Dor Annual Report 2013-14
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i THE DIRECTORATE 1 RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS 8 Sunflower 7 8 Castor 24 8 Safflower 63 8 Sesame 79 8 Other Scientific Activities 81 8 AICRP 85 INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES 8 Extension and other Activities 97 8 Education and Training 102 8 Awards and Recognitions 105 8 On-going Research Projects 106 8 Meetings and Events 109 8 Human Resource Development 115 8 Publications 121 8 Infrastructure Development 129 8 Hindi Activities 130 8 Visitors 132 8 Appointments / Promotions / Transfers / Retirements 132 8 Personnel 133 Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The salient findings of the research activities (237, 247, 481, 648 and 753) were multiplied for conducted during 2013-14 at the Directorate of biosafety and viral bioassays. Recombinant inbred Oilseeds Research are presented crop wise. line (RIL) population from the cross, PS2023A x PI642072 was developed and characterized for SUNFLOWER powdery mildew resistance, which showed About 39 trait specific germplasm accessions quantitative inheritance of the trait. Interspecific including (high seed yield (>40 g/plant) and high crosses between resistant accessions of H. praecox, oil (>40%) were identified. From newly procured H. debilis and H. niveus with susceptible genotypes, 62 accessions from USDA, USA, accessions with Morden and PS2013B were effected for mapping 46 days for 50% flowering and with 100 seed weight of powdery mildew resistance from wild sources. of more than 12 g were identified. Molecular marker A pedigree information system has been developed derived from fad2 gene associated with high oleic for sunflower breeders for retrieving information trait in sunflower detected high oleic genotypes, on pedigree, selection method, year of TSG-17 (EC699735) and CMS DOP-80 in the development, centre involved in development and exotic germplasm accessions. One hundred and maintenance, quantitative traits, etc. nine accessions of wild Helianthus species were Seed yield of DRSH-1 was higher (1603 kg/ha) obtained and established. Six wild annual diploid with long term fertilizer management of NPK + species (H. annuus, H. debilis, H. praecox, H. niveus, FYM 5 t/ha (sorghum) – NPK (sunflower) than H. argophyllus, H. petiolaris) were shared with AICRP application of NPK @ 150% (1338 kg/ha) to both centres to initiate pre-breeding activity by crossing the crops. Sunflower genotypes CSFH-8712 and with promising B lines for genetic enhancement CSFI-5075 produced higher root volume under P of yield traits. H. niveus (NIV1452) that showed stress situation. In P x Zn nutrient interaction resistance to powdery mildew has been crossed with studies response to P was recorded up to 60 kg/ha susceptible line, 2023B for genetic analysis of (822 kg/ha) and for Zn up to 5 kg/ha (725 kg/ha). resistance. Moisture stress from thinning to star bud stage with As part of the programme on development of or without N top dressing after relieving moisture inbreds, gene pools and identification of heterotic stress, is critical to trigger leaf axil branch formation combinations, ten common restorers and six (up to 64% plants recorded leaf axil branches) at common maintainers were identified for two diverse field level. CMS sources viz., PET and lenticularis (I). Promising Sunflower leaf blight severity was more in 30th inbreds for high autogamy (CSFI-5134 and AKSFI- July and 16thAugust sown crops. Spore load, dew 49-3), early maturity (RHAGKVK-2), high oil point, relative humidity, minimum temperature were content (GPR-102 and GPR-58) were identified. the most influencing weather parameters for the Construction of maintainer (6 lines) and restorer disease severity. Three pathogenic groups were gene (5 lines) pools has been initiated. Seven hybrids identified in Alternariaster helianthi isolates based on among 160 new hybrids evaluated during kharif disease reaction to H. occidentalis. H. maximiliani was 2013 were promising for seed yield per plant (47.7 resistant to most of the isolates. Sunflower leaf curl g: CMS-852A x CSFI-5075), oil content (44.3%: virus is common on cotton, tomato, cowpea, CMS-234A x CSFI-5133) and early maturity (81 mungbean and parthenium in Andhra Pradesh and days: CMS-852A x CSFI-5133). Expression of Karnataka. The occurrence of SuLCV was more TSV-CP gene was confirmed in the homozygous in kharif grown sunflower crop compared to rabi. transgenic event 481-10-11-2. Seeds of five events The seed yields reduced by 21 to 53% at disease i severity levels of 30% and 64%, respectively of germplasm accession, RG-43, flowered 12 days early sunflower powdery mildew. as compared to the check, DCS-9. For seed yield, Suspension concentrate formulation of DOR the highest yield was realized from RG-155 (3317 Bt-1 developed with the synergist boric acid was g/net plot) while seed yield in the best check, DCS- found to be highly effective against Achaea janata 107 was 2227 g/net plot. Twenty nine parental lines and Helicoverpa armigera. Two local isolates 127 and were identified as promising sources for 172 belonging to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki were improvement of physiological traits viz., early found to be highly promising against Spodoptera vigour, high TDM and harvest index. Confirmed litura. Combination formulation of Bt-127 and wilt resistance (0-10% wilt incidence) in RG-386 conidia of B. bassiana ITCC-4513 gave effective (IC-432910), RG-1624 (IC-373981) and RG-2787 control of H. armigera on sunflower and S. litura (IC374338/IC346591) using root dip inoculation on castor. Novel cry1Aa gene identified from local technique. Registered the wilt resistant germplasm isolate 52 belonging to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki, selection, RG-2818 (IC346622; INGR14004) with toxin was designated as cry1Aa24 by NCBI. PGRC, NBPGR, New Delhi. Confirmed Sunflower germplasm lines GMU-1, 126, 843 and leafhopper resistance in RG-2661 (IC374272) advanced line GP 6-208 were found resistant to (hopper burn grade 0 on 0-4 scale), RG-43/ leafhopper with less than 10% hopper burn. IC0584671 and 2498/IC374208 (hopper burn grade 0.1-1.0) while the susceptible checks, DPC-9 and Improvised software platform for disseminating DCH-177 had hopper burn grade 4.0 on 0-4 scale. text based SMS in regional language (Telugu) was The accession, RG-2774 (IC346578/IC374330) developed jointly by National Informatics Centre recorded lower capsule borer damage of 25.8% as and DOR. The platform is being used for compared to 85.5% in susceptible check, DCS-9. dissemination of text messages and vKVK Ward’s minimum variance method of cluster platform for broadcasting of voice messages to analysis grouped the 39 biotic stress resistant sunflower and castor farmers. accessions into eight diverse groups. CASTOR As part of the programme on widening the Conducted a castor germplasm exploration in genetic base of the pistillate and male lines, Rajasthan in collaboration with NBPGR, Regional construction of new gene pools, one each for Station, Jodhpur and collected 118 accessions. monoecious and pistillate lines has been initiated. Identified one germplasm accession for long Two promising male lines (12-2 and 12-76) for high primary spike covered with capsules (49 cm) and seed yield increase (103%, 87%, respectively) over one for high 100 seed weight (59 g). A farmer’s the best check, DCS-107 were identified from PVT- variety with long compact spike (130 cm) has been I. Five promising male lines (11-2, 11-19, 11-34, identified from Dhandej village of Vadodara 11-60 and 11-70) with higher yield increase (58- district, Gujarat. DPC-16, a pistillate line of unique 102%) over the best check DCS-107 were identified morphotype with a hermaphrodite flower at the for early/medium maturity and monoecious trait. tip of the spike, red stem colour and zero bloom Wide hybridization programme using Jatropha was registered by PGRC, NBPGR, New Delhi with integerrima and tapioca has been initiated for CMS national identity, IC0598621. Trait specific development in castor. For understanding the sex germplasm was characterized. Extra-early maturity mechanism in castor, the floral differentiation stages trait was confirmed in three accessions viz., RG- were identified in two parental lines by histological 22/EC168754, RG-26/EC169671 and RG-181/ sections. No significant effect of epimutagen 2- EC168759. The wilt and leafhopper resistant deoxy 5-azacytidine was noticed on the sex ii expression of two castor parental lines but two time intervals indicated the effective association of plants showed higher proportion of male flowers Trichoderma with castor roots. DCS-107 genotype compared to control. Seven promising hybrids showed better colonization with N13, Th4d, TV5 (CEH-40, CEH-73, CEH-99, CEH-68, CEH-134, and 7316 strains. DCS-107 plants grown after seed CEH-108 and CEH-133) were identified with high treatment with Th4d strain showed 85.7% reduced seed yield increase (21-57%) over the best check, disease severity after infection by Phytophthora GCH-7 in a common hybrid evaluation trial at nicotianae and the plants treated with 7316 and N13 DOR (rainfed) and Anand (irrigated). Hybrids strains showed 50% and 42.9% reduced disease CEH-68 and CEH-73 were also resistant to wilt. severity, respectively when compared with disease As a prelude for molecular mapping and linkage on untreated seedlings. Similarly, wilt incidence (on analysis, work on development of mapping the check hybrid GCH-4) was lower when populations and genomic resources has been Trichoderma was included in the soil along with intensified. An association-mapping panel Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini inoculum. Th4d consisting of 300 accessions was assembled for treatment showed least wilt incidence (21%), mapping wilt resistance and other agronomic traits followed by N13 (36%), TV5 (43%), and 7316 in castor. Whole genome sequences of 12 diverse (31%). castor genotypes were generated and over 1 million Application of 5 t FYM along with 100% RDF SNP loci were identified.