Anamorphic Fungi: Hyphomycetes
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<I>Cymadothea Trifolii</I>
Persoonia 22, 2009: 49–55 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158509X425350 Cymadothea trifolii, an obligate biotrophic leaf parasite of Trifolium, belongs to Mycosphaerellaceae as shown by nuclear ribosomal DNA analyses U.K. Simon1, J.Z. Groenewald2, P.W. Crous2 Key words Abstract The ascomycete Cymadothea trifolii, a member of the Dothideomycetes, is unique among obligate bio- trophic fungi in its capability to only partially degrade the host cell wall and in forming an astonishingly intricate biotrophy interaction apparatus (IA) in its own hyphae, while the attacked host plant cell is triggered to produce a membranous Capnodiales bubble opposite the IA. However, no sequence data are currently available for this species. Based on molecular Cymadothea trifolii phylogenetic results obtained from complete SSU and partial LSU data, we show that the genus Cymadothea be- Dothideomycetes longs to the Mycosphaerellaceae (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes). This is the first report of sequences obtained GenomiPhi for an obligate biotrophic member of Mycosphaerellaceae. LSU Mycosphaerella kilianii Article info Received: 1 December 2008; Accepted: 13 February 2009; Published: 26 February 2009. Mycosphaerellaceae sooty/black blotch of clover SSU INTRODUCTION obligate pathogen has with its host, the aim of the present study was to obtain DNA sequence data to resolve its phylogenetic The obligate biotrophic ascomycete Cymadothea trifolii (Dothi position. deomycetes, Ascomycota) is the causal agent of sooty/black blotch of clover. Although the fungus is not regarded as a seri- MATERIALS AND METHODS ous agricultural pathogen, it has a significant impact on clover plantations used for animal nutrition, and is often found at Sampling natural locations. -
Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Periconia Pseudobyssoides Sp
Mycol Progress DOI 10.1007/s11557-013-0914-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Morphological and molecular characterisation of Periconia pseudobyssoides sp. nov. and closely related P. byssoides Svetlana Markovskaja & Audrius Kačergius Received: 23 April 2013 /Revised: 26 June 2013 /Accepted: 9 July 2013 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Anamorphic ascomycetes of the genus Periconia, and in other European countries, 34 species of anamorphic occurring on invasive Heracleum sosnowskyi and on other fungi was established, including Periconia spp. which frequent- native Apiaceae plants were examined during this study. On ly occurred. Part of Periconia specimens were identified as P. the basis of morphological, cultural characteristics and ITS byssoides Pers., which is widely distributed on Apiaceae and sequences a new species of Periconia closely related to other herbaceous plants, but several specimens differed from P. Periconia byssoides, is described and illustrated. The new byssoides and other known Periconia species by morphological species Periconia pseudobyssoides, collected on dead stalks and cultural characters. These specimens represented a separate of Heracleum sosnowskyi, is characterized by producing taxonomic entity which is proposed here as a new species. brownish verruculose mycelium on malt-extract agar, and Most Periconia species are widely distributed terrestrial differs from P. byssoides and other known Periconia species saprobes and endophytes colonizing herbaceous and woody by producing reddish-brown, macronematous conidiophores plants in various geographical regions and habitats (Ellis with numerous percurrent proliferations, often verruculose at 1971, 1976;Matsushima1971, 1975, 1980, 1989, 1996;Rao the apex immediately below the conidial head, verrucose and Rao 1964;Subramanian1955; Subrahmanyam 1980; ovoid conidiogenous cells arising directly from the swollen Lunghini 1978; Saikia and Sarbhoy 1982; Muntañola- apical cell cut off by a septum from the stipe apex, and Cvetković et al. -
Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 69–91
Persoonia 26, 2011: 108–156 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158511X581723 Fungal Planet description sheets: 69–91 P.W. Crous1, J.Z. Groenewald1, R.G. Shivas2, J. Edwards3, K.A. Seifert 4, A.C. Alfenas5, R.F. Alfenas 5, T.I. Burgess 6, A.J. Carnegie 7, G.E.St.J. Hardy 6, N. Hiscock 8, D. Hüberli 6, T. Jung 6, G. Louis-Seize 4, G. Okada 9, O.L. Pereira 5, M.J.C. Stukely10, W. Wang11, G.P. White12, A.J. Young2, A.R. McTaggart 2, I.G. Pascoe3, I.J. Porter3, W. Quaedvlieg1 Key words Abstract Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Baga diella victoriae and Bagadiella koalae on Eucalyptus spp., Catenulostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus laevopinea, ITS DNA barcodes Cercospora eremochloae on Eremochloa bimaculata, Devriesia queenslandica on Scaevola taccada, Diaporthe LSU musigena on Musa sp., Diaporthe acaciigena on Acacia retinodes, Leptoxyphium kurandae on Eucalyptus sp., novel fungal species Neofusicoccum grevilleae on Grevillea aurea, Phytophthora fluvialis from water in native bushland, Pseudocerco systematics spora cyathicola on Cyathea australis, and Teratosphaeria mareebensis on Eucalyptus sp. Other species include Passalora leptophlebiae on Eucalyptus leptophlebia (Brazil), Exophiala tremulae on Populus tremuloides and Dictyosporium stellatum from submerged wood (Canada), Mycosphaerella valgourgensis on Yucca sp. (France), Sclerostagonospora cycadis on Cycas revoluta (Japan), Rachicladosporium pini on Pinus monophylla (Netherlands), Mycosphaerella wachendorfiae on Wachendorfia thyrsifolia and Diaporthe rhusicola on Rhus pendulina (South Africa). Novel genera of hyphomycetes include Noosia banksiae on Banksia aemula (Australia), Utrechtiana cibiessia on Phragmites australis (Netherlands), and Funbolia dimorpha on blackened stem bark of an unidentified tree (USA). -
Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi: GOPHY 1
Accepted Manuscript Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1 Y. Marin-Felix, J.Z. Groenewald, L. Cai, Q. Chen, S. Marincowitz, I. Barnes, K. Bensch, U. Braun, E. Camporesi, U. Damm, Z.W. de Beer, A. Dissanayake, J. Edwards, A. Giraldo, M. Hernández-Restrepo, K.D. Hyde, R.S. Jayawardena, L. Lombard, J. Luangsa-ard, A.R. McTaggart, A.Y. Rossman, M. Sandoval-Denis, M. Shen, R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan, E.J. van der Linde, M.J. Wingfield, A.R. Wood, J.Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, P.W. Crous PII: S0166-0616(17)30020-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002 Reference: SIMYCO 47 To appear in: Studies in Mycology Please cite this article as: Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Chen Q, Marincowitz S, Barnes I, Bensch K, Braun U, Camporesi E, Damm U, de Beer ZW, Dissanayake A, Edwards J, Giraldo A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hyde KD, Jayawardena RS, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, McTaggart AR, Rossman AY, Sandoval-Denis M, Shen M, Shivas RG, Tan YP, van der Linde EJ, Wingfield MJ, Wood AR, Zhang JQ, Zhang Y, Crous PW, Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1, Studies in Mycology (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. -
Proposed Generic Names for Dothideomycetes
Naming and outline of Dothideomycetes–2014 Nalin N. Wijayawardene1, 2, Pedro W. Crous3, Paul M. Kirk4, David L. Hawksworth4, 5, 6, Dongqin Dai1, 2, Eric Boehm7, Saranyaphat Boonmee1, 2, Uwe Braun8, Putarak Chomnunti1, 2, , Melvina J. D'souza1, 2, Paul Diederich9, Asha Dissanayake1, 2, 10, Mingkhuan Doilom1, 2, Francesco Doveri11, Singang Hongsanan1, 2, E.B. Gareth Jones12, 13, Johannes Z. Groenewald3, Ruvishika Jayawardena1, 2, 10, James D. Lawrey14, Yan Mei Li15, 16, Yong Xiang Liu17, Robert Lücking18, Hugo Madrid3, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda1, 2, Jutamart Monkai1, 2, Lucia Muggia19, 20, Matthew P. Nelsen18, 21, Ka-Lai Pang22, Rungtiwa Phookamsak1, 2, Indunil Senanayake1, 2, Carol A. Shearer23, Satinee Suetrong24, Kazuaki Tanaka25, Kasun M. Thambugala1, 2, 17, Saowanee Wikee1, 2, Hai-Xia Wu15, 16, Ying Zhang26, Begoña Aguirre-Hudson5, Siti A. Alias27, André Aptroot28, Ali H. Bahkali29, Jose L. Bezerra30, Jayarama D. Bhat1, 2, 31, Ekachai Chukeatirote1, 2, Cécile Gueidan5, Kazuyuki Hirayama25, G. Sybren De Hoog3, Ji Chuan Kang32, Kerry Knudsen33, Wen Jing Li1, 2, Xinghong Li10, ZouYi Liu17, Ausana Mapook1, 2, Eric H.C. McKenzie34, Andrew N. Miller35, Peter E. Mortimer36, 37, Dhanushka Nadeeshan1, 2, Alan J.L. Phillips38, Huzefa A. Raja39, Christian Scheuer19, Felix Schumm40, Joanne E. Taylor41, Qing Tian1, 2, Saowaluck Tibpromma1, 2, Yong Wang42, Jianchu Xu3, 4, Jiye Yan10, Supalak Yacharoen1, 2, Min Zhang15, 16, Joyce Woudenberg3 and K. D. Hyde1, 2, 37, 38 1Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and 2School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, -
Mycosphaerella Podagrariae—A Necrotrophic Phytopathogen Forming a Special Cellular Interaction with Its Host Aegopodium Podagraria
Mycol Progress (2010) 9:49–56 DOI 10.1007/s11557-009-0618-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mycosphaerella podagrariae—a necrotrophic phytopathogen forming a special cellular interaction with its host Aegopodium podagraria Uwe K. Simon & Johannes Z. Groenewald & York-Dieter Stierhof & Pedro W. Crous & Robert Bauer Received: 3 June 2009 /Revised: 12 August 2009 /Accepted: 14 August 2009 /Published online: 19 September 2009 # German Mycological Society and Springer 2009 Abstract We present a new kind of cellular interaction Keywords Dothideomycetes . ITS . LSU . found between Mycosphaerella podagrariae and Aego- Molecular phylogeny. SSU podium podagraria, which is remarkably different to the interaction type of the obligate biotrophic fungus Cym- adothea trifolii, another member of the Mycosphaerellaceae Introduction (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) which we have described earlier. Observations are based on both Mycosphaerellaceae (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) is conventional and cryofixed material and show that some one of the most species-rich groups of ascomycotan fungi, features of this particular interaction are better discernable containing species that are saprobic, endophytic, biotrophic, after chemical fixation. We were also able to generate nectrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic (Verkley et al. 2004; sequences for nuclear ribosomal DNA (complete SSU, Aptroot 2006; Crous et al. 2006). Recent DNA phyloge- 5.8SandflankingITS-regions,D1–D3 region of the netic studies using the nuclear ribosomal RNA operon as LSU) confirming the position of M. podagrariae within well as house-keeping genes have revealed its extreme Mycosphaerellaceae. genetic diversity (Arzanlou et al. 2007; Crous et al. 2007a, b). In spite of the size and economic importance of the Mycosphaerellaceae, cellular interactions of this family with various host plants are still poorly documented. -
Chocolate Spot Disease of Eucalyptus
Mycol Progress (2012) 11:61–69 DOI 10.1007/s11557-010-0728-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chocolate spot disease of Eucalyptus Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon & Johannes Z. Groenewald & Kevin D. Hyde & Chaiwat To-anun & Pedro W. Crous Received: 30 July 2010 /Revised: 6 November 2010 /Accepted: 26 November 2010 /Published online: 24 December 2010 # The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Chocolate Spot leaf disease of Eucalyptus is superficial on the host tissue and conidiogenous cells that associated with several Heteroconium-like species of can have loci that are either inconspicuous or proliferating hyphomycetes that resemble Heteroconium s.str. in mor- percurrently. Furthermore, conidiogenous cells can either phology. They differ, however, in their ecology, with the occur solitary on hyphae, or be sporodochial, arranged on a former being plant pathogenic, while Heteroconium s.str. is weakly developed stroma, which further distinguishes a genus of sooty moulds. Results of molecular analyses, Alysidiella from Heteroconium. inferred from DNA sequences of the large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region of nrDNA, Keywords Alysidiella . Aulographina . Capnodiales . delineated four Heteroconium-like species on Eucalyptus, Capnodiaceae . Heteroconium namely H. eucalypti, H. kleinziense, Alysidiella parasitica, and one isolate resembling a novel species in a clade separate from the holotype of Heteroconium, H. citharexyli. Introduction Based on molecular phylogeny, morphology and ecology, the Heteroconium-like species associated with Chocolate Over the past 20 years, several collections have been Spot disease are reclassified in the genus Alysidiella, which obtained of a foliar disease of Eucalyptus spp. that was is shown to have mycelium that is immersed in and commonly referred to as ‘Chocolate Spot’. -
Unravelling Mycosphaerella: Do You Believe in Genera?
Persoonia 23, 2009: 99–118 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158509X479487 Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera? P.W. Crous1, B.A. Summerell 2, A.J. Carnegie 3, M.J. Wingfield 4, G.C. Hunter 1,4, T.I. Burgess 4,5, V. Andjic 5, P.A. Barber 5, J.Z. Groenewald 1 Key words Abstract Many fungal genera have been defined based on single characters considered to be informative at the generic level. In addition, many unrelated taxa have been aggregated in genera because they shared apparently Cibiessia similar morphological characters arising from adaptation to similar niches and convergent evolution. This problem Colletogloeum is aptly illustrated in Mycosphaerella. In its broadest definition, this genus of mainly leaf infecting fungi incorporates Dissoconium more than 30 form genera that share similar phenotypic characters mostly associated with structures produced on Kirramyces plant tissue or in culture. DNA sequence data derived from the LSU gene in the present study distinguish several Mycosphaerella clades and families in what has hitherto been considered to represent the Mycosphaerellaceae. In some cases, Passalora these clades represent recognisable monophyletic lineages linked to well circumscribed anamorphs. This association Penidiella is complicated, however, by the fact that morphologically similar form genera are scattered throughout the order Phaeophleospora (Capnodiales), and for some species more than one morph is expressed depending on cultural conditions and Phaeothecoidea media employed for cultivation. The present study shows that Mycosphaerella s.s. should best be limited to taxa Pseudocercospora with Ramularia anamorphs, with other well defined clades in the Mycosphaerellaceae representing Cercospora, Ramularia Cercosporella, Dothistroma, Lecanosticta, Phaeophleospora, Polythrincium, Pseudocercospora, Ramulispora, Readeriella Septoria and Sonderhenia. -
Mycosphaerellaceae – Chaos Or Clarity?
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 87: 257–421 (2017). Mycosphaerellaceae – Chaos or clarity? S.I.R. Videira1,2, J.Z. Groenewald1, C. Nakashima3, U. Braun4, R.W. Barreto5, P.J.G.M. de Wit2, and P.W. Crous1,2* 1Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; 3Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; 4Martin-Luther-Universit€at Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany; 5Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil *Correspondence: P.W. Crous, [email protected] Abstract: The Mycosphaerellaceae represent thousands of fungal species that are associated with diseases on a wide range of plant hosts. Understanding and stabilising the taxonomy of genera and species of Mycosphaerellaceae is therefore of the utmost importance given their impact on agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Based on previous molecular studies, several phylogenetic and morphologically distinct genera within the Mycosphaerellaceae have been delimited. In this study a multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and rpb2) was performed based on 415 isolates representing 297 taxa and incorporating ex-type strains where available. The main aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the genera currently recognised within the family, and to clarify the position of the cer- cosporoid fungi among them. Based on these results many well-known genera are shown to be paraphyletic, with several synapomorphic characters that have evolved more than once within the family. -
Changes of Scots Pine Phyllosphere and Soil Fungal Communities During Outbreaks of Defoliating Insects
Article Changes of Scots Pine Phyllosphere and Soil Fungal Communities during Outbreaks of Defoliating Insects Lukas Beule 1,2,*, Maren Marine Grüning 1,*, Petr Karlovsky 2 ID and Anne l-M-Arnold 1 1 Soil Science of Temperate and Boreal Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany; [email protected] 2 Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (M.M.G.); Tel.: +49-151-4455-2603 (L.B.); +49-160-9113-2996 (M.M.G.) Received: 14 July 2017; Accepted: 26 August 2017; Published: 28 August 2017 Abstract: Outbreaks of forest pests increase with climate change, and thereby may affect microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. We investigated the structure of phyllosphere and soil microbial communities during defoliation by the nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.) (80% defoliation) and the pine tree lappet (Dendrolimus pini L.) (50% defoliation) in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Germany. Ribosomal RNA genes of fungi and bacteria were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and subsequently sequenced for taxonomic assignments. Defoliation by both pests changed the structure of the dominant fungal (but not bacterial) taxa of the phyllosphere and the soil. The highly abundant ectomycorrhizal fungal taxon (Russula sp.) in soils declined, which may be attributed to insufficient carbohydrate supply by the host trees and increased root mortality. In contrast, potentially pathogenic fungal taxa in the phyllosphere increased during pest outbreaks. Our results suggest that defoliation of pines by insect pest, change the structure of fungal communities, and thereby indirectly may be contributing to aggravation of tree health. -
(Fungi) Capítulo
CAPÍTULO 3.1 | CHAPTER 3.1 LISTA DOS FUNGOS (FUNGI) LIST OF FUNGI (FUNGI) Ireneia Melo & José Cardoso Jardim Botânico, Museu Nacional de História Natural, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, R. da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1250 -102 Lisboa, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] D FUNGI MA M PS D S Reino Chromista Phylum Oomycota Classe Oomycetes Subclasse Albuginomycetidae Ordem Albuginales Albuginaceae Albugo bliti (Biv.) Kuntze M Albugo candida (Pers.) Roussel M Albugo portulacae (DC. ex Duby) Kuntze M Albugo tragopogonis (DC.) Gray M Subclasse Peronosporomycetidae Ordem Peronosporales Peronosporaceae Peronospora alta Fuckel PS Peronospora arborescens (Berk.) de Bary M Peronospora rumicis Corda M Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & G. Winter) Berl. & De Toni M Subclasse Saprolegniomycetidae Ordem Pythiales Pythiaceae Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary M Reino Fungi Phylum Glomeromycota Classe Glomeromycetes Subclasse Incertae sedis Ordem Glomerales Glomeraceae Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. & Trappe M Glomus microcarpum Tul. & C. Tul. M Phylum Zygomycota Classe Zygomycetes Subclasse Incertae sedis Ordem Endogonales Endogonaceae Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerd. M Ordem Mucorales Choanephoraceae Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Thaxt. M Mucoraceae Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill. M Pilobolaceae Pilobolus crystallinus (F.H. Wigg.) Tode M MA – quando nenhuma informação está disponível sobre a ocorrência numa ilha em particular (when no information was available concerning island occurrence); M – Madeira; PS – Porto Santo; D – Desertas; S – Selvagens; END – endémica (endemic); MAC – Macaronésia (Macaronesia). 73 D FUNGI MA M PS D S Subreino Dikaria Phylum Ascomycota Subphylum Pezizomycotina Classe Dothideomycetes Subclasse Dothideomycetidae Ordem Capnodiales Capnodiaceae Caldariomyces fumago Woron. M Capnodium citri Berk. & Desm. M Capnodium mangiferum Cooke & Broome M Capnodium nerii Rabenh. -
Differentiation of Species Complexes in Phyllosticta Enables Better Species Resolution
Mycosphere 11(1): 2542–2628 (2020) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/16 Differentiation of species complexes in Phyllosticta enables better species resolution Norphanphoun C1,2,3,4, Hongsanan S5, Gentekaki E1,4, Chen YJ1,4, Kuo CH2 and Hyde KD1,3,4* 1Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 2Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan 3Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand 4School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China Norphanphoun C, Hongsanan S, Gentekaki E, Chen YJ, Kuo CH, Hyde KD 2020 – Differentiation of species complexes in Phyllosticta enables better species resolution. Mycosphere 11(1), 2542– 2628, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/16 Abstract Phyllosticta species have worldwide distribution and are pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes. Taxa have also been isolated from leaf spots and black spots of fruits. Taxonomic identification of Phyllosticta species is challenging due to overlapping morphological traits and host associations. Herein, we have assembled a comprehensive dataset and reconstructed a phylogenetic tree. We introduce six species complexes of Phyllosticta to aid the future resolution of species. We also introduce a new species, Phyllosticta rhizophorae isolated from spotted leaves of Rhizophora stylosa in mangrove forests of Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined sequence data of ITS, LSU, ef1α, actin and gapdh loci coupled with morphological evidence support the establishment of the new species.