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Greece-Road-Safety.Pdf ROAD SAFETY REPORT 2020 | GREECE GREECE Greece recorded 694 road fatalities in 2019, a 0.9% decrease on 2018, continuing its decrease in road deaths in this decade and reaching its lowest level. The economic crisis during recent years is the primary reason for the sharp decline in the number of road casualties. One factor has been distances travelled have gone down as people have been using motor vehicles more conservatively and economically. The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on traffic in Greece in the first half of 2020, with a significant reduction in road deaths following the introduction of lockdowns measures. Impact of Covid-19 In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, Greece introduced lockdown measures on 23 March 2020, which affected the movement of people and goods on the road and in turn the exposure to road crashes. Lockdown was gradually lifted after the end of April. The number of road deaths decreased by 59% in April 2020, compared with the average for 2017-19. Table 1. Road fatalities by month Average 2017-19 2020 % change January 45 49 8.9 February 43 47 9.3 March 53 24 -54.7 April 52 21 -59.6 May 56 51 -8.9 June 60 51 -15 July 71 53 -25.4 August 75 67 -10.7 September 70 71 1.4 Data from Apple's Mobility Trends Report reveal the volume of people driving decreased by 71% year-on-year in April 2020, and the volume of people walking decreased by 66% over the same period. While traffic volumes reduced, the number of vehicles travelling above the speed limit seems to have increased. More specifically, data of a representative subset of trips collected through a smartphone application by OSeven telematics (www.oseven.io) show a 2% spike in average speeding (drivers above the speed limit) in March compared to a normal period in February and a 7% increase in April (Katrakazas et al., 2020). 1 ROAD SAFETY REPORT 2020 | GREECE Trends Greece registered an overall Country Profile decrease in the number of road Population in 2019: 10.7 million deaths in 2019. According to the GDP per capita in 2019: 19 567 USD latest preliminary data, 694 persons Cost of road crashes: 1.5% of GDP (2017) lost their lives in traffic crashes in Registered motor vehicles in 2019: 8.4 million Greece in 2019. This represents a (cars 64%; goods vehicles 17%; motorcycles 0.9% decline on 2018 and the lowest 19%) figure on record. In 2018, 700 road Speed limits: 50 km/h on urban roads; 90 km/h deaths were reported, a 4.2% decline on rural roads; 130 km/h on motorways on 2017. Limits on Blood Alcohol Content: 0.5 g/l for general drivers; 0.2 g/l for professional drivers and novice drivers The longer-term trend for road deaths in Greece has shown significant progress. Between 2000 and 2019, the number of annual road fatalities fell by 66%. This progress accelerated, in particular, during the second decade of the century: between 2010 and 2019 the number of annual road fatalities fell by 45%. The number of traffic deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in Greece has fallen by 65% between 2000 and 2019. In 2019, 6.5 traffic deaths per 100 000 inhabitants were recorded compared to 18.7 in 2000. By way of comparison, the average in the European Union (EU) was 5.1 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in 2019. Greece recorded 0.8 road fatalities per 10 000 registered vehicles in 2019. This represents a decrease of 79% compared to the year 2000, when the rate of deaths to registered vehicles stood at 4.0. Figure 1. Road safety, vehicle stock and GDP trends Index 2000 = 100 Note: Registered vehicles do not include mopeds. 2 ROAD SAFETY REPORT 2020 | GREECE Data for fatalities by road user groups shows that passenger car occupants continue to be the group most affected by road crashes. Motorcyclist fatalities also comprise a sizeable share of total road fatalities in Greece. In 2018, car occupants accounted for the largest share of road deaths with 38% of the total. They were followed by motorcyclists (27%), pedestrians (21%) and moped riders (4%). Compared to 2017, all road user groups saw their number of road fatalities reduced, with the exception of pedestrians and cyclists. In 2018, moped riders saw the largest decrease, with five fewer road fatalities in 2018 than the year prior (-15.6%). They were followed by motorcyclists, with 26 fewer (-12%) and passenger car occupants, with 19 fewer (-6.6%). On the other hand, pedestrians suffered 28 additional road deaths (+23.7%) year-on-year in 2018, and cyclists had one more road death (+9%) over same period. The long-term trend shows traffic in Greece has become safer for all road user groups. The strongest declines were registered among car occupants and moped riders, who both experienced annual road fatality reductions of 70% between 2000 and 2018. The user group that has benefitted least from road safety improvements since 2000 is cyclists, who saw the number of annual crash deaths fall by 46% from 22 to 12. Figure 2. Road fatalities by road user group in percentage of total, 2018 Road deaths by age group in 2018 showed some changes compared to 2017. The number of road deaths increased for the elderly above 75 (+30%). Conversely, people under 64 saw their number of road fatalities reduced by 17.5% on average compared to the previous year. The 15-17 and 18-20 age groups registered the largest improvement, with 29.4% fewer road deaths in 2018 compared to 2017. Looking at the longer-term trend, since 2000 the number of road deaths has decreased for all groups. The strongest fatality reductions over this period occurred among young people; every age category up to 25 years old saw fatalities fall by 75% or greater between 2000 and 2018. The oldest age range – those above 75 – benefitted the least from road safety 3 ROAD SAFETY REPORT 2020 | GREECE improvements during this time, as road fatalities for this age group decreased by only 24%. Despite recent improvements, young people continue to be at high risk in traffic, with a mortality rate well above the average. Road users between 18-20 had traffic fatality rates of 8.2 per 100 000 persons in 2018, while those from 21-24 had a rate of 11.6. This is compared to a national average of 6.5 per 100 000 inhabitants. However, elderly people have now become the age group the most at risk in road traffic. Road users above 75 years of age registered a mortality rate of 12.0 fatalities per 100 000 persons in 2018. Figure 3. Road fatality rates by age group, 2010-18 Deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in a given age group Figure 4. Road fatality rate by age and road user group, 2018 Fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants 4 ROAD SAFETY REPORT 2020 | GREECE Analysis of fatalities by road type shows that Greek urban road networks were the deadliest in 2018. In 2018, 52% of deaths occurred on urban roads, 39% on rural roads and 9% on motorways. In the period 2000-10, rural roads consistently claimed more victims than did roads in urban areas. Since 2010, however, this repartition has flipped. In the years since, roads in urban areas have generally been the setting for more road fatalities than rural roads. In 2018, in comparison to 2017, the number of road deaths increased by 7.9% on urban roads, while road deaths decreased by 19.3% on rural roads. Motorways saw seven additional road fatalities compared to 2017 for a year-on-year increase of 20%. Since 2000, fatalities in urban areas have decreased by 47%, on rural roads by 79% and remained equal on motorways. Since 2010, road fatalities in rural areas decreased by 53% and 38% in urban areas, indicating that rural roads saw stronger road safety improvements in the first decade of the century. Figure 5. Road fatalities by road type 5 ROAD SAFETY REPORT 2020 | GREECE Figure 6. Evolution of road deaths by user category, age group and road type, 2010-18 Fatality data are essential to understanding road safety issues but hardly sufficient. Information on serious injuries from crashes is also critically important. Yet, injury data are much more difficult to obtain, validate and – where available – compare. In 2018, Greece recorded 12 471 traffic-related injuries. Since 2010, injuries have fallen by 31% and serious injuries have fallen by 57.5%, a development consistent with the reduction in road fatalities during this time. Economic costs of road crashes Traffic crashes represent a significant cost for society, estimated in 2017 at around EUR 2.7 billion, representing almost 1.5% of Greece’s GDP (Kourtis et al., 2018). This calculation uses a combination of the lost-production methodology and the willingness-to- pay methodology. The cost is almost tripled if the real numbers of injuries and crashes resulting only in material damage are taken into account. Table 1. Costs of road crashes, 2017 Unit cost (EUR) Total (EUR) Fatalities 2 148 034 1.57 billion Serious injuries 273 574 0.19 billion Slight injuries 51 373 0.65 billion Property damages costs 3 582 0.24 billion Total 2.7 billion Total as % of GDP (at constant prices) 1.5% 6 ROAD SAFETY REPORT 2020 | GREECE Behaviour Speeding is perhaps the most critical factor for road crashes in Greece. In 2018, based on police reports, it was estimated that about 18% of fatalities were directly related to excessive or inappropriate speeds.
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