We Are Born With. a Potential for Obedience,·Which Then Interacts with the Influence of Socie,Ty to Produce· the Obedient Man.1 Cqnscfon�E, �Hicb Regulates
I. ·. INTRODUCTION We are born with. a potential for obedience,·which then interacts with the influence of socie,ty to produce· the obedient man.1 CQnscfon�e, �hicb regulates. in�'s· impulsive aggressive action,is diminished, however, when man enters· a hierarchical structure. 1n·this context, theindi�dual no ionger views himself as responsibie for his owri actions but defines himself as an instrwnent for carryin$ out the wishes of others.2 Stanley Milgram, prQfe$50r of psychology, . describes the process that finally leads to disobedience -inner doubt, externalization.of doubt, dissent, threat, and disobedience: It's a difficult path, which only a minority of subjects are able to pursue to its conclusion ... The act of disobedience requires a mobili7.ation of inner resources, and their transformation beyond innerpreoccupation, beyond merely polite �rbal exchange, into a domain of action ....The price of disobedienceis a gnawingsense that one has been faithless. Even though he has chosen the morally correct action, the subject remains troubled by the disruption.of the social order hebrought about,and cannot fully dispelthe feeling thatbe deserted a causewhich he had pledged support. It is he, and nf the obedient subject, who experiences the burden of his action. The purpose of this essay is to analyze cases of disobedience during twentieth-century military history as a means of addressing a number of issues. Why do soldiers disobey?What are their motives for disobedience? What is the legitimacy and morality of disobedience? What is the relationship of obedience to disobedience and blind obedience? And, finally, what is the value of this analysis for today's .officer? The firstcase studydeals with three of the most important personalities in the conspiracy against Hitler: Ludwig Beck, Henning von Tresckow, and Claus Count von Stauffenberg.
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