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THE JOURNAL OFTHE Lycoming County Historical Society

VOLUMEXV FALL NUMBER TWO 1979 JOURNAL of the LYCOMING COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Published SemfannuaLI) {n WiLl£amst)OTt, PeRKs)luanda Museum Office - 858 West Fourth Street

Telephone (Area Code 717) 326-3326

BOARDOFTRUSTEES

RALPH R.CRANMER WILLIAM E. NICHOLS, JR MICHAELLAGANA LEGAL CO UNSEL OR JOHN R.SHARPLESS,JR KENNETHE.CARL A. F. BEIGHLEY CURRENT SOCIETY PRESIDENT

BOARDOFGOVERNORS

KENNETH E. CARL, .fh'eszdent JOHN E. PERSON 111, .7rd race .fh'es. JAMES P. BRESSLER, ]sf }'zce Pres. MRS. EDITH L. WRIGHT, Secrelar) LORING B. PRIEST, 2nd rice Pres HAROLD B.TAYLOR,Treasurer

1978 - 1980TERM 1979 - 1981 TERM MRS.JOHN W. BITNER MRS.NORMANS.INGERSOLL SAMUEL J. DORNSIFE EVERETT W. RUBENDALL WILLARD A. SCHELL MISSJEAN T. HELLER CHARLESE.NOYES,SR EDWARD J. DURRWACHTER

EX-OFFICIO BOARD MEMBERS

MRS. JAMES MAEULEN, RE/)RISEN'7H T/}T JUNIOR LEAGUE OF WILLIAMSPORT DR. JUNE E. BASKIN, /LEES/DENT THE GREATER WILLIAMSPORT COMMUNITY ARTS COUNCIL ROBERT D.SMINK HISTORICAL SOCIETY RETIRING PRESIDENT SOCIETYSTAFF EXflCUT.rrE SECRETHRy and fl)/TOR - MARY ANN JOHNSON

VOLUMEXV FALL NUMBER TWO 1979

Copies of theJournal One Dollar Fifty Cents Each MUSEUM STAFF CONTENTS D {Tectov Andrew K. Grugan A ssistant to D{TectoT Patricia Kahle

Gift Shop Manager 8 Tout D{Tectov Gloria Grugan Page Executive Secvetav) Mary Ann Johnson

MUSEUMVOLUNTEER STAFF Greetings from the President 5 RegistTatfon Committee Miss June Foresman, Ch airman M rs. Stanley Bassett Historical Outline of the llth Regt. Penna. Volunteers Miss Ethel Ertel 1861 - 1865 by Dr. George W. Howe 6 Mrs. Frederick Snell The Tidewater Oil Pipeline, 1878 1883 C)PeTat£onMul,seam Andrew K. Grupan by Dr. William A. Turnbaugh 18 This and That About Thread Pubtfcft) and Put)t£cRetatfons Andrew K. Grugan by Eva Berry Steffan (1890 - 1974) 26 General R estoTation Philip N. Gould Mr. and Mrs. Emlin S. Massey First Local Telephone Exchange Started by Hiram R. Rhoads in 1819 28 Curatorial Del)aTtments. Williamsport Telephone Exchange 29 GeneTat CuvatoT Andrew K. Grugan Military History from Everett Rubendall's WRAK Mort ing Radio 37 A Tcha eoLog) James P. Bressler, Chairm an ShowFebruary 10, 1976 Willard Schell William Turnbaugh The Presbyterian Ministers of Lycoming County (Conclusion) by Warren L. Marsh: Rev. Adolos Allen, Mr. JesseS. Bell 38 ATchiues and Records Miss Gladys Tozier, Chief Mrs. Richard P. Foresman MissJean Little Miss Phyllis Briel

Educafzon Andrew K. Grugan COVERPICTURE Fine Arts Dr. June E. Barkin Welcome Home Pro- gram held at Williamsport luau.stT at Exhibits Francis Maneval PA, July 4, 1865. This program goes with the last Minerals Lewis Harper paragraph of Dr. George W. Howe's article Textiles M rs. Norman Ingersoll Mrs. Edith Wright Mrs. LesliePainton

John Sloan Memorial Collections Gloria Grugan 5 MEETINGS, 1979 1980 GREETINGSFROM THE PRESIDENT'SDESK LYCOMING COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY

October1 , 1979 September20, 1979 'The Civil War'' - Mr. Irving ''Bud'' Berndt Fellow Members September29, 1979, 8:30 A.M. Societe' trip to State College, Boalsburg Area, visiting the Pennsylvania Military I appreciate the trust that you have placed in me by electing me President of the Museumand 28th Division Shrine. There will be a conductedtour of the Baal Society and Museum for this year Mansionand ChristopherColumbus Family Chapelat Boalsburg.We will visit the It appearsthat one of our greatest needs is to strengthen our financial base so we Museumof Art and the Zoller Gallery on the Penn State Campus. can better meet our annual operating budget. It is difficult to plan a budget on a yearly basis when our annual income depends mainly on memberships which are hopefully renewedthroughout the year as the anniversarydate of each member joining the Society October18, 1979 comesup. There are a numberof waysthat we can accomplishthis: (1) to build up our The KeystoneShortway" - Mr. C. E. Noyes,color 6llm and archives endowment fund so that the income from this fund will produce a greater portion of our annual budget, (2) to increaseour total membership and to get more personsto October 27, 1979,8:00 A.M change from individual or family memberships to sustaining memberships, (3) to in- crease our business and industrial memberships, (4) to seek increased support from the Society trip to Eckley, Hazelton, and Jim Thorpe, visiting first the Anthracite County Commissioners,(5) to seeksupport from additional school districts of the Museum Visitors Center in the Village of Eckley, lunch in Hazelton and a con County. To attempt to accomplishthis I am in the processof contacting a number of personsto serveon a DevelopmentCommittee to work on all of the above areas. ducked tour of the Asa Packer Mansion, Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania. Jane Ingersoll is in the processof forming a Women'sAuxiliary to the Societyand Museum. A number of you will be contacted by Jane to help in this important work November 15, 1979 Your cooperation will be appreciated. Time indeed marches on. We realize too late that we cannot locate information Williamsport Trolleys'' - Miss Naomi Woolever and artifacts concerningour public and private institutions, businessesand industries that were or still are located in Lycoming County. We must somehowactively solicit and December8 & 9, 7:00 A.M collect from all pertinent sourcessuch data, records, drawings, house magazines, adver- Overnight Societytrip to New York City for the Christmasshow at Radio City tisements, samples of products manufactured or sold, photographs and such other Music Hall material that would help in establishingand maintaining their historical records.Each of us can do much to encouragethe collection of such material through our friends and associates. December20, 1979 I believe that by working together we can continue to uncover much of yesterday's Holiday Program ' history and preservetoday's memorabilia for tomorrow'scitizens. In this way we can help make our accomplishmentsand history come alive for our youth and bring back cherished memories for our senior citizens. April 1980,6:30 P.M. Dinner meeting at Eldred Township Fire Hall, Warrensville.A short annual business meeting will be held

Sincerely

Kenneth E. Carl, .f'yeszdenf l

6 7 HISTORICALOUTLINE U ofthe N D llth REGT.PENNA.VOLUNTEERS n P 1861-1865 0 H H 'a P By Dr. George ll '. .f/owe € The stores were closed in Williams brigade. Brigadeswere grouped into P g'!' =' }' port on that morning when the first eager divisions, and divisions composed a corps 0 }' {' {'{ soldiersfrom the local mills, shopsand Thus the achievementsof one regiment n farms entrainedfor Harrisburg.Just may be similar to those of another with N eight days earlier, PresidentLincoln had which it shared the risks of combat. And 0 issueda call for 75.000men to bear arms the work of a corps reflectsthat of each 0 in defenseof the Union, and this stirring lesserunit within its table of organization P response was typical of the cheerful com- mitment being displayedthroughout the The original staff of the new reg- entire Commonwealth. By noon on that iment was headedby Col. Pharon Jarrett 'a { 23rd of April, 1861, the Lycoming of Lock Haven.His electionto the 0 { Gazette had produced a special issue colonelcy was unanimous. Second in 0 which recountedin full detail the story command was Lt. Col. Richard Coulter a' N H of this colorful and historic departure. 4. of Greensburg, Westmoreland County. 3 Col. Jarrett was formerly the captain of Company B. The arts of war were hardly new to Lhe young men who converged on Camp Curtin. The Woodward Guardshad been On Saturdaymorning, May 4th, the new regiment boarded a Pennsylvania g organized in Williamsport as an artillery Central Train. destination West Chester. company in August, 1856 under Captain Arriving in the late afternoon,the troops N. Hall. They were named for Judge marched to the fair grounds which had Apollos Woodward. When called for ser- been converted into a training station, vice, they were commanded by Captain and namedCamp Wayne in honor of the John C. Dodge. The Williamsport Rifles, Pennsylvaniahero of the American Revol- who also reported with the Woodward ution. Here the schoolingcontinued for Guards, were a comparatively new organ three more weeks. ization. 8 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Oneof the earlyproblems of the Among the other experiencedgroups war was sabotage, the northern railroads which were destined to become parts of being a prime target. Thus it is hardly the new regiment, were the Lock Haven surprising that the partially uniformed Artillery, the Danville Rifles and the and equipped regiment was assigned, on Latrobe Light Infantry of Westmoreland May 27th, to guard a section of the Phila- County. By April 26th, the 780 youthful delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore troops from central and southwestern P Railroad. Under pressureapplied by Col. 0 Pennsylvaniawere welded into a con- Jarrett, a generoussupply of ammunition g g 2 B B 3 g B $ 8 g ventional infantry regiment, the llth was releasedfrom the army depot in 3 Pennsylvania Volunteers. Its organization, 0 Philadelphia. The several companies were D by companies, is indicated on the accom then stationedat selectedpoints along N panying chart the line betweenNewark. Del. and 4 n Havre de Grace where regimental head 0 N Actually, much is presumedin any quarters were set up. After three weeks attempt to isolate the contributions of a of guard detail, the llth was replaced single regiment to the Union cause.Just by a Delawareregiment. The ten com- as a given company was one tenth of a panies reassembled at Havre de Grace, regiment, so each regiment was one of where more clothing and equipment, three or more such units making up a including tents, were issued. 8 9 About June 15th, the Pennsylvania It is reported that Col. Jarrett's terim betweenlate July, 1861 and the gent of Gen. John Pope'sarmy, under volunteerswere ordered to move through regimentoccupied a former rebel camp time when the unit wasreactivated. D. J. the command of Gen. Banks, was moving Baltimore on route to Chambersburg at Bunker Hill on July 15. (Bunker Hill Stewart, in his "History of Lycoming southeasterly from the Shenandoah Valley where the regiment would be included is on the present U. S. Rte. 11.) Two County '' (p. 24) states that Company D for the purpose of relieving General in the 6th Brigade of Major General days later the regiment was at Charles (The Williamsport Rifles) was mustered Mcclellan in the Richmond area. At Robert Patterson's command. Shortly Town, the county seat of Jefferson County into serviceon September4, 1861. This Cedar Mountain. the Union column was after its arrivalat Chambersburg,the whereJohn Brown had been convictedof date harmonized with the certificate of met by ''Stonewall '' Jackson and Gen. A llth was reassigned to Camp Negley. treason and hanged in 1859. enlistment of Pvt. Isaac Henninger who P. Hill. General Banks was forced to near Hagerstown. While Gen. Patterson was consolidat was accepted from Clinton County, Sep retire member 9, 1861. Pvt. Henninger was The official Civil War records+iden On the night of June 18-19,the 6th ing his control of the Charles Town area Brig. Gen. Irvin Mcdowelland Gen enrolled in Company B. tify the llth Pennsylvania Volunteers Brigade made a forced march to with three additional encounters which Williamsport, Md. in anticipation of an Pierre Beauregard were maneuvering Whateverthe official date of re. occurred between August 28 and Sep- enemy attack. Happily the Confederates their forcesin anticipationof a major muster may have been, it appears certain did not show,and by morning the bri confrontation near Centerville, Virginia. that the regimentwas under the com- tember 1. Taken together, they are some- gade was back at its base camp- At this little more than twenty miles west of mand of Col. Richard Coulter. As a times said to comprise the Manassas Cam- Washington. In order [o strengthen the paign. Gen. Jackson had challenged the time the brigadewas under the command Confederate lines. about 9.000 men had lieutenant-colonel. he had served the of Colonel J. J. Abercrombie. regiment in the July advance on Martins- Union forces to a fight by destroying a been transferred by rail from Harpers vast quantity of military suppliesat Ferry. Thus it came about that Patterson burg, CharlesTown and HarpersFerry. Manassason August27. On the very The single engagementin which the The Henninger servicerecord statesthat next afternoonthe Confederatesand three-months volunteers took part was able to seizeHarpers Ferry, this ac- the llth Regimentwas assigned to Corps tion being accomplished on Sunday, .july Federals clashed in a standing engage occurred near Hoke's Run (Falling 1, Army of the Potomac,and that part of ment in which neither side yielded Waters) in what was then Virginia, July 21. On the very same day, Mcdowell's the unit was soon stationed at Baltimore. 2, 1861. Gen. Patterson'sentire com- men were being routed in the first battle ground. This battle was fought near of Bull Run, and Washington was jolted The main purpose of this assignment Groveton, and, in the official records, mand, including the 6th Brigade, had was to reducethe risk of rioting when forded the Potomac near Williamsport into a revision of its estimate regarding the event appearsto have been named the duration of the war Union troops, on route to Washington. for the village of Gainesville. very early in the morning. Its main were required to change railroad stations. column was advancing along the Martins- The term of enlistmentof the llth And thereis reasonfor believingthat On the following morning, Pope burg road when the Union skirmishers Pennsylvania Volunteers was now about part of the regimentwas on similar duty mounted a massive attack on Jackson's encountered resistance about Hive miles to expire. Considering the lack of immed- at Annapolis. Large numbers of troops line. now well entrenched behind a rail- from the ford. iate replacements, Gen. Patterson per were being movedby ship from Havre road embankment.Although at first suaded the entire personnel to remain on de Grace to Annapolis, and thence to gravely outnumbered, Jackson'smen not Col. Abercrombieimmediately de duty until the regiment could be properly Washington by rail. Col. Coulter's service only held their position but actuallytook playedthe lst Wisconsinand the llth relieved. This magnanimous response may record shows that he was at Annapolis the offensive. When this two-day struggle Penna.on either side of the road, and in December,1861 . ended. the battered armies were on the the rebel scouts were soon scattered. At have prompted an order by the Secretary of War by which the regiment was very same field where Blue and Gray had dawn, the detached forces rejoined the accepted for remuster for three years. By EarlyApril, 1862found the llth first foughtin July, 1861 brigade. This skirmish was reenacted this directive the llth of Pennsylvania Regiment deployed along much of the somewhat later as the main column became the Hirshunit approved for the ManassasGap Railroad, the highly stra- By September 1, Pope had elected pushed more deeply into enemy territory. newly adopted term of service tegic line of communication between to move his army back toward Washing Again, the llth Pennsylvaniaunder Col. tidewater Virginia and Strasburg on the ton. Reading this maneuver, Jackson Jarrett supported the Wisconsin Volun- Fresh troops soon reached Harpers Shenandoah. The zone under surveillance attempted to turn the Union columns teers. Under concertedfire from artillery Ferry, and, on July 26, Col. Jarrett's was gradually extended westerly to in near the country estatecalled Chantilly. and small arms, the Confederatesagain command was ordered to entrain for dude Front Royal. On this assignment. Fighting in a dismal rain, which fell withdrew. This engagement was entered Baltimore and Harrisburg. The separ- the troops were expected to guard against throughout the engagement,the Federals in the recordsas the Battle of Hike's ation formalities which followed at Camp rebel saboteurs,and to repair any completelyfoiled the rebel plan. Gen Run. Curtin brought this first tour of duty to a damagewhich might result from spring Pope was transferred to the Department very honorable conclusion. In his order of flooding. The Henninger servicerecord of the Northwest,and his army was On July 3 the Abercrombiebrigade July 24, directing the regiment to entrain indicates that the Coulter regiment was distributed among other commands. The reached Martinsburg. It is of interest to at Harpers Ferry for Baltimore (and movedto Falmouth,Va. at sometime in llth Pennsylvania Volunteers became a note that a stand of "national colors Harrisburg), Maj. Gen. Patterson stated May. It wasat Front Royal on June 7 part of the Third Brigade, SecondDivis was presented to the regiment from that the conductof the regimenthad ion, Corps 1, Army of the Potomac. Pennsylvania by a group of patriotic merited his highest approbation. -E- Apparently the first engagementin Major General Joseph Hooker com- women at Martinsburg. These colors were which the reactivated regiment was in- manded Corps. I. carried for most of the following three Historians have supplied compar volved was fought at Cedar Mountain, - WaT of the Rebellion O{Jicial Records years. atively little information about the ' in Virginia, on August 9, 1862. A contin- rot. XL VI, PUTT11, P. 873 10 1 1

As early as September3, Lee re- minent, Lee elected to keep pressure on Ehe invaders by moving fresh divisions terminus at Aquia Creek, virtually on the solved to lead his poorly-clad veterans in- the Union garrison,and to deployhis into the fray. By nightfall, both armies Potomac.The long blue columnswere to Maryland.And within three days, the remainingforces along the west bank of were badly mauled but neither was still on route when, on November7, entire Army of Northern Virginia had Antietam Creek on a line bordering actually defeated. their commanderwas replaced by Maj. crossedthe Potomac,and wason its way Sharpsburgon the north and east. In Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside. Shortly after- toward Boonsboro and Hagerstown. Less selecting this location for a stand, Lee Something akin to an undeclared ward, the army was organizedinto three than ten miles north of Hagerstownlay had due regard for Blackford'sFord and truce prevailedon Thursday, the 18th. grand divisions. Corps 1, now under the the rich farms of the Cumberland Valley for the second low-water crossing at Each side sought to regroup its scattered command of General John F. Reynolds, forces, and to recover an element of which could supply shoes,good food, Shepherdstown. Should he be forced to became a part of the Left Grand Division. fresh horses and the much-needed withdraw, he had these escaperoutes composure.When morning dawned on wagons - into Virginia. Friday, it was found that the Confederate Gradually the Union lines converged positions were unmanned, Lee having on the north bank of the Rappahannock The name ''South Mountain '' refers Actually, the 12000 plus Federals withdrawn his entire command, mainly opposite Fredericksburg. The three grand to a ridge which crosseswestern Maryland who tried LOhold HarpersFerry were by way of Blackford'sFord. Antietam divisions were positioned for the crossing in a roughly north-south direction. High- forced to surrender early on the morning was a tactival victory for the North, since bht delays in constructing the pontoon ways crossche ridge at three gaps, namely of Monday, September 15th. Thus wall Lee's first invasion of free soil had been bridgeskept the Federalsnearly idle until Turner's Gap, Fox's Gap and Crampton's removedthe main obstruction to the free turned back December 11 when the first of the main Gap, the most northerly being Turner's useof the ShenandoahValley as a Con commandsurged into the city. Other Gap. Through it passesthe main road federate line of communication and Never a man to rush into combat regiments followed in quick succession between Middletown and Boonsboro. supply- And large numbers of Jackson's Mcclellan choseto remain in the Sharps burg area at least long enoughto recover On the morning of Saturday, South Mountain virtually controls the men were immediately freed to bolster December 13, the llth of Pennsylvania Ehestragglers, succor the wounded and to eastern approaches to the Cumberland the relatively thin line at Sharpsburg bolster the morale of those who were was one of the four regimentsof its Valley along which Lee proposed to press brigade deployed south of and parallel his advance into Pennsylvania. By Tuesday afternoon, the contend- shaken by the appalling carnage on the banks of Antietam Creek. Two weeks to the Bowling Green Road, about two ing forces of South and North were miles southeastof the city. To this con- Leaving Frederick about September later therewas little to indicatethat the arrayed along a three-mile front roughly tingent was given the task of engaging 10th, the Confederateshad moved welter defined by Antietam Creek. The Con- Army of the Potomacwould soon take the Confederateright, now well en- ly through Turner's Gap and Crampton's federatesheld the higher and more the road. wooded terrain, while the Federal ad trenchedon the high terrain directlyin Gap with the two-fold purpose of estab- front. The first assault,led by Brig. Gen. lishing a base near the Potomac crossings vantage lay mainly in its marked superior- Thereupon PresidentLincoln con ferred with Mcclellan. and extendedto NelsonTaylor, wasvery ably met, and and of capturing the Union garrison at ity in numbers the attacking units were soon forced to Harpers Ferry. However a complicating the army the courtesy of a presidential withdraw. An afternoon thrust was also review. Without doubt, Mr. Lincoln was situation developedon the evening of It was dusk when Generals George stalled, whereupon Taylor's brigade was September 13, when Mcclellan's advance Meade and Joseph Hooker led their much concernedabout his own recent units arrived at the entrances to these relieved by fresh troops. Col. Coulter was troops onto the field in what was hoped emphasis on emancipation, and about among those who were cited for gallant South Mountain passes Lee's now divided would be a surprisetest of the Con- its military implications.Certainly a for- conduct on the field forces were in jeopardy. The invaders federate left. But the assault had been mal pronouncementwould need the were forced to delay the Union columns anticipated and it was well met. Little backing of a vigorous field campaign. While the Left Grand Division was by holding the passes until Confederate ground was taken, and darkness soon Still little happened at Sharpsburg. committed against the Confederate strength could be consolidatedat a site ended the contest. It is probable that right, the other grand divisions were which would be favorablefor a full Colonel Coulter's regiment, as a unit in On October 6, Gen. Halleck wired assailing the entrenched defenders of scale confrontation Corps 1, had a part in this opening Mcclellan, ''The President directs that Marye's Heights overlooking the city on skirmish you crossthe Potomacand give battle the west. Here too, despite the most The strugglefor the gaps beganin to the enemyor drive him south. Your spirited and costly Federal attacks, the the early hours of Sunday, the 14th, and The main battle of Antietam Creek army must move now while the roads rebellines held. by evening the defenders had been forced began at 6:00 on Wednesday morning are good." Never-the-less,November had to retire from all threegateways through with a massive attack by Hooker's Corps arrived before the last wagon train Accounts differ regarding the events the mountain. Mcclellan's columns now I on the north end of the enemylines crossed the bridges at Harpers Ferry to of December 14, but they agree on the had almost unobstructed accessto the By 7:30, Hooker was being supported start the long trek toward Warrenton and complete withdrawal of IJnion forces to CumberlandValley. And by their valor by General Mansfield's Corps Xll, and by pointssouth. the left bank on the night of December in Turner's Pass, the llth Pennsylvania mid-morning, General John Sedgwick's 15-16. Six days later President Lincoln Volunteershad contributed much to the Division of Corps ll was making good The newly selected target was gave the army an inspirational address. success of this important operation. progresstoward the Dunkard Church Fredericksburg at the head of navigation and on the morning of New Year's Day where the columns were scheduled to on Rappahannock. The city controlled he pennedhis formal EmancipationProc- converge. Historians have often recounted the Richmond,Fredericksburg and lamation. The moral aspectof the war Advised by Gen. "Stonewall '' Jackson Potomac Railroad which had its northern was thus confirmed that the fall of Harpers Ferry was im Mcclellan's day-long attempt to repel 12

Still hurting from the defeatat two corps were being held in readiness division at York, and two more divisions troops were forced to retire from the Fredericksburg, Burnside sought to regain on the east bank of the Rappahannock occupiedthe area centeringon Carlisle. town, and to take advantageof the high the initiative by sendinga strong con- below Fredericksburg. The more north- While cavalry troops were harassingthe ground of Culp's Hill, CemeteryHill tingent up the left bank. This maneuver erly was Corps VI under Maj. Gen. militia as far north as Camp Hill, the and Cemetery Ridge was intended to draw Lee up the right John Sedgwick, while on Sedgwick's left veterans of Corps ll awaited Lee's orders bank to a point where he could be en- was Corps 1, commanded by Gen. John at their basemidway between Harrisburg As the first day's fighting ended gaged with less disadvantage to the Union Reynolds, and including the llth Reg- and Gettysburg. Longstreet and A. P. LheConfederates held the entire town of arms than had been the caseat Marye's iment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. Hill anchored the line on the west. Gettysburg, and Seminary Ridge which Heights. However, within five days the was the westerly counterpart of Cemetery utterly mired columns were recalled to Sedgwick's corps crossed the river on This most awkward predicament was Ridge. At the point of their greatest the base-campsaround Falmouth.On Saturday, May 2, and late that night also complicated by the replacement of separation, the opposing lines were about January 25, Gen. Joseph Hooker was the encounter with Early's Confederates General Hooker by Major General George a mile apart, but the intervening space placed in command of the Army of the began. By late afternoon on Sunday, Gordon Meade. Although the new com- narrowed decidedly toward the south. By Potomac, and with this change came the Marye's Heights had been taken and mander of the Army of the Potomactook nightfall, the Union Corps I had been end of the three grand divisions.The Sedgwick's three divisions were pushing immediate measures to buy time and to positionednear the north end of Cem- I Ith Pennsylvania Volunteers remained in toward SalemChurch. effect a better disposition of his forces, etery Ridge. Major General Doubleday the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division. Corps I. nearly three days elapsedbefore Meade now replaced Reynolds who was fatally In the meantime, Corps I had been actually arrived at Gettysburg.By that wounded in the struggleto hold the Cash By late April, 1863, Gen. Hooker ordered to Chancellorsville to bolster time, the first day'sfighting washistory. down Pike. had completed plans for a ''back door ' Hooker's hard-pressed veterans. Following approach to Fredericksburg. The basic a night march, to and acrossthe United The first really serious exchange The secondday was markedby two intent was to draw Lee away from the StatesFord, Reynoldshad his corps in occurred early in the morning of July 1 city by mountinga strong Union threat major attemptsto roll up the Union line a supportiveposition just eastof the Whatever his orders or his objective may Much of Ewell's corps was used in a easterly from Chancellorsville. Accord- Rapidan. Monday, May 4, was another have been, Major General Henry C. Heth ingly, the first contingentmoved rapidly savagebut futile assaulton Culp'sHill day of combat on two ''fronts'' with led two gray-cladbrigades through the and Lee probed the Union line between up the Rappahannockand crossedat disappointing results. With nightfall, Cashtown Gap, bent on crushing any Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill. Failing KellysFord. Then, by fording the Rap- Gen. Sedgwick'scommand pulled back opposition which the Federals might be at the north. the invadersstruck the idan, its columnstendevoused at the across Scotts Ford. and Hooker's Hive able to offer. As it happened, General south end of the Union line. Here they staging area. A second force, consisting corps began to withdraw by way of .John Buford's division of unmounted forced Corps 111under Sickles and Corps of Corps ll and Corps 111, followed by United StatesFord. It is reportedthat cavalry and a token body of Pennsylvania V under Major GeneralSykes to yield way of United StatesFord. Altogether, the llth PennsylvaniaRegiment helped militia were the first to acceptthe Hooker had at least 50,000 men on ground, including the area remembered LOcover this crossingon the night of May challenge . for the wheat6leld and the peachor- location on the morning of Friday, May 4-5. After nine daysof marchingand l chard. But, despite hours of Confederate fighting, the left bank of the Rappah- The gravity of the situation was soon annock afforded rather bitter comfort to sniping and even close-rangecombat, the the men under Union arms. apparent, and all available Union re defendersof the Round Tops held their Leaving Maj. Gen. Jubal Early at enforcements were hurriedly moved to the positions Marye's Heights, Lee and Jackson also fray. Among the first groups to arrive moved directly toward Chancellorsville. As soon as General Hooker became was Corps I, led by GeneralJohn aware of this massive Confederate man- First contact was made about midday of Reynolds. Thus the llth Pennsylvania Friday, July 3 opened u'ith another May 1 . Under persistent pressure, Hooker euver, he countered by moving virtually Volunteers were involved in the action early morning attack on the Union right gradually recalled his forces virtually to all available Federal forces to the Po- almost from the beginning. Howard's at Culp's Hill. And again the Confed their starting position. tomac crossingsabove Washington, keep- CorpsIX took the field somewhatlater in eraseswere beaten off. Lee now directed ing his divisionsessentially on a line the morning,to be followedby Major his attention to the comparatively un On the morningof May 2, Lee between the invaders and the capital. GeneralDaniel Sickleswho had rushed bestedcenter of the Federal front, a shift directed Jackson to outflank the Union There were even sketchy Union plans for Corps111 to the scenefom its temporary which was clearly ''read" by General right. This maneuver met moderate a possible confrontation along the ''Pipe position near Emmitsburg Meade and by Major General Hancock opposition,but the main body of Con- Creek Line" which lay at least fifteen whose troops held the center position on federates was able to continue westerly miles southeast of Gettysburg. In the meantime,General A. P. Hill CemeteryRidge. Following a sixty-minute accordingto plan. About five that after- was moving the remainder of his corps artillery exchange, a gray line, nearly a noon, Jackson's men rushed out of the By June 28th, the Confederateswere through the CashtownGap, while Ewell mile in length, swept toward the Union woods behind Maj. Gen. Howard's Corps strategically deployed between Chambers- was ordering the deployed parts of Corps defenses. Augmented by other units, XI, throwing the unwary Federals into a burg and the SusquehannaRiver. 11 to converge on the town by the roads General Pickett's division did succeedin complete rout. Gordon's brigade was at Wrightsville, from Carlisle,Harrisburg and York. By making several contacts, but the thrust although it had arrived too late to seize a surprisingsequence of events,the early was soon contained. In essence. the sec While the first blows were being and save the covered bridge leading to morning skirmish had grown into a full- ond invasion of the North had been exchanged in the Chancellorsville area, Columbia. Jubal Early had almost a full scale engagement.Slowly the Union halted 14 15 Although, on the morning of July 4, The official army recordsrecount in It was late May when Grant began Beginning with June 15, 1864, the the Confederates were still within easy considerable detail a series of encounters another thrust toward the Confederate service record of Pvt. Isaac Henninger of striking distance, Meade refrained from which comprisedthe Mine Run Cam- capital. He overcameminor oppositionat Company B reads like a synopsis of the making an attack. Soon Lee's wagon- paign. The combat area, which is twenty the North Anna River on May 23, and siege of Petersburg. And it is likewise a trains began moving westerly over the miles west of Fredericksburg, had been at Totopotomoy Creek a week later. By brief chronology of the llth Pennsylvania Cashtown Pike, and his other troops enteredby the Army of the Potomacby June 1, the Army of the Potomachad Volunteersfor the last ten months of the started the hard march back into Mary- crossingthe Rapidan on November 26. reached Cold Harbor, about ten miles war. On June 22 and 23, the regiment land, mainly by the Fairfield Gap in Having fought repeated skirmishes northeast of Richmond. Here Lee made participated in an unsuccessfulattempt to South Mountain. Their route then led through the remainder of the month, another resolute stand. Although Grant take the Weldon Railroad. Also it was southwesterly in anticipation of a crossing the Federal forces retired northerly on mounted a massiveassault on the enemy amongthe units which tried to capitalize near Williamsport. December I and 2. The llth of Pennsyl lines on June 3, it was blocked with con- (July 30) on the famous explosion of four vania was involved in this action. siderable loss to the Union arms. Still tons of powder under the Confederate Meade. however. elected to move his Grant continued to hold the area around fortifications. forces down the MonocacyRiver and On March 9, 1864, largely by reason Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church thence through Turner's Gap into the of his victories in Tennessee, Ulysses S. throughjune 12. On August 18, CorpsV did cut and Great Valley. Once west of the moun- Grant was elevatedto the rank of fortify the WeldonRailroad at a point tains, he expected [o make contact with lieutenant-general,and was given the three miles south of the city. This action the enemyin the general area south of command of all Union forces in the field. One outcomeof the push toward was strongly contested, but the loss of this Hagerstown. One report states that the He elected to make his headquarters Richmondwas a new regard for the second rail line was permanent Potomachad risen three feet, and that with the Army of the Potomac.With strategic importance of Petersburg.Sit the pontoon bridges had been lost. Thus Sherman's army poised to enter Georgia, uated 23 miles south of Richmond, on Of special interest was the award of Grant took all available Federal forces the Army of Northern Virginia was forced the south bank of the Appomattox River, the Congressional Medal to Pvt. George into a very risky hold while its engineers southward acrossthe Rapidan, and en Petersburg was a rail and highway center W. Reed of Company E (Pittston). Pvt. improvised new bridges. Finally, on the Raged . Lee's army in the wooded area through which men, food and amunitions Reed had captured the colors of the 24th night of July 13-14, Lee moved his entire which lay roughly ten miles west of were freely moved into the Confederate North CarolinaRegiment in the Battle command safely into Virginia. Fredericksburg. For three days (May 5-7) capital. Cutting any of the five convert of Weldon Railroad on August 21. the armies fought an almost stationary ing rail lines, or seizing one or more of The West Point Atlas of American battle. This time there was the added the trunk highwayscould work an September 30 and October I were Wars showsthe Union Corps I as being complication of raging brush fires. The immediate hardship on the enemy. More- marked by action at the Trebler (Peebles) southeast of Hagerstown on July 13. active roster of Colonel Coulter's reg over, Petersburgwas but eight miles by Farm as the slow westerly encirclement Hence, for the llth PennsylvaniaVol iment, now a part of Corps V, was re- rail from City Point on the JamesRiver. continued. As soon as this new position unteers, that date and place marked the duced by 155 men, most of whom were This landing site had been taken by the was fortified, Meade staged a fresh thrust end of the Gettysburg Campaign. The wounded. Army of the Jamesunder Major General toward the Boydton Plank Road and regiment sustainedvery light losses,but Benjamin Butler on May 4. City Point Hatcher's Run. a small stream southwest these belie the importance of the service Grant's ultimate objective was Rich- thus became readily accessibleto Union of the city. Neither objectivewas gained. which had been rendered. mond.With a lossof contacton the shipping. On December10, the 97th New York morningof May 8, both armiesquickly Volunteers and the llth of Pennsylvania Comparatively little information is moved about ten miles toward the south On the evening of June 15, following fought off a cavalry attack on the Sussex available which bears on the whereabouts east, there to resume the same costly a conference with General Grant. General Road. The Federalshad beenengaged in and activities of the regiment between struggle which had been started in the Butler movedCorps XVlll of the Army destroying more trackage on the Weldon mid-summer and the autumn of 1863. Wilderness. Each commander applied of the James against the northeastern Railroad. This incident appearsto have There were important new gains in Tenn constant pressure to his opponent, yet third of the Confederate defenses. The marked the end of serious exchanges essee, but the eastern theater appears to neither appeared to gain a pemlanent assaultcontinued into June 18, as increas until early February. Despite the demands have been relatively quiet until protracted advantage.This new pattern of fighting ing numbers of Union troops were moved of army life, the men of Colonel Coulter's fighting erupted near Bristle (Bristow), conformed with Grant's declared in- up to the line. Warren'sCorps V, in- regiment had indicated a lively interest Virginia on October 9. Thereafter, the tention to wear down the enemy. Typical cluding the llth of Pennsylvania, was in civic affairs by a rather close vote in Army of the Potomac was in frequent of this Spottsylvania contest were three among the augmenting corps, having the presidential election of November 8. contact with the enemy through October assaultson Confederate positions by Corps reached the south bank of the James by 22. An engagement at Bristow Station V in two days. Each effort accomplished bridge on June 15-16. Beauregard was Spring had barely returned to tide on the 14th suggeststhat control of the almost nothing. forced to retire to new fortifications be water Virginia, when Grant resumedthe Orange and Alexandria Railroad was hind the Norfolk and PetersburgRail- grim business of ending the rebellion. being contested. In its issue of November In twelve days of almost incessant road. On .June22, Corps V was near the On February 5, the Federalsopened their 6. the Clinton Democratcarried a fighting, both sides sustained severe losses. left endof the Union line. betweenthe final campaignin Virginia with a three soldier'sletter, indicating that the reg- Colonel Coulter was one of the 112 railroad and the JerusalemPlank Road, day drive for new positionson Hatcher's iment was still at Bristow Station on casualtiesreported for his regiment al Run. Corpsll and CorpsV, with de- October 28. one of the main highwaysleading to the Spottsylvania Court House. city from the south. tachments from Corps VI, crossed the run 16 17 against heavy opposition, aid cavalry remainder of the Army of Northern Comparatively little information addressby William H. Armstrong,Esq units reached Boydton Road. The infan Virginia. Negotiationswere brief, and wasfound which bearson the return of In its issue of July 8, the Welt Branch try immediatelyfortified the newly-gained Lee's surrender was formalized on Palm che veteransto their homesand to Bulletin carried a full accountof the ground, and thus the westerly advance Sunday, April 9, 1865. .Johnston surf civilian life. However, Gov. Andrew Cur event, as well as a letter of thankswhich endured to Sherman in North Carolina continued.The llth of Pennsylvaniawas tin did call upon the peopleof the was signed "Many Soldiers now one of five regiments comprising the on April 26, bringingthe war 10 a Commonwealth to reserve July 4 as a 2nd Brigade of the 3rd Division of Corps b irtual end \ special day for the grateful recognition of formersoldiers. In response10 this On May 30, 1910, fourteen veterans appeal, a public celebration was observed of the llth Pennsylvania Volunteers C)n March 25 . the Confederates Exactly at nine, on the morning of were members of Reno Post, No. 64 May 23, the leadingunit of the Army of in Williamsport. The Young Men's Union made a valiant but unsuccessfulattempt Association sponsored a dinner in Herdic's Grand Army of the Republic, Williams to cut the Union line at Fort Stedman. the Potomacleft the capitolarea to Grove, together with band music and an port and. as the month was ending, Union march up PennsylvaniaAvenue in its forces engaged the enemy along Gravelly Grand Review. Regimentalcolors were Run. Corps ll and Corps V again worked proudly displayed as infantry, cavalry and jointly in this latter action. Warren's artillery moved past the curbside stands of Corps V also clashed with a Confederate the several states from which the men had division just east of the crossroads com come. At the final stand, they accepted munity of Five Forks. By now, the count the applauseof selectednational digni- down at Petersburg was nearing zero taries, including Andrew Johnson, their new President of but nine days. It was early afternoon when the last marchers The last decisiveengagement began FOOTNOTES at 4:00 on the afternoon of April 1, when reached the White House grounds, where Sheridan's cavalry and the infantrymen they received suitable tokens of appreci- of Corps V clashed with General George ation from a grateful people.The Armies E. Pickett's command at Five Forks of Georgiaand the Tennesseewere ten dared similar honors on the following about ten miles southwestof Petersburg -.4 The JiTst local grout) to Leaxie The enemy was routed, clearing the route day :he soldiers and their escort pUTt) .I'oT camp logs the Bead) ATtflleT.j of .ffnaLt) reached Lock Haven 10 Southside Railroad and the Appom Marc), Cont)an)G. The) LeftMun itLox River. In reporting this action. ='g APT£1 22nd, and amiued at Camp Brig. Gen. Baxter of the SecondBrigade One of the last official acts of Maj wrote that officers and men conducted Gen. George Gordon Meade was to issue =uvtin the same da) MT. James Chatham, Esq. greet- themselves creditably. a farewell message to the men whom he ed the guestslofts an addresso.f had led for the final two yearsof the -B - in its issue oJ August 8th, the welch«~e to «,Rich Col. Java'tt re war. This he did on June 28, the day :;Ltnlon Democrat reported the wel- sPonded. Then came the lotte Sunday morning, April 2, was :omfng act€&t£es which marked the awaited dfnnev. When the teisuTet) marked by a complete collapse of the when the Army of the Potomac was western Confederate defenses as Union officially dissolved.These closing words return o.I' Clinton Count)'s levee meat was .finished, the "Lock Haven Tenths uolunteevs.A committee oJ' AvtfLLeT)" and the men from MILL troops closed the noose, reaching the were an eloquent salute to the veterans patvfotfc citizens had engaged the railroad and the south bank of the river of his former command: ''Soldiers, having Hall J'oTmed theft TesPectfuematch- Baxter's =Lfnng Toon o.f the TaiLToad depot ing units, and Paraded .from the This was the last time that accomplished the work set before us, hav: station to the Fallon House where the brigade was actively engaged.At 3:00 ing vindicated the honor and integrity of is the center oJ.festidtfes, and a A.M. on Monday, it was discovered that our Governmentand flag, let us return reception and dinner mete planned Lwo companies mete dismissed. The the Confederateworks were unmanned .foT Fvida) evening, Aught 2nd men o.f Compaq) C loeve .fuTthev thanks to Almighty God for his blessings But ft logsactual!) about 6:00 A.M Almost within the hour, Union troops in granting us victory and peace, and let honoredat a Publicd£nneT at Milt were on the streetsof Petersburg. It was us earnestly pray for strength and light on SatuTda] when the twain bringing Halt on Augu.st 7 soon clear that Lee's army had fled west to discharge our duties as i:itizens as we ward along the north bank of the river have endeavored to discharge them as soldiers. Leaving adequate garrisons at Rich- mond, Petersburgand City Point, Grant immediately dispatched his remaining The formalities of mustering-out forceswesterly along the south bank of appear to have been brief and rather the river in pursuit of Lee's fleeing divi simple, for the concluding entry on the lions. The chaseended eighty miles away Isaac Henninger service record reads: The museum archives has a list of Appomattox Court at the village of ''Honorably DischargedJuly 1, 1865 near the selected sources used by Dr. Howe in House where Grant intercepted the Washington, D. C. preparing the above article. 18 19 THE TIDEWATER OIL PIPELINE, 1878-1883 months at a time, where necessary, the independent coastal refineries. Im Rockefellerwould market his refined oil petus for such a project increasedafter for lessthan the price he paid for crude the early 1870's,by which time it was B3?1)r. Wz'/Zzam,4 . Turnbaugh oil at the wells. becoming clear that the railroads were Assoc.Prof./Anthropology actually acting as silent agentsof the University of Rhode Island Clearly, without some unexpected Standard Oil Company. At last, in April challenger to quickly intervene and break of 1876, with Standard verging on com- Kingston, RI 02881 Standard's stranglehold on the oil indus- plete control of the oil industry, a newly The Indians called it Tionesta, this try, one company and its president would incorporated Seaboard Pipeline Company overnight. But the situation had changed effectively control the production, qual committed the Htrst long-distance pipe- vast virgin wilderness atop northwestern drastically by the summer of 1876. By ity, quantity and price of everylampful line to paper. Pennsylvania'srugged Allegheny Plateau then, the oil industry was dominatedby of oil sold around the world. Eventoday, the word and the land in a singlecorporate giant. For all other The proposedline was to run from that area endure with but little change. concerns, new and old, any phase of the With the railroadsas his ally, Rocke- the Butler, Pennsylvania, oil fields ta petroleum business--whether production , Nearby lies another district, less ancient feller seemed nearly invincible. Since the Baltimore, Maryland. But difficulties in aspect, but whose names likewise revive refining, or selling--was an uncertain venture. It seemedinevitable that within very beginning of the oil era, transporta- plagued the venture even before actual the past and stir the imagination.Oil tion of the productout of the wild and construction could get underway. To City, PetroleumCenter, Tarport, Pit- another four years or less there would inhospitable regions where it was found begin with, many farmers along the route hole--such are the relics of the early oil be only one refiner and dealer, so that even the men who coaxedthe oil from had proven to be the greatestdifficulty proved unwilling to sell a right-of-way to days of Venango County. and expensefor the oilman. The usual the company; they regarded the pipes the ground would be completelyat the and their volatilecargo uneasily. At Farther to the east, in Lycoming mercy of the Standard Oil Company of method of transport was for teamsters Ohio. [o haul the barrels of crude oil by wagon about the sametime. severalofficers of County, Williamsport was just beginning over tortuous trails to the railroads. In the corporation were being exposed as its reign as ''the Lumber City". Magnif- frauds and embezzlers. Then rumors Under the astute leadershipof John the early spring it was possibleto raft icent forestsand good streamsfor rafting a few barrels down the rampaging creeks circulated to the effect that the company logs and powering mills were that region's D. Rockefeller,during lessthan 17 years until their currents subsided. But as the major resourcesa centuryago. Still, by of existence, Standard had come to con- was bankrupt. Consequently, its stocks trol morethan 90 percentof the oil only methodsof movingthe oil, neither were refusedand it finally did go bank- the spring of 1879 Williamsport already business in the United States-- and for was really satisfactory, being accom rupt. The first attemptto lay a pipe to had slipped into the petroleum era and panied by great expenseand delay and the sea came to an inglorious conclusion was playing a primary role in what may that matter, in the world. Of the three main refining centersin 1876(Cleveland, quite often an appreciable loss of both during the sameyear it had beenunder- have been the original oil crisis. The story petroleum and personnel. taken. goes like this: Ohio; the Pennsylvaniaoil regions;and New York City), Standard owned all save a half dozensmall refineries,all in New Then, in 1865, Samuel Van Syckle, Still there were those who believed Just after ''Colonel" Edwin Drake drilled the world's first oil well on the York. For thesesix independentsand for a Titusville oilman, laid the first oil pipe- that the idea of a pipeline running from a handful of others found outsidethe line. a two-inchconduit which ran for outskirts of Titusville, prospectors and the oil regions to the coast had a future. main centers,there was scant hope of five miles from the Van Syckle well to Among them were three Titusville men speculatorsbegan pouring into the quiet the nearest railroad. This innovation who were determinedto establishthe back country of Pennsylvania'snorth- survival. Their future seemed predictable. Once refusing to be bought out by Mr. was not welcomed by all, and certainly world's first successfullong-distance oil western interior. They came in an "oil Rockefeller for a modest sum. the re- not by the teamsters,who foresawthe pipeline. Byron D. Benson was an imag- rush '' of 1859 that paralleled the gold rush of 1849. They carved towns and finers might be broken by unreasonable imminent lossof their jobs. By repeatedly inative planner who dared to visualize a cities from the tangled forest. They railroad transportation rates. The rates smashing Van Syckle's pipes and pumps, pipeline first mounting the high Alle- brought forth the earth's viscousblack for the independentswere set by a the teamsters quickly succeeded in gheny Mountains and then sloping east treasure. They helped to catapult the private compact between Standard Oil driving him out of business,but pipe had hard acrossrugged terrain toward the nation and the world into a new tech and the railroads. By that agreement, already demonstrated its potential. The Atlantic Ocean. Robert E. Hopkins, an the giantoil companymoved its own next oilman to use it simply hired Pink- engineer, had the skill to make the dream nological era. It would not have been product twice the distancefor about ertondetectives to put a stopto the m;terialize. Their colleague, David possible for them to forecast the degree sabotage. As a consequence, some 400 to which societywould come to rely upon half the price paid by its competitors, McKelvy, was an attorney whose task and then received secret rebates not only teamsters were forced to emigrate from was to out-maneuver the great Standard this strange primordial substance whose the region or to seeka different kind of Oil Company- These men could not have previous significance had been, at worst. on its own freight, but also on that as a befouler of local water sourcesor, shipped by the others paying the higher job. been much encouraged by any of the at the other extreme.as a bottledand rates. If somehow the rail rates failed to previous attempts The Seaboard had not bruise. there were similar methods From that point on, it was con- been the only failure. Benson, Hopkins patented cure for nearly every imaginable ceivable that pipe could someday carry and McKelvy themselveshad already met physical ailment. calculated to induce bankruptcy. And as a final resort, Standard could always oil over much longer distances.Already defeat with the Columbia Conduit Line, Many of those who had driven wells choose to undersell the independent re a few schemerswere beginning to think at that time the longest in existence. in the springof 1860had becomerich fined oil wherever it was sold. For up to of a pipelineextending all the wayto Althoughits ownersat first did not 20 21 realize the problem, the pipeline had Oil's new right-of-way. It was only a few But the only difficulty they encountered In his private New York office. been doomed nearly from the beginning feet of very ordinary looking earth, but it was within the pipes themselves,where John D. Rockefeller had been aware of some carelessworkman had sealed in upon being refused a right-of way be- might as well have been a fortress wall. the pipeline plans. He had been amused neath a railroad that lay acrossits path. There appearedto be no way of crossing some pebbles and leaves. at first, but following the success of the For a while, the enterprising Columbia to the other side. Then, just northwest line he quickly perceived it as a threat, men hand-carted the oil across the of Williamsport,and only a short dis- Oil flowedinto the receivingtanks though perhaps a remote one, as his tracks to the open pipe at the other end. tance from the desired route, a title at Williamsport on the night of June 4, sardonic observation reveals: ''There are, searcher hired by Tidewater discovered a 1879, exactly a week after Benson had he is recorded as saying, ''new develop- But when the railroad counteredby park- turned the valves. The Williamsport ing a long string of empty cars over the gap in Standard's blockade. It was a ments in reference to the Tidewater ? Daily Gazette and Bullqlj!] reported that crossing, Columbia had to acknowledge strip of unclaimed land sixteen feet wide l comingup from time to time, and we defeat iiii iii had beenheard pushing the air are workinghard to take care of the running down a creek bed between two ahead of it two or three days prior to farms. The landowners owned only to the its arrival. Within about two weeks,some interestswe represent,and are not dis Benson and his partners began their banks of the stream. Tidewater quickly couraged but hope that in some way there work on their new line somewhatin 50,000 barrels had been shipped to will be left for us something of value acquired a patent for the strip, and with Williamsport. On Thomas' Hill in that auspiciously by purchasing the bankrupt little more trouble (except at Williams- in the businesswe have worked so hard Seaboard Pipeline Company for port, wherea pipe wasripped up from town were two great storage tanks with a to build up." in truth, both Rockefeller its crossing under a railroad), Benson combined capacity of 60,000 barrels of and the railroad presidents could easily $125,000. Almost immediately they rec- crude oil. The Reading Railroad had foreseethe declineof the rails as the ognized their mistake and decided to succeeded in completing the line over a built a half-milesiding so that its cars abandon the nearly completed right-of- 109-mileroute through some of the could be loadedin minutesrather than prime carrier of crude oil. They had way between Butler and Baltimore. They roughest country in the Northeast. gone into action quickly. The Pennsyl- foresaw that recent developments in the hours. It alreadyhad acquireda fleet ;ada Railroad, and most of the other oil fields promised a greater potential It truly wasan incrediblefeat. The of 200 new tankers.Just 19 days after large lines, had enteredinto a pact at the first oil arrived, the initial shipment Saratoga, N. Y., on June 4, 1879, the for a shorterroute running from the pipeline was more than three times longer of 3500 barrels went to Bayonne, New more productive wells near Bradford and than any of its predecessors.The pipe very day that the Tidewateroil first Jersey. Most of the shipments thereafter flowed into Williamsport. The railroads on to Williamsport, Pa. In that city, the itself was six inches in diameter, making wouldgo to an independentrefinery at pipeline could arrange a connection with it the largest to be used for shipping Chester, Pa., or on to another one at determined to ruin Tidewater by lowering the Reading Railroad, whose president. oil up to that time. It wasthe first line freight rates for the Standard Oil Com- to cross a river and the first to scale a Communipaw,N. Y. Someof the oil pany to a level below what Standard Franklin B. Gowan, openly welcomed the would stay right in Williamsport to be prospect of sharing in the lucrative oil mountain. It had been begunin the dead would be chargedto ship by the pipeline of winter, and now, barely 90 days later, processed by the newly incorporated Up to now the openrate for all but traffic that until now had passedhim Solar Refining Company there. by. To further the venture, the Reading on the afternoon of Saturday, May 28, Standard Oil ranged from $1.25 to $1.40 Railroad investeda quarter of a million 1879. Chairman Benson turned the valves These shipments by the Tidewater per barrel on the various lines; Standard's dollars in the project and, further, that openedoil into the pumps, through Pipeline Company and the Reading Rail- rate had been 85 cents per barrel. At promisedreasonable rates to the oil the pipes,and up the westernface of the road quickly made deep cuts into the the Saratoga meeting, the railroads producersin an effort to draw their Alleghenieson its way to the sea.At the revenuesof the largerrailroads, and lowered Standard's charges to 20, fifteen. support to the new pipeline system. With highest point along the route, pumps notably the Pennsylvania and Erie. and even ten cents a barrel-- a quarter some $625,000 in capital behind it, the lifted the oil 1200 feet, over ranges that Whereas the cost to the railroads to haul of the actual cost to the railroads them- Tidewater Pipeline Company became a were nearly 2600 feet above sea level. one barrel of oil wasfrom 35 to 40 cents, selves,and a mere twelfth of the price corporation at Titusville on November Although the trip from the summit to the pipeline's costswere but 16-y3 cents. charged to the other shippers. But even 13. 1878. with Benson as chairman of the Williamsport represented an overall de In the first year of its existence, Tide- these special rates offered by the railroads board and Hopkinsas presidentand cline of more than 2000 feet, there were water carried 1,098,000barrels from the did not blind Standard Oil's executive treasurer placeswhere the oil had to flow over oil regions to Williamsport. to the fact that pipelines were the trend very uneven topography without the aid of the future.with little regardfor his The talentsand efforts on behalf of pumps. One of these was just outside In that first year, too, Tidewater allies, Rockefeller promptly began his of the new corporation were matched Williamsport, where the oil pushed up an learned more than anticipated about the own pipeline. only by the talentsand effortsof its incline of 1100 feet in three quarters of principles of metal expansion.Where they a mile Standard entered the transportation opposition. Standard Oil, of course, was \ crossedcultivated land the pipes had not determined that no pipeline should get been buried. ''With summer heat the venture with clear advantages. The allott- through to the independent refineries on But the Tidewater men were more line writhed like a huge python, now ed capital for its pipeline was $5,000,000; the coast. Accordingly, Rockefeller's concerned with trouble from Standard climbingto the tops of bushes,now Tidewater's had been an eighth of that. agents had quietly purchased a thin chan with trouble from Nature. To fore- smashingdown small trees, now coiling Standard laid its pipe west [o Cleveland, strip of land running north and south stall any incidents, they postedeight or across the roadways," records historian and over easier terrain, so that the cost through the Keystone State. Tidewater. ten watchmenalong the pipeline rout©. Allan Nevins.Burying the pipe elimin of placing its pipe wasonly a nickel per meanwhile, had begun constructing its A telegraphline had beeninstalled with aced that problem, but new crises loom foot, as compared with Tidewater's cost line from west to east. In due time, the the pipe, enabling watchmen to give the ing on the horizon would not be buried of about a dollar per foot. By January Titusville men encountered Standard alarm promptly in case of problems so easily. 1880 Rockefellerwas delivering l0,000 22 23 barrels a day through his Cleveland lines. they (the Tidewater people) cannot be that end was secure,the agent in of Tidewater, within just a few years, and was already constructing another line stoppedsome way and soon, they will give Williamsport dropped his order. Solar, pipe had turned more than three-quarters from the oil fields to JerseyShore, Pa., us trouble ''. The president of Standard with no morecustomers, sold out to of the crudeoil cargoaway from the where a connection with the Pennsylvania Oil had been skeptical then, but he soon Standard Oil, leaving Tidewater even railroads. The Tidewater Pipeline Com Railroadlay just ll miles west of had recognizedthe potential of shipping more vulnerable pany, in so actively resisting Standard's Williamsportand the terminusof the oil through pipelinesand built his own domination, had affected a revolution in Tidewater Pipeline. system. Now he decided on more direct For a time, the men of the Tidewater oil transportation which was to have far- measures Pipeline Company refused to admit reaching future results. And, for at least In general, 1880 was a troubled defeat. Byron Bensonwent to Europe in a short time, it had been instrumental year for the oil business. Prices for crude Standard had become a trust by this an attempt to open new markets. The in averting what could have been the continuedto fall. The markethad been time (the nation's Horst), and its power company sponsorednew refineries, built world 's first "oil crisis glutted because producers continued to prompted it to ferret out competition in new additions to its pipeline, borrowed drill more and more wells beyondthe all areasof its endeavor,including oil money,speculated in oil, and did all it demandsof the refinersand the con. transportation. As a start, Rockefeller could to keep the businessalive. But sumers. And even Nature refused to slack offered to buy Byron Benson'scontrolling Standard could afford to be patient, and off; old wellsbegan spouting forth more interest for the nominal figure of in the end it triumphed. strongly than ever. Since there were $300,000 but was flatly refused. He then BIBLIOGRAPHICNOTE hardly enough barrels to hold the oil, the attemptedto buy the oil carried by the In 1883 the directors of Tidewater petroleum sometimesflowed onto the pipes, but that effort also failed. Stand- Pipeline Company sold one third of their A good account oJ the TfdewateT- ground. In fact, every wooden barrel was ard stalled for time, meanwhile hamper- stock to StandardOil, giving them StandaTd struggle ma) be found {n Allan now worth about twice as much as the ing the Tidewater Company by keeping practical, if not technical, control of the Neldns' Stud\ {n Power: Torn 1). Rocke- oilit containedl tank car builders so busy with Standard firm. Immediately following the merger, g!!f! (ScvibneTS, 1953; esPeciaLI) uol. I, ordersthat they could not take Tide- a signed agreementdivided the eastern ch. 19), and Ida M. TaTbett's classic ttoo In the sameyear, the Reading Rail- water's business.During this interval, oil business between the two parties, uotume HistoTN of the Standard O£t road had internal troubles which led to its Rockefeller expanded his own pipelines. Standard taking 88.5 percent, and Tide Compaq). (MacmfLhn, 1937; OTfg. pull. going temporarily into receivership. Thus, made more money, and then returned to water the remaining 11.5 percent. The i9a4) has much to oJJeT as xoell. Robert Tidewater Pipeline lost its ally and its the duel. This time he tried to cut off outcomewas of benefit to both. For its D. Benson's Pamphlet, Histov'y of the seaboard connection for the duration, Tidewater's crude oil supply at the wells part, Tidewater now had an almost [i4 pg! mgmt'antes P-fu. +"'int.), .l- and at great expensehad to push its by contractingdirectly with the pro- guaranteedamount of trade, with ready Lhough useful, is geneTall) unavailable pipes on to Tamanend in eastern Pennsyl- ducers.But most of them remainedloyal customersand unlimited capital. Under FoT bachgvound on the role oj the rail- vania and eventually into New Jersey. to Tidewater. Standard now began this agreement, in 1888, the Tidewater roads, see Martin W. SchLegeL'sBll eT a Back in Williamsport, Tidewater was rumors about its opponent'scredit; but Pipeline Company became the Tidewater Lhe Reading; FTaBblin B. Goloan (AT- running out of storagefacilities for the the panic they hoped to inspire ended in Oil Company,and absorbedthe Ocean, chiues Publkhfng, 1947) and Albert Z. oil its pipeshad conveyedfrom the fields, a flutter when Tidewater proved its sol- Polar, Lombard and Ayres oil companies. Cctv's Torn D. RochefeLteT:sSectel Webb: so the companyconsidered refusing a vency in a carefully publicized court case. Of course, Standard also profited by the gn, (Mcgraw-Hilt, 1962). Photographs of percentage of oil unless producers erected In desperation the Rockefeller forces arrangement. Not only did it now tech- turned to their slow-but-suremethod of the eats) ofl indy.stv) {n Perms)luanda, some temporary storage tanks for them- nically have grounds for denying that it including some vetatfng to Tfdewatev, aTe selvesat their wells.In addition,the destroying the independent refineries held the monopoly on oil, but because Lo be seen in Pant H. Giddens'batt companynow was obliged to use the served by Tidewater. it actually did have the monopoly, Da'ws of Oil (Princeton UniueTsit), 1948). Pennsylvania Railroad for its inland Standard could increase prices even while NetosPaPer accounts of the Tfdewatev deliveries, and found that it was charged One of these firms was the Solar saving money that would have been spent I)it)dine in WillfamsPovt, Pa. , at)peat on rates that were three times higher than Refining Company at Williamsport, the in combating competitors. The consumer LhefTOnt page ojthat cites Daft) Gazette those now paid by the Standard Oil main terminusof the Tidewaterline was perhaps the only one who did not znd Bulletin joT Ma) 31 and June 4, Company. What is more, they had to pay Rockefeller sent an undercover agent to benefit directly from these developments. 1879 the same rate for bringing in the empty Williamsport to arrange [o buy 250 Predictably, the margin between the cost cars that would take away the oil. barrelsa day from the refinery,which of crudeoil and the retail price of had been selling most of its product in refined oil began to increase after 1883. By 1883 the overall situation had Baltimore. Since its output was scarcely \ Even though Standard had eliminated deteriorated a bit further. but Tidewater more than the 250 barrelsa day that costly competition, that economy did not 6:CS.(3...£:;B 6&C9..233 C:C>KC}..:£}3e was still in existence. Then. later that the agent had contracted for, Solar could find its way to the consumer. year, the Pennsylvania legislature passed no langer supply its Baltimore customers. a free-pipe bill, promising more compe Another Standard Oil Company employee Undeniably, some long-term benefits tition for Tidewater and for Standard in Baltimore now made his move, pledg- did arisefrom the episode.As a result as well. The emnity between these two ing the dealersthere to do businessin of the competition, nearly 4000 miles of rivals had grown acutely. At one point, the future only with the Baltimore United pipe connected with 20,000 Bradford a Rockefeller agent had wired that "if Oil Company, a Standard firm. Once oil wellsalone by 1884.Following the lead 24 25

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2 d > 'a N b The exceedingly strong web of the demand at that time. It took a skilled THISANDTHATABOUTTHREAD spider was once used in lace making linen thread worker ten months, working but craftsmen found it too difHcult to fifteen hours daily to complete a pair of By handle,and the work too tediousfor men's lace sleeveruffles. Eua Bevy) Stellar (1890- 1974) profit . Yarn spun from white wool of lambs Efforts were made in Virginia to in Colonial times was knit into baby caps, raise cotton as a staple crop as early as saques, women's fascinators and bonnets. Sugar and Spice", we all know what in gold. Often gold and silver threads were mixed with silk for trimmings. Only 1621. A form of spinning wheel was The coarseyarns dyed and spun from little girls "are made of ', but from what known to have been used for the spinning older sheep were knit into stockings, was l;be made that trimmed every petti- the emperor and members of nobility of cotton thread from time immemorial were permitted to wear it. mittens and lace for flannel petticoats. coat, pantie, apron, sleeve,.collar and in certain parts of Asia. Some homespun pieces of wool had a six- ruffle 'that little girls used to wear? inch width knit lace. Cotton, of courses Later when lace was made by machine many lovely silk black and blond In 1519 cotton garments were pre- laces were manufactured sented to Cortez by the natives of Yuc- In France. after the introduction of Many of us can rememberthe atan. Efforts were made in Virginia to lace-making machinery in 1818, the his- mother of dozen or more children, (some- raise cotton as a staple crop in 1621, but tory of old lace ceases and we have times less) who never sat down to breast- Some lace-makers were expert crafts men with human hair. This fine-point the cultivation really began in 1770. One modern lace made of cotton, silk, linen feed a baby without first taking. her of the 6lrst consignments of cotton to a and the synthetic threads. Lace is one knitting-needles or crochet:hook to keep lace was generally made by elderly.Women using their own silvery-white hair. Human merchant in England was seized and lay trimming that never vulgarizesthe adding to the piece of .lace she. had unsold for a long time becausethread peasant or the lady. started. In 1870, 'a spool of cotton thread hair lace was costly due to its rarity, cost60 to 80 cents. which brought high prices from .the spinnersthought that cotton could not be aristocracy. A cravat of silvery-white hair profitably spun into fine enough thread (Thk a,t£cle was contributed h hbc£tla From the dawn of civilized history, was worn by Louis XVI at his coronation. to take the place of the linen thread in Bfevman and lovitten b) hev mother) flax thread was used in making decor' ations for grave clothes. At one time, the hair of the van- quished was made into fringes and orn- The pure color of unbleachedflax is amental braids with which the conquering the natur;l color seenin old lace. barbarians decorated their garments.

At one time a pound of flax thread At one time, large hairy caterpillars was so costly that the lace-maker.was not allowed ta ' wear lace made from it were used in Germany to make fine lace of superb daintiness. This light-weight C:CX.(D...a33 6:a>.E)...£33 6CX.€>...a33 a (by decree) lace produced by the caterpillar was In Brussels,at thebeginning of the extra-ordinary. Twentieth Century, a pound of the finest hand-spun threaii cast more than a A food paste was thinly spread upon thousand dollars. This exquisite thread a flat stoneover which a lace designwas was so fine, the spinner could barely see traced. All parts of the design was blotted it. She depended on the 'feel ' of the out with oil. Then the caterpillarwas thread as it passedthrough her fin$ersl placed on the bottom of the upright A lace-makerhad to p;oducea hal! stone. There, he went to work eating his pound of lace for every pound of thread way to the top of the stone, avoiding supplied [o her. any part touchledby oil. As he went The silkworm has been pampered for along, he spun a strong web connecting parts of the lace design. Though the lace five thousand years, and no wonder, when a half mile of milkenthread can be un- web was strong and beautiful it never woundfrom the cocoonof the silkworm, became anything more than an experi- which takes three days and nights to wrap ment for lace making. around himself. In Rome,at the beginningof the A similar lace made of the finest Christian Era, silk that 'was imported flax thread was a hundred times heavier from the Eastwas really worth its weight than the lace spun by the caterpillar. 29

FIRSTLOCALTELEPHONEEXCHANGE WILLIAMSPORT TELEPHONE EXCHANGE Started {n 1879 b) HfTam R. Rhoads Call B) Numbers, Not Names. Hiram R. Rhoads, president of the of the organizersof the RossClub, and is vice-president of that institution. .He A 1613 Brown, Clark & Howe Williamsport Passenger '.Railway ,Com- Central Pennsylvania is prominent in Masonic circles, and is 1683 Acme Oil Co. 1354 Brown, Dr. Jean Saylor a memberof the lodge, chapter,and 773 Adams. Dr. C. M. 132 Brownell. Charles E. . Res g%.#,£ Supply . Company, was 1473 Brownell, H. S. commandery. In 1868 he was married to 1453 Adams Express Co., Pine Mary E., daughter of Alfred Howell, of Street 13 Bubb, George & Sons Williamsport,and has a family of four 1454 864 Bubb, George, Res. Adams Express Co., Penn'a 533 children:' Mary H.; Florence O.; Edith Depot Bubb, Harry C., Res. R.. and Phoebe E. The family are 1023 Bubb. Nathaniel B. . Res. 902 Ade, W. F., Jr. members of Pine Street Methodist 2923 2324 Buck,Jno. W., Res. il=':=:.;qn::Q',;;;;:=::.n Allen & Reading 3444 Budd. E. W. Episcopal church. Mr. Rhoads has been 3243 Allen, R. P. . Res. 2033 :.=:1::=:2.=':f'i:; T£.p quite successful in the various business 1662 Allen, Riley W., Res. Burrell, Dr. .Jas. L. A :m"E 2002 Byers, Nelson, Res. sylvania Railroad Company with .which enterprises he has been associated with, 2293 American Express Co. and is recognizedas one of the foremost 1864 Andrus. 1). S. & Co. C operators in electric circles in this section 904 Applegate,Wm. E. & Co. of the State. He has been largely instru- 1064 1883 Caldwell, Miss Anna E. . Res :H::18:::X.\g:= Arthur, John 113 mental in the founding, progress,and 1592 Campbell, Dr. Eugene B. pany for 'central Pennsylvania, . and Artley, A. A. Res opened the second .t:lephone exchange development of several of the electric 1594 Askey's Livery enterprises in Williamsport and. vicinity: 3024 Athletic Park 112 Campbell, Dr. Eugene B., in the State in Williamsport, May 1, and is a gentlemanof'broad viewsand Office 2562 commendable public spirit. B Campbell, H. J. & Co. :::£;.Fi£',£: E;:..y:#.£K,== 1304 Candor, Addison, Res 1193 Bailey,John W. 1783 Candor & Munson 272 Bailey,R. M., Office 272 CENTR'L PENN'A TELE- 1702 Bailey, R. M., Res. PHONE & SUPPLY 3372 Baker, E. H. & Co. CO. .General Office 2924 Baker, Dr. L. G. 522 Chaapel, Harry. Market Street 1644 Baldwin Bros. 523 Chaapel, Harry, W. , Fourth 463 Baldwin, E. M. St 1773 Barnes,C., Jr. 2493 Chambers, Megahan & Reed 1953 Bates, E. M. 884 Cheyney, Dr. Howard 2203 Baum & Ulman 623 Chief Operator Telephone 2152 Beck Brothers & Co. Exch'ge 2084 Beeber, J. A., Office 223 City Bakery 2684 Beeber,J. A. Res. 2354 City Controller's Office 2312 Beede, Alex. & Co. 1764 City Recorder's Office 304 Bentley & Smith 3382 Clark. T. S. . Res 993 Betzel. Albert 1343 Clinefelter, M. E. 3113 Bly, David, Res. 2252 Clinger, H. J 213 Bough, E. , Res. 2584 Cloudsley, J. B., Res. 1853 Boush,S. M., Office 1403 Cochran, J. Henry, Res. 1273 Blush. S. M. Res. 1892 Cochran, Payne& Mccormick 2454 Bough,J. P. 3072 Coder, J. Fred, Res 2574 Bower, Peter B. 1832 Coleman. F 2683 Bowman,B. C., Res. 723 Coleman, John 1133 Bowman, Foresman & Co. 585 Coleman, Dr. Margaret G 2804 Boyer & Co. 2753 Collins. Emerson 2803 Boyer, J. H., Res. 784 Commissioners' Office 1054 Breakfast Table, The 192 Connelly, Dr. J. P 1444 Bridgland, Geo., & Son 2343 Corcoran Lumber Co. 794 Bright, J. C. & Co., Office 1974 Cornell. E. A. . Res. 793 Bright, J. C. & Co., Refinery 2753 Coryell & Collins 1653 Brown, J. V., Res. 1593 Coryell Flint Paper Co. +The above paragraphs were extracted /rom fhe PennsTZ- [email protected]'.dzt 8y/ohn F. Megznness. 31

Elliot & Loomis 1733 2753 Coryell, James B., Office 1423 Goldenberg,H. S. & H. N 843 143 Elliot, W. G. , Res. 1994 Gartner, A. W. Coryell, James B., Res. 3102 Embick. F. E. , Res. 1013 Independent Oil Co 833 Coryell, John B., Res Graff, Geo. E. . Res. 1223 3362 S Emery Bros. 2535 Greeley,Dr. Fred I) Courtenay, A Montours J 494 Crandell, D. E. 663 Emery, J. B. & Co 2474 Grit Publishing Company ville Mill 3092 2513 Crocker, W. D. , Res. Guise, D. P. James, Charles 1., Res. Office 813 613 Crockerroc H A 1223 Emery, J. B. & Co. . Jenkins, H. W. & Co. 2073 1314 1224 Emery, J. B., Res. Jenks, Rhoads & Co., Limited droll, GeorgeW H 2535 1312 Crounse& Cohick 503 Emery, Wm., Office Joerg,Dr. E. S. C. 672 Res. 1152 1435 Crouse G L Emery, Wm., 2552 Haag, Dr. John P., Office Jobson, Samuel 2713 Culver, E 1644 Enterprise Coal Yard 3022 &Son Haag, S. G. K 2543 183 Erieg,John G. 1152 Cunningham's Livery Ertel Bros. Hack Stand, Samuel Jobson 2763 Curtin, '1' 2754 1154 Hack Stand, William Roberts 1993 Kast .T E 1194 Erdman, H. H.. , Res. 1153 Hack Stand, William Williams 2665 2574 Kavanaugh, D., Res. D European Hotel 2722 Hagan, Mrs. M. A. 2262 Keeler E. Co. 725 Evenden Bros. 1173 203 Keller. Dr. D M 2094 Daveler's Restaurant 2993 Hagerman's Livery Express, People's Express & 3263 1793 Keller, F. H. & Co. 765 Davidge & Co. Transfer Co. Hays, .jno. K., Res. e 1203 1502 1902 Dayton, J. E. & Co Retail 1283 Excelsior Co. Limited Hays,John K., Office Kelly's Hotel Whole Mill , 2704 Harder, Geo. W. 2074 1903 Dayton, J. E. & Co., Kelsey,O. S. sale F 1952 Harinton. This. L. 2184 Kettle CreekCoal Mining Co 313 1244 & Co Harrison, W. M. , Res 1503 Keystone Bottling Works Dean, .John M. 854 Fessler, D. 2523 133 2384 Dean W F' Hart Brothers, Factory Keystone Carpet Cleaner 3003 Fisher, Hinkle & Co. 2453 Hart Brothers,Store 2824 2634 Deemed. Elias, Res. 463 Fifth Avenue Coal Yard Keystone Furniture Co. 2614 Hazelet, John R. 2374 Kilbourn. W. H. 3173 Deemer, E. & Co., Upper 2162 First National Bank Office 2514 Hedden, John F., Res. 3123 King, A. W 1560 First PresbyterianChurch 933 1385 Deemer, E. & Co., Lower Heilman, A. H. & Co 1362 Kitzmiller, E. S. , Res Office 1243 Fisk. Krimm & Co. 22.5 Heilman, A. H. & Co. , Mon. 1642 Kline Bros. Furniture Co 383 Flock, Jacob, Mrs 2142 Kline & Co. 3132 Demorest Sewing Machine Co &w B toursville Factory 714 Foresman, A. P 1474 rleller Brothers 263 Klump, Dr. JohnA 1093 Delmonico, The 1762 Foresman, D. R 1764 Denworth, J B 394 Henry House 1544 Klump & Hertz 1752 Foresman, Jas. S., Store 2023 1223 1414 Derrah, A. H. , Manager Hepburn House Knapp, A. D. & Co. 2654 Foresman, Mrs. R. M.., Res 145 1992 173 Dorr's Livery Hermance, A. D. . Res. Knickerbocker's Livery ri., Office 1553 Foresman, S. T., Res. 2782 Hess. G 1484 Koons. P L 3012 Detwiler, Dr 643 Foresman, W. B. H., Res 964 Hibbard, E. J., Manager 1204 Koser. Dr. S. S.. Office 3014 Detwiler. Dr. B 1214 Fredericks,T. T 1163 Dimock. L. W. , Res. 2724 Hicks, Charles E. 314 Koger. Dr. S. S. . Res 853 FW,W.E. 2603 3124 2013 District Attorney's Office Hill, Dr.G.A. Krause, James B 2214 Fulmer, J. H. & Co. 2533 Hill, Justin L. 1345 Distin Henry, Mfg Co 82 Fullmer. C. F. & Co. 2712 Dodd, Charles E. & Co 362 Hin,J. c. 204 Fullmer, Gottlieb 3394 Hill, S. W. & Co. L 2192 Dodge Mills 2122 Funston, Thomas J. & Co. 1924 Holloway, W. B., Bottling 2632 Laedlein, Auguste 433 Drorbaugh, J. E. Works 1972 Duble & Cornell, Fourth & G 1213 Laedlein & Long Pine 2594 Holloway, W. B., Res. 803 Larkins, E. J., Res. 1975 Duble & Cornell, Branch Store 1174 Gage,S. L. 353 Home for the Friendless 3192 Lawler. C. M. . Office 1973 282 Gamble,John A. & Co. 2743 Hotel Crawford 2962 Lawler. C. M. . Res. Duble, J. B., Res. 504 284 DuFour, Dr. William M. 863 Gamble, John A., Res. Houck, Fred J 2973 Lawson,J. S., Res. 43 Dun.R.G. & Co 1564 Gamble, Mrs. E. B., Res. 2133 Housel. W. W 2322 Lehman Machine Co. 1802 Duncan & Waidley 972 Gazette & Bulletin, Business 634 Houston, Levi. Res. 1054 Lenhart. Geo. S. Office 644 Dunn, Mat. 2862 Howard, & Perley 2903 Lentz, George W., Res 973 Gazette & Bulletin, Editor'l 842 Howard, Wm. , Res. 1923 Levan & Son Room 2062 Huber. Milton 1184 Lewars &. (;o E 1323 German, John, Sup't. 704 Hubbard. Dr. N R 53 Linn & Crocker 94 Edison Electric Illuminating 1264 Gibson, Ira C. 1003 Huff, 1. T., Manager 752 Lloyd LaundryCo. Co. 734 Gibson, Jas. J., Res. 2473 Huffman. W. H. C. 753 Lloyd, Wm. Q.., Res. 384 Edler. Daniel 653 Gilmore, W. C. 554 Hull. Dr. W. R 2383 Logan, Dr. W. F. 1485 EDLER, JOSEPH 3213 Gohl& King Hunt.Dr.C. D 2663 Long, John G., Res.

'x. 1162 Long, W. A & Co., Limited 2573 Miller. Chas. E. 1722 Penn'a R. R. Co. . Fourth 413 Rhoads, F. D. , Res. 1344 Lord,A. & Co. 2693 Miller, Fred. R. , Blank Book Street Ticket Office 272 Rhoads. H. R. , Office 493 G Co. 243 Penn'a R. R. Depot, Market 233 Rhoads, HI. R. . Res. Lowry,T 3004 1223 Loyalsock Lumber Co. Millspaugh Bros. St 512 Rich,Dr.T.C 762 Lumberman's Exchange 2644 Millspaugh, John, Res. 251 & E R R. Div. , SuP't's 703 Richards, Dr. F J 693 2613 Mingle, S. Q., Store Office 2792 Rissel's Livery Lumley, Dr. Edward D. 2612 E. R. 2103 Lundy, A. D. & Co., Mingle, S. Q., Res. 1082 Fr't Depot 464 Robert's Livery Insurance 572 Mitchell, Young & Co. oliver. Agt 1154 Roberts, Wm. , Hack Stand 2105 Lundy, A. D. & Co., Store 1494 Moltz, Jacob J. 1813 & E. R R. Fr't Depot. 1924 Rochester Brewing Co. 1384 Ware Rooms 1843 Lundy, Thomas, Office Moltz, Jerome 552 Rockey, W. B., Res. 2764 Moore & Co. 1463 Lundy, Thomas, Res. Note-When inquiring 1542 Rorher & Houser 2825 Luppert, Valentine 1093 Moyer, L. J. about receipt of Freight 1422 Rowley & Hermance 3214 Muir & Scott 2912 Ly£18ming Electric Co. , Station please ask for No. 1813 412 Rowley, E. A., Res 272 Lycoming Electric Co., Office 1303 Munson, C. La Rue, Res. 953 P & E. R. R. Dispatcher's 2583 Russel,J. C., Res. 784 Lycoming County 1943 Munson, Edgar Office 1603 Ryan, John R. T. Commissioners 2443 Munson. R. H. , Res. 473 r & E. R. R. Gen'l Freight 1543 Ryan, Michael C. 564 Mussina, Chas. C Office . 783 Lycoming County Prison S 1183 Lycoming National Bank W. E. Frazer, Gen'l Ag't 1573 952 &E. R. R. N. C. Junction 3035 Sallada's Livery Lycoming Rubber Co. N 442 Lyon, Dr. Edward 2392 P & E. R. R. Ticket Office 293 Sanderson, George L Res. 2633 National Furniture Co. , J. B Pool, Ag't 2843 5avlngslnstitution M Limited 251 P &E. R. R. Trainmaster's 64 Scheffel, Charles, Res. Office 3323 Scheliha, Dr. P. W. Von. 2332 MacGill & Welteroth, Washt'n 1483 National Planing Mill Co St. 1423 National Paint Works 954 P. & E. & N. C. Round House 2823 Schneider. Dr MacGill & Welteroth, W. 4th 2583 National Transit Co. 3192 P. & R. R. R., Sup't's Office 2413 Schneider. Dr. Louis 2812 2093 School Bros. St. 2404 Neyhart, A. B. & Co. P. & R. R. R. Freight Depot Noble & Son 374 Schrade, Mrs. lvy E., Res 3342 Mackey & Tallman 1144 J. Fred. Coder, Ag't 193 Nutt, Dr. G. D. , Office 34 POLICEHEADQUARTERS 2534 Schweiker, Fred'k D 184 Mahaffey, A. C. & Bro. 1280 Police Patrol 1374 Seitz Bros. 2244 194 Nutt, Dr. G. D., Res. Mahaffey, D. S., Farm 394 S 1524 743 Post, G Senn, Dr. John Mahaffey, D. S., Res. 21 o4 Post Office 343 Shadle. H. S. & Co. 2653 0 Mahaffey, D. T., Res 913 Pitt. Charles R 1633 Shaw, N. , Res. 2664 Mankey Decorative Co. 122 Otto's, John A., Sons 134 1383 Shaw.N.& Co. 1254 Prior. W. R. . Res. Mansel, James 3064 1445 Shaw. P. B. . Res. 243 Public Building Market St. Depot P 812 14 2864 MARRIOTT.C.B. Purdy & Green Shopbell, Gamble & Co. 2883 Putnam & Crockett 544 bhuler, A W 1063 1604 Page, E. A. & Bro Maynard's Guy W., Sons 63 blue &. Sons 2354 1605 Page, H. Mudge, Res. Mayor's Office 2463 Sisson. Dr F M 3442 Mccallum & Cline 664 Pardee. A. . Montoursville Mill Q 1343 2344 SilvermannBro's & Co. 1912 Mccormick, H. C. & S T Park Bakery 252 Chas. A. . Res 303 Park.tlotel Q«iggle 804 Silvermann. Wm. , Res. 1982 Mccormick & Herdic 1043 Q-igley A. J., Agent Mccormick, Dr. H. G. 812 Park Planing Mill 152 Slate's George, Sons 1324 154 Slate. H. A. . Res. Mccormick, H. C., Res. 1212 Parsons,H. C. , Office 1913 R 2884 1914 Mccormick, S. T., Res. 3294 Parsons,H. C. , Res. Smith, Harry K. & Couo. 373 Ransom. M. C. & Son 2303 Solomon. H. A 214 Mccormick, Mrs. Ellen 1893 Payne, Cochran & Co. 983 3063 Ray, George E. 1003 604 Mcdonald, Hugh, Res. Payne, E. R., Res. South Side Refining Co 2993 People's Express and Transfer 3253 Reading,John G., Jr., Res. City Office 1884 Mcminn, J. H. 2313 9nK9 1493 Co. Reardon, J. J. South Side Refining Co Melick, J. S. & Co. 54 3492 Mercer & Books 3342 Penn Mutual Life Ins. Co. Reighard, Oliver H., Office So. Williamsport Factory 1563 1753 2802 Merchants National Bank 2474 Penn'a Grit Reighard, Oliver H., Res. Souter,Jno. Lumber & Land 2013 (;has 3164 erc a S 2192 Penn'aJoint Reilly 1844 Merchants Printing House 114 1872 964 2942 133 1844 1293 602 2483 452 1253 2953 783 1516 34 35

3163 Star Dairy W 1962 Williamsport Furniture Co., LINDEN Office 943 Stearns, L. L. & Son 344 Wagner,A. S., PineStreet 3183 Seitzer, E. H. Office 1963 Williamsport Furniture Co. Stephens, W. M. 3185 Lynch, Jas. A., Res 683 Sticker, Dr. Jacob 3064 Wagner, A. S., Public 2593 Stiltz, D. R. Res. Building 2623 Williamsport Gas Co. MONTOURSVILLE 542 Stonesifer, J. G. 2064 W asker. Dr. (J. q.J. 2563 Williamsport Hardware and 663 543 Stopper, Lawrence D. Stove Co. , Limited Emery, J. B. & Co. 2674 Walker, R. J. C., Office 1515 3172 Strong, Deemer & Co., Lt'd. 1113 1164 Williamsport Hospital Hays, Pidcoe & Co. Walker, R. J. C., Res. 2245 Maynard Mill 354 Waltz. G.. Res. 2822 Williamsport Iron & Nail Heilman. A. H. & Co. 2244/4 3173 Strong, Deemer & Co., Lt'd, 2733 Waltz. William H. Works Matlack, George S. & Co Office 1123 Williamsport Kindling Wood 2244 Mahaffey, D. S., Farm 2983 Waltz & Hoyer 1517 162 Steumpfle, D., Main Office 1554 Co. , Limited MEYER, L. 1. & Co. Way, J. Roman, Res. 664 Pardee, A. 163 Stuempfle, D., Academy St. 1433 Weed & Allen 3004 Williamsport Machine Co., Lt'd 2242 2984 Stuempfle, D., West Fourth 75 WEED F. T. & CO., Druggists P. & R. R. R., Depot St 74 Weed, F. T. 1523 Williamsport Milk Depot 1516 Peters,John 2244/4 Stone Crusher i874 Stutzman & Katzmaier 2272 Weed. F. R. & Co. 1032 Williamsport National Bank 1514 1292 Suess,J. Paul 2893 Weed. M. B. , Res. 1683 Williamsport Oil Co Weaver's Livery 1073 1513 Weaver,S. & Co. 2673 Susq. Trust & Safe Deposit 2134 Weigle, D. H. Williamsport PlaningMill Co Co. 574 Williamsport Steam Co. 423 Weis & Hall NEWBERRY 1122 Sweet,A. W. 3274 W. & N. B. R. R. Of6lce WILLIAMSPORT TELE 1822 Sun. The 84 Wenner. Tohn PHONEEXCHANGE 3153 Bell, Dr. G. F. 483 Susquehanna Boom Co. 762 West Branch Lumberman's 2273 Williamsport Water Co., 1692 Bussler, R H Office Exchange 2175 Crawford & Courson 1622 West Branch National Bank 2865 Williamsport Water Co. , 2192 Dodge Mills T 1712 Westfall, E. B. , Office Pump Station 874 Funston & Snyder 1713 Westfall. E. B. . Res. 2853 Williamsport Wire Rope Co. 2173 Good, A. 3284 Tallman, Mrs. Louisa, Res. 1672 2933 Willits. Dr. Wm. 1234 Western I.Jnion Telegraph Co. 722 Good, J. 104 Thobro, Henry 1104 White. Lentz & White Wilson. Albert. Res. 3165 2373 Knight,John 1363 Thomas, James 1393 Winner. Hiram 2172 Mosser, J. K. & Co White, Mrs. John 2344 2283 Thompson, Gibson & Co. 1583 White. Mrs. Martha C., Res. Wire Buckle Suspender Co. 1693 Nicely, G. W., Res 23 Tide 'WaterPipe Co., Limited Wilcox R B 594 Wolf, Peter 2174 P. & E. R. R. Depot 892 Tinsman. Garret D., Res. 1323 Wildwood CemeteryCo. 1603 Woolverton & Tinsman 3163 2223 Star Dairy 3302 Tinsman, Mrs. Margaret, Res. 272 Wilkinson, J. E., Office Wurster, L. & Co. 1603 Tinsman & Ryan 1742 Wilkinson, J. E., Res. 822 Wyckoff Pipe Co NEWBERRY JUNCTION 1364 Tomlinson, Dr., Livery 3264 1132 Williams & Foresman Wyckoff, F. T., Res. 1694 Fall Brook Coal Co. 223 Towner,A.H. 1572 Williams. S. N. , Res. 2813 P. & R. R. R. Co. 2335 Troxell, H. P., Res. 1153 Williams,'William 2772 Y Turner, J. A. PERRYVILLE WILLIAMSPORT FIRE DEPT. 2702 Y.M.C.A. Stiber V. & Co. U Do not call Fire EngineHouses to 1533 Young, .John M., Res. 1235 report fire alarm. Fire Alamo Call is 625. 434 Youngman,Dr. C. W. SOUTH WILLIAMSPORT 2083 Ulman Bros. 434 405 Youngman,S. L. 1932 Ulman's, Moses, Sons Engine Company No. 1 3143 Younkin, Watkins & Evans 2054 Achenbach, G. C 1933 Ulman. Moses, Res. 402 Engine Company No. 2 793 Bright, J. C. & Co., Refinery 2252 Union Insuring Co. 403 Engine Company No. 3 2872 jackson. A. R. 923 United States Express Co. 404 Hose Company No. 4 2824 Keystone Furniture Co. 1464 United States Machine Co 406 EngineCompany No. 5, New DUBOISTOWN 2043 Koch, A. , Bros 694 Updegraff, S. G. berry 2873 Dinehart, Jas. A., Res. 2825 Luppert, Valentine 2023 Updegraff, Daniel 1414 Williamsport BeefCo. 2874 WHEELER, THOMAS 2875 Plankenhorn. D. 224 Williamsport CandyM'fg Co 2823 Schneider, Dr. C 1074 Williamsport Brick Works 2052 V South Side Refining Co 1844 Williamsport Daily Repub- FAIRFIELD 2053 Sweeney,Wm., Postmaster 1384 Variety Iron Works lican 1464 United States Machine Co. 2953 Valley Iron Works 614 Williamsport I)ickinson Sem- 2243 Rawle, Henry 2822 Williamsport Iron & Nail 992 Villinger, H. A. inary 2243 Sherman, Will. T. . Res Works 36 37 MILITARY HISTORY FROM EVERETT RUBENDALL'S ENGLISHCENTRE JERSEY SHORE EXCHANGE WRAK MORNING RADIO SHOW - FEBRUARY IO, 1976 SundayHours, 9 to 10 a.m., 3 4/4 Davidge & Co. It was pointed.out 25 yearsago that claim two CongressionalMedal of Honor 5 to 6 p.m. Mifflin Place,which wasone block long, winners. One'had been conferred on 73 B.C. R. R.Co. MUNCYEXCHANGE though relatively.short, was neverthelessa Brigadier General H. H. Bingham, "for 5 1/4 Crawford House Sunday Hours 9 to 10 a.m famous home of heroes. Mifflin Place ran distinguished gallantry in the Battle of 78 Fall Brook Coal Co. 5 to 6 p.m from WestFourth Streetto GraceStreet, the Wilderness"during the Civil War 4 1/4 Gamble House 3236 Adams Express Co. just east of Campbell Street. It was an Born in Philadelphia, he spent two years 15i/4 Gamble, Mrs. M. A. , Res. 13 Clapp, Mrs. C. L., Res. old street, as exemplified by the cobb.le of his boyhood ' in Williamsport. The Globe Hotel 24 3 4/4 Coulter, Rogers & Co. stones.It also was a narrow.street,laid family lived in a building that later be- 23 Hepburn, M. P 103 Commercial House out well before the days of the auto: came' the Museum of 'the Lycoming 72 J. f. P. C. & B. R. R.station 33 First National Bank mobiles..In fact, the principal problem of County Historical Society at 858 West thoseliving on the strectwas the auto- Fourth Street.The other winner of the 3202 JERSEY SNORE TELE 73 Lyon Lumber Co. " PHONEEXCHANGE 102 Mohr. W. E. , Postmaster mobile congestion. Congressional Medal of Honor was Pri 63 Jersey Shore Banking Co. 3236 MUNCYTELEPHONE This singleblock, with lessthan a vale Albert Ralph Campbell,U. S. 3202 Port. Charles H. EXCHANGE dozen dwellings on it, had been the home Marine Corps. He was born April 8. 86 Staples, B. E. 62 Noble & Peterman of two outstandingmilitary heroes.They 1875, in Williamsport, Pennsylvania..He 53 Trump, F. & E. 3236 Painter & Walton were army officers,who had won high !Elceived.the CongressionalMedal of 3202 Weste;n Union Telegraph Co 68 P. & R. R. R. Depot military decorations. The first was Major Honor for action taken at Tientsin. 22 P. & E. R. R. Depot Edward P. Mackey, who was the only ghinaLduring the Boxer Rebellion, June ANTESFORT 67 Smith, L. S. & Son Lycoming County resident to win the 21, 1900. 48 Antes Forte Fishing Club Distinquished Service Cross in Warm War Getting back to Mifflin Place. By HUGHESVILLE 1. The .second was. Colonel Richard 1951, Colo;iel Reidy's famous family lived 46 Bailey Bros. Reidy, who was the first soldier in this at 332 Mifflin Place. This was the home 47 Green. Wm. E. 44 Bodine & Warn county to win the DistinguishedService of Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Nau, parentsof 49 Halfpenny, Campbell & Co. 4 6/4 Frantz. William & Son Lt'd. 42 Huahesville Furniture Co. Crossin the Korean War. This decoration Mrs. Reidy. Major Mackey and his wife was awarded for ''distinguished and resided in ' two homes on 'Mifflin Place. 43 P. & E. R. R. Station Limited, Office 4 7/4 Sanderson, Geo. L. 48 extraordinary heroism.in combat against Mrs. Mackey,who lived at 609 Vallamont Hughesville Furniture Co an .armed enemy", the nation's si;coed Drive in 1951, said she and her husband 44 Trout Mere Fishing Club Limited, Factory 45 Kelly, Jeremiah highest decoration, ranking next to the lived at 337 and 335 MifHin Place. near 4 2/4 Rishel, J. K. Congressional Medal of Honor. the Reidy home. SALLADASBURG 4 5/4 W. & N. B. R. R. Depot So far as county records were known, Major Mackey went out with the 35 Miller. W. L. in 1951 six men had received the Dis- 28th Division, Penna. Keystone Division, Mccullough, Robt. M HALL'SSTATION tinguished ServiceCross. The following in World War 1. A lieutenant with four men were awardedthe Distinguished infantry troops, he was elevated to the 343z/4 W. & N. B. R. R. Depot LARRY'SCREEK Service Cross during World Year 11: rank of Captain, when he was promoted ColonelRaymond D. Milliner,for heroic on the field of battle for gallantry.He 36 J. S. P. C. & B. R. R. Station MONTGOMERY leadership of paratroopers behind enemy won two decorations. His own country BROOKSIDE 23 Houston. L. , Res. lines.three days before D-Day; Captain gave him the DistinguishedService Cross. 24 Houston, L. , Of6lce Frank W. Fenno, U. S. Navy, for b;eak- France awarded him the Croix de Guerre. 37 Williamson, J. R. ing the Jap Blockade of the Philippine with palm. He died in 1933. Islands to run ammunition and medicine Colonel Reidy's military service dated WHITE PINE MUNCYSTATION into Corregidor; Captain Ned Elder, to 1927, when he entered West Point 38 22 P. & E. R. R. Station whose tank corps .unit made the Horst Military Academy, graduating in 1931 Weigle, J. R., Agent escapebreakthrough.at the Normandy During' World War'll, he led infantry Beach enabling .allied troops to expand troops in the Pacific Theatre through their hold.on the European mainland; bloody Okinawa, and later into Korea. Technical SergeantCarl :tV. Moore, who Then cameJune 25, 1950, in the war in Ca. 1888 helped,bring back the sadly crippled Korea. On the Inchoninvasion, he won 'mizpah". The pilot was dead..the co- the bronzestar for valor. He wasgiven "««.;::,:'olli''..;1:''..=;..g=1;; }.;:E='.;:=.£h, 'nU=:::liili; belowzero, despite orders 'to jump !::for heroism in mortal action againstan thecrew. ' ' armed enemy, he earned the Distin- 625 FIRE ALARM CALL 625 Williamsport also has the right to guished Service Cross. 39 THE PRESBYTERIAN MINISTERS OF LYCOMING COUNTY this somewhatdifficult work, and he was Evening News from 1905 to 1909. The (Conclusion) constantlyemployed. Mr. Allen died in Evening News was afterward discon- the Scranton, Pennsylvania hospital Jan- tinued. B3pWarren 1,. Marsh uary 25, 1927, following an operation for appendicitis. Mr. Bell joined the First Presbyterian Church of Williamsport, Pennsylvaniain Reu. Adolos Allen The funeral of Rev. Adolos Allen, 1905 and was elected a Ruling Elder in at one time pastor of the Third Presby- 1914.He was a Trusteeof the Synodof Adolos Allen was born in Iowa City, and is held in very affectionateremem- terian Church of Williamsport, Pennsyl- Pennsylvania from 1920 to 1930, and a Iowa. December 12, 1855. Following his berance by many of the people. The dis- vania, was held in the Covenant-Central member of Synod'sGeneral Council from elementary education, he graduated from astrous flood of 1889 prevented the carry- Church (successor to the Third Church 1935 to 1938. He was a member of the Williams 'College, Williamstown, Mass. ing out of certain plans for the improve' by merger) on January 28, 1927. It was Directors of the Northumberland Presby- 1878. MA 1887, and from the Princeton ment of the church property in Mr. conducted by the Rev. Dr. Elliott C tery, Inc., since 1920 and President since Allen's pastorate, and they were left to Armstrong in the absenceof Dr. Granger 1940. Theological Seminary, Princeton, New on vacation. In his remarks. Dr. Arm- Jersey 1881 . He was ordained January 23, be consummated in a later pastorate. strong emphasized Mr. Alien's three-fold He was electedModerator of the 1881' by the Presbytery of Jersey City, That Mr. Allen found somedisfavor New Je;sey and accepted his first pastor- combination of a winning personality, a Northumberland Presbyteryin 1948, the ate at the' Clermont 'Avenue Presbyterian among the newer members of the church deep spiritual nature, and a great interest secondlayman to hold that office; the Church of Jersey City, N. J. in 1881.re- is discoveredby the following letter dated in the prayerlife of the churcheshe first laymanto hold the officewas John maining until late 1884, at which time September 11, 1891: "Dear Brethren: For served. It was no unusual thing for the G. Reading, alsoof the First Presbyterian he moved to Williamsport, Pennsylvania. a certain reason, which, at the present prayer meeting to double in attendance Church of Williamsport, who servedin time. neednot be mentioned,but which during one of his interim pastorates. 1907, long before it became the mode to An election for pastor was held by is well known to you, I take advantage have laymen serve as Moderators the congregation of 'the Third Presby- of this opportunity to notify you officially terian Church of Williamsport, Pennsyl- that so soon as God in His Providence It is Mr. Bell'sfirm convictionthat vania, Wednesdayevening, December 17t opensup to me a suitablefield of labor, Mv. JesseS. Be!{ our church is a Laymen'schurch and 1884.with the Rev. S.'E. Websterof if is my intentionto askPresbytery to that as such they should be more inter- the First PresbyterianChurch this city release me from the Pastoral charge of As a living example of Presbyterian estedin the operationof it. This con acting as Moderator. By a total vote of The Third PresbyterianChurch, of life and action there are few among the viction has been exemplifiedin his own 43, the congregationunanimously elected Williamsport, Pennsylvania." On Marsh laymen who can stand with JesseS. 'Bell. life and he has done everythingin his Mr. Adolos Allen of .Jersey City, New 30, 1892, Mr. Allen gave notice that he one of Williamsport's most honored and power to encourageother laymen to be- Jerseyand the salarywa? fixed at would vacate the pulpit as of April 1, revered Presbyterianmen. Mr. Bell by come acquaintedwith the work of the $1600.00 per annum, payable quarterly 1892, subject to the approval of Presby- virtue of his interest in religion, more church. Proof of the matter in this area with free use of the parsonage tery at its meeting at Shamokin, Pennsyl- especially as it is seen through the prin- is that on more than one occasionthe vania. ciplesof our great church,has had Elders have outnumbered the ministers at Mr. Allen becamepastor in 1885and heaped upon his head more honors than the meetings of Presbytery and the re on March 6. 1885.lars. ElouiseAllen Since leaving Williamsport, Mr. those usually bestowed upon laymen. sponge of the men in the area is en presented her letter from the Clermont Allen held a number of prominent couraging Avenue Church of Jersey City, New Jer- pastorates as follows: Co-pastor at the Jesse Scott Bell was born November sey. Mr. Allen has been described as not First Presbyterian Church of Washington, lO, 1875, in Bedford County, Pennsyl- Mr. Bell through the years has a 'large man, fair, and very pleasant. D. C. from 1894 to 1896, co-pastor at vania the son of James Wallace Bell and served on numerous committees in the That he was particularly attractive to the First PresbyterianChurch at Reading, his wife Anna Levegood - a Methodist Presbyteryand has spent more time the young peopleis evidencedin. part Pennsylvaniafrom 1897 to 1900, and minister. The family movedwest and he promoting the work of the Presbytery by the very strong and .active Young pastor of the Second PresbyterianChurch spen! his youth in South Dakota, living than any other layman. He has served Peoples Society or Christian Endeavor. ;t Cranbury, New Jersey from 1900 to on the edgeof the reservationsof the as moderatorand has advocatedthe The church under his leadership was 1914. From'1914 to i916 he was Chaplain Sioux and Crow Indians for about twelve present plan of alternating the leadership active in the State organizationof at the Sailor'sHome & Institution of New years. To secure a schooling in this area of the Presbytery by having a minister as ChristianEndeavor and we note that York City. In recent years he has been he had to walk four miles each day in moderator one year and the next having probably among others, Miss Mary Purdy busy as a lecturer and as interim pastor the severewinters. He returned to Penn an Elder electedto serve.This is strength- and M;s. L. Reader were delegates to in a number of the leading churches, sylvania in 1894 for the purpose of com- ening the work of the Presbyteryand will the State Convention at Erie, Pennsyl- his last engagementof this kind being pleting his education and attended Dick- gradually create ever more interest in vania. in Germanto;n, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- inson.Seminary, now Lycoming College. years to come. vania. in 1895 and 1896. From 1900 to 1909 he Of most gentlemanly demeanor, Mr was in the newspaper business, serving as On June 9, 1950, Mr. Bell was Allen had a fine mind, and warm His courtesy, great ability and high a reporteron the Williamsport Sun from elected unanimously to the high position hearted piety, he excelled as a pastor, spirituality made him very acceptablein 1900 to 1905, and as M;nager of the of Moderator of the Presbyterian Synod 40 of Pennsylvania-thefirst laymanto be Locally Mr. Bell is widely known in elected to this position. The sessions held this city as a real estate broker and has been clerk of his own church sessionfor at Wilson College in Chambersburg Pennsylvania, represented 1,121 churches the past eight yearsand a teacherof an and 400,000 members this represen ' adult classin the SundaySchool for cation being placed in the hands of 130 many years. He also has promoted men's commissioners. This election of Mr. Bell's work in the church at large and has been consultant to the various churches in places in the presiding office of the synod a layman for the Hirsh time since 1882: matters of law and government Not since 1916 has the Presbyteryof Northumberland, for which Mr. Bell was Mr. Bell. a natural leader, has a commissioner and former moderator, through the years developed a good sense had a representativein this office. of values and approaches problems only after thorough study and when he speaks he not only is convincingin his manner The offices of Moderator of Presby- but has the facts and figures to back up tery and Moderator of the Synodof Penn his statements. It is indeed a privilege sylvaniahas given to JesseBell !he oppor' to know JesseS. Bell and one must con- tunity of visiting many pulpits of the gratulate his church, the local Presbytery and community for such a man whose Presbyterian Church in Pennsylvaniaand influence in the causefor Christ will be addressing the congregations in. morning worship, laymen's and women's organ- felt for many years to come. Northumber- izations. church schools and youth land Presbytery is a better Presbytery, groups Since 1948 he has addressed .over and the PresbyterianChurch as a church, 50 Presbyterian gatherings about half. of and more important, the Kingdom of which have been at Sunday morning God has been enriched becauseof this services. man.

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