FMVSSFMVSS NO.NO. 138138 TireTire PressurePressure MonitoringMonitoring SystemSystem ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProgramProgram

20062006 SAESAE Government/IndustryGovernment/Industry MeetingMeeting MayMay 9,9, 20062006

Presented By: John Finneran NHTSA Office Of Vehicle Safety Compliance (OVSC) PresentationPresentation OverviewOverview

„ TireTire FailureFailure StatisticsStatistics „ RuleRule History/ImplementationHistory/Implementation „ FinalFinal RuleRule HighlightsHighlights „ OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure „ ComplianceCompliance ProgramProgram „ TPMSTPMS NHTSANHTSA PointsPoints--ofof--ContactContact „ AvailableAvailable InformationInformation

2 TireTire FailureFailure StatisticsStatistics

„ Tire failures are caused by several factors including underinflation, overloading and insufficient safety margin

„ Estimated 414 fatalities and 10,275 non-fatal injuries result annually from tire related problems (e.g., flat tires/blowouts)

„ Underinflation is involved in 20% of flat tire/blowout cases that result in a crash

Data as provided in 68 FR 38116 of June 26, 2003 (FMVSS No. 139 final rule)

3 RuleRule History/ImplementationHistory/Implementation

„ Final Rule published April 8, 2005 (70 FR 18136) Response to petitions published Sept. 7, 2005

„ Phase-in Schedule began Oct. 2005, requires that all light vehicles be equipped with TPMS by Sept. 2007, multi-stage and alterers by Sept. 2008

„ OVSC conducted a public Technical Workshop and Demonstration in Sept. 2005 in San Angelo,Angelo, TXTX

„ OVSC’s Compliance Program is underway

4 FinalFinal RuleRule HighlightsHighlights

„ StandardStandard isis technologytechnology--neutralneutral allowingallowing anyany TPMSTPMS designdesign thatthat compliescomplies withwith thethe performanceperformance requirementsrequirements

„ AppliesApplies toto PC,PC, MPV,MPV, truckstrucks andand busesbuses withwith GVWRGVWR ofof 4,5364,536 kgkg (10,000(10,000 lb)lb) oror lessless

„ RequiresRequires aa TPMSTPMS telltaletelltale warningwarning lamplamp toto activateactivate withinwithin 2020 min.min. ofof whenwhen thethe pressurepressure inin 11--44 tirestires isis 25%25% oror moremore belowbelow thethe manufacturermanufacturer’’ss recommendedrecommended coldcold inflationinflation pressure,pressure, oror aa minimumminimum levellevel ofof pressurepressure specified,specified, whicheverwhichever isis higherhigher

„ AA MalfunctionMalfunction IndicatorIndicator LampLamp (MIL)(MIL) isis requiredrequired forfor allall vehicles,vehicles, effectiveeffective SeptemberSeptember 1,1, 20072007 (MY08)(MY08)

5 FinalFinal RuleRule HighlightsHighlights -- continuedcontinued

„ TheThe standardstandard requiresrequires TPMSTPMS performanceperformance testingtesting withwith tirestires onon vehiclevehicle atat timetime ofof firstfirst retailretail salesale

„ TestTest CourseCourse specifiedspecified isis thethe SouthernSouthern LoopLoop ofof thethe UTQGUTQG TreadwearTreadwear CourseCourse inin SanSan Angelo,Angelo, TexasTexas

„ ProceduresProcedures forfor conductingconducting systemsystem calibration,calibration, lowlow pressurepressure and malfunction testing areare specifiedspecified

„ OwnerOwner’’ss manualmanual mustmust explainexplain systemsystem operationoperation

6 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure

„ TestTest PreparationPreparation

„ TestTest InstrumentationInstrumentation

„ TestTest ConditionsConditions

„ TestTest ExecutionExecution

7 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Preparation

„ RequestRequest TPMSTPMS designdesign andand functionfunction informationinformation fromfrom thethe vehiclevehicle manufacturermanufacturer priorprior toto startstart ofof compliancecompliance testingtesting

„ ReviewReview vehiclevehicle ownerowner’’ss manualmanual toto understandunderstand thethe operationoperation andand specialspecial proceduresprocedures ofof thethe vehiclevehicle’’ss TPMSTPMS

„ Verify calibration of test instrumentation and installinstall onon testtest vehiclevehicle

8 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Preparation „ Locate vehicle manufacturer’s recommended cold inflation pressure from FMVSS No. 110 Vehicle Placard or optional Tire Inflation Pressure Label

„ Determine low inflation pressure telltale activation point

9 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Instrumentation

„ DataData AcquisitionAcquisition SystemSystem forfor aa continuouscontinuous recordingrecording ofof velocity,velocity, Multifunction Display distancedistance andand time.time. (Racelogic(Racelogic VBOXVBOX 100100 HzHz GPSGPS DataData Logger)Logger)

VBOX III „ PressurePressure GageGage forfor tiretire Brake Pedal Trigger pressurepressure (Ashcroft(Ashcroft Digital)Digital)

„ PlatformPlatform WeightWeight ScalesScales forfor determiningdetermining individualindividual wheel,wheel, axleaxle andand vehiclevehicle loadsloads (Intercomp(Intercomp SWSW 1515””x15x15”” pads)pads)

10 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure TestTest ConditionsConditions

„ UTQG Treadwear test course; ambient temperature 0-40˚C; dry road

„ Vehicle test speeds 50-100 km/h, no cruise control

„ Driving time does not accumulate during braking or when speeds are outside 50-100 km/h range

„ Vehicle’s tires are shaded from direct sun when the vehicle is parked

11 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure TestTest ExecutionExecution-- TelltaleTelltale CheckCheck

„ Check location and symbols used for low tire pressure warning and malfunction telltale(s)

„ Cycle ignition locking system to verify telltale bulb function and color

12 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Execution - Setup

„ Normalize vehicle temperature outdoors with tires shaded from direct sunlight

„ Inflate tires to manufacturer’s recommended cold pressure

„ Load vehicle to LLVW or VCW without exceeding any vehicle ratings

„ Check/reset tire inflation pressures

„ If applicable manually set or reset the TPMS per owner’s manual instructions

13 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Execution - Calibration Phase

Vehicle Speed vs. Time Graph

Rt. 388 E Loop 306 U.S. Hwy 87 U.S. Hwy 87 Loop 306 Rt. 388 W

Total Cumulative Driving Time from graph = 20.33 minutes

14 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure TestTest ExecutionExecution -- TireTire DeflationDeflation

„ Stop vehicle and shut off engine „ Deflate tire(s) to 7kPa (1 psi) below determined warning activation pressure „ Check/reset inflation pressure of deflated tire(s) 1 min after deflation „ Within 5 min of deflating drive vehicle until telltale illuminates

15 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure TestTest ExecutionExecution -- LowLow InflationInflation PressurePressure DetectionDetection PhasePhase Vehicle Speed vs. Time Graph

Telltale Illumination

Rt. 388 E Loop 306

From start of detection phase to telltale illumination. Total Cumulative Driving Time from graph = 4.82 min

16 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Execution - Telltale Reactivation and Deactivation

„ Turn ignition off and then on after 5 min, verify telltale illuminates „ Allow the vehicle to cool down approx. 1 hour „ Start vehicle engine and verify telltale illuminates „ Adjust tire air pressures per FMVSS 110 placard „ Check/reset pressures 1 min after adjustment „ If applicable manually reset TPMS „ Verify telltale extinguishes, if necessary drive vehicle

17 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Execution - Multiple Tire Combinations

„ RepeatRepeat stepssteps aboveabove with:with: „ Different individual tires deflated „ Two-tire combinations deflated „ Three-tire combinations deflated „ Four-tires deflated „ RepeatRepeat stepssteps aboveabove atat otherother vehiclevehicle loadload conditioncondition

18 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance TestTest ProcedureProcedure Test Execution - Malfunction Detection

Certification requirement does not take effect until Sept 2007 (MY 2008)

„ Malfunction – Problem affecting the generation or transmission of control or response signals „ TPMS design and function information provided by vehicle manufacturer

„ Simulate one or more malfunctions by: „ DisconnectingDisconnecting powerpower sourcesource toto aa TPMSTPMS componentcomponent „ DisconnectingDisconnecting connectionsconnections betweenbetween componentscomponents „ SimulatingSimulating aa TPMSTPMS sensorsensor malfunctionmalfunction

19 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance ProgramProgram

„ Demonstration tests to validate OVSC’s test procedure were conducted in 2005

„ Vehicles were not required to meet FMVSS No. 138

„ Vehicles evaluated included: „ MYMY 20052005 JeepJeep GrandGrand CherokeeCherokee (direct(direct TPMS)TPMS) „ MYMY 20052005 FordFord ExplorerExplorer (direct(direct TPMS)TPMS) „ MYMY 20052005 NissanNissan ArmadaArmada (direct(direct TPMS)TPMS) „ MYMY 20052005 ToyotaToyota HighlanderHighlander (indirect(indirect TPMS)TPMS)

20 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance ProgramProgram EvaluationEvaluation ResultsResults -- 20052005 VehiclesVehicles

„ DirectDirect TPMSTPMS equippedequipped vehiclesvehicles „ Illuminated the low tire pressure warning telltales in 2 minutes or less „ Some systems did not require any driving „ Some systems required minimal driving below the test speed

„ IndirectIndirect TPMSTPMS equippedequipped vehiclevehicle „ Illuminated the low tire pressure warning telltale for specific tire deflation tests in 9 minutes or less „ Not all tire deflation tests illuminated the telltale

„ MalfunctionMalfunction detectiondetection testtest executedexecuted onon thethe FordFord ExplorerExplorer „ Installation of a full size spare tire not equipped with a sensor „ The vehicle was equipped with a combination low tire pressure/malfunction telltale that flashed after 33 minutes of cumulative driving time and did not remain continuously illuminated

21 OVSCOVSC ComplianceCompliance ProgramProgram FYFY 20062006 TestTest ProgramProgram OnlyOnly 20%20% ofof MYMY 20062006 largelarge manufacturermanufacturer productionproduction vehiclesvehicles mustmust complycomply withwith FMVSSFMVSS No.No. 138138

TestTest VehiclesVehicles TPMSTPMS Design*Design* TestTest Status/ResultsStatus/Results Chrysler 300 Direct Test Complete/Pass (Rental) VW Passat Direct Test Complete/Pass (Lease) BMW X3 Direct Vehicle Procurement Ongoing Ford Expedition Direct Vehicle Procurement Ongoing Mazda RX-8 Direct Vehicle Procurement Ongoing Nissan Pathfinder Direct Vehicle Procurement Ongoing Nissan Titan Direct Vehicle Procurement Ongoing Toyota Camry Direct Vehicle Procurement Ongoing *TPMS Sensor suppliers include BERU, Schrader, Siemens and Pacific Industrial.

22 TPMSTPMS NHTSANHTSA PointsPoints--ofof--ContactContact „ RulemakingRulemaking IssuesIssues SamuelSamuel Daniel,Daniel, SafetySafety StandardsStandards EngineerEngineer OfficeOffice ofof CrashCrash AvoidanceAvoidance StandardsStandards (202)366(202)366--4921,4921, [email protected]@nhtsa.dot.gov

„ EnforcementEnforcement IIssuesssues TheresaTheresa Lacuesta,Lacuesta, SafetySafety ComplianceCompliance EngineerEngineer OfficeOffice ofof VehicleVehicle SafetySafety ComplianceCompliance (202)366(202)366--2319,2319, [email protected]@nhtsa.dot.gov

„ LegalLegal IssuesIssues EricEric Stas,Stas, OfficeOffice ofof ChiefChief CounselCounsel (202)366(202)366--5552,5552, [email protected]@nhtsa.dot.gov

23 AvailableAvailable InformationInformation

„ ForFor aa copycopy ofof thisthis presentation,presentation, gogo toto thethe NHTSANHTSA websitewebsite http://www.nhtsa.dot.govhttp://www.nhtsa.dot.gov

„ ForFor aa copycopy ofof thethe presentationpresentation givengiven atat thethe TPMSTPMS TechnicalTechnical WorkshopWorkshop andand DemonstrationDemonstration inin SanSan Angelo,Angelo, TXTX onon Sept.Sept. 21,21, 2005,2005, gogo toto http://dms.dot.govhttp://dms.dot.gov andand enterenter docket#docket# 2202722027

„ ToTo viewview thethe latestlatest revisionrevision ofof thethe OVSCOVSC LaboratoryLaboratory TestTest procedure,procedure, gogo toto http://www.nhtsa.dot.govhttp://www.nhtsa.dot.gov (under(under ““TestTest ProceduresProcedures”” onon thethe VehiclesVehicles andand EquipmentEquipment page)page)

24 QuestionsQuestions ??

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