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Information Resources Information Resources 175 Economic, Social, and Environmental Statistics for the Greater Mekong Subregion The following statistical tables present environment 4b Freshwater Quality—Lakes—Yunnan, and development indicators of the subregional PRC, 1995-2000 countries. Environment indicators include statistics 4c Freshwater Quality—Lakes—Lao PDR, on air and water quality, forestry, coastal resources, 1990 and 1995 protected areas, biodiversity, natural hazards, rural 4d Freshwater Quality—Lakes— and urban environment, agriculture, and industry. Thailand, 1993-2000 Government commitment in subregional countries 4e Freshwater Quality—Lakes— to improve the environment is represented by Viet Nam, 1997 information on enacted laws and regulations as well 5 Freshwater Availability and as participation in international environmental Withdrawals by Country, 2000 treaties. Development indicators include statistics 6 Discharges of Organic Water Pollutants on economic growth, human development, and the for Selected Countries, 1990, 1995, Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicators, and 2000 which also have a component on the attainment of 7a Forests and Forestry Area—Cambodia, environmental sustainability. Most of these 1992-1998 indicators are presented on a 5-year basis to show 7b Forests and Forestry Area—Yunnan, how countries are performing in terms of reaching PRC, 2000 each goal. For instance, statistics are optimistic in 7c Forests and Forestry Area—Lao PDR, terms of attaining gender equality in education at 1990 and 1995-2001 all levels by 2015. However, reduction of child 7d Forests and Forestry Area—Myanmar, mortality by two thirds between 1990 and 2015 is 1990-2000 unlikely to be achieved, as shown by the slow 7e Forests and Forestry Area—Thailand, progress in most of the countries. 1990-2000 Whenever possible, data are presented by 7f Forests and Forestry Area—Viet Nam, country, in a time series for each of the indicators. A 1990-2000 summary table of the statistics for the most recent 8 Species by Country, 2000 year for all countries is also provided. When available 9.1a Protected Areas—Lao PDR, 1990 and data for a country are for only 1 year, they are included 1995-2000 in the summary table with the other countries. Data 9.1b Protected Areas—Myanmar, for Yunnan Province, PRC mostly refer to information 1990-2000 for the entire PRC. 9.2 United Nations List of Protected Areas, 1997 List of Tables 9.2a United Nations List of Protected Areas—Cambodia, 1997 TABLE NO. TITLE 9.2b United Nations List of Protected 1 Air Pollutant Emissions Areas—Yunnan, PRC—1997 1a Air Pollutant Emissions—Mass 9.2c United Nations List of Protected Loadings—Cambodia, 1991, Areas—Lao PDR, 1997 1995-2000 9.2d United Nations List of Protected 1b Air Pollutant Emissions—Mass Areas—Myanmar, 1997 Loadings—Yunnan, PRC, 9.2e United Nations List of Protected 1995-2001 Areas—Thailand, 1997 1c Air Pollutant Emissions—Mass 9.2f United Nations List of Protected Loadings—Thailand, 1990-1998 Areas—Viet Nam, 1997 1d Air Pollutant Emissions—Mass 10 Coastal Areas by Country Loadings—Viet Nam, 1996 10a Coastal Areas—Cambodia, 1992-1997 2 Ambient Air Concentrations by 10b Coastal Areas—Myanmar, 1990-2000 Country 10c Coastal Areas—Thailand, 1990-1997 2a Ambient Air Concentrations— 10d Coastal Areas—Viet Nam, 1990-2000 Phnom Penh City, Cambodia, 11 Natural Hazards—Selected GMS 1998 and 1999 Countries 2b Ambient Air Concentrations— 11a Natural Hazards—Yunnan, PRC, Thailand, Selected Cities, 1990-2000 2000-2001 2c Ambient Air Concentrations— 11b Natural Hazards—Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Selected Cities, 1994-1999 1994-1998 3a Freshwater Quality—Rivers— 11c Natural Hazards—Myanmar, Cambodia, 2001 1990-2000 3b Freshwater Quality—Lancang River— 11d Natural Hazards—Thailand, Yunnan, PRC, 1995-2001 1990-2000 3c Freshwater Quality—Rivers— 11e Natural Hazards—Viet Nam, Lao PDR, 1990 and 1995 1990-2000 3d Freshwater Quality—Rivers— 12 Urban Environment by Country, 2000 Myanmar, 1999 12a Urban Environment—Cambodia, 1990, 3e Freshwater Quality—Rivers— 1995, and 2000 Thailand, 1991-2000 12b Urban Environment—Myanmar, 1990, 3f Freshwater Quality—Rivers— 1995, and 2000 Viet Nam, 1995-1999 12c Urban Environment—Thailand, 1990, 1995, and 2000 Large Sitting Buddha, Sukhothai, 4a Freshwater Quality—Rivers and Thailand (p. 175) Lakes—Cambodia, 1997 176 Greater Mekong Subregion Atlas of the Environment 13 Rural Environment and Land Use by 18.7.1 GDP Per Unit of Energy Used, 1990, Country, 2000 1995, and 1999 Units used in 14 Other Urban Environment Indicators 18.7.2 Carbon Dioxide Emission per Person, by City, 1998 1990, 1995, and 1998 the Tables 15 Traffic and Congestion by Country, 18.7.3 Proportion of Population with 2000 Sustainable Access to an Improved 16 Agriculture by Country Water Source, 1990 and 2000 BOD5 = biological oxygen 16a Agriculture—Cambodia, 1995 and 18.7.4 Proportion of Population with Access demand CO = carbon monoxide 2000 to Improved Sanitation, 1990 and CO = carbon dioxide 16b Agriculture—Yunnan, PRC, 2000 2000 2 CH4 = methane 16c Agriculture—Lao PDR, 1990, 1995, 18.8.1 Net ODA as Percentage of Gross DO = dissolved oxygen and 2000 National Income, 1990, 1995, and ft2 = square foot 16d Agriculture—Myanmar, 1990, 1995, 2000 GDP = gross domestic and 2000 18.9.1 Debt Service as Percentage of Exports product 16e Agriculture—Thailand, 1990, 1995, of Goods and Services, 1990, 1995, ha = hectare kg = kilogram and 2000 1999, and 2000 km = kilometer 16f Agriculture—Viet Nam, 1990, 1995, 18.10 Other MDG Indicators km2 = square kilometer and 2000 18.10.1 Number of Telephone Lines and ktoe = kiloton oil 17 Industry by Country Mobile Phones, 1990, 1995, 1999, equivalent 17a Industry—Thailand, 1992-2000 and 2000 m = meter 17b Industry—Yunnan, PRC, 2000-2001 18.10.2 Number of Personal Computers, 1990, m3 = cubic meter 18.1 MDG Indicators—Poverty and Hunger 1995, 1999, and 2000 mg/l = milligrams per liter Eradication 19 Demographic and Economic Data by mg/m3 = milligrams per 18.1.1 Share of Poorest Quintile in National Country, 2000 cubic meter Consumption 19a Demographic and Economic Data— N = nitrogen 18.1.2 Prevalence of Underweight in Children Cambodia, 1990, 1995, and 2000 NH4 = ammonium Under 5 Years, 1990, 1995, and 2000 19b Demographic and Economic Data— NO2 = nitrogen dioxide 18.1.3 Proportion of Population Below Yunnan, PRC, 1990, 1995, and 2000 P = phosphorous Minimum Level of Dietary 19c Demographic and Economic Data— Pb = lead PM10 = particulate matter Energy Consumption, 1990 Lao PDR, 1990, 1995, and 2000 of 10 micro- and 1999 19d Demographic and Economic Data— meters in dia- 18.2 MDG Indicators—Achievement of Myanmar, 1990, 1995, and 2000 meter or less Universal Primary Education 19e Demographic and Economic Data— PO4 = phosphate 18.2.1 Net Enrollment Ratio in Primary Thailand, 1990, 1995, and 2000 ppm = parts per million Education, 1990, 1995, 1999, and 19f Demographic and Economic Data— ppp = purchasing power 2001 Viet Nam, 1990, 1995, and 2000 parity SO = sulfur dioxide 18.2.2 Proportion of Pupils Starting Grade 1 20 Other Economic Indicators by Country, 2 SO4 = sulfate Who Reach Grade 5, 1990, 1995, 2000 SPM = suspended par- and 1999 21a Environmental Policies and Laws— ticulate matter 18.2.3 Literacy Rate of 15-24-Year-Olds, 1990, Cambodia tons = metric tons 1995, and 2000 21b Environmental Polices and Laws— TSS = total suspended 18.3 MDG Indicators—Gender Equality Yunnan, PRC solids 3 and Women Empowerment 21c Environmental Policies and Laws— µg/m = micrograms per cubic meter 18.3.1 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary and Lao PDR $ = US dollar Secondary Education, 1990, 1995, 21d Environmental Policies and Laws— and 1999 Myanmar 18.3.2 Ratio of Literate Females to Males 21e Environmental Policies and Laws— Among 15-24-Year-Olds, 1990, Thailand 1995, 1999, and 2000 21f Environmental Policies and Laws— 18.3.3 Share of Women in Wage Employment Viet Nam in the Nonagricultural Sector by 22 Participation in International country, 1990, 1995, and 1999 Environmental Treaties by Country 18.3.4 Proportion of Seats Held by Women in 22a Participation in International National Parliament, 1990, 1995, Environmental Treaties—Cambodia and 1999 22b Participation in International 18.4 MDG Indicators—Reduction in Child Environmental Treaties— Mortality Yunnan, PRC 18.4.1 Under-Five Mortality Rate, 1990, 1995, 22c Participation in International and 2000 Environmental Treaties—Lao PDR 18.4.2 Infant Mortality Rate, 1990 and 2000 22d Participation in International 18.4.3 Proportion of 1-Year-Old Children Environmental Treaties—Myanmar Immunized against Measles, 1990, 22e Participation in International 1995, and 1999 Environmental Treaties—Thailand 18.5 MDG Indicators—Maternal Health 22f Participation in International Improvement Environmental Treaties—Viet Nam 18.5.1 Maternal Mortality Ratio, 1995 and 23 UNESCO World Heritage List 2000 24 Peoples of the Greater Mekong 18.5.2 Proportion of Births Attended by Subregion Skilled Health Staff, 1990 and 1995- 25 Sources of Electricity by Country, 1999 2000 25a Sources of Electricity—Yunnan, PRC, 18.6 MDG Indicators—Reversal of 1980 and 1999 Incidence of HIV/AIDS, Malaria 25b Sources of Electricity—Myanmar, and Other Diseases 1980 and 1999 18.7 MDG Indicators—Environment 25c Sources of Electricity—Thailand, Sustainability 1980 and 1999 Information Resources 177 Economic, Social, and Environmental Statistics for the Greater Mekong Subregion Table 1. Air Pollutant Emissions Table 1a. Air Pollutant Emissions—Mass Loadings—Cambodia, (tons) 1991, 1995–2000 (tons) Sulphur Nitrogen Carbon Country Dioxide Dioxide Dioxide Methane Indicator 1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Cambodia 7,700a 135,000b 1,775,000b 712,000 b Sulphur Dioxide (SO ) 7,000 7,400 7,700 – – – – c 2 Yunnan, PRC 294,424 ––– Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 3,200 4,000 4,400 – – – 135,000 Lao PDR – – – – Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 50,000 57,000 52,000 – – – 1,775,000 Myanmar – – – – Methane (CH4) – – –––– 712,000 Thailand 884,000d 904,000d 148,298,000d 27,000 d Viet Nam 77,246a 143,190a 12,600,000a – – Data not available.