Studies on Monogenea of Pakistan. II. Polyopisthocotyleans from the Gills of Pellona Elongata (Bennett)

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 2, JULY 1973 195

search Center, Alaska, Dr. Gerald Schmidt at Durrani, S. D. 1952. Mammals of Utah. Univ. the University of Northern Colorado, and Dr. of Kans. Pub. Mus. of Nat. Hist. Vol. 6, 549 p. Malcolm MacDonald, Bear River Bird Refuge, Hansen, Merle F. 1948. Schizorchis ochotonae Brigham City, Utah, for their valuable sug- n. gen., n. sp. of anoplocephalid cestode. Am. gestions which enabled the authors to describe Midi. Nat. 39: 754-757. the new cestode. Further appreciation is given Schmidt, G. D. 1970. How to Know the Tape- to Dr. Norman Negus at the University of worms. W. M. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa, Utah, Salt Lake City, for making his equip- 266 p. ment available for this study. Furthermore, Spassky, A. A. 1951. Anoplocephalate Tape- the authors are greatly indebted to Mr. Mike worms of Domestic and Wild Animals. The Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, Eager, Superintendent of the Dixie State Park, 783 p. Utah, for permitting collection of animals in Walker, E. P., Warnick, Hamlet, Lange, Davis, the State Park. Uible, and Wright. 1968. Mammals of the World. Second Edition. The John Hopkins Literature Cited Press, Baltimore, 647 p. Dice, L. R. 1943. The biotic provinces of North Yamaguti, Satyu. 1959. Systema Helminthum. America. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Vol. II. Cestodes of Vertebrates. Interscience, Michigan, VIII, 478 p. New York, 860 p.

Studies on Monogenea of Pakistan. II. Polyopisthocotyleans from the Gills of Pellona elongata (Bennett)

D. C. KRITSKY1 AND F. M. BlLQEES2

ABSTRACT: Three new species are described from the marine fish, Pellona elongata (Bennett), from Korangi Creek, Karachi, Pakistan: Paramazocraea tripathii, Choricotyle pellonae, and Pellonicola lanceolatum. The genus Pellonicola Unnithan, 1967, is emended to include P. lanceolatum sp. n.

This study is based on collections made by are the same as those described by Kritsky et the second author as part of a continuing al. (1972), except that Mayer's acid carmalum investigation of the helminth parasites of fishes was used to differentiate internal anatomy. from Pakistan. Previously, Pseudochauhanea Measurements, in microns unless otherwise elongatus (Gastrocotylidae) was described from indicated, were made according to the pro- the gills of the freshwater host, Labeo rohita cedures of Dillon and Hargis (1965). The (Ham.), from Kalri Lake, Sind, Pakistan camera lucida and microprojector were used (Kritsky et al., 1972). In the present study, in the preparation of the plates. Holotypes three new species of Polyopisthocotylea, Para- are in the USNM Helminthological Collection, mazocraes tripathii (Mazocraeidae), Chori- and paratypes are in the collection of the cotyle pellonae (Diclidophoridae), and Pelloni- senior author. cola lanceolatum (Gastrocotylidae), are described from the gills of the marine fish, Paramazocraes tripathii sp. n. (Figs. 1-10) Pellona elongata (Bennett), from Korangi Creek, Karachi, Pakistan. SPECIMENS STUDIED: 10. Methods used in the collection, preservation, HOLOTYPE: USNM Helm. Coll. No. 72431. and preparation of the Monogenea for study Description Mazocraeidae, Mazocraeinae. Body fusiform, 1 Minot State College, Minot, North Dakota, USA 58701. - University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. with short broad peduncle; length 2.54 mm

(1.59 to 3.87), greatest width 367 (252 to absent in distal haptor. Transverse vitelline 567) near midlength. Cuticle thin, smooth. ducts join medially to form vitelline reservoir, Dorsal surface of trunk anterior to level of dextral duct larger. Egg not observed. bifurcation of gut with several sclerotized trans- Two pairs of conspicuous glands situated verse ridges. Prohaptor a pair of subovate near genital atrium. Excretory ducts and ner- suckers, 53 (45 to 62) by 55 (45 to 65), vous system indistinct; eyes absent. situated in posterolateral wall of buccal funnel. Opisthaptor 1,001 (630 to 1,525) long by Remarks 592 (454 to 806) wide, symmetrical, with Paramazocraes tripathii sp. n. differs from elongate terminal lappet and four pairs of P. thrissocles Tripathi, 1957, the type species pedunculate clamps. Clamps similar in shape: and its closest relative, by (1) a more restricted pr. 1—162 (146 to 172), 2—187 (143 to distribution of vitellaria, (2) anterior haptoral 218), 3—183 (156 to 215), 4—140 (126 to clamps noticeably smaller than clamps of sec- 169) wide. Structure of clamp as follows: ond and third pairs, (3) poorly differentiated Center piece with six perforations, lightly roots on the largest anchor of the lappet, (4) sclerotized; dorsal sclerite with flattened inter- several cuticularized ridges on the dorsal body nal margin; ventral sclerite rod-shaped. An- surface at the level anterior to the bifurcation chors ventral in lappet; lateral anchor 45 (42 of the gut, and (5) the host (Figs. 1-10; to 49) long, with recurved point and poorly Tripathi, 1957, fig. 42). This species is named developed roots, base 23 (19 to 26) wide. in honor of Dr. Y. R. Tripathi, author of the Outermost medial anchor 14 (13 to 15) long, genus. with elongate shank on base; booklet 5 long. Choricotyle pellonae sp. n. Innermost anchor 17 (15 to 19) long, with (Figs. 11-16) elongate deep root and short superficial root. Mouth subterminal, ventral. Pharynx sub- SPECIMENS STUDIED: 12. spherical, immediately posterior to buccal HOLOTYPE: USNM Helm. Coll. No. 72429. funnel; diameter 52 (45 to 62). Esophagus elongate, without diverticulae, bifurcates at Description level of anterior margin of vitellaria. Crura Diclidophoridae, Choricotylinae. Body elon- simple, lack diverticulae, terminate in haptor gate, with long narrow peduncle; length 5.87 at level of third pair of clamps. mm (3.50 to 8.90), greatest width 380 (252 Six to 11 testes, intercecal, subovate, posto- to 529) in anterior half. Cuticle thin, smooth. varian; length 88 (71 to 114). Seminal vesicle Prohaptoral suckers 112 (97 to 133) by 84 at level of ovary, vas deferens straight. Genital (66 to 98), muscular, subovate, situated in atrium consisting of an anterior cluster of posterior wall of buccal funnel. Opisthaptor four hooks with large bases, 18 (17 to 20) palmate, symmetrical, with four pairs of clamps long, two bilateral muscular plates each with and short terminal lappet; haptor 1.30 mm hook, 29 (26 to 33) long, and posterior V- (1.05 to 1.63) long, greatest width 1.37 mm shaped muscular piece with two pairs of (1.13 to 1.63). Clamps similar in shape, sub- palmate hooks, 27 (22 to 31) long. equal, asymmetrical; prs. 1, 2, 3—236 (195 Ovary intercecal, folded, 227 (176 to 265) to 290), pr. 4—212 (176 to 252) in diameter. long. Oviduct narrow, united anteriorly with Each clamp with eight sclerites and well- vitelline reservoir. Genitointestinal canal, va- developed proximal sucker; sclerotized ridges gina, seminal receptacle riot observed. Uterus in distal quadrants. Terminal lappet of adult a narrow tube extending along vas deferens. with pair of anchors and pair of dart-shaped Vitellaria dense, coextensive with gut except sclerites. Anchor 24 (22 to 26) long, with

Figures 1-10. Paramazocraes tripathii sp. n. 1, Ventral view of holotype. 2, Genital corona. 3-5, Hooks of genital corona. 6, Cephalic region and anterior trunk of paratype (ventral view). 7, Clamp (ventral view). 8, Innermost anchor. 9, Outermost medial anchor. 10, Lateral anchor. Figures 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, were drawn to the same scale (10 ^).

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 2, JULY 1973 199 elongate shank and recurved point. Immature Description specimens occasionally with two pairs of an- Body lanceolate, lacking peduncle; length chors. Dart-shaped sclerite 14 (11 to 15) 4.06 mm (3.00 to 5.70), greatest width 384 long, situated medial to anchor. (214 to 630) usually at level of ovary. Cuticle Mouth subterminal, ventral. Pharynx elon- thin, smooth. Prohaptoral suckers subspherical, gate ovate, 69 (49 to 81) wide, situated septate, 32 (26 to 36) in diameter, situated in immediately posterior to buccal funnel. Esoph- posterolateral wall of buccal funnel; lip of agus short, without diverticulae, bifurcates at buccal funnel highly developed. Opisthaptor level of genital atrium. Crura with lateral and asymmetrical, with elongate terminal lappet medial diverticulae, united in peduncle and and two unequal, lateral rows of similar Gastro- extend into haptor as blind, variably branched cotyle-like clamps; haptor 1,147 (844 to 1,501) cecum. long, greatest width 490 (390 to 604) at an- Testes postovarian, subovate, intercecal, ap- terior margin. Short row of clamps dextral or proximately 60 in number; length 55 (39 to sinistral, with eight to 11 members; long row 81). Vas deferens coiled; seminal vesicle bul- with 20 to 25. Clamp sclerites robust; ventral bous, immediately posterior to genital atrium. loop element with median expansion, dorsal Genital atrium 40 (35 to 46) wide, armed with loop elements articulated medially, center eight hooks; hook length 11 (9 to 12). piece perforated, accessory sclerites present; Ovary in anterior half of body, folded, 248 clamps 51 (42 to 55) wide, 62 (50 to 72) (162 to 351) long. Oviduct coiled; seminal long. Two pairs of dissimilar anchors ventral receptacle large; genitointestinal canal short; in lappet. Anterior anchor with well-developed ootype conspicuous, postovarian, surrounded roots and recurved shaft and point, anchor by numerous unicellular glands. Uterus deli- 41 (34 to 44) long, base 16 (13 to 20) wide. cate, midventral. Vitellaria dense, coextensive Posterior anchor without differentiated roots, with crura except absent in distal peduncle 16 (14 to 17) long, base 9 (6 to 10) wide. and haptor. Vitelline reservoir T-shaped, Mouth subterminal, ventral. Pharynx elon- branches subequal. Egg not observed. gate ovate, 37 (32 to 52) wide. Esophagus Excretory ducts and nervous system indis- elongate, with few diverticulae near proximal tinct; eyes absent. end, bifurcates at level of anterior margin of Remarks vitellaria. Crura blind, with medial and lateral diverticulae, terminate near level of anterior The closest relative of Choricotyle pellonae clamp of short row. sp. n. appears to be C. multaetesticulae (Chau- han, 1945) Sproston, 1946, as indicated by the Testis a variably developed mass posterior general morphology of the body, gut, and to ovary, intercecal, 1,046 (756 to 1,588) by haptor. C. pellonae differs from this species 196 (126 to 290). Vas deferens loosely coiled. primarily by possessing fewer testes, a restricted Genital atrium 29 (27 to 33) in diameter, distribution of vitellaria, and a terminal lappet armed with 12 hooks; cirrus eversible, spined. (Figs. 11-16; Chauhan, 1945, figs. 11-13). Genital pore midventral anterior to bifurcation This species is named after the host. of gut. Ovary 925 (630 to 1,260) long, intercecal, Pellonicola lanceolatum sp. n. folded, with ascending and descending limbs; (Figs. 17-22) limbs usually not crossed. Oviduct straight; SPECIMENS STUDIED: 29. genitointestinal canal frequently filled with vi- HOLOTYPE: USNM Helm. Coll. No. 72430. telline material, unites with right intestinal crus;

Figures 11-22. Polyopisthocotylea. 11-16, Choricotyle pellonae sp. n. 11, Holotype (ventral view). 12, Enlargement of worm at level of reproductive systems (ventral view). 13, Genital corona. 14, Clamp (ventral view). 15, Dart-shaped sclerite. 16, Anchor. 17-22, Pellonicola lanceolatum sp. n. 17, Ventral view of holotype. 18, Cephalic region. 19, Genital corona. 20, Clamp (ventral view). 21, Anterior anchor. 22, Posterior anchor.

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY glands of ootype poorly developed, vitelline nae unarmed, dorsal, submarginal. Eggs with reservoir Y-shaped, ventral; uterus a fine, rela- filament at each pole. Vitellaria coextensive tively straight duct. Vitellaria scattered, co- with intestinal crura. Parasites of gills of extensive with intestinal crura. Vaginae not marine fishes. observed. TYPE SPECIES: P. elongata Unnithan, 1967, Several small unicellular glandlike cells sit- from Pellona (Ilislia] brachysoma (Blkr.), uated in anterior portion of cephalic region. Trivandrum. Excretory and nervous system indistinct; eyes absent. This emended generic diagnosis was made in Remarks order to accommodate Pellonicola lanceolatum Pellonicola lanceolatum sp. n. differs from sp. n., which possessed characters differing P. elongata Unnithan, 1967, by possessing (1) from those reported for the type species. Prin- diverticulae of the intestinal crura, (2) a large cipal points involved were the presence of (1) testicular mass rather than numerous discrete diverticulae of the gut, (2) a single large testes, (3) a spined cirrus, and (4) in the testicular mass rather than discrete and nu- comparative morphology of the clamps, an- merous testes, (3) a spined cirrus, and (4) chors, cephalic region, and hooks of the genital septate prohaptoral suckers. atrium (Figs. 17-22; Unnithan, 1967, figs. 26-33). The specific name is from Latin Literature Cited (lanceolatus = lance-shaped) and refers to the Chauhan, B. S. 1945. Trematodes from Indian shape of the body. marine fishes. Part 1. On some new monogenetic trematodes of the suborders Mono- Pellonicola Unnithan, 1967 pisthocotylea Odhner, 1912 and Polyopistho- cotylea Odhner, 1912. Proc. Indian Acad. Emended generic diagnosis Sci. 21: Sect. B, 129-159. Gastrocotylidae, Gastrocotylinae: Body di- Dillon, W. A., and W. J. Hargis, Jr. 1965. visible into cephalic region, trunk, and opist- Monogenetic trematodes from the southern haptor. Opisthaptor composed of two unequal Pacific Ocean. 2. Polyopisthocotyleids from bilateral frills of sessile, Gastrocotyle-\ike New Zealand fishes: The families Disco- cotylidae, Microcotylidae, Axinidae, and Gas- clamps, and a terminal lappet with two pairs of trocotylidae. In Biology of the Antarctic Seas, dissimilar anchors. Anterior one-half of long II, Antarctic Res. Ser. 5, Am. Geophys. Union, frill of clamps extends along lateral margin of p. 251-280. posterior trunk. Prohaptoral suckers muscular, Kritsky, D. C., F. M. Bilqees, and P. D. Leiby. usually septate; pharynx small; esophagus 1972. Studies on Monogenea of Pakistan. I. short, with or without diverticulae; crura Pseudochaiihanea elongatus sp. n. (Gastro- simple, blind, with or without diverticulae, cotylidae: Gastrocotylinae) from the gills of extend to level of anterior clamp of short frill. Labeo rohita (Ham.). Proc. Helm. Soc. Wash. Testes para- and postovarian, single or many. 39: 231-233. Vas deferens loosely coiled; seminal vesicle Tripathi, Y. R. 1957. Monogenetic trematodes from fishes of India. Indian J. Helminthol. an indistinct dilation of vas deferens; cirrus 9: 1-149. usually spined, protrusible; genital atrium with Unnithan, R. V. 1967. On some gastrocotylinae 12 hooks; genital pore medioventral, at level (monogenoidean) parasites of Indian clupeoid of esophagus. Ovary near midlength, dextral, fishes, including three new genera. Pacific with ascending and descending portions. Vagi- Sci. 21: 210-229.