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CURRENT the Public Policy Journal of the Cornell Institute for Public Affairs Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring 2006 THE CURRENT The Public Policy Journal of the Cornell Institute for Public Affairs The Gaza-West Bank Infrastructural Link John Davis, Brian Doench Small Arms Proliferation Amanda Riggs Information Technology District in Romania Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu Homeownership and Racial Inequity Lauren M. Kennedy Economic and Cultural Values in International Development Enoch Lambert Drug Courts Kimberly Lehmkuhl Low-Income Working Mothers in Tompkins County, NY Peggy Arcadi Interview: Marc Garlasco Human Rights Watch H. Aaron Levy Book Review: The End of Poverty by Jeffrey Sachs Matthias A. Brown THE CURRENT The Public Policy Journal of the Cornell Institute for Public Affairs Volume 9, Number 2 Spring 2006 THE CURRENT Th e Public Policy Journal of the Cornell Institute for Public Aff airs Editor-in-Chief Ahmad Maaty Managing Editor-in-Chief Caren Kang Business Managers Tim Hou Aaron Levy Micah Gell-Redman Articles Editors Edward Abrokwah Kimberly Cutright Sean Miskell Justin W. Nelson Views & Reviews Editors Aaron Levy Keyzom Ngodup Matthias Brown Executive Editors Kaitlin Nelson Suzanne Ammari Kanika Arora Travis Durfee Micah Gell-Redman Research Editors Kimberly Cutright Carly Hamaguchi Krishna Prasad Poudel Associate Editors Kaitlin Nelson Hotaka Nishio Tara Wood Faculty Advisor Dr. Jerome Ziegler Professional Development Advisor Th omas J. O’Toole Core Faculty of the Cornell Institute for Public Aff airs David B. Lewis, Director of the Cornell Institute for Public Aff airs Nancy Chau, Associate Professor of Applied Economics and Management Th eodore J. Lowi, John L. Senior Professor of American Institutions Kathryn S. March, Associate Professor of Anthropology Jerome M. Ziegler, Professor Emeritus in the Dept. of Policy Analysis and Mgt. Neema Kudva, Assistant Professor of City and Regional Planning Christine Ranney, Associate Professor of Applied Economics and Management Norman Uphoff , Professor of Government ii Mission Statement As the academic journal of the Cornell Institute for Public Affairs (CIPA), The Current provides a platform for public policy discourse through the work of CIPA fellows and their mentors, with contributions from the public affairs community. Editor’s Note e are proud to present this Spring 2006 edition of The Current. In Wcontinuation of past changes, the creation of the Business Manager position, complementing the rest of the newly-minted staff positions, has streamlined the journal’s operations. In addition, the launch of The Current’s new website will facilitate the submission and subscription processes, while allowing an electronic archive of past issues. Finally, this edition contains contributions from faculty and fellow graduate students from the nation’s leading public affairs programs. Featured are contributions on a range of topics, both domestic and international. Exciting perspectives in international development are presented, including infrastructure in the Occupied Palestinian Territories by John Davis and Brian Doench of the Fletcher School, information technology districts in Romania by Ph.D candidate Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu of Cornell’s City and Regional Planning program, and a new approach to Amartya Sen’s capacity development by CIPA’s Enoch Lambert. Among the domestic policy issues, Lauren M. Kennedy of Georgetown’s Public Policy Institute explores the challenges faced by minorities in home ownership and Kimberly Lehmkuhl of Columbia University School of Law and SIPA reviews the developmental stage of United States drug courts. Within the Views & Reviews section, Peggy Arcadi of the Cornell Public Service Center presents research on poor working mothers in our very own Tompkins County, Human Rights Watch’s Mark Garlasco sits down with senior editor H. Aaron Levy, and Matthias Brown reviews Jeffrey Sach’s popular title, The End of Poverty. The commitment of both our dedicated senior editorial staff—adapting to several changes and an vastly expanded edition, and our executive and research editors— fi nalizing the selected articles, and fi nally, the cooperation and keenness of all con- tributors, has made the polished fi nal product possible. Special thanks to Faculty Advisor Dr. Jerome M. Ziegler and the CIPA staff for their support and guidance in addressing the expanding needs of the journal. Our sincere gratitude CIPA alumnus Jeremy Allen for agreeing to share with us his fond memories of late Professor of Government and Director of CIPA, Arch Dot- son, who passed away on April 6th. Finally, The Current would like to congratulate its graduating senior editors for a job well done, with the journal and beyond. Ahmad Maaty The Current refl ects the diverse political, cultural, and personal experiences of CIPA fellows and faculty. The views presented are not neces- sarily the opinions of The Current, the Cornell Institute for Public Affairs or Cornell University. iii In Memoriam Arch Dotson 1921-2006 Director, Cornell Institute for Public Aff airs (1989-1996) I fi rst met Professor Dotson when I was a senior at Cornell, fi nishing up my degree at the School of Industrial and Labor Relations. Like many college seniors, I was unsure about what I wanted to do with the rest of my life. Fortunately for me, I came across a fl yer highlighting the opportunities available to Cornell undergraduates to earn their MPA through CIPA during a 5th year of study. Intrigued, I set up an appointment with Professor Dotson. After meeting with him, I was certain that CIPA was the perfect place for me. In my mind, Professor Dotson was a professor right out of “central casting” -- wise, intellectually challenging, but eminently approachable and someone every CIPA fellow valued spending time with. I immensely enjoyed the CIPA course he taught -- a group project I did on the Kennedy administration’s actions during the Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the most stimulating and enjoyable endeavors I undertook while a CIPA fellow. My work at CIPA helped me qualify as a Presidential Management Intern, which enabled me to start a career in public policy that I’ve found to be highly rewarding. I truly believe that whatever successes I have I owe in large part to Professor Dotson’s tireless work in establishing CIPA as a high-level public affairs program. He was an accomplished scholar and a good man who lived a rich, full life. I’m reminded of a quote by Joseph Conrad that captures how so many Cornellians will remember Professor Dotson –- “. not in the vivid fl ush of a short day that comes and departs for ever, but in the august light of abiding memories.” _________ Jeremy Allen is currently the Director of Federal Affairs at Johnson & Johnson. Jeremy began his career as a Presidential Management Intern with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where he worked to prepare the agency’s annual budget submissions to Congress. Thereafter, he served as a health policy advisor to Chairman Michael Bilirakis, where he advised the Chairman on all aspects of healthcare policy, and as the Health Policy Coordinator for the House Energy and Commerce Committee. Jeremy received his B.S. in industrial and labor relations and M.P.A. from Cornell University. v Contents [Articles] I. The Gaza-West Bank Infrastructural Link 1 Balancing Palestinian Economic Development and Israeli Security by John Davis, Brian Doench Tufts University 23 II. Small Arms Proliferation A New Way Forward by Amanda Riggs George Washington University III. The Making of an Information Technology District 39 The Case of Cluj-Napoca, Romania by Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu Cornell University IV. Forest Law Enforcement and Governance 59 Resolve Needed from All Sides by Matthew R. Auer,* Catherine Karr-Colque,† Jan McAlpine,† Brian Doench‡ * Indiana University, †US Department of State, ‡ Tufts University V. Closing the Gap 71 Homeownership and Racial Inequity by Lauren M. Kennedy Georgetown University VI. Toward a Revaluation of the Respective Roles 87 of Economic and Cultural Values in International Development by Enoch Lambert Cornell University VII. Have Drug Courts Outgrown their 101 Experimental Phase? by Kimberly Lehmkuhl Columbia University vi [Views & Reviews] Low-Income Working Mothers in 119 Tompkins County, New York Who Fills the Gap When the Ends Don’t Meet? by Peggy Arcadi Cornell University The Rising Infl uence of the “Serious” 137 Video Game Medium by Justin W. Nelson Cornell University Interview with Marc Garlasco, 143 Human Rights Watch by H. Aaron Levy Cornell University Book Review: The End of Poverty 153 Economic Possibilities for Our Time by Jeffrey Sachs Matthias A. Brown Cornell University Letter from New Orleans: The Vernal Wood 156 by Clatyon Fuller Cornell University vii I The Gaza-West Bank Infrastructural Link Balancing Palestinian Economic Development and Israeli Security John Davis, Brian Doench Tufts University ABSTRACT Recently completed Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip has provided an important opportunity to design a dedicated infrastructural link between the discontinuous Palestinian regions of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Since both Gaza and the West Bank are integral parts of the Palestinian economy, an unfettered fl ow of people and goods between these two regions could help stimulate economic recovery and growth following four years of confl ict and increased poverty during the second Intifada. The link would provide both a short-term labor-intensive employment project, which could temporarily reduce Palestinian unemployment by 11 percent, and create a long-term asset which will reduce transaction costs associated with the normal movement of labor and goods. The sunken road option, as opposed to the rail, would not only be cheaper and faster to construct, but could also, more signifi cantly, reduce wait times at the border crossing with additional fl exibility of movement en route. Yet the rail option more directly satisfi es Israeli security concerns and will likely have a longer effective lifespan. he recently completed disengagement of Israeli military and ci- vilians from the Gaza Strip provides an important opportunity to Tdesign an infrastructural link between the discontinuous Pales- tinian regions of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
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