Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10 (2017) 81e85

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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity

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Original article Three new species of the Hübner, 1818 (, , ) from Zhejiang, China

Shengnan Zhao, Houhun Li*

College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China article info abstract

Article history: This paper deals with five species of the genus Dichomeris Hübner, 1818 from Zhejiang, China. Dichomeris Received 13 August 2016 parallelivalvata sp. nov., Dichomeris columnaria sp. nov., and Dichomeris latifurcata sp. nov. are described Received in revised form as new; Dichomeris silvestrella (Ponomarenko, 1998) comb. nov. and Dichomeris beljaevi (Ponomarenko, 23 October 2016 1998) comb. nov. are newly recorded for China. Images of adults and genitalia are provided. Accepted 29 October 2016 Copyright Ó 2017, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Available online 20 January 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: China Dichomeris Gelechiidae Lepidoptera new species

Introduction Taxonomic accounts Dichomeris parallelivalvata Li, sp. nov. The genus Dichomeris is characterized by the labial palpus often LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B15A1EEB-FD11-432E-979E-66E5 having developed scale tuft on the dorsal or ventral surface of the 067CB505 second segment; the vinculum usually with lateral lobes arising (Figures 1 and 6) from different positions, the developed sicae, and the aedeagus with sclerotized lobes from the zone in the male genitalia; the thick Type. Holotype: _, Ganzhuling, Simingshan, Yuyao (29.72N, ductus bursae usually with sclerotized lobes extending into the 121.08E), Zhejiang, China, 853 m, 23 vii 2015 (leg. AH Yin, K Lou & T corpus bursae and the accessory bursae arising from the corpus Wang), genitalia slide no. ZSN15248. Paratype: 1_, 24 vii 2015, bursae in the female genitalia. other data same as for holotype, genitalia slide no. ZSN15267. Dichomeris is a relatively large genus in the family Gelechiidae. It Description. Adult (Figure 1) with wingspan 24.0 mm. Head consists of more than 600 described species in the world. More dark brown, vertex yellowish white laterally. Antenna with scape than 120 species have been recorded to occur in China, including 17 blackish brown on dorsal surface, yellow on ventral surface; species in Zhejiang Province (Li 1997, 2002; Li and Zheng 1996; Li flagellum yellowish brown and brown alternately, with sparse et al 2010; Meyrick 1935). The present paper aims to describe short cilia on ventral surface. Labial palpus with first and second three new species based on the specimens collected from Zhejiang segments yellowish brown on outer surface, yellow on inner sur- Province, China, and to propose two new combinations. All the face; second segment with rough scales, ringed with yellow at studied specimens, including the types, are deposited in the apex; third segment shorter than second, yellow, with scattered Collection of Nankai University. yellowish brown scales on ventral surface. Thorax and tegula dark fuscous; mesothorax without hairpencils from anepisternum in male. Forewing relatively broad (length approximately 2.5 times maximum width), narrow at base, slightly broadened to basal 1/3, * Corresponding author. subparallel from 1/3 to blunt apex, termen obliquely blunt; dark E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Li). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and brown; costal margin brown in basal 1/6, yellowish in distal 5/6; Korea National Arboretum (KNA). blackish brown spot at middle and end of cell as well as at middle http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.10.006 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2017, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 82 S Zhao, H Li / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10 (2017) 81e85

Figures 1e5. Adults of Dichomeris spp. 1, Dichomeris parallelivalvata sp. nov., holotype, male; 2, Dichomeris columnaria sp. nov., holotype, male; 3, Dichomeris latifurcata sp. nov., holotype, male; 4, Dichomeris silvestrella (Ponomarenko); 5, Dichomeris beljaevi (Ponomarenko).

of fold, respectively; fringe dark brown. Hindwing brown in basal sclerotized symmetrical lobes from zone: basal 3/4 bifurcate, arms 2/3, grayish brown in distal 1/3; fringe dark brown around apex, about 1/4 length of sclerotized lobes, with small teeth on outer dark brown in basal 1/3, and pale brown in distal 2/3 along termen, margin; distal 1/4 swordlike, reaching apex of aedeagus. pale brown except distal half dark brown in basal 1/3 along Female. Unknown. dorsum. Fore- and mid-legs blackish brown on outer surface, Distribution. China (Zhejiang). yellowish on inner surface, tibiae with yellowish brown ring at Diagnosis. This new species resembles Dichomeris lushanae Park apex, each tarsomere yellowish brown at apex on outer surface; & Hodges, 1995 superficially. It can be separated from the latter by hind leg yellow. the labial palpus without scale tuft on the second segment, with Male genitalia (Figure 6). Uncus broad subquadrate, about 1/3 rough scales on the third segment, and the broad forewing with length of tegumen; posterior margin rounded, with setae on length approximately 2.5 times the maximum width; in ventral surface. Gnathos stout, curved at middle, sharp at apex. D. lushanae, the second segment of the labial palpus bears trian- Culcitula subrectangular, densely spined. Valva longer than gular scale tuft on the dorsal surface, the third segment is smoothly tegumen-uncus complex, basal 1/4 heavily sclerotized, widened scaled, and the length of the relatively narrow forewing is ventrally, distal 3/4 parallel sided, rounded at apex. Ventral free approximatelly 3.5 times the maximum width. The new species in lobe stubby, digitiform, bluntly rounded at apex, sparsely setose. the male genitalia is similar to Dichomeris fuscusitis Li & Zheng, Setose patch banded. Vinculum approximately equal to length of 1996. It can be distinguished by the sicae fused in basal half, tegumen-uncus complex, sclerotized, concave inward at distal 1/3 separated in distal half, and the sclerotized lobes from the zone of on lateral margin; lateral lobe arising from distal half of vinculum, the aedeagus bifurcate in basal 3/4; in D. fuscusitis, the sicae are extending inward, basal half broad, triangular, distal half distinctly separated from the base, and the sclerotized lobes from the zone of narrow, digitiform, with dense setae; saccal region narrow, arched the aedeagus are not furcate. on anterior margin. Sicae shorter than 1/2 length of vinculum, Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin paral- rectangular in basal half, bifurcate with rodlike and setose lateral lelus (parallel) and valvatus (valva), referring to the shape of the lobes beyond middle. Aedeagus stout, rounded apically; two valva. S Zhao, H Li / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10 (2017) 81e85 83

Figures 6e10. Male genitalia of Dichomeris spp. 6, Dichomeris parallelivalvata sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. ZSN15267; 7, Dichomeris columnaria sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. ZSN15272; 8, Dichomeris latifurcata sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. ZSN14101; 9, Dichomeris silvestrella (Ponomarenko), genitalia slide no. ZSN15160; 10, Dichomeris beljaevi (Ponomarenko), genitalia slide no. ZSN15217.

Dichomeris columnaria Li, sp. nov. on dorsal surface, grayish white on ventral surface; flagellum LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:883BED1E-E4B6-4E26-9C45-5D1460 yellowish brown and blackish brown on dorsal surface, yellowish FD0869 brown on ventral surface. Labial palpus grayish white, with scat- (Figures 2 and 7) tered brown scales on outer surface; second and third segments with rough scales; third segment slightly shorter than second. Type. Holotype: _, Jiufu Village, Mt. Longtang (30.09N, Thorax grayish yellow, with evenly scattered brown scales; tegula 118.93E), Zhejiang, China, 520 m, 27 vii 2014 (leg. AH Yin, XM Hu & brown in basal half, grayish yellow in distal half; mesothorax QY Wang), genitalia slide no. ZSN15342. Paratypes: 4_,25e27 vii without hairpencils arising from anepisternum in male. Forewing 2014, other data same as for holotype, genitalia slide nos. slightly narrowed at base, evenly wide medially, triangular in distal ZSN15206, ZSN15272, ZSN15343, ZSN15345. 1/4, acute at apex; yellowish white, with brown scales; brown scales Description. Adult (Figure 2) with wingspan 8.5e9.0 mm. Head denser along costal 2/3, forming a blackish brown band, and denser grayish yellow, frons grayish white, blackish brown between an- between outer margin of cell and termen; blackish brown spot at tenna and compound eyes. Antenna stout, scape blackish brown middle and end of cell as well as at middle of fold, respectively; 84 S Zhao, H Li / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10 (2017) 81e85 fringe pale yellow. Hindwing and fringe gray. Fore- and midlegs oblique inward from apex to middle of vein R5, posterior margin blackish brown on outer surface, grayish white on inner surface, from lower corner of termen to tornus, meeting dorsal band; cell each tarsomere grayish white at apex on outer surface; hind leg with a small blackish brown spot at middle; fringe blackish brown grayish white, mixed with blackish brown on outer surface. except orange at apex. Hindwing and fringe brown. Fore- and Male genitalia (Figure 7). Uncus subrounded, convex on posterior midlegs blackish brown on outer surface, grayish white on inner margin, concave semicircularly on anterior margin; ventral surface surface; hind leg brown on outer surface, pale yellow on inner with two sclerotized longitudinal ridges mesially, extending from surface, tibia clothed with long pale yellow scales, each tarsomere base to before posterior margin. Gnathos stout, curved at middle, pale yellow at apex on outer surface. sharp at apex. Culcitula nearly semicircular, densely spined. Valva Male genitalia (Figure 8). Uncus subquadrate, posterior margin narrow at base, slightly broadened to rounded apex, approximately setose ventrally, anteriormargin concave in triangular. Gnathos stout, same length as tegumen-uncus complex. Ventral free lobe gradually curved at middle, acute at apex. Culcitula nearly circular, prominent broadened to before rounded apex, setose, about 1/3 length of valva. at middle on posterior margin, densely spined. Valva longer than Setose patch banded, about 1/2 length of vinculum. Vinculum tegumen-uncus complex, basal part slightly narrower than distal slightly shorter than tegumen-uncus complex, angled outwardly at part, apex rounded. Ventral free lobe heavily sclerotized, clavate, base; lateral lobe slender, clavate, arising from middle of vinculum, aequilate to setose apex, curved at middle. Setose patch small, about 2/3 length of vinculum; saccal region narrow, straight on columnar, inflated apically. Vinculum approximately equal to length anterior margin. Sicae single, triangular in basal 1/4, clavate in distal of tegumen-uncus complex; lateral lobe asymmetrical, heavily 3/4, reaching base of gnathos. Aedeagus relatively long, broadest at sclerotized: left lobe arising from between basal 1/4 and 1/2 of vin- zone, acute at apex, weakly sclerotized in basal half, membranous in culum, right lobe arising from between basal 1/4 and 3/4 of vinculum; distal half; three sclerotized lobes from zone equal in length, distal half bifurcate, more or less edged with denticles on inner reaching apex of aedeagus: lateral lobes gradually narrowed from margin, arms narrowed to sharp apex, inner arm longer than outer base to sharp apex; mesial lobe clavate, inflated apically. arm; right lateral lobe with dense denticles in basal 1/3, edged with Female. Unknown. denticles along outer margin. Saccal region narrow, straight on Distribution. China (Zhejiang). anterior margin. Sicae about 1/2 length of vinculum; basal half Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Dichomeris bimaculata quadrate, weakly sclerotized; distal half separated in U shape, lateral Liu & Qian, 1994 in the male genitalia. It can be separated from the lobes subtriangular, strongly sclerotized, with dense denticles on latter by the labial palpus without scale tuft on the second segment; ventral surface distally. Aedeagus with basal 3/4 nearly uniform, in the male genitalia by the lateral lobes arising from the middle of distal 1/4 narrowed to acute apex; single sclerotized lobe from zone the vinculum, and the sicae reaching the base of the gnathos. In not reaching apex of aedeagus, basal 1/3 convex, edged with D. bimaculata, the second segment of the labial palpus bears denticles. triangular scale tuft on the dorsal surface; in the male genitalia the Female. Unknown. lateral lobes arise from basal 1/3 of the vinculum, and the sicae Distribution. China (Zhejiang). reaches the base of the vinculum apically. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Dichomeris obsepta Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin colum- (Meyrick, 1935) superficially. It can be separated from the latter by narius (columnar), referring to the shape of the sicae. the free ventral lobe aequilate from base to apex, the lateral lobes of the vinculum with distal half bifurcate, and the aedeagus narrowed Dichomeris latifurcata Li, sp. nov. in distal 1/4 in the male genitalia. In D. obsepta, the free ventral lobe LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:36BFCF88-41DC-413C-B591-AD420B is narrowed at middle and distally broadened to before spine- 60C029 shaped apical process, the lateral lobes of the vinculum are not (Figures 3 and 8) furcate, and the aedeagus is narrowed at middle. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin prefix Type. Holotype: _, Qianmutian, Mt. Tianmu (30.40N, 119.44E), lati- (lateral) and furcatus (furcate), referring to the lateral lobe of Zhejiang, China, 1320 m, 01 vii 2013 (leg. AH Yin & XC Wang), the vinculum furcate in distal half. genitalia slide no. ZSN14101. Paratypes: 2_, Pinggang, Mt. Longxu (30.42N, 119.55E), Zhejiang, 754 m, 20e21 vii 2014 (leg. AH Yin, Dichomeris silvestrella (Ponomarenko, 1998) comb. nov. XM Hu & QY Wang), genitalia slide nos. ZSN15166, ZSN15278. (Figures 4 and 9) Description. Adult (Figure 3) with wingspan 16.0e16.5 mm. silvestrella Ponomarenko, 1998:7. Head dark brown, frons grayish white. Antenna with scape blackish brown on dorsal surface, grayish white on ventral surface; Material examined. China: 3_, Zhonglie Temple, Mt. Tianmu, flagellum alternately blackish brown and yellowish brown on Zhejiang, 400 m, 24 viie1 viii 2011 (leg. LL Yang & N Chen), genitalia dorsal surface, yellow and ciliate on ventral surface. Labial palpus slide nos. LLJ14152, ZSN15160, ZSN15187; 1_, Zhonglie Temple, Mt. with first and second segments blackish brown on outer surface, Tianmu (30.32N, 119.45E), Zhejiang, 365 m, 27 vi 2013 (leg. AH gray on inner surface; second segment with grayish white-tipped Yin & XC Wang), genitalia slide no. LLJ15154. triangular scale tuft on dorsal surface; third segment shorter than Diagnosis. Adult (Figure 4) with wingspan 9.5e10.0 mm. second, blackish brown in basal 5/6, yellow in distal 1/6, with long D. silvestrella is similar to D. bimaculata Liu & Qian, 1994 in the male rough scales on dorsal surface. Thorax blackish brown; tegula genitalia by the banded parategnimal sclerites, the clavate lateral blackish brown in basal half, yellowish brown in distal half; lobe arising from basal 1/3 of the vinculum, and the narrow saccal mesothoracic anepisternum without hairpencils in male. Forewing region without lateral processes. It can be separated by the valva narrow basally, slightly broadened distally, apex acute, termen narrowed slightly at middle, the parategnimal sclerites approxi- obliquely straight; yellowish brown, with scattered blackish mately equal to the length of the vinculum, and the aedeagus with a brown scales; ill-defined narrow blackish brown band along costal stout cornutus (Figure 9); in D. bimaculata, the valva is aequilate 5/6; broad blackish brown band along dorsum, anteriorly from the base to before apex, the parategnimal sclerites are extending to lower margin of cell, distal 1/6 gradually narrowed approximately 1/2 the length of the vinculum, and the aedeagus toward tornus; large parallel quadrilateral blackish brown patch has no cornutus. along termen, its inner margin relatively straight, anterior margin Distribution. China (Zhejiang), Russia. S Zhao, H Li / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10 (2017) 81e85 85

Dichomeris beljaevi (Ponomarenko, 1998) comb. nov. Science Foundation of China (no. 31672372) and the Research Fund (Figures 5 and 10) for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (no. Acanthophila beljaevi Ponomarenko, 1998:8. 20130031110008).

Material examined. China: 1_, Qianjiangyuan, Mt. Tianmu (30.39N, 119.49E), Zhejiang, 866 m, 09 vii 2014 (leg. AH Yin, XM References Hu & QY Wang), genitalia slide no. ZSN15217. Adult (Figure 5) with wingspan 10.0 mm. Male genitalia Hodges RW. 1986. , Gelechiidae (part), Dichomeridinae. In: Dominick RB, et al., editors. The of America north of Mexico. London: E. W. (Figure 10) as illustrated. Classey and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation. pp. 1e195. Fascicle Distribution. China (Guizhou, Zhejiang); Russia. 7.1. Remarks. The above two species, D. silvestrella (Ponomarenko, Li HH. 1997. Checklist of the genus Dichomeris Hübner from China (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Forest Pest and Disease 4:3e6. 1998) comb. nov. and D. beljaevi (Ponomarenko, 1998) comb. nov., Li HH. 2002. The Gelechiidae of China (I) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Tianjin: Nankai were originally described in the genus Acanthophila Heinemann, University Press. 1870. Hodges (1986) synonymized Acanthophila with Dichomeris Li HH, Zhen H, Kendrick RC, et al. 2010. Microlepidoptera of Hong Kong: taxonomic study on the genus Dichomeris Hübner, 1818, with descriptions of three new Hübner, 1818, while Ponomarenko (1997) treated Acanthophila as a species (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 38 (149): valid genus. 67e89. Li HH, Zheng ZM. 1996. A systematic study on the genus Dichomeris Hübner, 1818 Conflicts of interest from China (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 24 (95):229e273. Meyrick E. 1935. List of Microlepidoptera of Chekiang, Kiangsu and Hunan. In: There are no conflicts of interest to declare. Caradja A, Meyrick E, editors. Materialien zu einer Microlepidopteren-Fauna der chinensischen Provinzen Kiangsu, Chekiang und Hunan. Berlin: R. Friedlander & Sohn. pp. 44e96. Acknowledgments Park KT, Hodges RW. 1995. Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) of Taiwan III. Systematic revision of the genus Dichomeris in Taiwan and Japan. Insecta Koreana 12:1e101. We express our thanks to the collectors for their efforts in the Ponomarenko MG. 1997. Catalogue of the subfamily Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera, e fi Gelechiidae) of the Asia. Far Eastern Entomologist 50:1 67. eld. We also thank two anonymous referees for their valuable Ponomarenko MG. 1998. New taxonomic data on Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera: comments. This study was supported by the National Natural Gelechiidae) from the Russian Far East. Far Eastern Entomologist 67:1e17.