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Central European University Central European University The Influence of European Integration on Party and Party System Development in East European Neighborhood By Natalia Timuú Doctoral dissertation submitted to the Central European University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor Zsolt Enyedi, Associate Professor, Central European University PhD Defense Committee Flemming Splidsboel Hansen, Research Director, Royal Danish Defense College Agnes Batory, Associate Professor, Central European University Peter Mair, Professor, European University Institute CEU eTD Collection Budapest, 2009 CEU eTD Collection I hereby declare that this work contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions. This thesis contains no materials previously written and/or published by another person, unless otherwise noted. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................. 10 LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................. 10 ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 13 BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................... 13 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .............................................................................................................. 14 THE PURPOSE OF THE DISSERTATION ..................................................................................................... 18 SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE DISSERTATION ..................................................................... 20 RESEARCH AGENDA AND THE MAJOR FINDINGS..................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................. 24 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 24 THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO EU IMPACT ON DOMESTIC POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS ....................... 24 CRITICAL ACCOUNTS ON EU IMPACT ON DOMESTIC POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS................................. 28 POST-COMMUNIST PARTY AND PARTY SYSTEM INSTITUTIONALIZATION................................................... 30 CRITICAL ACCOUNTS ON POST-COMMUNIST PARTY AND PARTY SYSTEM INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN EEN .. 32 THE ‘EUROPEANIZATION’ OF POST-COMMUNIST PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS ....................................... 35 The nature of EU influence: direct versus indirect impact................................................................ 39 The extent of the influence of European integration......................................................................... 42 CRITICAL ACCOUNTS ON THE ‘EUROPEANIZATION’ OF PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS ............................... 46 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND METHODS ............................ 51 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 51 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF ANALYZING EU INFLUENCE ON PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS OF EEN .... 51 Direct EU influence........................................................................................................................ 54 Indirect EU influence...................................................................................................................... 55 CONCEPTS .......................................................................................................................................... 59 ‘Europeanization’versus the influence of European integration....................................................... 59 Party and party system institutionalization...................................................................................... 61 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 65 Case selection ................................................................................................................................ 69 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER 4. EU DIRECT INFLUENCE ON PARTY AND PARTY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTS IN EEN.................................................................................................................................................. 72 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 72 THE ADJUSTMENT OF PARTY-RELATED LEGISLATION TO EUROPEAN STANDARDS ..................................... 72 European democratic standards...................................................................................................... 72 EEN legislative adjustment ............................................................................................................. 74 CEU eTD Collection Moldova..................................................................................................................................................... 76 Ukraine...................................................................................................................................................... 81 Georgia...................................................................................................................................................... 84 Comparative assessment of party-related legislative adjustment to European requirements.............. 88 TRANSNATIONAL PARTY LINKAGES ...................................................................................................... 92 Internationals, Political foundations and Europarties...................................................................... 96 EPFS .................................................................................................................................................. 97 EPF affiliation requirements and EEN members.............................................................................. 97 3 Transnational links between EPP and EEN sister-parties .............................................................. 100 Compliance to Christian democrat ideology.................................................................................. 100 Federal Europe............................................................................................................................. 102 Establishment as a national force.................................................................................................. 102 Party interaction .......................................................................................................................... 103 Mechanisms of EPP influence....................................................................................................... 104 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 109 CHAPTER 5. THE INDIRECT INFLUENCE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ON PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS IN EEN ................................................................................................................112 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................112 THEORETICAL DEBATE ........................................................................................................................113 THEORETICAL MODEL.........................................................................................................................114 Theoretical expectations ................................................................................................................117 EMPIRICAL FINDINGS FROM PARTY LEVEL............................................................................................119 MRG dataset. ................................................................................................................................119 Expert survey data........................................................................................................................ 121 Format of a party system .............................................................................................................. 129 Mechanics of a party system ......................................................................................................... 132 Party-government relationship and the European stance...........................................................................
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