp Rule-making . 21 Table 1: ODA Hemp Violations . 23 Hemp Testing . .24 INSECT PEST PREVENTION & MANAGEMENT—25 A Year of Personnel Changes-Retirements-Promotions High-Tech Sites Survey . .33 . 26 Early Detection and Rapid Response for Exotic Bark Retirements . 27 and Ambrosia Beetles . 33 My Unexpected Career With ODA . .28 Xyleborus monographus Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) Trapping . 34 2020 Program Notes . .29 Outreach and Education . 29 Granulate Ambrosia Beetle and Other Wood Boring Insects Associated with Creosoting Plants . 34 New Detections . .29 Japanese Beetle Program . .29 Apple Maggot Program . .35 Exotic Fruit Fly Survey . .35 2018 Program Highlights . .29 Japanese Beetle Eradication . .30 Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Program . .35 Grasshopper Outbreak Response – Harney County .
    [Show full text]
  • Josephine County, Oregon, Historical Society Document Oregonłs
    Finding fossils in Oregon is not so much a question of Places to see fossils: where to look for them as where not to look. Fossils are rare John Day Fossil Beds National Monument in the High Lava Plains and High Cascades, but even there, , _ Contains a 40-million year record of plant and animal life . ·� � .11�'!]�:-.: some of the lakes are famous for their fossils. Many of the ill the John Day Basill ill central Oregon near the towns of .• .� . ' · sedimentary rocks in eastern Oregon contain fossil leaves or · ,,����<:l. · . ' · •· Dayville' Fossil, and Mitchell. The Cant Ranch Visitor ; ' " ' ' j ' .- � bones. Leaffossils are especially abundant in the - Center at Sheep Rock on Highway 19 includes museum : ,· .,, 1 • , .. rocks at the far side of the athletic · exhibits of fossils. Open every day 8:30-5. For general l· · . ., ;: . · : field at Wheeler High School ,...,..;� information, contact John Day Fossil Beds National . -- - ' '· in the town of Fossil. Monument, 420 West Main St., John Day, OR 97845, ' l-, Although it is rare to phone (503) 575-0721. find a complete Oregon Museum of Science and Industry animal fossil, a 1945 SE Water Ave., Portland, OR 97214. Open Thurs. & search of river Fri. 9:30-9; Sat. through Wed. 9:30-7(sumrner hours); beds may turn . l 9:30-5(rest of year), phone (503) 797-4000 up c h1ps or Condon Museum, University of Oregon even teeth. In Pacific Hall, Eugene, OR 97403. Open only by western appointment, phone (503) 346-4577. Oregon, the ' . ; Douglas County Museum of History and sedimentary ' r Natural History rocks that are 1 primarily off1-5 at exit 123 at Roseburg (PO Box 1550, Roseburg, marine in OR 97470).
    [Show full text]
  • The Chewaucan Cave Cache: the Upper and Lower Chewaucan Marshes
    Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology | Vol. 33, No. 1 (2013) | pp. 72–87 The Chewaucan Cave Cache: the Upper and Lower Chewaucan marshes. Warner provided a typed description of the cave location and A Specialized Tool Kit from the collector’s findings; that document is included in the Eastern Oregon museum accession file. He described the cave as being nearly filled to the ceiling with silt, stone, sticks, animal ELIZABETH A. KALLENBACH Museum of Natural and Cultural History bone, and feces. On their first day of excavation, the 1224 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1224 diggers sifted through fill and basalt rocks from roof fall, finding projectile points, charred animal bone, and The Chewaucan Cave cache, discovered in 1967 by relic pieces of cordage and matting. On the second day, they collectors digging in eastern Oregon, consists of a large discovered the large grass bag. grass bag that contained a number of other textiles and Warner’s description noted that the bag was leather, including two Catlow twined baskets, two large “located about eight feet in from the mouth of the cave folded linear nets, snares, a leather bag, a badger head and two feet below the surface.” It was covered by a pouch, other hide and cordage, as well as a decorated piece of tule matting, and lay on a bed of grass, with a basalt maul. One of the nets returned an Accelerator Mass sage rope looped around the bag. The bag contained Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon date of 340 ± 40 B.P. two large Catlow twined baskets, a leather bag, and The cache has been noted in previous publications, but leather-wrapped cordage and sinew bundles.
    [Show full text]
  • 160 Acres Deeded on Steens
    64347 HARNEY AVE CRANE, OR 97732 160 ACRES ON STEENS MT. NO IMPROVEMENTS TWO CREEKS ON 160 ACRES DEEDED ON PROPERTY STEENS MT. QUAKING ASPENS, MAHOGANY, AND JUNIPERS TREES ACCESS OFF OF NORTH STEENS LOOP ROAD RARE OPPORTUNITY! $480,000.00 SOME TERMS ALL INFORMATION IS FROM SOURCES DEEMED RELIABLE, BUT IS NOT GUARANTEED BY THIS BROKER OR HIS AGENTS. PROSPECTIVE BUYERS SHOULD CHECK ALL INFORMATION TO THEIR OWN SATISFACTION. PROPERTY POSSIBLE IS SUBJECT TO PRIOR SALE, PRICE CHANGE, CORRECTION, OR WITHDRAWAL. LOCATION: This property is located on the unique and beautiful Steens Mountain in the high desert country of eastern Oregon. It is in T33S, R32.75 EWM, all in section 2: SE 1/4 NE 1/4; NE 1/4 SE 1/4; S 1/2 SE 1/4. There is a re-plat adjustment being done, and this property will be in one tax lot. The access is on North Steens Loop Rd, about 15 miles east of Frenchglen, OR. From the North Steens Loop Road, turn south on a short stretch of BLM road for about 200 yards and then a deeded easement through a neighboring property. Frenchglen is about 60 miles south of Burns, OR. There is a paved highway to Frenchglen, and the last 15 miles to the turnoff to the property is a gravel road. PROPERTY: 160 acres of prime Steens Mountain property located just about 1 1/2 miles west of Fish Lake. This land includes ridges and two drainages. One is Lake Creek, which runs out of Fish Lake, and the other is Fish Creek.
    [Show full text]
  • Steens Mountain National ""Back Country Byway Featuring • the Dying Lakes • the Speed Demon • the Fault's Fault • the Riddles of the Steens • and Many Others
    Oregon The Secrets of the Steens [••i Steens Mountain National ""Back Country Byway featuring • The Dying Lakes • The Speed Demon • The Fault's Fault • The Riddles of the Steens • and many others U.S. DEPARTMENT OF I HE INI ERIOR Bureau of'Lahd Management Bl M /OR / WA /95 / UJ-26/.2211.22 Steens Mountain National Back Country Byway Length: 66 miles Open for use: The entire loop is usually open from July 1-October 31. Depending on snow condi­ tions, sections of the road may open earlier and later. For up-to-date information call the Burns District of the BLM at 541-573-4400, or write to the District Manager at: HC74 12533 Hwy 20 W, Hines, OR 97738. Road Conditions: The road is rough and rocky in places and has steep, narrow stretches with no guardrails. Motor homes, trailers, and cars with low clearance are not recommended. Suggested maximum speed is less than 35 MPH. Hazards: Dramatic weather changes are not uncom­ mon. Be prepared for sudden lightning storms, snow, rain and high winds. Visitor Facilities: BLM fee campgrounds with drinking water and vault toilets are located at Page Springs, Fish Lake, Jackman Park, and South Steens. A private campground, gas, phone, and store are available at Frenchglen. Jackman Park Campground PRIVATE LAND EXISTS ON THE STEENS AND MAY BE USED ONLY WITH THE Steens Mountain - Something OWNERS PERMISSION. for Everyone Additional Information: Information is contained The Steens is rich in history, natural beauty, and re­ on the south half Burns District Map, available sources. It provides for a variety of uses including at the Burns District Office west of Hines, recreation, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, Oregon, on Highway 20.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA from Fossil Feces Breaks Clovis Barrier
    NEWS OF THE WEEK ARCHAEOLOGY DNA From Fossil Feces Breaks Clovis Barrier Who were the first Americans? A decade ago, cans—and not shared by any other population dogs, coyotes, or wolves—or canids may have most archaeologists bestowed this distinction groups—from six of the coprolites. urinated on the human feces. But if these were upon the so-called Clovis people, who left ele- Because the coprolites were not exca- actually canid rather than human coprolites, gantly fluted projectile blades across the vated under sterile conditions, the team was some researchers say, it might be the other United States and Central America beginning not surprised to find modern mtDNA con- way around: The DNA could be from the about 13,000 years ago. But since the late tamination from people of European origin. urine of humans who ventured into the caves 1990s, evidence for an earlier peopling of the To ensure that the Native American DNA long after the coprolites were deposited. “The Americas has steadily accumulated. was not from similar contamination, coprolites are the same size and shape as both Now, in a Science paper published online researchers analyzed the mtDNA of all human and canid feces, and less than half of (www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/ 55 people present at the dig, plus all 12 scientists the [14] coprolites had human DNA in them,” 1154116) this week, an international team at the Copenhagen lab. None had the Native notes anthropologist Gary Haynes of the Uni- reports what some experts con- versity of Nevada, Reno. sider the strongest evidence yet Team members reject this explanation against the “Clovis First” posi- and offer yet more data as evidence: They tion: 14,000-year-old ancient tested for and found human proteins in three DNA from fossilized human coprolites, including two dated to about excrement (coprolites), found 14,000 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Steens Mountain Wilderness and Wild and Scenic Rivers Plan
    BLM Burns District Office Steens Mountain Wilderness and Wild and Scenic Rivers Plan Appendix P - Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and ProtectionWSRP Area Resource Management Plan August 2005 Public Lands USA: Use, Share, Appreciate As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interest of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Territories under U.S. administration. Photo courtesy of John Craig. TABLE OF CONTENTS Steens Mountain Wilderness and Wild and Scenic Rivers Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronym List . v Introduction . .1 Plan Organization . .1 Background . .1 Plan Purpose . .1 Relationship to BLM Planning . .2 Public Involvement . .2 Steens Mountain Advisory Council . .2 Area Overview . .2 General Location and Boundaries . .2 Access . .3 Land Ownership . .3 History of Use for Steens Mountain Wilderness and Wild and Scenic Rivers . .4 Steens Mountain Wilderness Overview . .4 Unique Wilderness Attributes . .4 Wilderness Management Areas . .5 Wild and Scenic Rivers Overview . .6 Public Lands in Wild and Scenic River Corridors outside Steens Mountain Wilderness . .7 Outstandingly Remarkable Values . .8 Management Goals and Objectives . .10 Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Act .
    [Show full text]
  • Current Archaeological Happenings in Oregon
    CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL HAPPENINGS IN OREGON A Quarterly Newsletter of the Association of Oregon Archaeologists Volume 37, Number 2-3 Summer-Fall 2012 Courtesy Reprints: O’Grady, Patrick, Margaret M. Helzer, and Scott P. Thomas 2012 A Glimpse into the 2012 University of Oregon Archaeology Field School at Rimrock Draw Rockshelter. Current Archaeological Happenings in Oregon 37(2-3):4-7. McDonough, Katelyn, Ian Luthe, Mark E. Swisher, Dennis L. Jenkins, Patrick O’Grady and Frances White 2012 ABCs at the Paisley Caves: Artifact, Bone, and Coprolite Distributions in Pre-Mazama Deposits. Current Archaeological Happenings in Oregon 37(2-3):7-12. CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL HAPPENINGS IN OREGON CAHO is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) and is sent to all AOA members. The Association of Oregon Archaeologists is a non-profit scientific and educational organization dedicated to the protection and enhancement of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites. Dues are tax-deductible and are payable on a calendar-year basis. Association of Oregon Archaeologists, c/o UO Museum of Natural & Cultural History 1224 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1224 Membership Rates: Student $10.00, Regular $20.00 Back issues of CAHO may be ordered from the Treasurer for $2.50 each. AOA WEB PAGE: http://www.associationoforegonarchaeologists.org/ Page 4 CAHO A Glimpse into the 2012 University of Oregon Archaeology Field School at Rimrock Draw Rockshelter by Patrick O’Grady, Margaret M. Helzer, and Scott P. Thomas The 2011 fieldwork at Rimrock Draw Rockshelter (35HA3855) was originally brought to the attention of the CAHO readership by Provost and French (2011), who reported on the BLM-sponsored test excavations at the site in September of that year.
    [Show full text]
  • Malheur National Wildlife Refuge
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Greater Sandhill Crane Terry Steele lthough the birds bring me Ato Malheur, I am also drawn by the place itself, the crisp scent of sage on the air, the crack of a late summer lightning bolt, the golden beauty of slanting sun on rimrock. I have been delighted by chance encounters with a family of coyotes, a badger, a porcupine, and a scorpion. The birds are just one part of the magic. One of my most vivid experiences at Malheur came after a long day of birding, as I contentedly made my way home into the setting sun. I spied a couple of short-eared owls some distance from the car. I stopped to watch. One owl left the group and glided silently in front of me, turning its head and fixing me with a steady gaze. That’s Malheur for you. Even when you think you’ve seen it all, there is always one more surprise waiting around the bend. Noah Strycker; Writer and Photographer Steens Mountain overlooking Benson Pond Doug Dill USFWS Volunteer Refuge Map Introduction One of the crown jewels of the A Protected OasisOne in of the crown jewels of the Oregon’s High DesertNational WildlifeNational Refuge Wildlife System, Refuge System, Malheur NationalMalheur Wildlife National Refuge Wildlife Refuge protectsprotects a vast a vast complex complex of of habitats in wetlandsOregon’s in Oregon’s high desert. high The Refuge is OREGON desert. The refuge is famousfamous for forits tremendousits tremendous diversity diversityand spectacular and spectacular concentrations of concentrationswildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Steens Mountain Recreation Lands Oregon
    Steens Mountain Outdoor Manners Keep a clean camp. Leave the land cleaner than Recreation you found it. Lands Deposit all trash and litter in covered garbage can. Better yet, pack it out. Sink water may be drained at developed sites, but toilet holding Oregon tanks must be emptied at a commercial facility. Bring cooking fuel with you; cut no trees. Protect public and private property and report vandals. Drive only on the roads so as not to leave ruts or damage fragile vegetation. Keep Oregon Green. Use your ashtray. Build fires only in designated areas. Report uncon­ trolled fires to BLM's Fire Control Office in Burns, phone 573-7208 or 573-7209. Observe Oregon state hunting, fishing, and wildlife protection laws. Handle firearms safely. Enjoy and photograph petroglyphs and Indian artifacts, but leave them as they are. It is illegal to disturb them. Camp only in designated sites (see other side). Avoid rockrolling on the east face. It disturbs bighorns and may be dangerous to hikers and livestock in the gorges below. A waterfall at the head of Little Blitzen River Fishing the Donner und Blitzen Autumn color in Big Indian Gorge The Recreation Lands (refer to legend on map to cover painting), accessible only by foot, is stocked Aspen Belt—between 6,500 and 8,000 feet. This Be prepared before backpacking or hiking. Tell a (b) The entire Steens Mountain Loop Road is Steens Mountain delineate) consist of 147, 773 acres under the care Grazing Controlled with Lahontan cutthroat trout, an endangered includes groves of quaking aspen, small meadows, responsible person your destination and expected open approximately July 1 through October of the Bureau of Land Management, 41,577 acres species.
    [Show full text]