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A New Species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Amazonian Slopes of the Andes in South-Eastern Peru

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A New Species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Amazonian Slopes of the Andes in South-Eastern Peru SALAMANDRA 47(3) 161–168 20 AugustNew 2011Atelopus ISSNfrom 0036–3375south-eastern Peru A new species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in south-eastern Peru Ignacio De la Riva 1,2, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher 3, Juan C. Chaparro 4, Renaud Boistel 5 & José M. Padial 3 1) Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain 2) School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 3) Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, U.S.A. 4) Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Plaza de Armas s/n (Paraninfo Universitario), Cusco, Peru 5) IPHEP-UMR CNRS 6046, UFR SFA, Université de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers, France Corresponding author: Ignacio De la Riva, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 22 June 2011 Abstract. We describe a new species of Atelopus from the Amazonian slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in southern Peru. The new species is superficially similar to the northern Peruvian speciesA. pulcher and A. spumarius, but molecular mark- ers place it in a different clade. In addition, it lacks a middle ear and has its dorsal skin covered with minute coni. The puta- tive distribution of the new species includes the Andean piedmont in the departments of Cusco, Madre de Dios and Puno, encompassing an area of approximately 400 km in length and an altitudinal range of 400–1,000 m above sea level. Key words. Amphibia, Atelopus loettersi sp. n., A. pulcher, A. spumarius, Peru, systematics. Introduction northern Peru and adjacent Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador, whose external morphology conflicts with osteological and The Neotropical harlequin frogs (genusAtelopus Duméril molecular data so that only an integrative taxonomic ap- & Bibron, 1841) are known from humid environments proach can help resolving the problems posed (Lötters from Costa Rica south to Bolivia and eastwards into the et al. 2002, 2011). Amazon basin. They are one of the most threatened ver- Until recently, the southernmost species of (i) spumari­ tebrate groups of the World, with the majority of the more us-/pulcher-like Atelopus and at the same time (ii) lowland than 100 species having undergone severe declines, appar- species from altitudes below 1,000 m above sea level was A. ently related to the amphibian fungal disease chytridiomy- pulcher, extending southward into the northern Cordillera cosis (La Marca et al. 2005, Stuart et al. 2008). Azul in Peru (department of San Martín) (Lötters et al. Not only because many species have become virtually 2002, S. Lötters unpubl. data). Despite this, a photograph absent from the wild and cannot be studied in detail, Atelo­ of a colourful Atelopus similar to A. pulcher or A. spumari­ pus taxonomy and phylogeny are complicated (e.g., Colo- us taken at the Río Távara, Peru, near the Bolivian border ma et al. 2000). When involving molecular markers, it has (department of Puno), was published by A. Baertschi been demonstrated that the picture is highly contrasting (see MacQuarrie et al. 2001: 259). This finding was highly to attempts purely based on morphology (e.g., Noonan exciting for herpetologists involved in researching this re- & Gaucher 2005, Guayasamin et al. 2010, Lötters et al. gion, suggesting that lowland harlequin frogs were present 2011). Harlequin frogs are colourful and have remarkable much more southwards than previously expected. The pu- patterns that actually should aid in species separation and tative new species was later reported as “Atelopus sp., Río identification (see Peters 1973); however, convergence in Távara” by Lötters et al. (2005). In 2006, during fieldwork colour and pattern combined with high intraspecific vari- carried out in the region of Cusco, we collected Atelopus ation and low interspecific variation (i.e., cryptic species frogs similar to those from Río Távara. Our samples were diversity), precludes easy taxonomic allocation for many loaned to colleagues involved in important and compre- species. Furthermore, species of remarkable alikeness can hensive research on Amazonian Atelopus to be examined even belong to different clades (Lötters et al. 2010, 2011). in a phylogenetic context and readily identified as repre- This problem is well exemplified by harlequin frogs a pri- sentatives of an undescribed species, neither closely related ori referable to A. spumarius Cope, 1871 and A. pulcher to A. pulcher nor A. spumarius. It was subsequently report- (Boulenger, 1882). Both belong to a complex of appar- ed as “an apparently undescribed species from the Depart- ently different species from the upper Amazon basin of ment of Cuzco” (Lehr et al. 2008), “Atelopus sp. Cusco” © 2011 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT), Rheinbach, Germany All articles available online at http://www.salamandra-journal.com 161 Ignacio De la Riva et al. (Lötters et al. 2010) and “Atelopus sp. 2” (Lötters et al. Holotype: MHNC 5412, adult male, from km 6.2 from 2011), respectively, but has remained undescribed. In this Puente Fortaleza towards Quincemil (13º11’08.53” S, paper, we formally describe this new species of Atelopus 70º34’58.79” W, 464 m above sea level), province Quispi- from south-eastern Peru. canchis, department of Cusco, Peru, collected on 22 Feb- ruary 2006 by S. Castroviejo-Fisher, J. C. Chaparro, I. De la Riva and J. M. Padial. Material and methods Paratypes: MHNC 5410–11, juveniles, same data as holo- Individuals of the new species were collected in the field, type; MHNC 6020, adult female, and MHNC 6021, adult photographed alive, fixed in 10% formalin and preserved male, from Pozo Samanio (12º12’34.41” S, 72º56’39.33” in 70% ethanol. A tissue sample was taken for molecular W, 682 m above sea level), Río Saringabeni, province La analyses (see Lehr et al. 2008, Lötters et al. 2010, 2011). Convención, department of Cusco, Peru, collected on 25 All material was deposited at the MHNC (Museo de His- June 2006 by J. A. Ochoa; MHNC 7303–05, three adult toria Natural de Cusco, Cusco, Peru) and MNCN (Mu- males, from Chinguriato Alto, near Pongo de Mainique seo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain). The (12º15’10.44” S, 72º53’47.36” W, ca. 1,000 m above sea level), following comparative material was available from the province La Convención, department of Cusco, Peru, col- ZFMK (Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander lected on 9–10 July 2007 by J. A. Delgado and O. Tana- Koenig, Bonn, Germany): Atelopus pulcher: ZFMK 48573, pari. 76243–244, 85060–061, Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru; ZFMK 50680–685, 75796, between Tarapoto and Yurimaguas, San Diagnosis: A medium-sized Atelopus (SVL of one adult fe- Martín, Peru. male 35.2 mm, range of five males 24.7–26.7 mm) charac- External characters of specimens were examined under terized, in addition to size, by the following combination a stereomicroscope and measurements were taken with a of characters: (1) body slender, snout acuminate with the digital calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. Abbreviations used tip rounded; (2) neural spines not marked externally; (3) are: SVL, snout-vent length; HL, head length; HW, head hind limbs long, tibiotarsal articulation reaching anterior width; TL, tibia length; FL, foot length; THBL, thumb corner of eye when leg is adpressed forward along body length; HAND, hand length. The diagnosis, description (average of males TL/SVL 0.46; n = 5); (4) foot shorter than and definition of measurements and characters follow tibia (average of males FL/TL 0.82; n = 5); (5) stapes, annu- Lötters et al. (2002) and the references quoted therein. lus tympanicus and tympanic membrane absent; (6) dorsal Osteological skull characters were examined as de- parts of body and limbs covered by minute coni (pointed scribed by Guigay et al. (2007) and van der Meijden et spiculae), best visible under a stereomicroscope; (7) foot al. (2007) with X-ray synchrotron propagation phase con- webbing formula I0–0II–0III–3IV3-–0V; (8) thumb short trast microtomography and holotomography at the ID19 (average THBL/HAND 0.29; n = 5); (9) plantar and pal- beam-line of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility mar surfaces mostly smooth with subarticular tubercles (ESRF, Grenoble, France). The holotype of the new species poorly defined; (10) in preservative, dorsum dark brown and an unnumbered specimen of A. pulcher (from the vi- or tan with greyish-green irregular, well-defined markings; cinity of Tarapoto, department of San Martín, Peru, in the a similar pattern on limbs; throat, venter; ventral surfac- collection of S. Lötters) were placed in a small polypro- es of thighs and palmar and plantar surfaces cream; some pylene tube for imaging. We acquired tomographic data brown blotches may be present on the venter. In life, dorsal in phase contrast mode (energy: 35 Kev; propagation dis- parts dark brown or tan with irregular pale green mark- tance: 300 mm; voxel size: 8.06 µm). Radiographic images ings; ventral surfaces cream, white or yellow (mostly red in with a size of 2,048 x 2,048 and 1,024 x 1,024 pixels were females); lower surface of thighs, and palmar and plantar obtained by using a FReLoN CCD camera at different an- surfaces red; (11) for a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of gles of 0–180 degrees. Dark current and reference images the holotype see GenBank (accession number EU672980). without sample were recorded to perform flat field correc- Colour and pattern readily distinguish Atelopus loettersi tions on the projections. Phase retrieval was performed us- from all described Atelopus species, except the geographi- ing the mixed approach. After phase retrieval, tomograph- cally close A.
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