19561201 NU Chronology and Organization of Allied Command Eu

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19561201 NU Chronology and Organization of Allied Command Eu NATO UNCLASSIFIED r r A Iri cAc-t-rtCH Gsfy CHRONOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION HISTORIQUE SOMMAIRE ET ORGANISATION OF DU ALLIED COMMAND EUROPE COMMANDEMENT ALLIE EN EUROPE 1 DECEMBER 1956 1 DECEMBRE 1956 SUPREME HEADQUARTERS GRAND QUARTIER GENERAL DES ALLIED POWERS bUROPE PUISSANCES ALLIEES EN EUROPE . sY . • DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE FOREWORD PREFACE The purpose of this booklet is to provide recently assigned military Ce manuel est publié dans le but de donner au personnel militaire personnel and interested visitors with & brief account of the organization and nouvellement affecté et aux visiteurs intéressés un bref aperçu de l'organ- development of SHAPE and Allied Command Europe with the North Atlantic isation et du développement du SHAPE et du Commandement Allié en Europe Treaty Organization. dans le cadre de l'Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: (a) Narrative - Historical Branch Secretariat (b) Chirte - Adjutant General Div. PREPARED BY: Statistical Services Office, Programs Dlv., SHAPE. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE NATO UNCLASSIFIED __ Ä . NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION 1 DECE VBEH 1956 NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL NATIONAL REMARKS: NAC NATIONAL MINISTERS DELEGATIONS MOT IN CONTINUOUS StSIIOH : MBlTS SIVtHAL TUttS AHXUALLr PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES REPRESENTATIVES SECRETARY GENERAL INTERNATIONAL STAFF 4 STAFF PARIS H/JULCOMMILITASY COMMITTE E MILHAMlUItKOM. REP. COMMITE E STANDING GBOUP KH VilWHCTOH NATO UILiTAKY AGENCY COMMUNICATIONS ADVISORY GROUP DEFENSE FOR AGENCIES AERONAUTICAL STAflDAHDIZATION RESEARCH DEV. COLLEGE EN»,re«. eu-A EHFA, £nccc, evstc, t MAX LONDON secaM. r JkCAltD FAJMJ i • i CHANNEL COMMITTEE r SUPREME CANADA-US OTHER SUPREME CHAHÇOM LONDON ALLIED ALLIED REGIONAL COMMANDS WHICH COMMANDER COMMANDER ALLIED ALLIED PLANNING EUROPE ATLANTIC CDR, IN CHIEF MARITIME - AIR GROUP MAY CHANNEL CDR. IN CHIEF BE CHANNEL ESTABLISHED CINCNAN pcwrmoi/TN CIHCHAIHCHAH WOflTHWOOD L. AftCD BV ITATIfTICAL •KAVICV* O'PICt, PflQtRAMt CMVtSlONj INtfI NATO UNCLASSIFIED DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE PART I, PARTIE HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF HISTORIQUE THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION DE L'ORGANISATION DU TRAITE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD (NATO) (OTAN) INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION In 1947 it became increasingly clear that the work of the United Il devint de plus en plus évident en 1917 que les Iravaui de l'Organ- Nations Organization was being impeded largely by Russian intransigeance. isation des Nations Unies se trouvaient entravés par l'intransigeance des Aa a result, the democratic nations of the Westbegan to take action to Russes. Par suite de cet étal de fait, les pays démocratiques de l'Ouest present a common front against possible aggression from the East, The commencèrent à prendre des dispositions pour faire face en commun à toute Dunkirk Treaty (4 Mrt 47) of mutual assistance between the UK and France agression possible venant de i'Est. Le Traité de Dunkerque (4 mars 47), was followed on 2 September 1947 by a treaty of reciprocal assistance pacte d'assistance mutuelle entre le Royaume-Uni et la France, fut suivi, le 2 septembre 1947, d'un traité d'assistance réciproque entre les pays de signed at Rio de JaneLrot between the nations oT the Western Hemisphere. !n June 1947 the United States undertook her vast program of economic l'hémisphère occidentale qui fut signé à Rio de Janeiro. En juin 1947, ies (Marshall Plan) and military aid (Mutual Defense Assistance Program - Etats-Unis entreprirent leur vaste programme d'aide économique (Plan Mar- MDAP) to the European nations whose economies had been disrupted by shall) et militaire (Programme de Défense et d'Assistance Mutuelle - MDAP) the war, au profit des pays européens dont l'économie avait été ruinée par la guerre. THE BRUSSELS TREATY (1948¾ TRAITE DE BRUXELLES (1948) The beginnings of a coordinated defense of Western Europe were Les bases d'une défense coordonnée de l'Europe de l'Ouest furent made on 17 March 1948 when five Western European nations (United Kingdom, posées le 17 mars 1948, date à laquelle cinq pays de l'Europe Occidentale Fraocer Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) signed the Brussels (Grande-Bretagne, France, Belgique, Pays-Bas et Luxembourg) signèrent le Treaty in which all participants gave an unqualified undertaking to provide Traité de Bruxelles aux termes duquel tous Les participants décidèrent d'un military aid to any signatory who became* the victim of armed attack in commun accord de venir militairement en aide à tout signataire qui serait la Europe. The Brussels Treaty Powers, in addition, established a defense victime d'une attaque armée en Europe. Le Traité de Bruxelles instituait organization which became known ae the Western Union Defense Organization d'autre part une organisation de défense désignée sous le titre d'Organisation (WUDO). This organization, with headquarters in London, formulated plans de Défense de l'Union Occidentale (WUDO). Cette organisation, dont le to conduct operations in the event of war. The planning headquarters of the siège était à Londres, élabora des plans pour La conduite des opérations en Western Union was established at Fontainebleau, and its commanders were cas de guerre. Le Q.G. de l'Union Occidentale, chargé de l'élaboration des charged witJi the preparation of the detailed plans for the defense of Western plans, fut établi à Fontainebleau et ses commandements furent chargés de Europe. The chairman of the Western Union Commanders-in-Chief committee préparer les plans détaillés pour la défense de l'Europe Occidentale. Le was Field Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein. Field Marshal Montgomery, Vicomte d'Alamein, fut nommé Président du Comité des Commandants en Chef de l'Union Occidentale. THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY (19m TRAITE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD (L949J As the WeBtern European Defense Organization went ahead with it« Tandis que l'Organisation de Défense de l'Union Occidentale pour- work, further discussions were taking place in an effort to widen the scope suivait ses travaui, des discussions se déroulaient en vue d'élargir le concept of Western collective security in view oT Soviet expansionist policies. On de la sécurité collective du monde occidental en raison des doctrines d'expansion 4 April 1949 at Washington. P.C. the North Atlantic Treaty was signed. The des Soviets. Le Traité de L'Atlantique Nord fut signé le 4 avril 1949 à Washington. signatory nations wsrB Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Les pays signataires étaient la Belgique, le Canada, le Danemark, la France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the l'Islande, Ie Luxembourg, les Pays-Bas, l'Italie, la Norvège, le Portugal, le United State?. In February 1952, Greece and Turkey became aignators, bring» Royaume-Uni et les Etats-Unis. En Février 1952, la Grèce et la Turquie devin- ing the number of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nations to four- rent également signataires, portant ainsi à quatorze le nombre des pay3 de l'Organ- teen, and the accession of Western Germany on May 5th 1955 raised the total of isation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN). Le 5 mai 1955, l'accession de member nations to fifteen. l'Allemagne Occidentale éleva le nombre des Nations membres à quinze. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE THE AIMS OF NATO LES BUTS DE L'OTAN The basic aims of the NATO nations in this regional agreement for collective Les objectifs principaux des pays de l'OTAN, aux termes de cet accord ré- security were clearly stated in the Preamble to the Treaty: gional pour une sécurité collective, sont clairement énoncés dans le Préam- bule du Traité: "The Parties of this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and "Les Etats parties au présent traité, réaffirmant leur foi dans les principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace buts et principes de la charte des Nations Unies et leur désir de vivre en with all peoples and all Qovernments, paix avec tous les peuples et tous les gouvernements, They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage ajld Déterminés à sauvegarder la liberté de leurs peuples, leur héritage civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, indivi- commun et leur civilisation, fondés sur les principes de la démocratie, les dual liberty and the rule of law, libertés individuelles et le règne du droit, They seek to promote stability and well being in the North Atlantic Soucieux de favoriser dans la région de l'Atlantique Nord le bien- Area, être et la stabilité, They are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defense and Sont résolus à unir leurs efforts pour la défense collective et pour for the preservation of peace and security. * la préservation de la paix et de la sécurité. ~ In Article 5 of the Treaty it was agreed Uiat an armed attack on one Dans l'article 5 du Traité, les Parties conviennent qu'une attaque or more aignators would be considered an attack on all, and that in such even- armée contre l'une ou plusieurs d'entre elles sera considérée comme une tuality each member nation would assist the victims by taking such action as attaque dirigée contre toutes les Parties, et, en conséquence, elles con- deemed necessary, including the use of armed force. It was further agreed viennent que, si une telle attaque se produit, chacune d'elles assistera la (Article to take steps to "maintain and develop their individual and collect- Partie ou les Parties ainsi attaquées en prenant telle action qu'elle jugera ive capacity to resist armed attack. " nécessaire, y compris l'emploi de la force armée. Les Parties conviennent d'autre part (article 3) de prendre des mesures pour "maintenir et accroître leur capacité individuelle et collective de résistance à une attaque armée.
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