Marsland Press Journal of American Science 2010:6(1):73-80, Bhatt et al.

Multipurpose Species Of Western Himalaya With An Prospective For Rural Needs

Vishwapati Bhatt1, Vijay Kant Purohit2, Vineeta Negi3

1Department of Botany, Govt P G College, Gopeshwar, 246401, Chamoli, Chamoli-246 401, , 2High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), 246 1 74 Uttarakhand, India 3Uttarakhand Parvatiya Aajeevika Sanvardhan Company (UPASaC), Gopeshwar, Chamoli-246 401, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Abstract: The Western Himalaya is rich in multipurpose tree species (MPTs) which are traditionally preferred in agro-forestry. Indigenous plants remained excluded in all reforestation and afforestation programmes run by the Govt. agencies due to lack of the knowledge of local MPTs and planting material. In present paper a list of 70 MPTs is presented with their brief notes on their uses and distribution, suitable for agroforestry plantation. There is need to study the propagation behaviour of these short listed plants so that suitable planting material may be made available for the successful agroforestry programme to ensure people participation. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(1):73-80]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

Key words: Agroforestry, Himalaya, Propagation behavior, Peoples participation, Rural needs.

1. Introduction 1965; Gaur et al. 1985; Nand and Kumar, 1989; Agro-forestry can play major role in the Swaroop, 1993). The mountainous belt of protecting environment and forest (Khurana and Himalaya present unique environment concern Khosala 1993; Gaur 1993; Quli, 2001). The owing to their young age, origin of the major agro-forestry practice in the Garhwal of rivers and complex and fragile ecosystem (Gaur Uttarakhand in Western Himalaya is permanent et al. 1985; Ramakrishnan, 1994; Kumar et. al. feature of agricultural landscape (Semwal and 1996; Purohit, 1997; Gaur, 1993; Dhar et al. Maikhuri 1996; Maikhuri et al. 1996; Bhatt and 2000). Therefore, the main objective of the Badoni, 1995; Bhatt and Todaria, 1999; action oriented research in Himalayan region is Semawal et al. 2001). However, this system is to promote the socio-economic development of practiced in unplanned manner. People have little the hill people in harmony with preservation of choice in selection of plants and what ever grows ecological balance. It should envisage naturally is accepted. The planting of sapling by conservation and utilization of ecosystem of conscious efforts is unknown because people Himalayan region under the thrust area such as, have no knowledge of how to raise a particular creation of nurseries and seedling banks, study of plant nursery (Vashishtha, et al. 2005). The ecosystem and optimal utilization of local farmers have integrated crops, and animals resources (Semwal and Maikhuri, 1996). in their farming and land management systems Promotion of agroforestry can be another reasonably for solving the problem of acute step to check deforestation in the hills. It can shortages of fuel wood, fodder and other forest meet the demand of fodder, and fuel locally and produce (Bhatt, 2002). thus lessen the dependence on the forest. Spread over 18% of the total area of the Ecological hazards originating from denudation country, the Himalaya has had a great influence of mountains have generally encouraged on the life and culture of Indian people (Boserup, attempts to reclaim the barren landscape by http://www.americanscience.org 73 americansc [email protected]

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reforestation. However, selection of species practiced but by and large is an unplanned remained an ignored aspect in these programmes activity in Garhwal of Western Himalaya. People because information is lacking on indigenous prefer to collect fodder for their livestock around species and large numbers of exotics are being their agricultural land, but seldom plant a tree. introduced, which may constitute a threat to the They harbour and patronise trees which naturally ecological security of the region and unfit for the grow and have no choice on their selection. local needs. So far in the annual plantation Generally, the rule of natural selection and activity, , Eucalyptus, Acacia, Albizia, adaptability governs the distribution. On the Prosopis, Dalbergia Delonix, Grevillea, Melia basis of survey most commonly used 70 MPTs etc. constitute 90% of plantation programmes, were identified in the entire Garhwal of Western which could very well be replaced by local tree Himalaya of which 13 species are growing in species of the region. We cannot reverse this lower region, 24 species are growing in middle trend unless we know the indigenous MPTs Himalaya and rest 31 species in upper suitable for agroforestry and their propagation Himalayan zone. The brief description of the behaviour. This should help in raising the plants is presented as following: saplings of desired tree species in nurseries for plantation purposes and also accommodate the List of Plants: local preference by the farmers. 1. Adina cordifolia Roxb. Vern. Haldu, F. In this paper, the study presented a list of Rubiaceae, upto 800m; Fl. May-Jul., Fr. MPTs which are indigenous to Garhwal region Mar-May; Fuel, Timber, Medicine. of Western Himalaya and suitable for 2. Aesendra butyrcea Roxb. Vern. Chiura, agroforestry particularly and other forestry F. Sapotaceae, Fl. Jan-Mar; Fr. Jun-Jul., programmes in general and Model developed by upto 800m; edible oil, medicine,bee community for fulfillment of daily needs (Fig. forage, timber. 1). 3. Aegle marmelos L., Vern. Bel, F. Rutaceae, Fl. Feb.-Mar., Fr. May-Aug.; 2. Material and Methods: upto 1200 m; Fuel, , Medicine. The study covers the entire Garhwal of 4. Albizia lebbeck L., Vern. Siris, F. Western Himalaya, which lies in between Mimosaceae, Fl. Feb. – Apr., Fr. Oct- 29031.9’ N to 31026.5’N lat and 77033.5’E to Dec., upto 1200 m; Fuel, Timber, 80060’ E long. Physiographically, the whole Nitrogen Fixing. terrain is mountainous and can be divided in to 5. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth., Vern. three zones-lower Himalayan zone (300- Karah, F. Mimosaceae, Fl. May - Aug., 500masl); middle Himalaya (600-1000masl); and Fr. Oct-Dec., upto 800 m; Fuel, Timber, upper Himalaya (1100-2500masl). Extensive medicine N2 Fixing. surveys were made during different seasons in 6. Alnus nepalensis D., Vern. Ust, F. various zones of the study area. A tentative list Betulaceae, Fl. Oct.-Nov., Fr. Oct-Jun., of MPTs was compiled which included more upto 1000-2500m; Fodder, Fuel, than 70 trees species with notes on folk Timber, Nitrogen Fixing. knowledge regarding multipurpose trees (MPTs), 7. Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham., Vern. their adaptation and use. The methods of Dheu, F. Moraceae, Fl. Mar. – Apl., Fr. collection, preservation and Herbarium May – Aug. upto 1000m; Fodder, preparation were followed as usual practices medicine, Ghee, Fuel, adopting by Jain and Rao (1977). The 8. Bauhinia purpurea L., Vern. Guiral, F. identification of specimens was done with the Caesalpiniaceae, Fl. Sept.-Nov., Fr. Jan- help of regional floras (Babu, 1977; Hara et al. Mar., upto 700m; Fodder, Fuel, Timber, 1978; Naithani, 1984 and 1985; Gaur, 1999). Medicine, Nitrogen Fixing. The description includes botanical names of 9. Bauhinia variegata L., Vern. Kwiriyal, plants followed by some important citations such F. caesal piniaceae, Fl. Feb.-Apr., Fr. as Hooker (1872-97), Duthie (1903-29), Babu May-Aug., upto 800-2000 m.; Fodder, (1977), Hara et al. (1978), Naithani (1984-1985) Fuel, Timber, Medicine, Nitrogen and Gaur (1999). Fixing. 10. Bauhinia semla Wunderlin. Vern. 3. Results and Discussion: Kanda F. Caesalpiniaceae, Fl. Sept.- On the basis of survey conducted, it is Nov., Fr. Feb-Apr., upto 1000-1500m; quite evident that agroforestry is though http://www.americanscience.org 74 americansc [email protected]

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Fodder, Fuel, Timber, Medicine, 25. Ficus hispida L.f., Vern, Bhumra, F. Nitrogen Fixing. Moraceae, Fl. Mar-Apr, Fr. May-Jun., 11. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Vern. upto – 600m; Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, Fibre, Jhingora F. Caesalpiniaceae, Fl. Mar. - Medicine. Jun., Fr. Jan. - May, upto 1000-1600m; 26. Ficus nemoralis Wallich ex Miq., Fodder, Fuel, Fibre, Timber, Medicine. Vern., Thelku, F. Moraceae, Fl. Mar- 12. Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Vern. Apr. Fr. Aug-Sep., upto – 1200-2200 m; Malu F. Caesalpiniaceae, Fl. Apl. - Jun., Fodder, Fuel, Fruit. Fr. Jun. - Sept., upto 1300m; Fodder, 27. Ficus palmata forsk; Vern. Bedu, F. Fuel, Fibre, Cup-plats. Moraceae, Fl. May-Jun, Fr. Jun-Aug., 13. Betula alnoides Buch. – Ham., Vern. upto 900-1200m; Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, Saur, F. Betulaceae, Fl. & Fr. Mar-Jun., Medicine. upto 2000-3000m, Fodder, Fuel, 28. Ficus semicordata Buch. –Ham., Vern. Timber, Nitrogen Fixing. Khaina, F. Moraceae, Fl. May-Jun, Fr. 14. Boehmeria regulosa Wedd., Vern. Jun-Oct., upto 900-1200m; Fodder, Genthi, F. Urticaceae, Fl. & Fr. July- Fuel, Fruit, Fibre, Medicine. Nov., upto 1000-1600 m; Fodder, Fuel, 29. Ficus subincisa Buch. – Ham., Vern. Medicine. Chanchri, F. Moraceae, Fl. & Fr. Mar- 15. Bombax ceiba L., Vern. Semal, F. Jun., upto 900-1200m; Fodder, Fuel, Bombacaceae, Fl. Jan-Mar., Fr. Apr- Fruit, Medicine. May; upto 1200m; Fuel, Fibre, Timber, 30. Ficus auriculata Lour, Vern. Timla, F. Medicine. Moraceae Fl. Mar-May, Fr Jun-Jul, upto 16. Butea monosperma Lam., Vern. Dhak, 900-1200m; Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, F. Fabaceaee, Fl. & Fr. March-May, Medicine. upto – 1500 m; Fodder, Fuel, Timber, 31. Fraxinus micrantha Lingeisheim, Vern. Medicine., Angu, F. Oleaceae, Fl. Mar-Apr., Fr. 17. Cassia fistula L., Vern Kirala, F. Jul-Sept., upto 1800-2600 m; Fodder, Caesalpiniaceae, Fl. Feb.-Apr., Fr. Timber, Medicine. May-June, upto 1400m; Fodder, Fuel 32. Grewia asiatica L. Vern. Dhaman, F. Timber, Medicine, Nitrogen fixing. Tilliceae Fl. Apr-May, Fr. Jun-Aug., 18. Celtis australis L., Vern. Khairk, F. upto 1000-1500m ;Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, Ulmaceae, Fl. Mar-Apr, Fr. Sept.-Oct., Fibre, Medicine. upto – 2400 m; Fodder, Fuel Fruit, 33. Grewia eriocarpa A.L. Juss, Vern. Timber, Medicine . Pharasain, F. Tilliaceae, Fl. May-Jun, 19. Cordia dichotoma Forster f, Vern. Fr. Jul-Aug. Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, Fibre, Lisora, F. Ehretiaceae, Fl. Mar-Apr; Fr. Medicine. May-Jul., upto – 1800 m; Fuel, Fruit, 34. Grewia oppositifolia Buch.-Ham., Vern. Timber. Bhimal, F. Tilliaceae, Fl. Apr-Jun, Fr. 20. Desmodium elegans DC., Vern., Aug-Nov., upto 800-1600m; Fodder, Chamlai, F. Fabaceae, Fl. Apr-Jun, Fr. Fuel, Fruit, Fibre, Medicine. Jul-Oct., upto – 2000-3500m; Timber, 35. Holarrhena pubescens Buch.-Ham, Nitrogen Fixing . Vern. Kura, F. Apocynaceae, Fl. Apr- 21. Debregeasia salicifolia D. Dun, Vern. Jul, Fr. Oct-Feb, upto 1250 m, Fodder, Syanry, F. Urticaceae, Fl.& Fr. Feb- Fuel. Aug, Fuel. 36. Litsea glutinosa Lour., Vern. Maida- 22. Daphniphyllum himalense Benth; Vern. lakari, F. Lauraceae, Fl. Jun. – Aug., Fr. Ratniyalu, F. Daphniphyllacea, Fl. Mar- Sept. - Oct., upto 600m; Fodder, Fuel, Apr., Fr. Jun-Aug., upto 1600-2800 m; Timber Medicine. Fodder, Fuel, Timber, Nitrogen Fixing. 37. Litsea monopetala Roxb., Vern. 23. Emblica officinalis Gaertner, Vern. Kadwai, F. Lauraceae; Fl. Mar-July, Fr. Amla, F. Euphorbiaceae, Fl. Feb-Apr, July-Nov., upto 800-1600m; Fodder, Fr. Sept-Nov., Fuel, Timber Medicine. 24. Ficus glomarata Roxb., Vern. Umra, F. 38. Lyonia ovalifolia Wallich, Anyar, F. Moraceae, Fl. Mar-May, Fr. Jun-Aug; Ericaceae, Fl. Mar-Jul, Fr. Jul-Nov., Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, Medicine. upto 800-1600m; Fuel, Timber, Medicine. http://www.americanscience.org 75 americansc [email protected]

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39. Koenig; Vern. May-Dec., upto 2400m. Fuel, Fruit, Mahwa, F. Sapotaceae, Fl. Mar-Apr, Fr. Timber, Medicine. Jun-Jul. upto 500m; Fuel, Timber, 54. Quercus leucotrichophora A., Vern. Medicine. Banj, F. Fagaceae, Fl. Mar-Apr, Fr. 40. Mallotus phillippensis Lam., Vern. Oct-Jun.,upto 2000m; Fodder Fuel, Ruina, F. Euphorbiaceae, Fl. Sept-Nov, Timber, Medicine. Fr. Mar-May, upto 800-1600m; Fodder, 55. Quercus floribanda Lindley, Vern. Fuel, Timber, Medicine. Moru; F. Fagaceae, Fl. Apr-May, Fr. 41. Melia azedarach L. Vern. Dainken, F. Aug-Oct., upto 2000-2800m; Fodder, Meliaceae, Fl. Mar-Apr, Fr. Apr-May Fuel, Timber, Medicine. upto 1400m; Fodder, Fuel, Timber, 56. Quercus glauca Thumb., Vern. Harinj, Medicine. F. Fagaceae, Fl. May-June, Fr. Jun- 42. Milletia extensa Benth. Vern. Gauj; F. Aug., upto 800-2000m; Fodder, Fuel, Fabaceae, Fl. Apl. – May, Fr. Jul. – Timber, Medicine. Aug., upto 1500m, Fodder, Medicine, 57. Rhododendron arboreum Smith, Vern. binding, Fibre. Burans F. Ericaceae, Fl. March-May, 43. Lam., Vern. Sainjna, Fr. Apr. – Nov; Fuel, Timber, Medicine. F. Moringaceae, Fl. Feb-Apr, Fr. May- 58. Rhus parviflora Roxb., Vern, Tungla, F. Jun. upto 1200m; Fodder, Fuel, Anacardiaceae, Fl. May-Jun, Fr. Jul- Medicine. Nov, upto 1800m; Fuel, Fruit, 44. Morus alba L. Vern. Sahtoot, F. Medicine. Moraceae, Fl. & Fr. Feb-Jan. Fodder, 59. Salix babylonica L. Vern. Majnu, F. Fuel, Fruit, Fibre, Medicine. Salicaceae Fl. & Fr. Feb-Jul; Fodder, 45. Myrica esculenta Buch. – Ham. Vern. Fuel, Timber, Medicine. Kaphal, F. Myricaceae, Fl. Aug-Oct, Fr. 60. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Vern. Apr.-Jun., upto 900-2000m; Fuel, Fruit, Kusum, F. Sapindaceae, Fl. Mar. – Apl., Timber, Medicine. Fr. Jul. – Aug., upto 1200m, Medicine, 46. Neolitsea pallens D. Don., Vern. Belaru Fodder, Bee forage. F. Lauraceae, Fl., Mar-Apr, Fr. Sep. – 61. Sesbania bispinosa Jacquin., Vern. Oct., upto 1500-3000m ; Fodder, Fuel, Dhaincha, F. Fabaceae, Fl. & Fr. Sept- Timber, Medicine. Jan, Fodder, Fuel, Fibre, Medicine. 47. Neolitsea cuipala Buch – Ham, Vern. 62. Spondias pinnata L.F., Vern. Amra, F. Lampatiya, F. Lauraceae, Fl. Mar-Apr., Anacardiaceae, Fl. Feb-Apr, Fr. Sept.- Fr. Sep-Oct., upto 1000-2500m; Fodder, Nov., upto 1400m; Fuel, Medicine. Fuel, Timber, Medicine. 63. Swida macrophylla Wallich, Vern., 48. Ougeinia oojeinensis Roxb., Vern, Khagsi, F. Cornaceae, Fl. Apl. – Jun., Sandan, F. Fabaceae, Fl. Mar-Apr, Fr. Fr. Jul. – Oct., 1400-2500m, Fodder, May-Jul. upto 1500m, Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, Bee forage, Agri. Implements. Medicine, Timber. 64. Syzygium cumini L., Vern. Phalenda, F. 49. Prunus cerasoides D. Don, Vern., Myrtaceae, Fl. Mar-May, Fr. Jun-Jul. Panya, F. Rosaceae, Fl. Oct-Dec., Fr. upto – 900m. Fuel, Fruit, Timber, Feb-Mar, upto 2400 m; Fuel, Timber, Medicine, Medicine. 65. Terminalia alata Roxb., Vern. Asin, F. 50. Persea duthiei King ex.Hook, Vern. Combretaceae, Fl. Jun-Jul. Fr. Feb.- Kaula, F. Lauraceae, Fl. Feb-Apr, Fr. Mar. upto 1500m. Fodder, Fuel, Jun-Sept. upto 2200 m; Fodder, Fuel, Timber, Medicine. Timber, Medicine. 66. Terminalia bellirica Roxb., Vern. 51. Phoenix humilix Royle., Vern. Khajoor, Bahera, F. Combretaceae, Fl. Apr-Jun, F. Are Caceae, Fl. March- Apr, Fr. Fr. Jun-Jul. upto 1200m. Fodder, Fuel, May-Jun., upto 1600m; Fodder, Fuel, Fruit, Timber, Medicine. Fruit, Fibre, Medicine. 67. Terminallia chebula Retz. Obs., Vern. 52. Premna barbata Wallich., Vern. Haira, F. Combretaceae, Fl. Apr.-Jun, Bakrya, F. Verbenaceae, Fl. Mar-May, Fr. Jun-Mar. upto 1600m; Fodder, Fuel, Fr. Jun-Jul. upto 1500m; Fodder, Fuel. Fruit, Timber. 53. Pyrus pashia Buch. – Ham., Vern. Mole, F. Rosaceae, Fl. Feb.-Mar, Fr. http://www.americanscience.org 76 americansc [email protected]

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68. Toona ciliata Roemer, Vern. Tun, F. sps. are considered highly valuable fodder in the Meliaceae Fl. Mar-Apr, Fr. Jun-Jul. higher altitude (1000-18000m asl) area whereas upto 1000m; Fuel, Timber. Celtis australis and Grewia oppositifolia are 69. Wrightia arborea Dennstaeff. Vern. consider the best fodder in the lower altitude Darula, F. Apocynaceae, Fl. May-Jun, (300-1400m asl) of Garhwal of Western Fr. Mar-Apr. upto 1200m. Fodder, Fuel, Himalaya. The other striking observation was Timber, Nitrogen Fixing. that agroforestry was kept away willingly and 70. Woodfordia fruticosa L. Vern. Dhaula, F. wittingly from irrigated land. Here the main Lythraceae, Fl. Jan-Apr., Fr. Apr-Jun., consideration was maximum crop yield. Any upto 1500m; Fodder, Fuel, Medicine. plant around the field was considered unwanted. Hardly any plant was seen in and around the There are large numbers of fields in irrigated area (as has been revealed multipurpose trees which grow indigenously in during the survey in different localities, Barsu, Garhwal region of Western Himalaya and are Agustyamuni, Tilwara, Gholtir in ; used by the people for their needs traditionally , Maldhar- in Chamoli; Purola, for fodder, fuel and also as cheap timber. It has Barkot, in Uttarkashi Disdrict). The been noted that those plants which are not used agroforestry was promoted on the marginal and as construction material in plains are quite unirrigated land and treated as welcome adequate to meet the demands in hills because in supplement to the poor crop yield. The people colder climate the wood is insect resistant. This depended more on livestocks in these area cheap wood and fuel comes from non-timber (Guptkashi, Ukhimath, Kandara, Bhanaj in MPTs which are equally good as provider of Rudraprayag and Gpeshwer, , fodder. , Naryanbagar, Tharali in district It is remarkable that the lower Chamoli). Himalayan region has predominance of the At present, the plants which multipurpose trees Bauhinia semla., B. purpurea, Government agencies use in forestry and social Bombax ceiba, Phyllanthus emblica, Ficus forestry are commonly Acacia auriculoformis, hispida, F. glomerata, Albizia lebbeck, Adina Albizia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptis cordifolia, Acacia catechu, L. chinensis, sps., Grevillea robusta, Jacarands sps., Madhuca longifolia,., Mallotus philippensis, Leucaena leucocephala, Mangifera indica, Melia Syzygium cumini, Dalbergia sissoo, Melia azadirach, Morus alba, Salix sps., vitex negundo. azedarach, Moringa oleifera etc. while the However, these plant species are not native to middle Himalaya have the MPTs such as F. Garhwal, still they may have been preferred auriculata, F. subincisa, Boehmeria rugulosa, mainly because the propagation of these plants is Grewia eriocarpa, Litsea monopetala, well known and planting material is easily Terminalia sps Ougeinia oojeinensis, Bauhinia available. But this shall be a short cut approach variegata, Pyrus pashia. In the upper Himalayan and might be largely responsible for failure to ridges Ficus nemoralis, Salix babyloinca, Alnus make it people programme. People wisely think nepalensis,Betula alnoides, Quercus of a plant well known to them ethnically and leucotrichophora, Q. gluaca,,Q semicarpifolia socially. Therefore there is need to know the etc are quite common. local MPTs so that they may be involved in There has been noticeable reflection of agroforestry. They also make it better from the stricking cultural diversity in the agroforestry point of view of crop-plant interaction, since too. While in , Rudraprayag and Chamoli their trial through ages. Further, the community district of Garhwal the most commonly preferred agroforestry may hold a new promise to the agroforestry plants are Ficus auriculata, F. conservation of ecology and prosperity of palmata, F. nemoralis, F. subincisa, Quercus people. Any such movement would involve a sps, Celtis australis, Grewia oppositifolia, G. requirement of suitable planting material. Here eriocarpa, Boehmeria rugulosa, Litsea we have selected and identified most commonly monopetala etc., in Tehri and used multipurpose trees giving complete details the plants of choice are Bauhinia sps. such as of their uses and habitat. From the list presented, Bauhinia vahlii, B. variegata, B. purpurea and plants can be choosen for particular location Albizia lebbeck, Mallotus phillippensis, Premna altitude wise. There are some plnts such as Ficus barbata etc. auriculata, F. nemoralis, F. palmata, Litsea The preference of MPTs at different monopetala, Celtis australis, Grewia altitude is also different. For example the Ficus oppositifolia, Boehmeria rugulosa, Debregeasia http://www.americanscience.org 77 americansc [email protected]

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salisifolia, Pyrus pashia, Toona ciliate, T. meeting the demand of fuel, fodder and timber of serrata which grow over from very low altitude the rural community locally around their fields in in valley to very high altitude while other group Himalayan hills. To make it popular programme, have very restricted habitat. Plants such as Ficus there is a need to include indigenous MPTs of hispida, F. semicordata, Terminalia alata, T. the area. Indigenous MPTs has other advantages bellirica, T. chebula, Wrightia arborea, Litsea also, besides providing fodder, fuel and many of chinensis, Artocarpus lacoocha can only be them provide high quality fibre (Ficus selected for plantation in lower heights (300- semicordata, Grewia oppositifolia, G. asiatica 800m asl) etc) and edible (Celtis australis, Grewia Women folk have to walk miles to get oppositifolia, G. asiatica, Ficus auriculata, fodder and fuel leaving little time for child care Ficus palmata, Ficus semicordata, Ficus and other household duties; least is to be said nemoralis, Pyrus pashia, etc). A judicious about their own emancipation. If agroforestry is selection of plant species will feed the local adopted, it has a potential to shed off waste of needs, an important input for successful time and efforts. However, it has to be a planned programme. Though several workers have activity and people should have a choice of recently documented the flora of the region MPTs and opportunity of sapling availability. In (Naithani, 1984-85; Gaur and Barthwal. 1995; this way the present study may prove to be a Gaur, 1999), but no attempt have so far been turning point. This shall prove especially helpful made to list the MPTs, which can be for Government agencies involved in recommended for agroforestry. Therefore the agroforestry and forestry. present work would be an important step in Thus the agroforestry can play a major popularizing the agroforestry in Garhwal. role in restoring the ecological imbalance by

Figure 1. Aagroforestry model developed through peoples participation for fulfilling rural needs.

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Acknowledgements: the U P Himalaya. In Khurana and Khosla Authors gratefully acknowledged the (eds) workshop proceedings, Agroforestry Head, Department of Botany, HNB Garhwal for Rural Needs 1993, 714-717pp. University, Director, High Altitude Plant [9] Gaur RD, Barthwal BS. A contribution to the Physiology Research Centre, Principal Govt. forest flora of Pauri district- Garhwal P.G. College Gopeshawar, and Project Director Himalaya. Higher plants of Indian Aajeevika project for encouragement and Subcontinent 1995 Vol. V: 1-134. Support throughout the study periods. [10] Gaur RD. Flora of the District Garhwal: NW Himalaya (With Ethnobotanical Notes). TransMedia, Srinagar Garhwal 1999. *Correspondence to: [11] Hara H, Stearn WT, Williams LHJ. An V. P. Bhatt, Ph.D. Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Assistant Professor Nepal. vol.1. London vol.2 1979 (Hara, Department of Botany, William eds.) 1978 vol.3.1982 (Hara & Govt P. G. College, Gopeshwar, 246401, Chater Williams eds.). London. Chamoli, [12] Hooker JD. The Flora of British India. Uttarakhand, India. Oxford 1872-1897. E- Mail: [email protected], [13] Jain SK, Rao RR.. A Handbook of Field and [email protected] Herbarium Methods. Today & Tomorrow's, Phone: 9412364460 N.Delhi 1977. [14] Khurana DK, Khosla PK. Agroforestry for

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