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India's Notified Ecologically Sensitive Areas (Esas)

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India's Notified Ecologically Sensitive Areas (Esas) India’s Notified Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) The Story So Far... Meenakshi Kapoor Kanchi Kohli Manju Menon Kalpavriksh 2009 108 Contact information: Kalpavriksh, Delhi 134, Tower 10, Supreme Enclave Mayur Vihar I, Delhi - 110091 Phone: +91 11 22753714 E-mail: [email protected] Kalpavriksh, Pune 5, Shree Dutta Krupa Apts., 908 Deccan Gymkhana, Pune - 411004 Phone/ Fax: +91 20 25654239 E-mail: [email protected] www.kalpavriksh.org Citation: Kapoor, M., K. Kohli and M. Menon 2009. India’s Notified Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs): The Story so far... Kalpavriksh, Delhi & WWF-India, New Delhi This report was supported by: WWF-India’s Civil Society Collaboration for Environment Governance Initiative Cover painting (watercolour) by: Chameli Ramachandran, from the personal collection of Bindia Thapar Cover Design by: Vinay Aditya Copy edits: Aarthi Sridhar Illustrations and photographs: Kanchi Kohli, Meenakshi Kapoor, Samir Mehta Copy and pass on: No copyright is claimed on this work; you are free to copy, translate and distribute this report. We only request that you acknowledge the original source and share with us a copy of your reprint or translation. Design & Print: Systems Vision, [email protected] Contributory amount: Rs 150/- Contents Introduction and need for the study..............................................................................................1 Methodology.....................................................................................................................................2 Ecologically Sensitive Areas: The Big Picture ...............................................................................3 Murud-Janjira...................................................................................................................................13 Doon Valley..................................................................................................................................... 16 Dahanu ............................................................................................................................................24 The Aravallis ................................................................................................................................... 37 Numaligarh .....................................................................................................................................42 The Taj Trapezium .........................................................................................................................44 Mahabaleshwar-Panchgani............................................................................................................46 Matheran ......................................................................................................................................... 57 Mount Abu......................................................................................................................................70 Sultanpur......................................................................................................................................... 74 Pachmarhi .......................................................................................................................................77 The Himalayas................................................................................................................................82 Hill Stations....................................................................................................................................84 Sahyadri...........................................................................................................................................88 Other Ecologically Sensitive Area Proposals Considered by the MoEF...................................92 The Making of Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA) ....................................................................94 ANNEXURES Comparative Table on Ecologically Sensitive Areas Declared by the MoEF ...........................98 Expert Committee to Review Existing and New Proposals in.................................................102 the MoEF for Declaring Areas as Ecologically Sensitive Documents available on ESAs .....................................................................................................105 Abbreviations used ADB : Asian Development Bank MDL : Mazgaon Docks Limited BEAG : Bombay Environmental Action Group MDDA : Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority BMRDA : Bombay Metropolitan Region MLA & MP : Member of Legislative Assembly & Development Authority Member of Parliament BSES : Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Limited MMC : Matheran Municipal Corporation BSI : Botanical Survey of India MMRDA : Mumbai Metropolitan Region CEC : Central Empowered Committee Development Authority CED : Centre for Environment & Development MoEF : Ministry of Environment & Forests CMZ : Coastal Management Zone MPCB : Maharashtra Pollution Control Board CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board MTDC: Maharashtra Tourism Development CRZ : Coastal Regulation Zone Corporation CZMP : Coastal Zone Management Plan NBWL : National Board for Wildlife DoFE : Department of Forest & Environment NCPNR : National Committee for Protection of DoEn : Department of Environment (Central) Natural Resources DoT : Department of Tourism NEERI : National Environment Engineering DTEPA : Dahanu Taluka Environment Research Institute Protection Authority NGO : Non Governmental Organisation DTEPG : Dahanu Taluka Environment NOC : No Objection Certificate Protection Group NWAP : National Wildlife Action Plan DTEWA : Dahanu Taluka Environment Welfare Association ONGC : Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited DTPS : Dahanu Thermal Power Station PA : Protected Area EFA : Ecologically Fragile Area PAIL : People’s Alliance for the EIA : Environment Impact Assessment Implementation of the Law EPA : Environment Protection Act PIL : Public Interest Litigation EP(PC)A : Environment Pollution (Prevention P&O : Peninsular & Oriental Private Limited & Control) Authority PSI : People’s Science Institute EPR : Environment Protection Rules RANWA : Research and Action in Natural Wealth EPTRI : Environment Protection, Training Administration & Research Institute REL : Reliance Energy Limited ESA : Ecologically Sensitive Area RLEK : Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra ESZ : Ecologically Sensitive Zone RP : Regional Plan FAR : Floor Area Ratio RTI : Right to Information FGD : Flue Gas De-sulphurisation SADA : Special Area Development Plan Authority FoD : Friends of Doon SCMC : Supreme Court Monitoring Committee FSI : Floor Space Index SEIAA : State Environment Impact Assessment GoI : Government of India Authority GoM : Government of Maharashtra SESA : Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area HCMC : High Court Monitoring Committee SPOKE : Society for Preservation of Kasauli & HLMC : High Level Monitoring Committee its Environs I.A : Interlocutory Application TERI : Tata Energy Research Institute IAS : Indian Administrative Services ToR : Terms of Reference IMA : Indian Military Academy TTZPA : Taj Trapezium Zone Pollution Authority INTACH : Indian National Trust for Art and UDD : Urban Development Department Cultural Heritage UPSMDC : Uttar Pradesh State Mineral KEF : Kodachadri Environment Forum Development Corporation Limited KESA : Kodachadri Ecologically Sensitive Area WP : Writ Petition MBS : Matheran Bachao Samiti ZSI : Zoological Survey of India CHAPTER ONE Introduction and need for the study cologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) have been the State Environment Impact Assessment Authorities Eidentified and notified by the Indian Ministry of (SEIAA). Under these circumstances, the authors felt the Environment & Forests (MoEF) since 1989. Notifica- need to research and document thoroughly the process tions declaring areas as ESAs are issued under the and experiences of declaration of ESAs in the country Environment (Protection) Act 1986. The clauses of the so that future discussions on ESAs could be informed EPA which allow for the notification of ESAs hold the by these. An attempt has therefore been made here to possibility of realising landscape-level conservation. do this and provide both a national picture on ESAs However, these clauses have been used only by a few as well as chapters on individual ESAs. This study was actors mainly because of the lack of knowledge about carried out with the following objectives: the scope of ESAs and also due to the MoEF’s ambiguity 1. To compile the available information to the extent in notifying them. possible on the national processes around Ecologi- The last decade has seen significant action around cally Sensitive Areas; Ecologically Sensitive Areas at the national level. The 2. To piece together the historical background of MoEF has defined the term ‘ecological sensitivity’. The various Ecologically Sensitive Areas in the country, criteria and procedure for designation of areas as ‘eco- declared by the MoEF; logically sensitive’ have been decided and ‘environmen- tal sensitivity’ has emerged as an important driver of 3. To undertake a case-by-case analysis of the desig- conservation. Nevertheless, due to incomplete informa- nated ESAs with respect to the current issues with tion, many proposals that were submitted to the MoEF their implementation; are still pending or were subsequently rejected as they 4. To undertake a comparative analysis of all the noti- did not meet the MoEF’s criteria. fied ESAs; Last year, a draft National Environmental Tribunal
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