Staff Handbook on Natural Gas

Home , Area code 307, Area code 606, Area code 907, Natural gasoline

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 135 637 SE 022 020 AUTHOE Gorges, H. A., Ed.; Raine, L. P., Ed. TITLE Staff Handbook on Natural Gas.

INSTITUTION Office of Energy Programs (DOC) , Washington, D.C. PUB LATE Aug 76 NOTE 113p.; Contains occasional small, light and bi.oken type

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$6.01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Conservation (Environment); Economics; *Energy; *Government Role; *Manuals; *Natural Resources; Planning; *Problem Solving; Refcere(Lce Materials IDENTIIIERS Natural Gas; *Resource Management ABSTRACT The Department of Commerce created a Natural Gas Action GrouF early in the fall of 1975 to assist industrial firms and the communities they serve to cope with the effects of potentially severe and crippling curtailment situations. This action group was trained to assess a specific local situation, review the potential for remedial action and alternate energy sources, and to assist in the inplementation of remedial action plans. This handbook was developed for use by this team in the field and has been updated for the 1976-77 season. The first four sections provide building blocks essential tc the understanding of the problems encounteredCin the development of a strategy. They are:(1) Technical and Physical Data; (2) Governmental Organizations and Procedures;(3) Governmental and Industrial Organizations; and CO The Gas Industry, Alternate Resources, and Industrial Resources. The last section provides a framework for assembling data and assessing and managing a curtailment. A glossary is also included. (RH)

*********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available *

* via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS) . EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** H..; ther suit of the initiative of fer ro,the directorof the Watu.ral Gas A,.: ,^ ccou? f o r the winter 1975-76, xe ptanned .ind organized the first trainingcourse of its in which speakers from industry andgovern- ment presented an overall view of the complexity of thena tural gas industry andi ts role in the

;.:011:11.ry ' s economy .

The..:tibstance of this volumeis thequintesspnce of thiscourse. Ilany people were consulted i!uring thepreparationof the book, Ear too many to mention them individually. The editor.s, H. 11 .

(; or'/co and I,. . Kaine, gratefully acknowledge their contributions and recognize that without their assistance they could not have succeeded.

Particular thanks are due to Linda Scholl ofthe PEA and ;Joe Sol ters of the FEC, who providedthe edi tors with guidance and comment throughout:the preparation of the manuscript .

Although care was taken to eliminateerrors and inconsi stencies, undoubtedly some oversightsmay remain in this fi vs t. edition. The edi tors, therefore, welcome corrections and .sugges Lions for im- (.r:)vements.

3 Staff Handbookon

co, Prepared by 44. Natural Gas Action Group c Office of Energy Programs Domestic & International Business 1'1 rts Of 1'. Administration U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE August 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Office of Energy Programs

,eq". Wa5h:ngton, Dr.202:in 'tiros0,

FOREWORD

When natural gas curtailment proceeds to a point where an industrial firm, or firms, must sharply reduce operations or actually shut down, the impact on the local community--and in some cases on other firms and areas--can be severe: unemployment, direct economic loss to the firm or firms curtailed and, in some instances au least, adverse indirect or ripple effects on other firms and localities.

In some cases, there is little that can be done to mitigate these impacts. But in other cases, speedy, coordinated action can provide alternatives which avoid plant shutdowns and the adverse effects which accompany them.

To sort out the situation and to take positive remedial action calls for effective coordination of talents from many disciplines and interests. To assess the effects of a curtailment, to establish priorities of needs and to implement workable relief measures in a situation of an immediate crisis puts heavy demands on the affected community and' its industry.

The Department of Commerce created a Natural Gas Action Group early in the fall of 1975 to assist industrial firms and the communities they serve to cope with the effects of potentially severe and crippling curtailment situations. This action group, designed to provide a quick reaction capability in a crisis situation, has been trained to assess quickly a specific local situation, review the potential for remedial action and alternate energy sources, and to assist in the implementation of remedial action plans which would be feasible within the provisions of government regulations and options.

The Handbook was developed for the use by this team in the field. Updated for the 1976-77 season, it is designed to contain, in concise and concentrated form, data and information for immediate use in the field. Limited copies are available for others who would find this particular approach helpful in assessing, evaluating or initiating efforts to reduce the impact of gas curtailment on a particular firm or within a given community.

Robert E. Shepherd Director Office of Energy Programs savenergy Contents

Introduction vi

Section1. Technical and Physical Data 1.1 Units 1.1 Conversion Tables 1.2 Energy Equivalents 1.2 Properties of Light Hydrocarbons 1.4 Methane Processes 1.5 LNG Technology.. 1.5 Alternate Fuels: Propane 1.6

Oil . 1.6 1.7 TransportatiCoonalCosts 1.8 Combustion Technology 1.8

Heating Degree Days ... . 1.9 Heating Requirements 1.9 Environmental Protection 1.12

Section2. Government Organizations and Procedures 2.1.1 2.1 Government Agencies Involved in Natural Gas-Related Activities Primary Agencies:

Federal Power Commission (FPC) . 2.1.1 Federal Energy Administration (FEA) 2.1.1

Department of Commerce (DOC) . 2.1.1 Other Agencies 2.1.2 Chart . 2.1.4 2.2FPC Relief Options To Ameliorate Natural Gas Shortages Curtailment Priorities 2.2.1 Definitions 2.2.1 Pipeline Operational Flexibility 2.2.1 Relief Mechanisms 2.2.2 Diagram 2.2.7 2.3 FEA Relief Options to Ameliorate Natural Gas Shortages Alternate Fuels . 2.3 Relief Vehicles 2.3 End-use Categories 2.3.1 FEA Relief Options 2.3.1 Sample FEA Form No. 17 With Attachments 2.3.3 Diagram 2.3.17 FEA Guidelines for Procuring Alternate Fuels . 2.3.18 2.4 Local Relief Options 2.4 Diagram 2.4

iv Section 3. Governmental and Industrial Organizations 3.1

Standard Federal Regions , 3.1 Department of Commerce: Field Offices 3.2 Federal Energy Administration: Regional Offices 3.10 State Government Energy Agencies 3.10 Public Utility Commissions 3.10

Major Trade Associations in Fuels and Processing of Fuels . 3.12 Major Trade Associations (Gas intensive industries) 3.13 Section 4. The Gas Industry, Alternate Resources and Industrial Users 4.1 Consumption by End-users in Quads 4.1 Overview of the U.S. Natural Gas System---, 4.1

Natural Gas Production and Consumption . 4.2 Typical Gas Pipeline System .. 4.3 Gas Utility Industry Pipeline Systems 4.4 Operating Statistics of Major Transmission Systems 4.5 Production and Interstate Shipments 4.5 Gas.Sales by State and Class of Service 4.6 Firm and Interruptible Gas Sales 4.6 Main Line Gas Sales to Industrial Users 4.7 Main Line Sales to Industrial End.users for Some Critical States4.8 Salient Fuel Statistics for Some Critical States 4.9 Gas Intensive Industries by SIC Code. 4.18 Section 5.A Format To Assess and Manage a Curtailment 5.1 Local Data 5.2 Energy Supply Capability 5.3 Demographic Data 5.4 Weather, Heating Demand and Conservation 5.4 General Demand Survey 5.5 Spectrum of the Major Industrial Gas Users 5.6 Curtailment Effect Assessment . 5.7 Record of FPC Remedial Actions 5.8 Record of FEA Remedial Actions 5.8 Summary of Relief Actions . 5.9

Glossary 6.1 The Role of the Provide a quick-reaction capability, a fire-fightingbrigade, within the De- Introduction Department of Commerce partment of Commerce to help amel- in Energy iorate economic hardships that might be suffered in the event of natural gas The Department of Commerce has char- ter responsibilities to foster trade and curtailments during the 1975-76 season. commerce. Recognizing the necessity of maintaining a viable industrial and com- At the same time, provide the Depart- wrciJI basetosustain the Nation's ment and the OEP with an analytical grawing economyin the face ofin- capability that would focus on a vari- creasing costs and diminishing energy ety of natural gas-related problems, sources,theDepartmentisworking generating information useful in deci- closely with industry and business in a sionmaking during potential crisis pe- variety of ways to assist in the mobilize- riods and undertakinig finely focused, ton of the total capability of business quick-look studies as required. and industry to: The NGAG isto serve as an effective Generate and expand sources of en- communication link for the exchange of ergy supply, and in particular assure experiences in solving alternate fuel and rational development of coastal en- conversion problems, disseminating fuel ergy resources. and policy data, evaluating and promot- ing conservation efforts, exploring policy Use energy efficiently in the produc- options, and providing State and local tionprocess, improving productivity input to Federalpolicy. The effective- by reducing energy consumption per ness of the operation is dependent on unit of output. the team's ability to move freely and Design and produce goods that will expeditiously between front-line trenches use energy more efficiently.* and Washington. The Office of Energy Programs (OEP), The team, based in Washington, D.C., is locatedinthe Domestic and Interna- made up of energy, Government, and in- tional Business Administration (DIBA), dustrial specialists, conversant with na- a primary operating unit of the Depart- tionalfuel problems, Government fuel ment,** providesthecentralvehicle policies, relevant legislation, and indus- through which many of these activities trial operations. Itis backed up by the are being accomplished. Among the re- OEP staff,itself, as well as some 100 sponsibilities assigned to OEP are the Departmentindustryandcommodity following: specialists, experienced in working di- Maintaining a current overview of the rectly with business firms and through main elements of energy supply and industrial, trade, and technical associa- demand. tions, and can draw on any of the Com- Working with business and industry merce field representatives located to increase their awareness of and to throughout the United States. promote energy conservation and effi- The NGAG provides assistance and/or ciency. counselling by letter or telephone, in the Developing and evaluating ap- case of simple inquiries, or by going proaches, methods, and programs to into the field, as the need arises. foster energy efficiency. The group'soperationalrequirements Maintaining intimate Haison with keyare supported by a data base, which is energy intensive industries and tradenoncomputerized and centrally located associationstoimplementenergyand consists of systematically filed col- management programs to ensure effi-lections of natural gas-related materials. cient use of energy resources by theThese main files and this handbook, to business community. which thefilesare keyed,willassist Providing technical liaison on energYNGAG members on location to: (1) un- matters with other Department ele-derstand the local situation; (2) develop ments, other U.S. Government agen-insights to the specific locale's sensitivi- cies, and business and industry. ties in allocating energy resources in the The Office of Energy Programs' Naturalface of curtailment;(3) discuss with Gas Action Group (NGAG) was set up inwell-informed local managers the plan- November 1975 in anticipation of im-ning and implementation of action strat- pending natural gas shortages. Thereegies;and(4)performon-the-spot, were two reasons for creating the group:quick-look assessments in an objective manner.

"Department of Commerce Role in Na- tional Energy Policy and Programs," n.d. ** Departmentof Commerce Order 103. "AssistantSecretayforDomestic and International Business," issued May 19, 1976.

vi The Role of the Handbook Clearly, a book of this kind must be of an experimental nature.It tries to fulfill many requirements: serve as a training Whenever a shortfallinenergy occurs aid, as an address book, a technical data and endangers the economic viability of source, a reference to other sources of an industry or community, three tasks information, such as an extensive set of have to be resolved: main files.It will require continuous up- dating as the demandsupply situation 1. Assess the effect of the shortfall in changes and the governmental structure economic terms. withit.Essentially its present form is 2. Develop an energymanagement based on certain concepts as to how a strategy for the duration of the cri- gas shortage will manifest itself, sis, which miniri._es the adverse economic effects. In order to fulfill its role, the Handbook 3. Implement a relief action plan which must be tried and reviewed. It must be will restore "business as usual." as dynamic as the problems to which it addresses itself, In many instances, a prudent management will have anticipated a crisis and will have prepared a contingency plan for the eventuality. In any event, the nature of the problem is complex: beyond the purely technical and economic issues, it requires an up- to-date knowledge of the management, control, and regulation of resources at nationalandlocallevel.No general problemsolving techniques canexist; conditions vary widely from city to city, fromindustrytoindustry,andeven within an industry itself.

Wherever a gas shortage develops,a considerable amount of information will exist on the availability and distribution of resources and their economic output. This Handbook isintended to provide the necessary tools to use this informa- tionin the conduct of the three tasks described above: crisis assessment, crisis management, and relief planning. Naturally the management of this set of tasks cannot be undertaken in a purely quantitative fashion;itrequires judg . ment, and the assignment of priorities is going to be difficultunder the best of circumstances. The last section of th;7 Handbook ,provides a framework which will accommo- date information and data available on the demand-supply situation in the state of equilibrium. A strategy can then be developedafteragreementhasbeen reached on the priorities and the prog- ress can be continuously observed as the relief actions become effective. Itis preceded by four sections which will provide some of the building blocks essentialto the understanding of the problems encountered inthe development of a strategy. They are: Section1: Technical and physical data Section 2:Governmentalorganizations and procedures Section 3:Governmental and industrial organizations. SeC..ion 4:The gas industry, alternate resources and industrial users. A glossary of the terms most frequently 9 encountered foHows the main text. vii Section 1 Units Multiples of Ten Purpose This section presents some of the tech- Technical European U.S. Usage nical issues which are incurred inthe Usage & Prefix Usage management of energy. It addresses itself to questions such as, for example, 10" Quadrillion Billiarde Physical properties of fuels, conver- TERA T 1012 Trillion Billion sionto alternate sources of energy. Aspects of combustion and process GIGA G 109 Billion Milliarde engineering. MEGA M 106 Million Million Heating requirements as a function of weather and enduse. KILO K 103 ,- 1,000 Thousand Contents DECI d 10 1 1/10

The data will provide inputs to the quan- CENTI c 10 2 1/100 titative handling of the following tasks: MILLI m 10 3 1/1,000 Convert physical units from one system to another. MICRO p. 10 6 1/1,000,000 Converttemperature,pressureand energy from the English system to the Thus A: 1 mg = 1/1000 grams (g) metric system. 1 kg = 1000 grams (g) Convert energy from one energy form 1 pg .= 1/1000 mg = 10--6 g to another. Establish physical properties of vari- Exception: Natural gas 1 Mcf= 1000 cu. ft. ous hydrocarbons. 1 MMcf = 1 million cu. ft. Outline processes like the usage of 1 Mcf 1 million Btu methane as a feedstock andcoal gasification. Also 1 quad 1 quadrillion Btu A brief description of an LNG termi. 'For example: U.S. Energy Demand for 1975, 71.1 quads nal. Determine the availability and quality of alternate fuels: propane Units of Measure oil coal International U.S. System Assess the cost involved in transport. System ing energy in various forms. Explain the combustion mechanisms Length In. (inch) 'Pt. (foot) for gaseous and liquid fuels. Area Sq. In. Sq. Ft. Show normal seasonal heating degree day patterns across the United States. Volume Cu. In. Cu, Ft. m3 Establish heating requirements as a Weight lb. 1 (short) ton = 2000 lb. Kg = 1,000 g function of degree days, location and design temperature. Temperature F (R) C (" K) A short review of environmental con- Pressure lb./sq. in. Kg/cm2 siderations. Specific Gravity lb./cu. ft. Kg/m3 Specific Volume Cll.ft./lb. m3/Kg Unit of Heat (Energy) Btu Kcal Unit of Power HP, KW, Btu/hr. KW

Solid Btu/lb. SolidKcal/Kg Heat Content Liquid Btu/gal. Liquid K-,al/dm3 Gas -- Btu/cu. ft. Gas Kcal/m3

Heat (Energy): 1 Estu heats 1 lb. of water by 1°F. 1 Kcal heats 1 Kg of water by 1C. Power Energy per unit of time, e.g., Btu/hr. A standard cu. ft. (scf) refers to a gas at 'itmospheric pressure and 6D'F.

1.1

0 Conversion Tables

Conversion of Thermometer Readings CELritt'sr,1.160u4. kina.m.Eit Conversion of Pressures*

r Pounds per Kilograms Pounds per Pounds per

.40,0 sq, in, to per sq, cm sq. in. to sq. in. to f 5 41,0 40 04.0 ,175 ;147 ; 150 662 -750 1362 kilograms to pounds inches inches -38 -W4 6 42.8 41 ; 105,8 180 156 155 671 800 147t2 per sq. cm per sq. in, -16 -32,8 7 44.6 42 101.6 185 365 160 680 850 1562 mercury water

-33 -29.2 8 46.4 43 109,4 190 174 365 689 900 1652

-32 -25.6 9 412 44 ; 111.2 195 183 370 698 950 1742 1 0,0703 14.22 2.036 27.7

-30 -22,0 10 50.0 45 111.0 200 392 375 707 1000 1812 2 0.1406 28.45 4,072 55.4 -28 -11.1 11 51,8 46 114,8 205 101 380 716 1050 1922 3 0,2109 42,67 6.108 83.1 -26 -11,8 12 53.6 47 116.6 210 110 385 725 1100 2012 4 -21 -11.2 13 55.1 18 118,4 215 419 190 734 1150 2102 0.2812 56,89 8,144 1103 -22 - 7.6 14 57.2 49 120.2 220 428 395 713 1200 2192 5 0.3515 71.12 10,180 138.5

6 0,4218 85.34 12.216 166.2 -.20 1,0 15 59.0 50 122,0 225 137 100 752 1250 2232

-19 - 2.2 16 60.11 55 131.9 230 446 405 761 1300 2371 7 0.4921 99.56 14.252 193.9

-18 - 0,4 17 1 62.6 60 ,110.0 155 110 770 235 1350 2462 8 0,5625 113.8 16.288 221.6 -17 4- 1.4 13 61.4 65 119.0 210 464 415 779 1100 2552 9 0,6328 128.0 18.324 249.3 -16 3.2 19 66,2 70 158.0 215 i 173 120 780 1450 2642

-15 5,0 20 68,0 75 167.0 250 132 125 797 1500 2732 * Example: 1. lb, per sq. in. = 0.0703 kg per sq, cm

-14 6.8 21 69.9 80 176.0 255 191 430 806 1550 2822

-13 8.6 22 71.6 85 185.0 260 500 435 815 1600 2912

-12 10.4 23 71.1 90 191.0 265 509 410 824 1650 1002

-11 12.2 24 75.2 95 203.0 270 518 445 833 1700 3092 Energy Equivalents:

-10 11,0 25 77.0 100 212.0 275 527 150 : 812 1750 1182

- 9 15.8 26 78.8 105' 221.0 280 536 155 851 1800 3272 - 8 17.6 27 80.6 110 230,0 285 545 460 860 1850 3362 1 Btu =0.252 kcal =1,415 HP sec =1.055 KW sec - 7 19.4 28 82.1 115 239,0 290 554 165 869 1900 3152 1 Kcal 3.968 Btu =5.616 HP sec - 6 21.2 29 81.2 120 248.0 295 563 170 878 1950 1 3512 =4.187 KW sec 1 KWh =3,412 Btu i=859.9 Kcal =1.341 HPh - 5 23.0 30 86.0 125 257 0 300 572 175 887 2000 3632 1 HPh =2,544 Btu =641.2 Kcal =0,7457 KWh - 1 21,8 31 87.8 110 266.0 305 581 ea 896 2050 3722

- 1 26.6 32 89,6 135 275,0 110 590 185 905 2100 3812

- 2 28,1 31 91,4 140 284.0 315 599 190 911 2150 3902

93.2 145 195 923 - 1 30,2 31 293,0 320 608 2200 3992 Power Equivalents: 0 32.0 35 95,0 150 302.0 325 617 500 932 2250 4082

36 96.8 626 1022 + 1 31.8 155 311.0 130 550 2300 4172 2 15,6 17 98.6 160 320.0 335 635 600 1112 2350 4262 1 Btu/sec = 1.055 KW = 1.415 HP 3 17.4 38 100.4 165 129.0 340 644 650 1202 2100 4152 1 Kcallsec = 5.616 HP = 4.187 KW I 10,2 30 102.2 170 333.11 345 653 700 1292 2450 4412 1 HP = 0.7068 Btu/sec 1 KW = 0,3478 Btu/sec (IF HAI IN1UtPIII,ITION IN 11IE ABoVE TABLE

I )egrees Celsius. 1 2 11 4 7

Degrees Fahrenheit 1.8 :01 .").1 7,2 11,0 11).S 12,6

Density Equivalents:

From Standard Handbook far Mechanical Engi. 1 g/cm3 = 0.0361b./cu, in, = 62,43 lb,/cu. ft. = 8.345 lb./ gal (USA) T, Baumeiter and L. S. Marks.: 1967 by 1 lb./cu. irk McGraw;Hill. = 27.68glcm2 = 1728 lb,/cu, ft,= 231 lb./ gal Reprinted by yermlission of McGraw.Hill Book 1 lb./cu. ft.= 0.016glcm2 = 0.1337 lb.) gal Company, 1 lb./ gal = 7,481 lb./cu, ft, = .0043 lb.lcu, in. = 1198 g/cm3 t 12 Conversion Taoles Heat Value Equivalents Derivqd From The Use Of British Thermal Unit Heat Values Energy Unit Conversion Chart 41.11=1111111m1V #wswalmmrowormwpmffmImicasow

111 (2) 13) Cubic feet Barrels Short tons British Kilowatt hours natural gas oil bituminous coal thermal Electricity

Alternate Fuel Approximate BTU Content Heat Value (CF) (Bbl) (T) units (Btu) (KINHR) Equivalent of 1 Mcf 0.000293 of natural gas 0.293 11000 c.f) 1 0,00018 0,00004 1000

3.41 0,00061 0,00014 3413 1

0.04 1 million 293 and Oil 39,000 per gal. 7,5 gals, 1000 (1 MO 0,18 0.14 3.41 million 1000 (1 Mr) z4 Oil 14000 per gal, 6,9 gals, 3413 0,61 0,22 5.6 million 1640 ;5, ;6 Bunk 5600 1

1 25 million 7325 Residual 0 150,000 per gal, 6,9 gal 25,000 4.46 1 million 11 MMcfl 180 40 1 billion 293,000 Propane 91,000 per gal, 11,4 gal: 1 million (1 GVIhrl 3,41 million 610 140 3,41 billion LNG 54,000 per gal. 19.2 gals, 293 million 1 billion (1 bcf) 180,000 40,000 1 trillion Coal ANTHRACITE: 1 trillion II tcf) 180 million 40 million 1 quadrillion 293 billion 25,400,000 per short ton 0,041 short ton, BITUMINOUS: 26,200,000 per short ion 0,040 short ton, Lignite 11,000,000 per short ton 0.094 short ion, Electricity 10.500 per KWH 99 KWH.

vommerivisupg

Crude Distillate Residual L'quefied AnthraciteBituminous Natural Petroleum Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Pet. Gas Coal Coal Gas Dry COST EQUIVALENTS (42 Gal. 142 Gal. 142 Gal, 142 Gal. (Short Tun)(Short Ton) (1000 cu, ft) Barrel Barrel) Bartell Ba.rel)

Crude Petroleum 42 Gal, Bbl. equals 0.228 0,221 5.604 0.996 0.923 1,4411 If natural gas costs Anthracite Coal Short Ton equals 4,379 0,969 24,541 4,361 4,040 6,333 1 $1Mcf then the Bituminous Coal same amount of and Lignite Short Ton equals 4.517 1,031 - 25.314 4.498 4.167 6.532 energy is delivered Natural Gas-Dry 1000 Cu. Ft. equals 0,178 0.041 0,040 0.178 0,165 0,258 at the same price if Distillate Fuel Oil 42 Gal. Bbl, equals 1,004 0.229 0,222 5.628 0,927 1,452 propane costs 8,84Igal, Residual Fuel Oil 42 Gal, Bbl. equals 1,084 0,248 0,240 6,074 1.079 - 1.567 oil costs .14 $igal, Liquefied Petrole. or 5.88 $11abl, um Gas 42 Gal, Bhl. equals 0,692 0.158 0,153 3,875 0.689 0,638 electricity costs 1,0 mil/kwh B,T,U, Heat Values As Used By Bureau of Mines 1000s 5,800 25,400 26,200 1,035 5,825 6,287 4,011

Other Refined Products' 13,T,11, Values ((000s); Gasoline 5,218; Kerosene 5,670; Lubricants 6,064.8; Wax 5,537,3; Asphalt 6,636:Natural Gasoline 4,62(1 Per 42 Gallon Barrel. Properties of Light Hydrocarbons

Composition of Typical Natural Gases* Physical Properties of Light Hydrourbons*

Metluol F.thate Pw)szeIsubutsoe 1141.44 Plotuo

rolm 01gm.tu fl 375 1 371 0 371 365 7 365.4. 58 12 811,14(41uwrigit of iu 16 et Al 07 44 09 58.12 72 15 141 tfil 6 4: 9 64 10 41 11 38 11.94 13 71 S'0 1177 1214 1211, 1241 1;76 1 i't$ 141cetir! % ,21 1tripbt: cuboo 74,89 79 153 81,72 01.66 bydruon 25 12 20.12 18 28 17,14 17.34 Specific way. 0.63, (Illiquid (oiler I) 0 248 0 371 0 306 0 563 0.581 t,77 6 f2 4 1It 6,, I 1(4 1 1 71)4 071 '12 I 'it, 7; 93 Of liquid, .4.1'.1 3401 117 147 183 111

0 333 1.048 1 310 1 077 2.084 2440 1 1ff I7 27 1) ') f,4 1 fi 1 0 it Of iu

0 2 7 I 0 h 1 1 1 7 11 2 I 11 0 0 2.51 5 145 4.231 4.694 4 1371 5 250 39.69 38.28 30.85 31.46 11.61 e I 11 59 01 0 1 0 0 1 't .t 8 6 111 0 1 1 II 0 0 Cu lc 944r4t1 1,11310 Cu, ft. pATIAItttutd. 24.3 12 50 15.55 6.10 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 6 I II 11 4 2 1 0 ; 229.3 137,8 207 0 Wm, pieyultitIlt yulumel 4431 291.4 172.7 -1281 -43 7 10.9 $1.1 91 1 1 1 1 , I I I 11(1 -159 11 1 1 r 16,611 boling Nut Nuttoobitto proutt. 11 1 0.0 II 6 2; !kit wifur trcrotoo: (Jo 7r It 0 ; UI 4013 11 1 11 1 11 2 / Ill 3,163 3161 11.t,u ;Au. It. gos 1,011 1,766 2,54 23,085 21,321 21,560 4,712 11,100 21,110 0 11 1I11r 01111' 011 0,t.u./11t. htitud Tr 0 11' 0 2 Tr 1(0,7)0 102,0 110,600 H.t.u./01.110111. 70,210 11,100

11 .1 2 0 2 0 0 0 ; 01 Yip remirr,lb,intu 0 -9 -12 -14 h 11 12 0 4 7 At -441. 89 I 17 .11 2 2 09' 0 17 1 : 27 9 111 12 -7 -11 At 206 53 F 'Fr I r 'Fr 'Fr Fr Tr 141 54 17 9 -II 11 ; I t 1 11 At 331 565 124 45 11 11 Tr II Tr Tr At 701 III 11 0 Ir Ir Ill r 7(0 166 n' AAtt 99'100F 1111 I) 11 I 0 I 11 0 189 0 1 o2 0 0 II 0 111 27) 1 111 0 1 I 2 I 114 II 0 ! 111 11 1 1 .0 .) 346 AA ti 1101 0 1 o I o 1 2 1 Ir Tr Tr 111.111 61 'Fr 'I', I latent hitt of vopurattoo it 44ilto4 167 151 111 III 185 I% io41 1010 1117 1 11141 Old 13.t.u./16 11162 '178 11111 788 1°41 '61 0122 Ht!,t1trt; vAittt.1 551 664 185 741 801

I LI. %I. f 1,, 4mei6t hest: 1 IA01 4111pIt. 0,360 0,549 01 liquid, at C, tocl 40E, B.1,u./(14.1.1. 0.730 UM 0,306 0.406 0.3% 0.402 Up, C, (CF., 6,1,u./11h.1(1.). 0.516 0.418 0.316 0.402 0.147 0.346 0 373 0.363 Ir 1161 617'fr Of 041, It C, tpd 06'F DLL/11111'Ft).

,11 p 2151. 611 ;r44,11111. Not11III, ct1.11 ;ftt-1;61 ,4.r I', tIr!,!, 01 I AO Ttl 11, '101116611 Aid lith 111t6 Awl Comlohnott IlAtA1104

IWed) to7 r:Ii..)111It lur iimokt.d inrthaili. liord '10.flel I4,11'

. T 4. i . 4 --, __. I I

V t t

i 4 .

. 1 L.

, Examples:

1 i:i (1) Natural gas (methane) at t 1 atmospheric presure liquefies 1 ,1 at 258'F, ( .161 C,),

, (2) Propane at ElF,can exist in \ 4-4- IN the liquid phase at a pressure ! _ of about 115 psi absnli Ito or 100 psi gauge,

+ i, Atmospheric

, Pressure .. 10 1

I 4 _ . .- , 4 4 1 - ...... I I - ._

......

1 , I- 4 4 4 I--

i ...... 4 4 4 ...

I .. I , !!!-

1,0 Front Chemical Engineers' Handbook, P, IIrerry .1J-t Li0 00 0 .10 HO 11!;) 200 240 2130 and C. H. Chillon, 1973 by McGraw.Hni, Reprinted ny permission of Mcnraw,Hi:!Boot, Trpell(re ne.es Company, 16 lour 1 701 7I 1(111!., Methane Processes 1. Methane as Feedstock 2. Methane From Coal Coal Gasification CO WASTE. H 5 CA TAl OrIC Shirr 1 I(,S --VW' PURIFICATIONI --111. ORGANIC CONVERSION A ------PRODUCT S

Ck L1.1.11.051 1 PwOUIJC CATALYTIC 00140CARBUN 1.:0AL HYDROGASIFICAT ION I ME THANA I ION

1 ..i ! Y.I,L STEAM HEAT '..t SNG

,,OL AI trq ONINATE D LTHVLINL From Riegel's Handbook of Industrial Chemistry Colt OW(1 At-A IMF by J. Kent, ,0) 1974 by Litton Educational Pub. lishing, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Van "NI Ac,i',t'C Nostrand Reinhold Company,

LNGTechnology LNG Properties: Typical capaPility of an LNG terminal Boiling point at 1 atmosphere (storage ;.17.TicPoint., Maryland). temperature) 259°F. d trer$,:liar rate ship to storage: Liquid density at boiling point: 00 gpr.7 S:g .c1.4:iaoility: four tanks, 24.47 lb./ cft. Heat of vaporization Jtboiling point: 1:5310,01.5 c.ti. each Van,r)riz.. rate (combustion and waste 5,800 Btu / cft. Heating value: 1,020 Btu / cft. t / day Gas to liquid ratio: 625 to 1

Conversion Factors for LNG (rounded for 1 MMBtu/cft.)

Gal. Cu. Ft. Cu, Ft. Million L iuud Liquid L iquid Gas' Liquid Schematic of an LNG Storage Facility Btu cu ft tqwd 0011 III 78t 7,479 625.4 1 0.6254 1 bbl. 0 061,4 I 12 3,512 5.615 ,3,512

1 gal. liquid 0 02.381 1 83.62 1. 0.1337 1 -0.08362

I cu. It gas 10 91 284 8 11,9:,0 10^ 1,599 1,0-00 018'11 I nunion Btu 02040 11.9t. 1,000 I 1,599 1

1,5 Alternate Fuels 1 (Propane)

A Generalized LPG System

r t' r ,..,7 L 1 ___..] [_ J s r ilr-:' 1

Pure LPG must be vaporized before mixing vvith air orbaturatgas. OotICIIIS at ntrodec,ng LPG to the End User.

Pare LPG

Vapor,tecl LPS. attrlett to II,Itorjlg.15 !60000 +50000

150oon 140000

oo ......

t 140000 110000

".;

130000 ...... Alternate Fuels 2 t 120000 ..... 110000 (Liquid Fuels)

o '10e00 Analyses and High Heat Values of Crude Petroleum, loo,n; Typical Distillates, and Fuel Oils 100000 0 10 20 3r 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 PI gravity PrAurt r 105 0550a5 J80 075 070 065 = '-.--: I' ,t,"3 '?., , - c 1 II s N 0 Spec,f,C at 60.../601-

22.8 Cnlif-rain rvido 01917 7.616 18.910 84.00 12.70 0.75 1.70 1.20 22.1 0.421 7.670 14.t51) 84.15 11.00 1.90 0.45 t1.K1,11,whit 31.3 0.869 7.236 19 102 85.70 13.11 0.40 0.30 Ok1610mri cr.,.!, 11 0 0.871 7.255 19 486 85.00 12,90 0.76 1'011,10,Am,, crylo 42.6 0.815 6.769 i9.505 86.06 13.88 0.06 0.00 0.00 30.2 0,875 7.286 19,460 85.05 12.30 1.75 0.70 0.00 V. Ymtuttg 31.5 0.868 7.228 19.510 11,stotIn 13.6 0.975 8.120 18.755 83.70 10.20 4.1i (k5,,hne 67.0 0.7)3 5.935 84.3 15,7 t-tantlint, 60,0 0.739 6.152 20 750 84.90 14.76 0.08 t rtri.,lawhentow 11.m.1 46.3 0.796 6.627 88.3 11.7 IC.,,r.rone 41.3 0.819 6.819 19.810 1;AA 52.5 0,861 7.186 19.200 Fir) ml \lee 11.9 0,987 8.220 18.510 84.02 10.0h 4.95 27.1 0.892 7,418 19.376 85.62 11.1, 0.35 0,50 0.60 } lei col1'ttlIt. 16.7 0.95547.956 18.835 84.67 12,I6 i.16

f rom 1'14.0,,c.t1 11,11,014101,k,11,t.tPetry C :11Itor, 1.1'1 0,, McCo.1VIti111 [took COluoarly

1.6 Alternate Fuels 3

(Coal) BTU LB

CALORIFIC 15 ... VALUE 14 13 \ 12 li 10 9 o o .-. o Co

LO LO --I Cr) (/)

Lu I_Li. =I 61)E no n 2 0 , asz uj (1,'

-J CU 1.0

ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS COLORADO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY EAST KENTUCKY WEST MARYLAND MISSOURI MONTANA NEW MEXICO NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA PENNSYLVANIA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE IIIIII5 TEXAS UTAH VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIR3INIA WYOMING Transportation Costs Costs for Energy Transportation In the assessment of alternate fuels, be it on a contingency basis or in an emer- 20 gencysituation,transportationcosts may add substantially to the costs of (L) energy available to the end-user. Other restrictions,,such as lack of trucks or rolling stock can further add to the costs of energy at the point of entry. Zb- ELECTRICITY, 700 KV, A.C. Ti.efollowing graph(excerptedfrom 0- Hottel and Howard; "New Energy Tech- ^ nology," MIT Press, 1974) is intended to assist in the assessment of the rela- 0 tive costs to transport energy. The val- LC' 4 ues shown here apply to large flow rates, COAL CONVENTIONAL RAIL but will serve as a useful guide, parti. I o larly in rural areas. a) COAL, UNIT TRAIN GAS PIPELINE 0c.n COAL, PIPELINE COAL, INTEGRAL TRAIN 1 0 OIL, PIPELINE 17- LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, SH o 0.6 a_ z 0.4 cc n1i 11111111 u 200 400 600 800 1000 DISTANCE TRANSPORTED (MILES)

Combustion Technology

Gaseous Fuels Air register Air Gaseous fuels are easily dispersed or register mixed with the combustion air. Gas and air can be mixed prior to igni Gas tion; such premix burners are suitable supply for natural draft or forced draft applica Gas- Gas ring outlet Ignition tion. Premix burners very often depend holes tube Gas- on a carburetor, which maintains or con outlet trols a ratio of gas to air as a function ignition holes tube Gas of the load. (Proportioning.) supply In nozzle-mix burners air and gas are combined in the combustion zone. The following figures show a few examples of nozzlemix burners. (a) Blunt Pipe (b) Small Ring

Air register

Gas- Gas outlet Gas- holes outlet supply Gas supply htles Igrwl:)n subc loterJi Spicier fan Gas ring -nembc, ..1anabolk. P11, Perry ,lrb' (MO!, , v Mcnniw-1.1111 ReV, ..ed by 0,-.014, on 0' McGraw.Hill 900k ComrIY. (d) Turbine (c) Large Ring

1.8 2 0 Liquid Fuels Liquid fuels are vaporized or atomized Secondary air in the combustion air. Provision can be made for preheating the fuel, either in the burner or some separate equipment. The following figures show a few config- Oil urations for various oil pressures, air (or (a) steam) pressures, and fuel flow rates. (a) Pressuretypevaporizingburner Primary (small applications only). whirling vanes Steam Primary air (b) High pressure H.m or air (d) ing burner. or air 1=r711 1 (c) Horizontal rotary-cup atomizing oil 4 burner. Returned oil (d) Low pressure air-atomizing burner, Oil 30'290' (b) variable pressure type. t's7,' (e) Mechanical or oilpressure atomiz- (e) ing burner (return flow type). Mounting hinge Adjustable (f) Complete mechanical or oil-pressure registers atomizing burner unit. Motor

Oil

Oil Oil pump Wind Air Air box deflectors

From Chemical Engineers' Handbook, P. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton, 1973 by McGraW.Hill. Reprinted by permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Fuel consumption per degree daysNormal Degree Days and Design Outside Temperatures for 1000 BTU h design heat loss (Note--a11 readings are tit the airport rxeept threw marked t which are in the city) (Abstracted from A NIIRA E Guide and Data Book)

Degree Design Degree Design Gas days, outside days, outside State City State rity, Sept. 1 temp. sew.. l- temp. 70.F inside May ,11 deg May 31 deg F Oil O'F outside Maska .1tineati 8.088 5 Mont. I Mena 8.250" 39 l. Ilirtnitigham 2.780 12 N Phr. . Otnalui 6.160 17 1.698 36 Nee... Reno 6,016. 3 Little Roek 2.982 8 N.II. 'oricord 7.612* 11 rah( San FrIt111.14ro 3.421 37 Trenton t 5.068 2 I )envor 6.132' 12 N.Mex. Albuquerque 43149 8 ( 'onn Ilari ford 6.119 -2 N.V. Ne% York t 5,050 5 I 1 Washington 4.111 10 Raleigh 1.169 14

60 70 80 Fla. jacksonville 1.243 28 N.Dak. ' Bismarck 9.011" 11 % Utili7ation Efficiency 1 Atlanta 2,826 (thiP I leVf.11111,1 Ii I Ilonohilii hI. .. 1.647 Iditho Boise 5.890. 10 0.311,1 4.642T , Chicitg 6.110 11 Ilttrrptherg 4

01 2', 1 Ind InditinaHdis 1 I l'r..\ 'deficit loa I tca NI,a nes 446' inI t 19 Laii4 Folieha 206 Ittipel Cot 22

Relative heating requirements 1 to114, Teen. : N,pdivilte Sii 1 I,{17 Fert \Vt,rtt: 2.161 8 per degree day per unit space Ia °aro, Fiat!. 7.()S rtah , Salt 1.310. City 5.A66 N1.1 .re 4.787 8 11,ittlagh.e 7,;165. 17 :11R44 Ito., ),741 0 1,415 11 Apartmentss reference) Nlicl,, 4 6.m52" 16 Nlino NtInne., .4 2 1. let 5.71,

2,000 I Rimks .10 to .60 4,09 iwy 19

trogro, r -war, year Retail Stores 15 to .35

Trom StIndavl ok foi Etim Hotels .65 to .90 1. '-'arks. 196' r`.4 et...fa wild Reprinted tw or .0.3.no, nook Office Buildini7:, 45 to .60

1.9 ;20' 115° thr -7000 .1,80001 0628 I 7

Sp, , 10000

'illiston

1000 000 0 ismarck Fargooit , 10824

1 000 7 (

ron

9000 'he North Platte ----- Lincoln 3°00 1bi5

Dodge C.

200

Arnari Oklahoma City 150

!So

41 Port Worth Abilene

Definition of Degree Days

Each DegrtP dechnahon

ht:w F outdonr torn;.,111litr. 2000 now p! I / Del RiolSanAn ! . Day / 500

,1 254 ',",;)er.lhat, `)(1 ,Anah, 1,, Dav,. )- .,.!rns ratind fuel con-qinh)!,h, Z;) ttle n..rr:wr [)',r..f, [).iv

ir 9 4 9.) 9 85° 80° 75° 70°

nternational Falls 10000

Duluth

Minneapolisf

ue4.- Detroit Des Moines

I C-9.1.-111?1-11.13-u""--j1-1-;:--1--"-::::.., .Springfield;..indianapo'lis .,-/ to 1 \ °1-16:::)0t.Was ,Kansas C ..." .., St.Louis? ../ Lengto .- \ ir ') 5000._...\11:16:ai..:.;ohrt9kk.. f. Me xvm `a IPsh -Rattera

1-.--"\;s7ixralngton ,Niemphis ,1 Columbia le Ito ta '4\charlesto!I I rirminegnarn 000

:Shrevc.p()rt 2sJ a CkAOn

NORMAL SEASONAL HEATING DEGREE DAYS--BASE 65°F

95' 90" 85° 80° 75° Environmental Protection

The major environmental concern ofNational Air Fossil-fueled the handbook user wiH be in the areaQuality Standards: Steam Generators: of air quality control. As an example. Primary standards provide an ade-Since this particular emission source emission standards may limitthequate safety margin to protect publicis the most likely one to be encoun- utilization of specific alternate health; secondary standards protecttered,the emission standards are available. Only abasic outlineis pubhc welfare from unknown or an-cited here as a very important ex- given here. For other issues such asticipated effects from a pollutant. ample. For other industries such as effluent standards. refer to me ap- Portland Cement. See CFR 40. propriate sections of CFR 40.

Air Quality Standards Emission Standards for Pollutant Fossil- Fueled Fired Steam Primary Secondary Generators ------,.ilfur SO microgramsicubic meter 1300 micrograms/cubic meter 0.80 lb./million Btu derived Oxides (S0,) (.03 ppm) annual arithm, mean (.5 ppm) maximum 3 hrs. from liquid fossil fuel 365 micrograms/cubic meter once a year 1.20 lb./million Btu derived (.14 ppm) maximum 24 hrs. from solid fossil fuel once a year

Particulates 75 micrograms cubic meter Max. 0.10 lb. per million Btu annual geom. mean derived from fossil fuel 260 rpicrograms, cubic meter 20% opacity; 40% permis- maximum 24 hrs. once a year sible for 2 min./hour

C 0 10 milhgramsi cubic meter (9 ppm) maximum 8 hrs. once a year 40 milligrams cubic meter (35 ppm) max.num 1 hr. once a year Petrochemical Oxidants 160 micrograms/cubic meter (0.08 ppm) maximum 1 hr. once a yr. Hydrocarbons 160 micrograms, cubic meter (.24 ppm) maximum 3 hrs. once a yr.

Nitric 100 micrograms/cubic meter (.05 ppm) annual arithrn. mean 0.20 lb./million Btu derived Oxides (NO,) from gaseous fossil fuel 0.30 lb,/million Btu derived from liquid fossil' fuel 0.70 lb./million Btu derived from solid fossil fuel

CFR 40; ;50.1 -- 11 CFR 40;60.40 44

2 4 ergy reserves,supply and demand, and Section 2 related economic data; coordinates with Section 2.1 State andlocalgovernments,- industry, and the public on energy resources man Government Organizations Federal Agencies Involved agement. and Procedures in Natural Gas-Related Office of Conservation & Environment U.S. Post Office Bldg. Purpose Activity Benjamin Franklin Station This section outlines theroles of the There are a number of Federal agencies Washington, D.C. 20461 FederalGovernment(particularlythe involved in one facet of natural gas-re- Prepares and implements energy conser- FPC and the FEA) and State and local lated activity or another to which one vationprograms; conducts research on governments in supplying natural gas or can go for information (see the chart methods of conservation. suffering alternatefuelsto end-users "Federal Agencies Engaged inNatural OfficeofIntergovernmental & Re- from the effects of natural gas short- Gas-Rdated Activity" on page 2.3). For gional Relations ages.Itprovidesthereader with an the purpose of aiding end-users suffer- 2000 M St., N.W. overview of those Federal agencies po- ingcurtailmentdifficulties, however, Washington, D.C. 20506 tentially useful in securing energy-rela- only three of these, the Federal Power Functions as liaison between the 10 reted information and guidance, describes Commission (FPC), the Federal Energy gionaloffices and Washington andbe- available FPC relief avenues for securing Administration (FEA), and the Depart- tween the FEA and other energy-related natural gas supplies, addresses the vari- ment of Commerce (DOC), are of pri- Federal, State, and local agencies. ous procedures for acquiring alternate mary importance. Among the rest there Office of Policy & Analysis fuels via the FEA, and briefly discusses are some that are more useful than U.S. Post OfficeBldg. anddisplaysvarious informallocal others. The more relevant are listed be- Benjamin Franklin Station measuresforalleviatingnaturalgas low,. along with appropriate addresses, Washington, D.C. 20461 shortages. telephone numbers, and brief descrip- Develops, coordinates, and evaluates tions (as needed). agency policies and programs: operates Contents the agency's energy data systems; coor- Primary Agencies dinates quantitatve and economic impact Nat- 2.1 Federal Agencies Involvedin FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION (FPC) analyses and energy forecasting;incor- ural Gas-Related Activity 825 North Capital St., N.E. porates Office of Oil & Gas and Office of Chart Washington, D.C. 20426 Energy Data & Analysis. 2.2 FPC Relief Optionsto Ameliorate (202) 386-6102 Office of Resource Development Natural Gas Shortages Developsand implements regulations U.S. Post Office Bldg. Diagram governing the interstate functions of the Benjamin Franklin Station natural gas and electric power industries, Washington, D.C. 20461 2.3 FEA Relief Options to Ameliorate including licensing, economic, and other Natural Gas Shortages Develops and implements programs and types of research, and data compilation policiesto achieve national energy self- Diagram on jurisdictional companies. FEA Guidelines for Procuring Alter- sufficiency through increased production Bureau of Natural Gas and utilization of domestic energy sources nate Fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear 17 (with 825 North Capital St., N.E. Sample FEA Form No. Washington, D. C. 20426 fuels); develops policies and programs to attachments) facilitatesiting,licensing, and construc- Regulates natural gas companies, includ- tion of domestic energy facilities. 2.4 Local Relief Options ingproducersandpipelinecompanies Diagram engaged ininterstate transportation and National Energy Information Center saleof natural gas for resale;certifies U.S. Post Office Bldg. construction of interstatepipelinefacili- Benjamin Franklin Station ties; investigates and regulates rates and Washington, D.C. 20461 other charges as established in interstate Serves as national central clearinghouse transactions;certifiesliquefiednatural for energy information(production, im gas importation; and maintainsinternal ports, and supplies of petroleum, gaso- summaries of data filedby natural gas line, and other petroleum products). companies. (For FPC publications and reports, con- (For FEA publications and reports, consult sult main file.) main file.) FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC) 14th & Constitution Ave., N.W. (FEA) Washington, D.C. 20230 U.S. Post Office Bldg. Benjamin Franklin Station (202) 783.9200 Washington, D.C. 20461 Reviews impact of specific energy-related actions on business and industrial com- (202) 3936400 munity; assists commercial/industrial en Develops and coordinates domestic and terprisesto develop and implement en- foreignpoliciesastheyrelatetothe ergy conservation programs; participates management of energy resources; devel in forroulation of energy pohcies. ops and implements programs to meet energy shortages,includingfuelalloca Bureau of the Census tion,rationing,andsurcharges; plans 14th & Constitution Ave., N.W. and promotes energy conservationpro- Washington, D.C. 20230 grams; develops energy price regulations; Collects and disseminates statistical infor- prepares guidelines for the import/export mation pertaining to population, housing, of energy resources; develops policies and agriculture, irrigation, drainage, construc programs directedtoward attainingna- tion, foreign trade, manufacturers, mineral tionalsifirsufficiency;assembles,evalu- industries, transportation arid activities of ates,and analyzesinformationon en oil and gas field operators, petroleum re

2. 1. 1 r:ners. dealers, service stations, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin- Procures fo7,1 dealurs. and petroleum importers and bulk and packaged petroleum Auorters. istration products and coalformilitaryservices Washington Science Center and Federal agencies:collects data on Domestic& InternationalBusiness 6010 Executive Blvd. availabilityofminerals for defense pur- Adrrunistratiim Rockville, Maryland 20852 poses. 14th & Constitution Ave., N.W. Generates geomagnetic. seismolog'cal. me- Office of Installation & Logistics Washington, D.C. 20230 teorological, aeronomic, and oceano- The Pentagon Manages DOC's domestic/international in- graphic data. Washington, D.C. 20301 dustrial.trade,investment, andrelated Environmental Data Service Provides guidance on availability of petro- e.orium::activities;preparesindustrial leum products from industry under peace- rhol,il.zation readiness plans (energy con- 3300 Whitehaven St., N.W. Washington. D.C. 20235 time and wartime conditions;conduct,. .e..,ervat,j11, supply demand,energyeffi- statistical studies on consumption of ar encyj. Serves as a focal point for NOAA's techni- forms of energy at Defense Supply Agency Bureau of Domestic Commerce cal and scientific information and activi- field activities (electric power natural gas, 14th & Constitution A o, N.W. ties;operates national data centers for propane,oil,coal,gasoline, and diesel geodetic, geomagnetic, seismological, me- fuel). Vo'ashington, D.C. 2023.) teorological,aeronomit,oceanographic, analyzes, maintains data on U.S. ocean mining and solar and wind energy Army Corps of Engineers industries (production,pricing,inventor- data. Forrestal Bldg. ies, marketing, labor. financing, taxation, National Technical Information Serv 1000 Independence Ave., S.W. and ionation arid size of companies); dis Washington, D.C. 20314 seminates information on Crude petroleum ice 5285 Port Royal Road Designs constructs and administers Army and natural gas, natural gas liquids, pe- petroleum and natural and liquefied petro- trolemnrefining, Springfield, Virginia 22151 lubricatingoils and leum gas storage.and distribution systems. greases, and coal mining. Serves as central repositoryfor govern- (For DOD and relevant service-generated Bureau of Economic Analysis ment-funded R&D reports;maintainsa publications and reports, see main files.) 14th & Constitution Ave., N.W. computer data base of abstractsin 37 Washington, D.C. 20230 categories,including areaplanning and ENERGY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT development, atmospheric sciences, earth Studiesalternativeenergytechnologies,.sciences, energy conversion, environmen- ADMINISTRATION (ERDA) .their current and capital account struc- talpollution and control,materials sci- Washington, D.C. tures, compiles data on production/quan- ences, propulsion and fuels, safety engi- (202) 376-4000 tity valr,e i, type of fuel, expenditures by emi neering and protection,and transporta- Exercises central responsibility for policy 1,,,penditures by type of fuel and tion. planning, coordinacion, support, and man- icy inl,.:try for domestic and international agement of R&D forall energy sources trade. (For DOC publications and reports, consult main files.) andutilization technologies; encourages Office of Energy Programs and conducts research, development, and 14th & Constitution Ave., N.W. demoristration for the extraction, conver- Washington, D.C. 20230 sion, storage, transmission, and utilization Other Agencies phase; engagesinsupporting environ- Encourages and assists the business and mental, biomedical, physical, and safety industrial community to achieve immedi- DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ate and significant energy savings and to (USDA) research; conducts conservation R&D pro. develop a more permanent conservation 14th & Independence Ave., S.W. grams, including automotive power sys- ethic: tems, end-use consumption technologies, . serves asa department authority Washington, D.C. 20250 and improving energy efficiency. on energy sources and supplies, primarily (202) 655-4000 oil, gas. and coal; participates in develop- (For ERDA reports and publications, con- Conducts programs in research, conserva- sult main files.) ingPlans andprogrrunstoimplement tion, rural development, and land manage- Project independerv:e: reviews the impact ment to meet U.S. energy needs; monitors ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION of specdic Vedera: energy,related actions, food andagriculture fuels; cdm piles AGENCY (EPA) includint; allocat,n, on business and in- 401 M St., S.W. dustry. monthly estimates of gasoline and diesel fuel demand by State. Washington, D.C. 20460 Office of Industrial Mobilization (For USDA publications and reports, con- (202) 755-2673 14th & CT:nstitution Ave., N.W. sult main files.) Seeks to minimize environmental impact Washington, D.C. 20230 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD) of energy production and consumption by Assures idequate supply of strategic and The Pentagon integration of a variety of research, moni- cribcal matermar:-; for war-supporting activi- Washington, D.C. 20301 toring, standard-setting, and enforcement ties and in;:ase of national emergency. (202) 545.6700 activities (allowable air and water pollu- National Bureau of Standards tion from energy production). Advises on energy policy formulation and Washinittnn, D.C. 20234 implementation: maintains programsfor FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC) DevelopsMeasurementmethods/stand determiningfuture fuel requirements, bth & Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. arils on ei,rgy. advanced conversion, los planning and Implementing a conservation Washington, D.C. 20580 sil and syntHetic fuels. program, arul evaluating fuel needs. (202) 963-1110 Center for Building Technology Defense Advanced Research ProjectsConducts investigations into the competi- Washington, D.C. 20234 Agency tiveavailability frof alternativeenergy Collectsdataonpetroleurn,petroleum 1400 Wilson Blvd. sources, acquisitions of coal reserves by products. coal,natural gas, hydropower, Arlington, Virginia 22204 oilcompanies, and petroleum marketing and nuclear energy: assists the public and Conducts researchin energy technology practices (service station lease limitations, other I eileral ;igencies iii obtaining docu- (includingmissionrequirements,plans dealer coercion, vertical price fixing, and words; disseminates energy conservation arid operations, supply and demand, allo. reciprocity); conducts studies relating to information in building construction corn. cations, R&D, conservation and the com energy industry structure, munity, ceptual design of a system to meet these GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION needs). Cryogenic Data Center (GSA) E3oukler. Colorado 80302 Defense Supply Agency 18th & F StS., N.V/. Operates information servicetor cryoge Cameron Station Washington, D.C. 20405 nics. Alexandria, Virginia 22314 (202) 343-1100 2.1.2 Manages public utility services; develops Office of Land Use & Water Planning Office of Pipeline Safety efficient and economical methods of trans 18th & C Sts., N.W. 400 7th St., S.W. porting fuels and supplies needed in oper . Washington, D.C. 20240 Washington, D.C. 20590 ation of energy producing racilities; con . ducts energy studies to determine type Focuses on energy extraction, conversion, Promulgates/enforcessafetyregulations and sourceofenergyforseatingand and transport issues relating to resource for gas distribution systems. cooling new buildings. allocation in land use and water planning. (For DOT reports and publications, consult main files.) Federal Preparedness Agency Bureau of Mines 18th & F Sts., N.W. 18th & C Sts., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20405 Washington, D.C. 20240 Develops policies and plans for civil de Conducts research on mining, processing fense preparedness; monitors the emer and utilization of minerals and .energy re- gency availabilityof such resources as sources, and energy economics. materials, industrial capacity, transporta . Office of Energy tion, and communications. 18th & C Sts., N.W. (For GSA reports and publications, consult Washington, D.C. 20240 main files.) Conducts research processing and utilization of petroleum, natural gas, coal, shale DEPARTMENT DF THE INTERIOR oil, and helium; coordinates activities of (USDI) seriesofnational research centers and 18th & C Sts., N.W. laboratories. Washington, D.C. 20240 National Petroleum Council Seeks optimal development offuel and 1625 K St., N.W. nonfuel mineral resources; manages fed- Washington, D.C. 20006 erallyowned energy and mineral resources Performs resource analyses and projec- in the public interest; collects, analyzes, tions (marine petroleum resources, petro and disseminates scientific, technical, eco . leum storage capacity, short-term energy nomic data for continuing appraisal of re . conservation potential, emergency prepar source availability and demand; adminis edness for interruption of petroleum im- ters programs dealing with oil shale devel- ports, and factors affecting U.S. petroleum opment,geothermal energy, Northern exploration, development, and production), Great Plains coal resources, and coal-fired electrical generating plantsinthe Four (r-or USDI reports and publications, con Corners arca, sult main files.) Office of Energy & Minerals 18th & C Sts., N.W. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMIS- Washington, D.C. 20240 SION (SEC) 500 North Capital St. Administers plans and programs for the maintenance of an adequate supply of Washington, D.C. 20549 solid fuels to meet essential civilian and (202) 755-1200 military requirements under partial or full Regulates public utility holding company mobihzation(assemblesand evaluates systems. data on materials, equipment, manpower, transportation, electric power, and other SMALL BUSINESSADMINISTRATION requirements), (SBA) Geological Survey 1441 L St., S.W. National Center Washington, D.C. 20416 Reston, Virginia 22092 (202) 382.1891 Provides continuing appraisalof mineral Grants loans to firms affected by the en fuel resources; maintains program objec ergy crisis; receives Federal funds for en tives for individual energy sources (coa; ergy research and development; studies oil, gas, and geothermal), the impact of the energy crisis on small Conservation Division businesses. Nation& Center Reston, Virginia 22092 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT) Supervises industry operations for explor . ation, development, production of oil, gas, 400 7th St., S.W. and coal on federal land, Indian leases, Washington, D.C. 20590 outer continental shelf; obtains data sub . (202) 426-4000 nutted by lessees and permittees under Ensures adequacy of facilities and serv . operating regulations for goal. uranium, ices for fuel movement, particularly when arid oil shale. changes occur in rate of movement or in Bureau of Land Management sources of supply due to transportation strikes,seasonal energy 18th & C Sts., N.W. fluctuationsin demand, or disruptions in fuel supply; pro- Washington. D.C. 20240 motes development, collection, and dis . Issues and administersoil,gas, and oil seminationoftechnological,economic, shale mineral leases on the public domain, and other information relevant to domes- acquiredlands.andsubmergedlands; tic/international transportation. processes requests for rightsof.way of pe National Transportation Safety Board troleum and gas pipelines over the public domain and outer continental shelf; con 800 Independence Ave., S.W. ducts supply and demand analyser to dc . Washington, D.C. 20591 terrnine location, size, and turning of off- Undertakes studies on pipehne safety and shore oil.ar:1 is sais, petroleum or natural gas transport. 2.1.3 I. 7 FEDERAL AGENCIES ENGAGED IN NATURAL GAS RELATED ACTIVITIES

INTERNATIONAL a EXECUTIVE OFFICE ENERGY AGENCY OF THE PRESIDENT LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Energy Resources Council

Established toinsure communication and coordination among lederal agencies involved in energy matters and to set and nate,

ment national energy policy, the Energy Resources Council is a DOMESTIC COUNCIL cabinetlevel body charged with overall control of Ihe national energy ENERGY SUBCOMMITTEE effort, Although the Federal Energy Administration IFEA), which runs the petroleum allocation and price control programs and the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), which is the Imr.f(pone ol the federal government's effort to develop alternatives to foreign 0it, are sister organizations both technically immediately OMB NATURAL wider the President, ERC is apparently an interim strata between RESOURCES PROGRAM the two in Ihe federal hierarchy.

' DOC (Chairman) .' ERDA Asst. to the Pres., Nat, ' FEA (Exec Dir.) ' EPA Sec. Affairs OFFICE OF SCIENCE & CONGRESSIONAL ' State NRC ' Assl, to the Pres COMMITTEES ' Treasury NSF Econ, Affairs TECHNOLOGY,JOINT BOARD DOD GSA Asst. to the Pres., Domestic FUEL SUPPLY &TRANSPORT

DOJ FPC Affairs . USDI ' OMB Sp. Asst, to the Pros., USDA CEA Consumer Affairs HEW CEO FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR HUD MP* SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DOT GAO ,1 ' Member, Executive Committee

FEDERAL GSA USDA STATE JUSTICE TREAS 'LABOR FTC SBA MARITIME SEC .....M. INmil.armioimi COMMISSION 28 29 handle Eastern in RP 71-119, El Paso Firm serviice"service from schedules Section 2.2 in RP 72.6, and ArkansasLouisiana in or contracts und,r which sellerisex- RP 72-121). In these recent decisions pressly obligated To deliver specific vol- FPC Relief Options to theCommissionhaseliminatedthe umes Wthin agiven time period and Ameliorate Natural Gas firm/iw -ruptibledistinctionwithre- which ar- cipates no interruptions, but spect t contracts held by end-users: which ;y permit unexpected interrup- Shortages this,in:urn,eliminates categories 6 tion in :..vae the suprly to higher priority througt as well as any references to Curtailment Priorities the firm Thie distirTctions in cat- imerrupuble service"se rvice f rom The Federal PoNer relmmiF_,..1.1inits egories I a,5. Amon: the reasons iedues contractsunderwhich G.,Ieral Policy C sued Jan- for these ni, tions is the growing s;.5 leris expressly obligated to de- awarenes'!hat ;ary 8, 1973, an .41-: EE d March icertain high priority speo icvolumes within a given 1973 set up nine -p7 *5-of.serv interruptiL ...mtl--L4ct holderssimply time perin-i, and which anticipates and categories for polic'y ;ring pe- need natu-al 4as as badly as parties permits ifiterruption on short notice, or is of curtailed .6 pipeline that have -7tfln-tiated firm c.2ntracts: (2) service :nderschedules or contracts mpanies under FPC jur=iction. (For certain corli:Mes. anticipating the' ap- which eqessly or impliedly(sic)re- e complete text. see 18 CFR 2.78(c).) plication the policy statement, quire instta:::,ation 07 alternate fuel cape- stedin descending orcier of priority, switched h fore interruptible to firm bi'ity." contracts:: 3) the conr:_ept. itself, of Hey are as follows: . Plant adjudicatii: Hte firm interrupti- pr- ,action gas"minimum vol- Residential, small commercial (less umes re-; z2d to prevent physical harm ble contra dstinction:. :sdifficultto than 50 Mcf on a peak day). administer :use there are so many to the facilities or danger to plant 2. Large commercial re:.rements (50 personnel when such protection cannot different n- ons of those contracts. be afforde:: through the use of an alter- Mcf or more on a pe, day), firm in- Itis impo' tto remember, however, dustrial requirement: plant pro- that these modific3tions appiy only to nate fueThis includes the protection tection, feedstock anc-process needs, wholesale deliveries between an inter- of such materialin process as would and pipeline customer storage injec state pipehne and a distributor or direct otherwise be destroyed, but shall not in- cludedeliveriesrequiredtomaintain tion requirements. industrialconsumers,thosearrange- plant prod.ction.Fo..-the purposes of 3.All industrial requirements not speci ments falling within FPC jurisdiction.It this definition, propane and other gase- fiedin other categories listed here. does not apply for resale gas to the end- ous fuels shall not be considered alter- userbehind a distributioncompany, 4. Firmindustrial requirementsfor nate fuels.- boiler use atless than 3,000 Mcf which is within the jurisdiction of the per day, but more than 1,500 Mcf state PUC's, who for the next few years Feedstock gas"natural gas used as raw material for its chemical properties per day, where alternate fuel capa- probablywillcontinuetomaintain a. bilities can meet such requirements. firm/interruptible distinction. in creating an end product." 5. Firm industrial requirements for large Ifstate PUC's require subordination of Process gas"gas use for which alter- volume (3,000 Mcf or more per day) interruptible markets as an absolute fact nate fuels are not technically feasible boiler fuel use, where alternate fuel before curtailingfirmmarkets, NGAG such as in applications requiring precise capabilities can meet such require- team members should advise industrial temperature controls and precise flame ments. consumers on interruptible contracts on characteristics. For the purposes of this definition, propane and other gaseous 6,Interruptiblerequirements of more the status of the state PUC regulation at that point in time. The fact that the fuels shall not be considered alternate than 300 Mcf per day, but less than fuels." 1,500 Mcf per day, where alternate FPC may not make a firm/interruptible fuel capabilities can meet such re- distinction in a particular pipeline case Boiler fuel"considered to be natural quirements. would not absolve an interruptible con- gas used as a fuel for the generation of sumer from seeking allavailable self- steam or electricity, including the utili- 7.Interruptible requirements ofinter- zation of gas turbines for the generation mediate volumes (from 1,500 Mcf help measures or to try to develop an alternate fuel capability. of electricity." per day through 3,000 Mcf per day), where alternate fuel capabilities can Alternate fuel capabilities"a situation meet such requirements. Definitions where an alternate fuel could have been utilized whether or not the facilities for 8.Interruptiblerequirements of more Each of the significant terms used in the such use have actually been installed: nine "prioritiesof-service" categories is than 3,000 Mcf per day, butless provided however, where the use of nat- than 10.000 Mcf per day, where al- defined by .the FPC in 18 CFR 2.78(c). ural gas isfor plant protection, feed- ternatefuelcapabilities can meet Residehtial"service to customers stock, or process uses and the only al- such requirements. whichconsistsofdirectnaturalgas ternate fuel is propane or other gaseous 9.Interruptiblerequirements of more usage in a residential dwelling for space fuel, then the consumer will be treatej than 10,000 Mcf per day, where al . heating, air conditioning, cooking, water as if he had no alternate fuel capability." ternatefuelcapabilities can meet heating, and other residential uses." such requirements.* Commercial--"service to customers en- Pipeline Operational Flexibility The FPC has modified this policy state. gaged primarily in the sale of goods or Inorder to provide additional natural ment with respect to the application of services including institutions and local, gastoanend-user who utilizesthe curtailment programs on each particular state, and Federal Government agencies emergency and extraordinary relief op- pipeline. Certain pipelines recently have for uses other than those involving man- tions available under CFR 2.78 (FPC received orders from the Commission ufacturing or electric power generation." Orders 467-A and 467-C), itis neces containing modifications of 467 (Pan- Industrial"serviceto customers en- sary that pipeline companies retain op- gaged primarily in a process which cre- erational flexibility. There are a variety E30th direct and indirect customers that ates or changes raw or unfinished ma- of ways that a Dipeline can maintain flex use c!dc for similar purposes are placed terials into another form or product in- ibility inits r.pera*Lional system and in in the same i:otegory of priority. (See cluding the generation of electric crease its vial .me of natural gas in order 2.18(a)(3).) power." to be preparH to deal with these emer

12,1 !enc., i-,!rnands.It t..-iooves both NGAG property can be eliminated by such 7anix distribution anct -te end-user/con- made between :3Ie or transportation or where the :ompa:s and between distribution t.imer be aware of these, at least in or transportation of natural gas and pipeline companies. -rms. is necessary to assure maintenance cpany canraisethe p -le can emergencypur- of adequate natural ga! on in lare sections of pipeline, natural g:.s18 CFR 2.68 11 purchaser's pipeline or ncreang the volume of gas in! ! :re serious curtailmeit atservice it will be tne E-.-eneral policy intfline. Thisiscalled ,ts or is threatened on muff. 'laser's "C to encourage Intrastate Iin ::::!cking. Although this proce- and distribution companies, em because of failure o f cilities 'uni: '411:,uld no: be enough to run a stecl, to aid natural gas dis- :ailure or curtailment :cf. or big L-pcdker plant for one day, for in- companies and pipeline com- unusual and unexpe::!ef: lemand stancF,. pulling the line pressure down a need of temporary emer- suchfacilitiesorsLppiy,and miEtit provide enouot gas to save the ,s supplies, by making short- .-2re such sale or transportation is residences in a sma ! town for a n, u- te-rr 5 or deliveries of natural gas Ir--dted to a single period,1 not more ple of days. A- large amount of nat- than sixty (60) days." T-- !ate commerce for periods up opera- ural ps sits 17 a long distance pipe- to . tions terminate after 60 60 consecutive days unless linesystem. At differentpointsin \A, 3ny express authorization by a filing for a permanent cr t..rmporary tirrFa.,a pipe'ne will"drawn down -eral Power certificate has been started -,dthin 15 Commission." su:...-p7.i!ies"in 1-2 line to meet hourly days of the start of delivery.7nis sec- certain procedures that are shIttsindem--indorsmaller type :ifter 60 days, which are ad- n relaxes for short-term g -is sales errrgency C.,:..iveries where needed. :ly the normal transportaticcertifi- iter in the section on relief Lir.2- packing can be used only by the ) :ition procedures. However, :-..ipelines Each section of the may be reluctant to use this device pipenneitself. :,1:4-7 contains two sections because of other considerations such system has its own line pack charac- ' 27 ind 157.29), which are used as possible exposure to future price teristic, pre.,--mireandvolume.Al- rrolementary fashion to expe- refunds and payback provisions. though the pressure can be manipu- .l gas purchases by an in latErd for a short period, the section 21peline from a producer. 18 A pipeline can develop and efficiently has to be repmssurized before it gets _.=.7.22, Exemption of temporary utilize underground storage to modify et.ended. i:J operation, stipulates that the gas deliveries to consumers on a sea- 1i flexibility cf a pipeline system is nterest "does not require the sonal basis. Warm weather gas sup- I:mited by regulations, the amount of plies can be stored for winter periods, 71ce of a certificate for the . . . flowinggas,existing demands(in- and stored gas can be made available natural gas necessary to as cluJingtemperaturevariation de- maintenance of adequate natural quickly for rmergency uses. mands), physical limitations on the i:rvice where interruption or seri- A pipeline can curtail all of its cus- system (e.g., the pipe size and com- s :rtailment of service exists or is tomers under curtailment more deeply pressor facilities). because of failure of facili- "rob Peter to pay Paul." This pro- Regulations governing pipeline flexibility .r vides instant diversion from one cus- curtailment of supply or un- by the aforementioned devices are es- :ual andunexpected demand on tomer to another. .:uch tcilities or supply, and where tablished by state PUC's as wen as the A pipeline can request a voluntary re- Federal Power Commission using the :acts and operations are limited linquishment from one or a number a single period of not more than Natural Gas Act. Both the state PUC's of customers. These customers can and the FPC are bodies to which appeals 6'2: days . ."In sum, the producer be on another's pipeline system, or a for curtailent relief may be made if the -----:t reed a cer-cate to sell gas distributor, or even an end-user. pipeline is determined to be acting in pipo ine. There are. A pipeline can request voluntary con- an inequitable or discriminating manner ,,.onsideratr,%ns from the pro- servation. If an emergency occurs, the or if a case warranting special curtail- t-at influence his distributor should go to regular radio ment consideration is thought to exist. -3 sell on an emergency gas and televisionstations and to the A grievance can be brought to the FPC newspapers and make pleas for all to by complaint of a distributor and end- :rne of these considerations are: fu- lower their thermostats, etc. Schooluser or another pipeline but requires ture financial exposure because of the hours can be cut back as well., ormal procedural hearings which may FPC and possible judicial review of A pipeline can purchaseor borrow be time-consuming. the emergency pipeline sale: contract natural gasfromano:Therpipeline. limitations on future interstate sales Usually gas pipelines' supply situa-.Relief Mechanisms of gas from the source of intrastate tions and operational flexibilities will Fourrelief mechanisms for obtaining prod,...::tionused fcr the emergency varyconsiderably. These variations natural gas are available to an end-user, gas; whether or not the production may even change at different periods sou-:--for the emergencY gas sale suffering from curtailed supplies, vis-a of each year depending upon under- vis the FPC. The response time for the nas reen developed under an advance ground storage capacities and load payrntfnts agreement; and an intra- mechanisms described is likely to vary seasonality. In emergency situations, widely. statii producer's "fear" of becoming pipelines have frequently shared gas -:ihjectat a future date to Federal with each other either through sales Emergency relief, ."life and proper- tion by participating in an emer- or a promise to repay in kind at a ty" standards, 18 CFR 2.78(a)(4) (FPC 7,0n,- sale. laterdate.Onepotentialproblem Order No. 467-A, issued January 15, ..FR 157.29, Exemption of Emer- which exists in sales of this type is 1973). Under this order, a pipeline com- r---:-: Sales or Transportation, states that the FPC may, upon consideration pany can respond immediately, and without FPC permission, to meet an emer- t' public interest "does not require of the transaction, disallow thefull gency situation (including environmental is:.uance of a certificate authoriz- sales price charged, thereby causing `, the seller to lose both the gas and emergencies)duringcurtailment pe- sale or transportation of nat, riods, where supplemental deliveries of by an independent producer the full agreed upon price. 'mminent danger to natural gas are required to forestallir- life and Similar emergency exchanges of gas reparable damage tolifeor property.

2.2.2

3 1 This supplemental gas. W- k:his being efit to allevar---emei= ;then Extraordinary relief wations taken from other customers, is provided the pipelines;77:._ J se wher-7-±yer flex Most of those who WI'feed a need to only until the immediate emergency is ibility it M6' effectJdr onal petition for an exempt;a to the cw-tail- deliveries. over. The pipeline company reports to hov,,.,-,:r that ment es schedule dre the FPC simply that it has made use of additional. in ga: industrial consumers v: claim: signifi- thisprovision.(This emergencyrelief make any d,;.- These i7 cant production losse=_,.memployment; provision is incluo.?ci in the tariffs filed normally tak in a larEmetro- a lack of an existing ar mate fuel capa- by the pipeline with the FPC,) politan area nount of i-,:ollution bility; a lack of an an .(ivate alternate emission (of sulfur) eliminated Emergency Situations fuel supply; or a non-e -vertible poten by natural g=,-adl 'ions woulc: be so tial because of the necessity for proces- Likehhood of loss of service to residen- small compaii. : total errasions sing a feedstock (you can refer the end- tial users, such as as to be netagibleIn addition, the user to the definition of -process gas"); affectedindu- ry /,ould have to be explosions due to delivery pressure uneconomical operatic s due tohigh drop or flame extinguishment one already o i r :ural gas contact, cost of alternate fuel :7,mpared to nat- health hazards and damage tothe who, because -.ailment, is on a ural gas. home (such as frozenor ruptured dual system air ,,--rraporarilvusing coal.) A person does have the right to file for water pipes) due to temperature drop extraordinary relief arrn have the peti Likelihood of loss of service to commer tion heard on whatever basis he cial users, such as Procedures chooses. No regulation precludes him health hazards a.nd property damage A direct custom-Tr- r" pipeline,i.e.. a from filing on whatever economic (frozenlines)duetotemperature distributioncorrr7:-,- or a direct end- grounds he chooses. Whether or not the drop and its effect on space heating user,alarged !ndust ria IbLyer, FPC approves the petitionis another Likelihood of loss of service to essentialcalls the pipeline that there iis an matter. The application can be rejected commercial users (e.g., hospitals, nurs- emergency. (A th 7.p..arty,a customerif the petitioner does not qualify as an ing homes, apartment buildingsoper- behind a distribuTur- :zompany, carmot applicant or if the petition does not con- ating off a large central heating plant), make the call to th,.. Tioeline.) formtocertainproceduralcriteria, such as In the case of a third party, the distribu- which will be laid out below. (See 2.78. explosions due to delivery pressuretor would have to demonstrate to the (b)(1)-(11).) drop or flame extinguishment pipeline that it, the direct customer, had exhausted all of its internal flexibility or Who can file? healthhazardsandpropertyand capability,includingcurtailingother Any pipeline customer can file. equipment damage due to tempera- customers. (If, ture drop. for example, the distri- A state commission (PUC) can file on bution company had a needy interrupti- behalf of a particula- --d-user served Likelihood of loss of service to industrialble hospital, the distributor would have by a particular distr::___:or, subject to users, such as to exhaust his own resources, before-the PUC authority. health hazards and equipment dam-pipeline would okay the relief.) An enduser behind a distributor,if age resulting from loss of space heat-The pipeline may demand apayback joined by a distributor. (The FPC may ing (here dealing with hun--ns andeither from the distributor or the direct take 10 days to begin processing an capital equipment not a process prod- enduser (a large industrial buyer), as application from an enduser; if the uct) soon as the emergency has passed. end-user's distributor has not joined damage to equipment due to a shut- in the filing within that 10.day period, down It should be noted that this is a fairly the FPC may reject the application. damagetoperishableagriculturalnew measure and has not been well- After one has gone through the infor- products, crops, due to lack of nat.tested. There may be problems if pipe- mation required to secure this type of ural gas (a crop such as alfalfa, forlineis experiencing heavy curtailment relief, whichislistedbelow,itbe- example. may require adryer; theinto generally high priority markets. comes clear why this is so. The FPC farmer, since he is often an interrup- has no jurisdiction over what the dis- tible customer needing natural gas tributor does with Extraordinary relief, emprions." thenatural gas only duringaveryspecificphase, once itis in hand, nor can the FPC 18 CFR 2.78(a)(2) (117÷7: Order may be unable to procure gas) No. 467-C, issued April 4, 1974, Under this compel the end-user to use the gas anelectric generating power plant,order "extraordinary" relief -:.an be ap- in a particular way. Without the infor- which has an existing natural gas pur-plied for in those situatisrzs whEE:re the mation required inthe filing [2.78, chase contract, may need emergencycustomer, the enthuser. Tr-vitLeS relief for (b)(11)] the FPC cannot determine natural gas becauseithas lostitseconomic reasonsothi,r- tnan damage whether or not thelocal. distributor coal-crushing machine or some otherto health, and property situ2tions: if he could use internal flexibility or wheth- capability that may force it to have todoes not get help, he will tve to shut er or not the natural gas should be "shed its electrical load," (Normallydown. The customer may ra..i.3):1--f77- feed- taken from other customers of the pipeline.) there are a number of contingenciesstock purposes and the or he- may available. such as buying power frombe an interruptible cusLTner behind a another facility, but they may not be Procedures for obtaining distributor, who has been 5ff corrtptely extraordinary relief workingfor whatever reason. Thisand does not have an alternate 'ilinall.ca- would have to be explainedinthepability. 18 CFR 2.78(a)(1) starhat, Requests for relief must contain the fol- initial telephone conversation with the lowing information although the "priorities-of-dehv,77-r,r7 . pipeline.) may be applied to the deliveries of all "The specific amount of natural gas an air pollution emergency declaredjurisdictional pipeline companies during deliveries requested on a peak day by a local authority because of an in-periodsof curtailment on each com and monthly basis, and the type of version, (Ifit can be shown that thepany's system ... upon a finding of ex contract under which the deliveries introduction of additional natural gastraordinary circumstances after hearing would be made." above the curtailed volume of naturalinitiated by a petition . .. exceptions to "The estimated duration of the relief gas would produce a measurable ben-those priorities may be permitted." requested."

2.2.3 3 2 "A ijreakr! ,wr f natl.- re Directions forprel.hir'ogpetitionsfor FPC regar:ing an award cf ief quirernents lay a-I unH extraordinary an exemp- pendente lite acrl the necessity for cn- hasl-s at . In!site tion to the pr orities-of:eliveries sched- end-users.- d'.icting length_a-:d complicated , ule, are laid out 1, tiiapplicant in 18 in.=s. Whether riot to utilize this -The speriric ir- tp CFR, sections 1.7 :;), 15. and 1.16. ticular option isn large part deterrn;:ed natural gar,rt-: , Filing time The a q should file as by the chances r being granted rei f. and shouHis t the soon as the actu.i rn can be rea- Certa:tillyitv. :hi seem most withinea, pa ir en sonably anticipate: ,iltime, when tageca to use this route in ccmti7.-]- the requ- you can determine actual sup- tion othe- options for which t-e. -r-hr., estimated : day ar.. ply will be frpm ..-.i.her with rea. en t user woulc appear to qualify. /f)hirn-, ,- flat '. gas w N . . sonable certairti. -stimated peak :_ielf-Help,-.JO, day gas, 18 CFR 2 he a. aia: witt I withr..'- clay and monthly -.i 7- af natural gas lief (FPC C-rder No- 491-D, issued Marc!3, reaues'ed 1- all s . ava...able with - -out the relief 1E:7'4). This c-der sets up an infor--iid supply for tne pea speci- , requested, as wehs t- .:.--timated dura- requcst," reef (!evice ,cnereby distributioncc,: tion of -time relief/yr; r!:'0necessary." panies and intrastate pipelines are "A description r.1existing tferri::.te For certain types rehe-the duration couraged-to- aid interstate natural gis fuelpapabinties ,-)n peak ay of relief may go on iripft"-nitely. distribution companies and pipelrrie monthly hases It may dowrt-)y eu continue as long asitcan be demon- companiesneedingtemporary ern,.-r- uses. . . strated that thereisa problem within gency gas supplies for resale to an enal- "Fur the alt;.:-nato f brovide the system, and the FPC finds that the user. This aid can be provided bymc description of the e nng storage ta- relief can continue to Pe given without ing short-term sales or deliveries of r-:-d- (Holes and the amr:;.-it of present fuel jeopardizing other iustomers. Relief is ural gas in interstate commerce up 10 in.entory. names jr: addresses of generally given for a sufficaent period of and including 60 consecutive days, wri'lo- existing alternate fuel suppliers, and time to allow the development of an al- out FPC authorization. anticipated delivery schedules for the ternate fuel capabilly. Natural gas can be sold by an intrastate

period, for which relief is sought." * Lead-time An app I petitioner, can distributor to another distributor or by -The current priceper million Btu for ask for relief pendt---- 'pending liti- an intrastate pipeline company to an in- naturalgassupplies and alternate gation). WInether o-ot t: ..pplicant will terstate distributor or interstate pipeline supplies.- get this anmediate relic;,vhile formal company. lescriptionof effortsto secure FPC hearings are still pending will de- Itshould be noted that many distribu- I;)1,15 and alternate Lels,in- pend upon the dis-7-eticr:of the FPC. tion companies that purchase additional c Tocumentationofpontacts Generally, the granting o; immediate re- supplies of natural gas under 2.68 from witht'')Federal Energy Oftde and lief pendente lite is a function of, among otherdistributorsor fromintrastate any State or local fuel allocatp n agen- other 'things,two elements-. the appli- pipelines have apolicy ofnot selling cies or puolic utility cornmispion."' cant's (ultrmately, the user's) need (this additional 2.68 volumes to their indus- is, in turn, a function of perceived public trial consumers, where thegas would "A descript :n of all fuel conservation interest at a given r017- in time ): and to for boiler fuel use or where the gas activities uri !ertaken in the facility for the flexibility-pf the pipeline (how.many would otherwise displace existing alter- which relief is sought." other customers might be hurt depends nate fuel capabilities controlled by these "If petitionerisa local natural gas on the amount the applicant wants and industrial end-users. distrutor. a description of cur- his priority). rently effective curtailment Essentially, this order permits a waiver r,L-rogram If the application does not require for- cf -FPC jurisdiction over an and detail -.regarding any re.,:pdity interstate mal hearing, the process can take .as pipeline.Itis up to the state Pl2C's to which ma ,.be available by effe:ri.:at- little time as one day or as longv as fo.iJr cetermine: how 2.68 deliveries tca dis- ing additional curtailment toits e'i:st- or five weeks. although the latter is uin- ing industr al customers, 'Pie t-ibutor are to be redistributed 'ha end- likely if the end-user is threatened with -ters; the price to be paid by the dis- ilso provide a break-.--wn an imminent shutdown. 7.-ioutor; and the price to be paid cy the ofthe es-mated dispositionc'its natural gas -shmated to beElva: Ible Formal hearings may take much longer. by end-use Rebuttals must be heardfr.'minte7- AG team members in the field .srliould alorities established . . . (in the "pr ies-of-deliveries" sched- veners in opposition, wno do not wanta:ert their end-users to make sure that ing) -he period for whic-, re- the gas t.a',,,en from them for use by the they areactive beforetheir PDC on lief is applicant. (This rebuttal process is pro- these transactions. Because the general vided for under the Administrative Pro- panic associated with an energy crisis cedures Act [APA] and includes, in ad- together with the lack of a bargaining dition to rebut-21,br-efs, judges' dec position of a needy industrial eno-user sions. etc.) Sever-al rra-rtions for extraor are conducive to liithe relief procn- price gouging, 2.68 t. theFt:7C has clinary relief LIve roouh.,d ir request: purchases should be-carefully monitored required apphcarits (Teti,. ri tnese sections how f--ece relate to for courtrev: of---ieCommission".:. by the RUC's, conceivable alternate -fuel,including 7a-o orders grantinrelief GAG team members should also point Pane and incluliitg of-her sources a' ;Tat- An important tiring to --nmember is that, out to the needy end-usersthatthe ural gas. (If come in for help be-f.tiuse inthe event of a mdural gas crisis. order's importance lies in The fact that even though you are in category nenher two you have been curtailed, NGAG team members going into the field although the end-user, himself, does not thein you should stay in touch with the FPC in do the purchasing, he can contact his have to dernons tate that you have ii:oked for alternate fuels, including propane. Sim- order to keep informed an other appeals distributor and call his attention to this ply because you are a"process user" that may be initiated on the same pipe- option. does not automatically qualify you.The line. They should procure week-to-week justificationis much more !Igor ous wnen situation reports. Reporting requirements: you ate asking that gas be diverted from The level of demand Hi ng t.iacedlor 1 another cuctorher.) ik.lhough the FPC plays a minimal role given pipeline wi(l inh .ence decisions initially in this transaction ar 1.,n fact, 2.21

t) clives itsjurisdiction o.r latedrates,i.e.,prevailinginterstate proximity to the interstate pipeline.) The -,tes i.tween the intrasta- scrl prices. The Commission will approve ap. agreed-upon price coverscost of con- irstate buy-7irs, thei -are cerain nrny,ate requests for certificates for a structing aconnector,ifany arere- ments that must period up to twc years and will reviewquired: cost to haul the gas (transpor- aurchaser (an inter: ito Iine requeststoextendtheauthorization tation charge); and profit. ::.anyordistributt rt irm..any) thereafter. The objective of the order is Inaddition, the pipelin: company will He with the FPC.,.. 1`7.,lays tnencouragehigh-prioritycustomers, deduct the amount of gas used as cnm- the emergency crratient-'5"a threatened with curtailment, to explorepressor fuel from his delivery by the -r-ient in writing an': :nde thepossibilityof enteringinto directproducer. There will be, therefore, a re- with four (4) C,,H,71-ri,';op. sales contracts with producers and of duced redelivery volume of some small `7.ereof,brieflyoutlinir.,2 na- arranging for transport of the natural percentage of the volume transported. gas hy pipelines that are subject to FPC of the emergency" This type of transportation agreement ation jurisdiction, The order is regarded es- riri 10 clays after the sentially as a self.help mechanism, be- falls within FPC's jurisd.iction. emergercy,a fort- 7,worn cause it does not take gas from some- Theend-user-producergas purchase four(4) armed ,rnent,and one else on the same pipeline. agreement, however, does not, although es thereof, shall be We--etting the FPC does consider this sales con- -7---- the volume ofbas aeivered Who can file? tractin determing whether or not to vhcating (1) the total i7et-7m)urse- Existingcommercial andindustrial certificate thestansportation agree- -:. received by the seller-lad (2) customers whose requirements,as ment.* fany, applicable rate schedul, .clefinedby FPC curtailmentguide- . alternatively, the bases which lines, are "large commercial require- The pipeline then files for :.:ertificate per Mcf reitnbursimer :IS ments (50 Mcf or more on a peak of convenience. transporters. .:(1, of ("!- day)" and "firm industrialrequire- Grounds for teni-s1 include,=ong other c rec-rive adequate ca-tnensa- ments for plant protection, feedstock, things not specified here, tr.-- foilowing: tralirir any additional transte station and process needs." (Priority 2 uses - lower priority use of the 7-ritural gas, serv,Tes rendered in connect -a with or for those Priority 3 uses that would Its r.ls-t,cipa-tion in the deliver of the where alternate fuels or az...riquate nat- otherwise have been in Priority 2 had ural gas supoH:as are avauable: emernency ',-olumes of gas ant. upon the gas been purchased on a firm ba- termiration of the emergenc,, shall sis) and who already are or will be- if the vire c7 the gas is above the info-rn the Commission, in writing, of curtailed because of curtailments by going fieidra-7as for intrastate con- the ---qtal amount of compensation re- their jurisdictionalpipeline supplier, tract purstases; .d.. ifany, and the means by when no othe. reasonable method of - if the intsastate gas would otherwise wh!sn the per Mr' compensatn was averting an emergency arises. This be available for sale to an interstate - ved." See 2.6Rfa).) order excludes direct sale by a pro- pipeline under an interstate contract Reduirements if emiergency ducer to distributor for resale. between a pipeline and ..c.; producer, exceeds 60-day period the request for a certificate would be denied. (The producer ma!: show that , If the emeria,mcy being responded to Procedures for obtaining the gas would :ae sold to other intra- is expecte:' ra have a-duration longer "direct sale" gas statebuyer.s.The proximitytoan than 60 c-Ttsecutiyeda...a,the pur.The commercial or industrial enduser intrastate buyer is a factor, since the chaser ha toonf .i. aan advance cancontacteitherhisdistributoror producer would likely choose to sell statemer'itsom the =-.T."prior to the pipeline supplier andfellhim that he his gas at the higher intrastate price, end of ft.oitial 6r periost, that wants to find a producaar, or he may at- rather thanattoday's much lower the seller 1. status, -- sections 1 tempt to locate an intrastate gas supply regulated interstate prices). IC) and icof brit- "iiati:7 ".-lasAct by dealing directly with a gas producer. won't be ar-recte-, -eault of the If the request for the certificate is ap- The natural gas to be acquired has got proved, the arran:Eement gdes forward. contemclate-: :.ales or de to be gas that is not already committed veries (7ri..--a 2 62b) and1.7 for There are reportinf-requiremnrts; these tetails.) on an interstate contract. The gas could will be discusser:n the following sec- be that which an intrastate pipeline may tion. . Thissa-rt..asta,T=mratshallalsoin- give up voluntarily, because he is on a Application for a transr_crtatan certifi- clude irfTiimatinn ''take or pay" contractuabasis with a the volcrrns of to be cate must irclude the foirwirTa informa- producer and has no immediate need for tion: ,67.7,-day pe all the gas he has agreed to take. Off- man and d,..^..17-7. e.ftensi;Ti period; shore natural gas in the Federal domain Thepipelinetransportingthegas the tota: 37-",717.71 comperf---etion or isnot available for these direct pur- must: reimbursment.-tn receivF.-:._. if any, Chases; however, the enduser can seek - indicate: volumes to be transported and the 17iFEes by v.CO sucT 7._er Mcf off.shore gas in the State domain. The on a peak day, average day and price was derived. distributor, pipeline company, or end- annual basis; Within 10 .lays after the tet=ination user locates some available natural gas. - indicate the pipeline caracity avail . of the emergency, as exten7-ed, the The end-user then contacts the producer able t7 perform the transport serv. purchaser i;r the transporting-aipeline and they work out a direct safes con- must comply wtihallthe- reporting tract, in which the price is comparable requirements. to going market prices. * Althructn t7ae FPC can and will apply a Direct sale, 1F: CFI? 2 79 (F;r.0 Order A transportation agreementisworked stantia-don thaend.user-purchaser '4n. 533. issued \ugust 1.7-75, and out early on wi- the interstate pipeline cont-nzat, this wiil be done by vetoing -33-A.issuedNoyemiTi-25.1975), company, becEr_se .-.oeline connection the 'w-ale arrangement.. The FPC would rhis ;nority to the producer will,ve to be arranged, tell transporting pipeline that the and comr-erc 3' end :isers to or constructer:. (Such construction arrat-qtament is not in the public inter- clat!iral d 'ly from pro. should take only a few weeks, as the est orcause the productionprice, for tucx---7at pr-as ir FPC, regu- supply source should be in reasonable example, is too high.

2.2.5 icea a pe day, tiverage do: and quirements for bath the transporting arguments for end-use priorities that re- anni,o1 has pipeline company aridthe end-user, flect the economic value of gas to vari- inde ite the--ipact r,f the proposed see 2.79 (h). ous consumers. tran: oortr, -he pipeline's ility * * Also, companies and communities to :.-oyide shouldconsiderinterveninginFPC for Priority , iuquirements; In addition to the four options discussed cases that more directly affect their gas - providea y fthe proposed aboveiong-range relief from FPC rul-supplies, such as curtailment orders for transportati or -ement, indicat- ings can be attempted through interven- theirinterstatepipelinesupplier and ingthepi . transportation tion in [PC curtailment proceedings. An cases involving other customers of this rate toethe tb oreakdown and example isGeneral Motorscontinuing pipeline. justificritoon tt proposed rate level (i,-sluc:ner ,--1. a comparison of exis- ng --oasp. -ration rates for compoi ,ble oovic - provirt a y: explanation as to wh natural gas sup- INE..EPENUENT ply vunot as part c-r the LiELLER pipeline's systu= supply: ,.Distributor who hai-,.; a surplus) - proviot: an ant: .-sis as to how the <, gastransport, -willmodifycur. tailments duritqt the period of the proposed transport to the direct industrial consumer and/or distribu- BUYER 2 tor customer:. olved in the trans- (Distributor in action: front of needy end-user) - indicatithelistributor's capazity BUYER 1 to per7H-m the -ransport servica an (Distributor in a pea-. day, ait-arage day, andone- front of nual basis thr- ugh the distribcitian neeiy end-user) system to the -on-resale high mr-i- orit,industrialJr commercial tomer whose rasisbeing tra---- porteipursuanttothispolicy stater---ent. CSALESPOINTS NEEDY -r'te on::industrial end- END-USERS user. se gas is being transported mus-. STATE A STATF - ionic lumrs of natural gas to be use". under proposed Case A Case B tran: on a peak day and average f.-,.,ech month of the pro- State A H JC ad:proves: State A PUC approves: finSe- liar,Z771rt sales .2.:riceset by s-eiller sales price set by seller (SALES procosec end-use of POINT POINT =1). ---,,-srarratizni by end-use pri sales oriciET bymidemar- State B PUC approves: distriLJtorn n--..7int rittes-orttc-neo in 18 CFR 2.78 of need..ne- salespricesetbymiddleman- fo--act'171011th: user (:.'iALES POINT =2); distributor in front of needy end- ndic.:i the total end-use require- actuai ieeu of end-user. user ,(SALES POINT =3); ments -or natural gas at the plant FPC approVes: actual need of end-user. wt-ere ,he transport gas transp rate between sellei anc FPC approves: will be usedt buyer - indicatetheavailability ofother transport rate between seller and sources of natural gas at this lo- buyer :7_2. cation (specify daily contract volumes, type of contract and antici- Usually rlear a . pipe- theconnectingpipeline,ifnecessary . patedavailabilityofnaturalgas line (the f the -.;1' the between the independent seller and Ora from each source for the transport end-user ** !IF interstate pin Period and the end-use thereof): .ide a c"py of the gas purchase -ract witt- the oroduc undarlying proposed tnasport: - provide a detaii-.description of the nature of the orr----irgency necessitating theauthorizat-noftheproposed transportation, including but not lim- itedtothe curtailmentanticipated wit- rescect to.3ch priortiy of end. 1,se at t"e plant I--- )r a-down f!tiereporting re

2.2.6 Guide to FPC Relief

END-USER FPC 7-"ELIEF ADMINISTRATIVE CATEGORY PRIORITY PROCEDURE ACTIONS

di ect customers emergency application Residential -rnt,rEency 1./.. to relief pipeline H(if third party) distributors

Hend-user jointly with distributor application Commercial ecc, ,)mic extraordinary haruship relief to pipeline FPC "4"1 P U C

Mcf Jay

Industrial cuszorn .1Inder rC curt:i? IT t priordy 2 some = djstjbutor. pipeline locate producer

s a . e contract end- user w/ producer pipeline files "Certificate of transportation Convenience" agreement with with FPC pipeline c ]tricutor 11011.. intraa,--ate distutartor

;nters.7..ste 111.1.111.4 purchaser days files w/FPC

-717,2".:17.70

2-.2.7 tible"end.user. (See 10 CFR 211.12 FE017. The FE017 is forwarded to the Section 2.3 (h).) The applicant must be prepared to regional FEA allocation officer and the establish his historical requirements and FUEL office form is checked against any FEA Relief Options to justify his increased requirements. Ap previous requests that may have been phcations for an adjustment to a base filed by the same consumer and verified. Ameliorate Natural Gas period volume should be made accord- Fuel officials can approve or disapprove Shortages ing to the steps laid out in 10 CFR 205, the application.If approved, a supplier C. A Form No. 17 should be filed with is assigned and is supplied with suffi- Alternate Fuels the regional FEA office. (An enduser fil-cient fuels from the State set-aside to The FEA has jurisdiction over the following for an adjustmentisrequesting a meet the consumer's requirements.If ing fuels, which might be used as alter- modificationofhisoriginalallocation disapproved, the consumer is informed natesit an end user is being deprivedentitlement, which specifies the amount as to why such decision was made and of natural gas: of a particular fuel he has the right to provided with an appeal form. Appeals Middle distillates, "any derivatives ofpurchase from his supplier.) must befiledwithin15 days of the petroleum including kerosene, homeThe enduser, who chooses to acquire an FUEL office decision. heating oil, range oil, stove oil, andalternate fuel, can apply for an assign- diesel fe-I which have a fifty percentment. An end-user is entitled to receive FUEL officeallocations are for short- boiling point in the ASIM D-86 stand-a volume of an allocated product equal term emergency situations and usually arddistillationtestfalling betweento the sum of the volumes allocated to havea durationoffrom onetosix 371' and 700"F.Products specifi-him from each of his suppliers. This is months. This allows time for the con- cally excluded from this definition arecalled an entitlement. The assignment sumer to obtain supplies through regu- kerosenebase and naphtha-base jetof a base period volume provides the lar FEA channels.

fjel, heavy fuel oils . . ., grades=4,enduser with the right to purchase a =5. and =6, intermediate fueloils specific .amount of fuel from a supplier. Ifan end-user wishes to make up for (which are blends containing =6 oil),He willfile a Form No. 17 with his re- his natural gas deficiency by using addi- and allspecialty items such as sol-gional FEA office. (See 211.11, "Basistional amounts of propane (or even bu- vents, lubricants, waxes, and processfor Purchaser'sEntitlementtoAlloca- tane, which is highly unlikely), he can oil." tion," 211.12, "Purchaser's Allocation apply to the National FEA office in Wash- Entitlement," and 205,C,whichex- Residual fuel oil,". . . fuel oil com- ington, D.C. for a waiver of the limita monly known as:(a) plains the steps to be taken in order to tion placed on the amount of propane =-4.=5, andacquire an assignment.) fuel oils: (b) Bunker C; (c) Naval or butane he is allowed to acquire. (An Special Fuel Oil;(d) crude oil whenAn end-user experiencing difficulties in explanation of this special restriction on burneddirectly asa fuel;andall meetinghisfuelrequirementssuffi- propane and butane is set out in 211.10 _other_fue,l_oils_.-Thich-have-a-fifty-per_ciently_severe_thatthesituation--could-(g)48).)_As_opposed_to-an-entitlemen cent boiling point over 700'. F. in the be reaching "hardship" or "emergency" which provides the purchaser With the ASTM D 36 standard distillation test. proportions can apply to the State Pe- right to acquire FEA-allocated fuels, this troleum Allocation Office in order to se- wa:ver simply puts aside aflat ceiling Propane, "the chemical C3H8 inits commercial forms, including propane- cure atemporary .issignmentoffuel restriction on the amount of propane or butane mixes" (LPG) "in which pro-(propane, middle distillate, motor gaso- butane a purchaser is allowed to ac quire. This regulation prohibits the end paneconstitutesgreaterthanten line, and residualfueloil) from State (10) percent or the mixture by weight.set-aside supplies. The applicant must user from using propane or butane in Included within the definition of pro-be located within that State and be able excess of the predetermined base pe- pane is the propane content of nat-to demonstrate his hardship or emer- riod amount. Again, the applicant uses ural gas liquids and refinery gas when gency requirements. In addition, an end- FEA Form No. 17 in filing his request. used for refinery fuel use." user, who previously had no supply of that particular fuel and who is experi- A final avenue for acquiring or increas Butane, "the chemical C4H10 inits encing severe problems in acquiring an ing his alternate fuel capability, and one commercial forms, including both nor- alternate fuel to natural gas, can applywhich ought not be pursued unless all mal buthne and isobutane, their mix- for a new ,assignment from the State other options are closed, is for the end. tures and mixturesofbutane and set-aside supply, (211.17 explains the user to file for an exception to the regu. propane containing ten (10) percent scope and purpose of this mechanism. lations. (The FEA defines "exception" as by weight or less of propane. Included 205.210, Q, explains the procedures for a "waiver or modification of the require. within the definition of butane is theacquiring fuel via this mechanism.) In ments of a regulation, ruling or gener- botane content of natural gas liquids the case of a set-aside applicant, the allyapplicablerequirementunder a and refinery gas when used for refi'n request may either be containedina specific set of facts.")If an end-user, ery fuel use." form (Form 20) or be conveyed verbally whohasappliedundersomeother via the telephone. Applicants for a new mechanism for relief, has been denied Relief Vehiees assignment are required to file with the that relief, for whatever reason, and can claim Depending on h s situation, the end-userState Office the same form as used in a severe hardship or gross in- seeking an alternate fuel can avail him- applications for an assignment of a base equity, he can file an "Application for self of one of .L:e vehicles provided by period volume to regional FEA offices. Exception" with the Office of Exceptions and4ppeals,FEA,Washington, theHA: adl..stments,assignments, In Pennsylvania, for example, the Fuel D.C. state setaside supplies, waivers, or ex- User's Emergency Line is essentially the (See 205, D.) The criteria or standards ceptions. firstline of defense for curtailed gas established for satisfying the contention users. Curtailed gas customers of serious hardship or gross inequity are The enduser Cif) apply fur an adjust- filea FUEL officeapplicationform and an veryrigorous,so potentialapplicants ment of his base period volume in order are encouraged to exhaust other options to meet increased requirenlents for that first. Normally, if an enduser is in des- fuel, which has been necessitated by the " A sarnple FEA Form No, 17 follows on perate straits, either the FEA or the FPC deprivation of natural gas. This is a par- page2.3.6, accompanied by some expla will be able to help him, without his hav- ticularly useful device for an "interrup nation provided by the FEA. ing to use this court-oflastresort.

2.3

f-1 7 End-Use Categories If the choice is residual fuel oil for and charges for the storage, gasifi- either industrial or commercial (i.e., cation, and transmission of the pro- Which options are most appropriate in space heating) use, the enduser has pane; there will be no adverse effects certain situations depend on the nature to file a Form No. 17 with his FEA Re- on the gas utility's other customers; of enduse, e.g., industhal, commercial, gional Office in order to get an as- the industrial user has no facilities for residential, utilities, and emergency and signment of a supplier or an adjust- using a fuel other than pipeline gas; medical services. The FEA defines these mentinhisbaseperiodsupplier. and this procedure is consistent with categories in the following manner: * (See 10 CFR 211.12(h).) ail other applicable Federal and State Industrial use, "usage by those firms lf there is a surplus of middle distil- laws. primardy engaged in a process which lates or residual fuel oils, commercial Theregulationfurtherstatesthat creates or changes raw or unfinished and industrial end-users can acquire each user must file separately, but materials into another form or pro- quantities of these from their sup- that a utility can take the initiative in duct." pliers in excess of their base period locating a supplier. Commercialuse,"usage bythose volume. (See 10 CFR 211.10(On) On November 21, 1975, the FEA issued purchasers engaged primarily in the If the choice is propane, the end-user its "Guidelines for Adjustments and As- sale of goods or services and for uses intends to useitfor industrial pur. signments for Alternate Fuels," which other than those involving industrial 'poses, and there is already on-site a appeared inthe Federal Register, Vol. activities and electrical generation." propane capability, the enduser files 40, No. 229, November 26, 1975. These (Here fuel is used primarily for space an FEA Form No. 17 with the FEA are helpful in trying to understand the heating.) Regional Office requesting an adjust- regulations, not only as they apply to Residential use, "direct usage in a mentinhisbaseperioduse.(It propane,buttoother FEA-controlled residential dwelling or church or other should be noted that in the case of fuel allocations as well. These "Guide- place of worship for space heating, industrial users, the regional FEA of- lines" are provided on page 2.3.18 of refrigeration, cooking, Water heating, ficeswillonly approve an energy:, and other residential uses." equivalent amount of propane to corn- The FEA has set up the following alloca- Utility, "a facility that generates elec pens,ate for below base period of nat- tion schedule for propane users: 100 tricity, by any means, and sellsitto unt.gas. .Amounts in excess of that percent of current requirements for ag- the public." (For most situations, the can onlY be secured by applying to ricultural production and Department of FEA considers a utility a commercial the national office for a waiver.) Defense use;100 percent of current end...use rather than industrial.) Such end-users already have thisca- requirements (as reduced by the appli- Emergencyservices,"lawenforce. pabilityinsitu,either to handle an cationof anallocationfraction)for ment,fire.fighting,and emergency overload on the system, "peak shay- emergency services, energy production*, medical services." Mg," or because they are interrupti- sanitationservices,telecommunication _Meriical..--andnursingbuildings, natural_gas_customers,utilizing---services,passenger transportation serv- "buildings that house medical, dental natural gas during various production ices, meaical and nursing buildings, avi- or nursing activities,.._Mcluding, but phases. (See 211.12(h).) Apparently ation ground support vehicles and equip- quite a number of industrial custom- not limited to . . .. the use ofclinics, ment, startup, testing and flame stabil- hospitals, nursing homes, and other ers have this dual capability. ity of electrical and utility plants; 100 facilities." As opposed tosecuringinformally percent of base period volumes for pe- supplies of either middle distillates or trochemicalfeedstock use, synthetic FEA Relief Options residual fuels in excess of base period natural gas plant feedstock use, indus- The following options are available for volumes, when the supplier happens trial use as a process or plant protection acquiring particular FEA.controlled alter- to have surplus fuel on-hand, without fuel oi where no substitute for propane nate fuels for a variety of specific end- being restricted by FEA regulations, is available,Governmentuse,peak uses to replace losses innatural gas. an end-user cannot at any time pro- shaving for gas utilities",and refinery (In each case, the end-user is the appli- cure additional supplies of propane cant, not the supplier/distributor.) (or butane) without applying to the * Energy production is defined by FEA as If the choice is a middle distillate and FEA nationaloffice requesting a w3'verofsuchceilinglimitations. the "exploration, drilling, mining, refin- the end-user intends to useitfor ing, processing, production and distri- purely industrialpurposes(i.e.,he I:See 10 CFR 211.10 (g)(8).) bution of coal, natural gas, geothermal won't use it for space heating or as a .x If an end-user wishes to substitute energy, petroleum or petroleum prod- boiler fuel), he can go directly to his propane for natural gas for industrial ucts, shale oil, nuclear fuels and elec- distributor without filing an applica- purposes, but lacks the facilities to trical energy. It also includes the con- tionwiththe FEA.(3ee10 CFR utilize propane, he should submit an structionoffacilities and equipment 211.12(h).) If, however, he intends to FEA Form No. 17, requesting an as- usedinenergy production,such as use it for commercial purposes (which signment of a supplier, to the appro- pipelines, mining equipment and similar capital goods. Excluded . . . are generally means space heating), then priate FEA Regional Office. (See 211, syntheticnaturalgasmanufacturing, he must file a Form No. 17 with the D and 211.12(h).)Ifthe end-user's electrical generation whose power FEA Regional Office,requesting an gas utility has a propane utilization sourceispetroleumbased,gasoline assignment of a supplier to provide a capability, arrangements can be made blending and manufacturing and refin- ''base period volume."Ifthe com to have the propane delivered to the ery fuel use." (See 10 CFR 211.51.) mercial end-user already has this al- utility, where it will be introduced into ternate fuel capabiilty and now needs the utility system and an equivalent "Propane, however, "shall not be used to useitexclusively because he can amount of utility gas transmitted to for peak shaving as long as the gas utility no longer obtain natural gas, he will the enduser via his existing natural continues services during such peak shav- file a Form No. 17 with his FEA Re- gas line. ing usage to interruptible industrial customers (other than for process fuel, plant gional Officein order to secure an It should be noted that the FEA will adjustment of his "base period use." protection fuel, or raw material) or to any approve this procedure only in those non-residential customer who can use a cases where: the industrial .iid-user fuel other than natural gas, propane, or *10 CFR 211.51. bears the entire cost of the product butane." (See 211 84.)

2.3.1 8 8 fueluse; 95 percent ofbase period useforallresidentialuse; and *90 percent of base period use for commercial use (maximum of 210,000 gallons per year), standby volumes or any other industrialuse,transportationservices otherthan passengertransportation service or aviation ground vehicles, for vehicles equipped to use propane as of December 17, 1973, and schools. Ifa gas utility wishes to acquire propane that does not exceed its base pe- rioduses (see preceding immediately above 100 percent of base period volume), it can file an FEA Form No. 17 with the FEA Regional Office requesting an adjustment of its base period volume (211.83 (c)(2)). If the utility needs propane in excess of 100 percent base period use,it must apply to the FEA Na- tional Office in order to obtain a waiver of ceiling limitations on 'propane (211.10 (g)(8)). (The above only applies if the utility already has a propane capability.) Definitive FEA policies on utility use of propane as of this date aren't yet worked out. This should be worked through shortly. Propane can be imported by an industrial enduser without securing permission from the FEA. For alternatefuelcapability purposes, butane is neither as readily available nor easy to utilize.In the U.S., butane is usedprimarilyforgasolineblending. Because it is heavier than propane and has a higher boiling point,it does not gasify as readily. Consequently, butane is not readily adaptable to dilution with air for Btu content reduction to obtain a natural gas substitute similar to pro pane/air mixtures. There are almost no local butane suppliers.If the enduser is situated near a refinery, he might be able to secure butane. If an industrial enduser is able to acquire butane, he files an FEA Form No. 17 with the FEA RegionalOfficerequesting an adjust. ment in volume not to exceed 100 per cent of his base period volume (211.93 (b)).If,however, he is seeking a new supply of butane or desires an amount beyond his current base use, as with propane, he must file wtih the FEA Na tional Office to secure a waiver of ceiling limitations (211.1 (g)(8)).

3 9

" Ibid.

2.3.2 May 16, 1976

nr.

Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Co.,our Supplier, currently projects a tem-wide curtailment for the winterperiod (Npv. 16, 1975, to April 15, .) of 43.5%. At this rate of curtailment, it will be.necessary.for Power Company to curtail the supply ofgas to its firm inaIstrial customers. This curtailment will be instituted inaccordance the Curtailment Plan (enclosed),which is on file with the Public S=77i:17e Commission.

will be curtailed 25% of the volumeused during the casa neriod which was the twelve .(12) months ending April1973. ,Usage during base period and allocated volumesare indicated on the encloSure.

Allocations are on a monthly basis and may use the allocated volumes at your convenience provided thatyour daily consumption does not exceed the limitations in the existingcontract. will be responsible for monitoring themonthly.consumption. Ey prior arrangements with Power Company, some allocated volumes may be transferred between the months.

Power Company will adjust the demand charges of the 1%,117" TarTff to reflect monthly allocations. It must be remembered that tbase projections reflect only our best present knowledgeand are subject tc thanga as the supply position changes.

1;0, again, urge you to contact both Federal and State Officialsto rake them aware of the situation and its effectupon your operation.

Very truly yours,

John Doe Supervisor Industrial Services Div.

Enclosures

4.0

2.3.3 I3ASE PERIOD coNsumPTIow' ALLOCAMD VOLUME: AT 25% CURTAILMENT

NOV. 81,420 71,243

DEC. 72,500 54,375

JAN . 83,520 62,640

FEB. 88,480 66,360

MAR. 64,600 48,450

APR. 55,330 48,414

PROJECTED NATURAL GAS CURTAILMENT

Month Base Period Use Natural Gas Natural Gas of Natural Gas To Be Available To Be Curtailed In Mcf In Mcf In Mcf

Nov. 1975 81,420 71,243 10,177

Dec. 72,500 54,375 18,125

Jan. 1976 83,520 62,640 20,880

Feb. 88,480 66,360 22,120

Mar. 64,600 48,450 16,150

April 55,730 48,414 7,316

WM, 446,250 351,482 94,768

2,3.4 BASE PERIOD USE OF NATURAL GAS

Month of Natural Gas Base Period In Mcf

April,1972 55,730

May 45,570

June 35,840

July 20,900

Aug. 21,720

Sept. 40,270

Oct. 66,160

Nov. 81,420

Dec. 72,500

Jan.,1973 83,520

Feb. 88,480

Mar. 64,600 aurAL 676,710

Average monthly use of natural gas: 56,392.5 Mcf

2,3,5 FEDERAL ENERGY OFFICE Request for Assignment of a Supplier or Adjustments of Base Period Supply Volume (FE0-17 (1-74)) Instructions General Instructions I. Who Submits and Where to Submit. a. The following should submit this form to their current or prospective supplier: (11 Wholesale purchasers who do not have a supplier. (2) Wholesale purchasen who need to establish a base period supply volume. (3) Wholesale purchasers who have had unusual growth (more than 10% per year for motor gasolineand more than 5% per year for all other products) since the bue period and wish to adjust their base period supply volume (4) Wholesale purchasers who wish to adjust their base period surMly volume tocover certified inaeases in volume from end users allocated on the basis of 100% of current requirements. b. The following should submit this form to the appropriate Regional Office of FEO: (1) Wholesale purchasers who wish to adjust their base period supply volume tocover certified increases in volume from end users allocated on the basis of a kercentage of base period supply. (2) Supplien who question the validity of this application. (3) Suppliers who have approved an adjustment of the bue period supply volume inexcess of 20%. (4) Wholesale purchasers who request an adjustment in the base periodsupply volume due lo curtailment or abandonment of service a an energy socurce other than residual fuel oil or refinedpetroleum products. c. The following should submit this form to the EEO National Office: (I) International air carriers requesting allocations of nonbonded fuels. (2) Civil Air Carriers and Publk Aviation requesting redistribution of aviation fuels, 2. huels Covered 110 Propane 510 #4 for Utilities 120 Butane _ 520 #5 & 4 6 for Utilities 130 Propane/Butane _ 530 #4 for NomUtilities 200 Motor Gasoline 540 #5 & 46 for Non-Utilities 310 Kerosene 550 Bunker C 320 #2 Heating Oil 560 Navy Special 330 Diesel Fuel 570 Other Residuals 340 Other Middle Dtrtillates _ 710 Lubricants 410 Aviation Gasoline _ 720 Special Naphthas 420 Kerosene let Fuel _ 730 Solvents 430 Naphtha Jet Fuel 740 Miscellaneous 3. General Information Adjustment or assignment for only one type of product can be requested on this form. Ifinformation on this form 3not complete. the form will be returned to you. Forms sent to FE0 should be submitted in triplicate.

Specific Instructions

1, Name of Companx Enter the corporate name, or the name of the entity making therequest. la. Date - Enter the year, month and day of this request. 2. Street Addreu - Enter the street address of the company or individual making the request. 3.c_itx. Enter the name of the city location of the company making the request, 4.State Enter the name of the state location of the company making the request. 5.Zip Code Enter the zip code of the company making the request. 6.Employer Identification Number - Enter the nine digit number that is used in all filings with theInternal Revenue Service. 7a. _Person to Contact Enke the name of the person to contact frt.,n the requestingcompany. lb. Telephone Enter the telephone number (Including area code) of theperson to contact from the requesting company. 8b., 8c., & 8d. Street AddreuLCity, State, Zip Code Delivery LocationEnter the street address, city name, state name and zip code of the location to which the supply ito be delivered. This informadon should only be completed if the delivery location is different from the corporate address entered in 2., 3., & 4, abuve. If the delivery isto be more than one location enter the address of each location, other than that in blocks 2 3., & 4, on separate sheet(s) and attachto this form, 9a. Storage Capacity of Delivery Location Enter the storage capacity in gallons foreach location to which the product is to be delivered. 9b. Cunent Inventory of Delivery Location -Enter the inventory kvel in gallonsas of the date of this request for each location to which the product is to be deliversd. 10.Type of Product Check only one box for the type of product for which supplyor supplier is being requested. lOw.Specifyaiiik of Product Enter the grade of the product underrequest, such as Diesel #2, etc. II.Ty e of Request Check the appropriate box for the tequest being made, I 2a, ame o upp er - Enter the name of the supplier who tr presently supplying you the product. Thereare four lines provided and the principal supplies should Iss entered on the flat line, If thereare more than four suppliers list on an additional sheet. If the request is for an assignment of a supplier, enter thenames of potential suppliers who could provide the product to you. Rank preference of potential supplier with the highest preference on line (I). I 2b. Supplier Address Enter the city, state and zip code of the appropriate supplier. I 2c, Brand Name of SupplierEnter the brand name.of supplier, 12d. % of Base Period Supplier. - Enter the percentage of the annual base period volumethat has been supplied by the appropriate supplier. I 2e, Person to Contact & Telephone Enter the name of the person to contact for each supplierand his telephone number including the uea code. I 21. Willingto Supply? - Fot each supplier you have entered, indkate hn willingnessto supply hy checking the appropriate box. I 2, 3iiiiiiecrii-on on this Requetr This section should be completed by thesupplier. The supplier's name is entered and the appropriate box checked for approving or disapproving this request, If therequest is disapproved, indicate in detail the reasons for disapproval. I Ct

2,3,6 13. Product Purchased ForCheck the appropriate box for the type of use, If the product is for end-use rather than for resale, briefly descirbe how the product is used. 14. Credit or legal ProblemIf there is a credit or kgal problem involving your request for supply, describe the nature of the problem. 15. Base Period Supply Volume by Month - Enter for each month the gallons of product purchased during the baseyear. 15a, Base_perioci Year - Enter the base period year for which the request applies. For all products "xceptpropane, butane, and residual fuel oils the base year is 1972. For propane and butane the base period is October 1, 1972 to April 30, 1973.For residual fuel oils the base year is 1973. TctalEnter entire total of base period volume. 15c, Was-Period Agree with Supplier Check the appropriate box for agreement with the supplier'srecords. if the base period supply volume does not agree, attach a copy of the Base Period Supply Volume. Report and briefly describe thedisagreement, 16. Actual Purchases in the Last Twelve Months Enter the gallons purchased for each month for the latest twelve complete months prior to date of this application. Enter the appropriate year, for example, may begin with March 1973 and cnd with February 1974, Enter thc percentage of the comparable month in the base period, for example, 11790. 16a. Twelve Month TotalEnter total purchases for the last twelve months. 16b, Actual Purchase& by Use Category -1..nter the gallons purchased in the last twelve months sumniarized for each use category. Only the following use categories are applicable,: Agricultural Production Cargo, freight and mail hauling Emergency Services Utilities Energy Production Medical and Nursing Buildings Sanitation Services Civil Air Carriers Telecommunications General Aviation Transportation Services Public Aviation Space lieating Marine Shipping industrial and Manufacturing Others Indicate the use category name on the appropriate line. Space is provided for three use categories. Ifmore than three are needed attach additional sheets using the same format prescribed herein, Also enter the appropriateyear and the percentage of the comparable month in the base period.

17. Requested Adjt:sted Base Period Supply Volume - Enter for each month the gallons requested for the adjusted baseperiod supply volume. This information should be included for all requests such as establishment ofa base period supply, adjustment of a base period supply due to growth, allocation for non-bonded fuels or establishment of base period supplydue to curtailment of other energy source, Also enter the appropriate year, for example, 1974, Enter the percentage of thc compuable month in the base period, for example, 125% if the request is an adjustment to base period supply volume, I7a. Requested Adjusted Base Period Supply Total Enter the twelve month total for the requested adjusted base period supply volume. 18. Justification For Volumes Requested Dewribe in detail thc reasons justifying thew requt,ted volumes. indicate thenames and telephone number& of major customer& whose requirements have substantially increasedor major new customers who win be supplied, Also indicate the end-use for each of these customers and the impact on customers' operations if therequest is denied. If the requested volumes are for your own end.use, give a description including facilities or equipment, major changes since the base period, usage rates and how the rates are determined. For the addition.of new equipment attach certifiedstatement concerning usage rates and operalional capacity, if requested volumes are as a consequence of curtailed access to other sources of energy,or pursuant to a plan filed in compliance with a rule or order of a Federal or State Agency, indicate the energy source denied and its BTU equivalent.

19. Applied to State for Exceptional Hardship - If you have applied to the state for an exceptional hardship for thetype of product irriaeTreqThia the appropriate box. If "yes", indicate the state to which applicationwas made, date of application, reason for hardship, quantity of product requested and the resolution of the hardship. 20. Application to the Federal Government - Indicate whether you have ever requested an assignment ofa supplier or an adjustment of a brim pthod supply for the type of product under request. Check the appropriate box and enter theease number if the answer is "yes", 21.Other Significant FactorsEnh., any other significant factors or remarks that are important to this request. 22. Lig Titles of Attached SheetsEnter the titles of the attached sheets in thil section of the form. 23. Centlication The form must be certified both bY the person completing It, and also by the personor a senior representative of the firm on whose behalf the request is submitted. 24. International Air Carriers Certification For such requests, this additional certification is required bya senior company official

2.3.7 Form Approved OMB 042R-I682 FEDERAL ENERGY OFFICE MANDATORY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ALLOCATION PROGRAM REQUEST FOR ASSIGNMENT OF A SUPPLIER Do Not Write in this Box, OR ADJUSTMENT OF BASE PERIOD SUPPLY VOLUME Case # Received Processed Reply Sent

1 Name of Company la. Date 6, Employer Identification Number (Internal Revenue Service - Number) Home MEg. Co. Year Mont hDa y

2 Street Address F-1 HTI 917 Wilton Ave. 10. Type of Product: Complete separate form for each type of fuel. I0a, (Z1 110 Propane 10o. El540#5 & #6 for 3. City state 15. Zip Code 10b. El120 Butane NonUtilities Orgone RS 41960 loc. Cl 130 Propane/ 10p.El550Bunker C 14 10q.El560Navy Special t Butane Mix 7J. Person to Contact lib. Telephone (Include 10d. O 200 Motor lOr. El570Other Area Code) Residuals Gasoline A. Jones 202) 2547.3330___ 10s. El710Lubricants 10e. 0 310 Kerosene Location to which supply is &liven::: !If different from above - Attach 10t. El720Special additional sheets if more than one location - Complete 8a. through 8d, 10f. 0 320 #2 Heating Oil Naphthas 10g. O 330 Dietel Fuel 10u. El730Solvents 10h, El 8J. Street Address - Delivery Location 340 Other Middle 10v. El740Miscellaneous Distillates Same 10i. El410 Aviation 8b. City Mc. State 8d. Zip Code Gasoline I0j. El420 Kerosene let Fuel 10k. El430 Naphtha '93 Storage ('apacity of 9bCurrent Inventory of let Fuel Delivery Location (Gallons) Delivery Location (Gallons) 101. O 510 #4 for Utilities 950,000 175,159 10m,El520 #5 & #6 for ---- Utilities Type of Request (Please Check) 10n. El530' #4 for Non. Ci) Request For Assignment or Supplier * Utilities g Request for Assignment uf Base Period Supply Volume lOw.Specify Grade of Product Commercial 17] Request for Adjustment of Base Period Supply Volume- Adjustment less than 20%. D Request for Adjustment of Base Period Supply Volume Adjustment Equal Toor Greater Than 20% LI Request for Assignment of Non Bonded Fuels (See Instructions) All adjustments must be greater than 10% for motor gasoline and 5% for all other products, *Due to curtailment of natural gas

Naine and Address of Suppliers (or Potential Suppliers if Requesting Asaignment of a Supplier). Complete I2a. through 12f, List principal supplier on the first line and others helow. If more than four, provide additional sheets,

Naine of Supplier 12b. Supplier Address I 2c. Brand 12d, % of Base I2e.Person to 12f. Willing to (City, State. Zip) Name of Period Contact & Supply? P.O. Box 344 Supplier Supplied Telephone (HIndepention t LPG _ 13utyl, Rs 42911 Lynn - 0- E.Smith Yes (202)254-3:30

Yes No _

(3) Yes -

14) I2g.Suppher's Decision on this re west - Completed by Supplier.

SuPPIlerNme...T.POPPPP.OPPt. IRO . Please check appropriate box, ^ Appr ved o Disapproved If disapproved, indicate reasons for disapproval.

2,18 13. Product Purchased For:

Resale Y.1C End Use - describe briefly: Assembly plant -- See documents attached 14. If there is a credit or legal problem involving your supply, briefly describe (Attach additionalinformation if necessary).

--NONE--

15. Base Period Supply Volume by Month (Gallons) I5a. Base Period Year4-72 thru NO 3 73 January May September February June October March July blogmbsx__ April August_ December 15b. Base PeriodSupply Volume Total I5c. Does this base period supply volume agree with your supplier? Check 0 Yes IINo If "No" attach copy of Base Period Supply ValumeReport and brieflydescribe disagreement.

16. Actual purchases in the last twelve months and the percentage of the comparable base periodmonth. (Total for all use categories in 161:0

Month Year Gallons % of Month Year Gallons % of Base Period Base Period January 1975 43,999 July 19

February 19 August 19

March 19 September 19

Anril 19 October 19

May 19 November 19 lune 19 December 19 7 4 172,706

216,705 16a. Actual Purchases in the last twelve months. Total 16b.Actual purchases in the last twelve months and the percentage of the comparable base period month by use category. (Spacefor three use categories is provided. If mote than three exist, attach additional sheets using the following format.) Testing Safety of New Pro- (0 Use Category Industrial & manufacturing (Indicate name)PX.Qpan Stand-hyFar i 1i ties

Month Year Gallons % of Month Year Gallons % of Base Period Base Period January 1975 43999 July 19 February 19 August 19 March 19 September 19 April 19 October 19 May 19 November 19 June 19 December 1974 _172,706 216,705 Total (2) Use Categoy (Indicate name)

Month Yea: Gallons % of Month Year Gallons % of Base Period Base Period

January 19 July 19 February 19 August 19 March 19 September 19 April October 19 May 19 November 19 June December 19 Total

2.3.9 () Use Catego y . _ (Indicate name) Month Year Gallons % of Month . :ar Gallons %of _ Base Period Base P-..iod January 19 _ 1July 19 February 19 August 19 Match 19 September 19 April 19 October 19 May 19 November 19 June -t- _19 1 _L. December 19 Total

17. Requested adjusted base period supply volume and thepercentage of the comparable base period month

Month year Cations % of Month Year Gallons % of Base Period Base Period January 1976 238,032 July 19 _ February 1976 252,168 August 19 March 19 7 6 184,110 September . 19 April _ 1976 83,402 October 19 May 19 November 197 5 116,018 June 19 December 197 5 206,625 17a. Requested adjusted base period supply volume ., _ . ..._ _ Total 1,080,355

IS. Justification for volumes requested in item 17 above. Describe tn detail the reasons justifying this request. (SeeInstructions)

SEE ATTACHED

4 7

2,3,10 19. Have you applied to the State for exceptional hardship? Check 0 Yes 0 No If "yes", briefly describe.

_ 20. Have you ever filed form with the Federal Government for the type of fuel you are presently requesting action? Check 0 Yes (IfYes give case # I a No 21. Other significant faziors, special requirements, or remarks (Provide additional sheets if required). All fuel to be used as process fuel. No conversions made since March 31, 1973, to any other fuel other than propane.

22. List titles of attached shcets.

23. Certification - I hereby certify that the above statements are true, accurate, and complete to the best of my knowledge and thatany quantity requested fot priot:ty use will be used only for that usc.

A. J es, Plant Manager Signature of person completing form Si ure and title of certifying companyalien' 24. International Air Carriers: Additional Cestiacation for Assignment of Non-Bonded Fuels - I heteby certify that bonded fuel supplies are not available atany price to provide a level of fuel comparable to the average percentage of base period fuel currently supplied to other international air carriers operating into the U.S.

Signature and title of certifying company official

Title 18 USC Sec. 1001 makes it a crime for any person knowingly and willfully to make to any department or agency of the UnitedStates any false, fictitious Or frisdulent statements or representations as to any mattet within its Jurisdiction.

FE0-17(1.74)5OM (Supercedes MI-PAP-1741.73) * U.S. GPOI 1074-532.061/3101

2.3.11 INFORMATION REQUIRED FROM COMPANIES BEING CURTAILED PROM NATURAL GAS WHERE A MIDDLE DISTILLATE IS REQUESTED AS AN ALTERNATE FUEL UNDER SECTION 211.12(h).

1. Completed Form FEA-17.

2. Description of business includinga brochure, if available.

3. Estimate of effect that denial of therequest would have on the business.

4. Notice of curtailment. (Should show beginning month curtailment will be in effect, and ending month ifnot on a 12-month basis).

5. Expected availability of natural gas in MCF by month for the period for which approval is requestedas furnished by the natural gas supplier.

6. The company should identify the enduses it_considers to be entitled to the 100 laercent of current requirements allocation.level. Also furnish the LIqL twelve months' usage and the prnposed usage for the next twelve months in .2Us based c,n expected naturalgas availability of: a. Natural gas b. Middle distillate

7. Where the applicant is using naturalgas for space heating, the natural gas and middle distillate base perioduse by month during the base period (1972)may be requested. Seperately identify space heating andnon-space heating. (May be documented on Form FEA-17).

8. Description of efforts and contacts'made to finda supplier if unable to do so (where applicable).

9. Documentation of.suppliers willingness to supply (where applicable).

2,3,12 INFORMATION REQUIRED FROM COMPANIFF BEING CURTAILED FROM NATURAL GAS WPER7 RESIDUAL FUEL 017, IS REQUESTED AS AN ALTERNATE FUEL UNDER SECTION 211.(h).

1. Completed Form FEA-17.

2. Description of business inclu_ .ng a brochure, if available.

3. Estimate of effect that denial of the request would have on the business.

4. Notice of curtailment. (Should show beginning month curtailment will be in effect, and ending month if not on a 12-month basis).

5. Expected availability of natural gas in MCF by month

for the period for which approval is requested as . furnished by the .riural gas supplier.

6. Total purchases by month durina the base period (1973) in BTU and MCF of natural gas.

7. Natur-11 gas,'and residual fuel oil uses since the base perio,_: that have been changed to an alternate energy source. Show seperately for each end use or process the base period use by month in BTUs of: a. Natural gas b. Residual fuel oil

8. The company should identify the end uses it considers to be entitled to the 100 parcent of current requirements allocation level. Information sufficient to document that such identified uses do, in fact, qualify for "current requirements" shall also be furnished. Also furnish for each such end use or process by month the last twelve months' usage and the proposed usage for the next twelve months in BTUs based on expected natural gas availability of: a. Natural gas b. Residual fuel oil

9. Description of efforts and contacts made to find a supplier if unahle to do so (if applicable).

10. Statement from current supplier(s) as to willingness to supply increased volumes (if applicable).

2.3,13 11. Status of appeal to State Public Utility Commissionor Federal Power Commission for relief from naturalgas curtailment. Where applicable, the following: a. Copy of decision b. When filed c. Current status

12 Status of state set-aside request (if applicable).

13. Statement as to availability and efforts made to purchase surplus residual fuel oil.

14. Update on ongoing basis of natural gas availability. Advise the company to notify FEA of any change in naturalgas availahility for the period tovered byany approval. Before alproval is granted fora subsequent period, a statement of actual volumes received during the approval period shouldbe furnished.

EXAMPLE CASE RESOLUTION

(Alternate fuel allocation level 100 percent of base period use)

236,600 177,450 X

Base period con- Natural gas to be sumption of natural available (MCF) gas(MCF)

0 1,035,000 X

Conversions to alter- BTU/MCP nate energy source (equivalent MCF)

0 91,500 669,074

BTU/gal. alternate Gal. alternate fuel fuel INFORMATION REQUIRED FROM COMPANIES BEING CURTAILED FROM NATURAL GAS WHERE PROPANE OR BUTANE IS REQUESTED AS AN ALTERNATE FUEL INDER SECTION 211.12(h).

1. Description of business including a brochure, if available.

2. Estimate of effect that denial of the request would have after taking into consideration the availability ofnon- Canadian impdrts.

3. Notice of curtailment. (Should show beginning month curtailment will be in effect, and ending month if not on a 12 month basis).

4. Volume of propane or butane requested on a monthly basis.

5. Expected availability of natural gas in MCF by month for the period for which approval is requested as furnished by the natural gas supplier.

6. Total monthly purchases during propane base period in BTU and MCF (or gallons as appropriate) of: a. Propane b. Butane c. Natural gas

7. Natural gas, propane and butane uses since the base period that have been changed to an alternate energy source. Show the following: a. Each end use or process b. For each end use or process the propane base'period use by month in BTUs cf: -- Natural gas -- Propane Butane

8. The company should identify 'the end uses it considers to be enti.tled to the 100 percent of current requirements allocation level. Information sufficient tO document that such identified usee-do, in fact, qualify for "current requirements" shall also be furnished. Also furnish for each such end use or process by month the last twelve months' usage and the proposed usage for the next twelve months in BTUs basedon expected natural gas availability of: a. Natural gas b. Propane c. Butane

2.3.15 9. Where the applicant is using natural gas for boiler fuelor space heating, the natural gas, propane and butane base period use by month during propane base period is needed. Separately identify space heating and boiler fuel usage. Show separately for each end uSe or process by month thepropane base period use in BTUs of: a. Natural gas P. Propane c. Butane

10. The company is required to identify processes (end uses) that can he converted to alternate energy sources (other

than propane, butane or natural gas) . Request the company to furnish supporting documentation to justify its continued use of natural gas, propane or butane. Documentation may include but is not limited to statements by or studies conducted by recognized consultants such as engineering firr attesting to the technical feasibility of usingan alternate energy source. If conversion is technically practical, company should furnish schedule for conversion. Where conversion to an alternate source of energy is not under active consideration, the company should furnish a detailedex- planation including estimated const, engineering practibility, environmental considerations, competitive factors, etc.

11. Proposal by the applicant to use its own stored product if applicable.

12. Status of appeal to State Public Utility Commission or Federal Power Commission for relief from natural gas curtailment. Where applicable, the following: a. Copy of decision b. When filed c. Current status d. If not filed -- Why not? Filing plans?

13. Status of state set-aside request (if applicable).

14. Statement as to why non-Canadian imports are not being purchased and used to offset expected curtailment.

15 Update on ongoing basis of natural gas availability. Advise the company to notify PEA of any change in natural gas availability for the period covered by any approval. Before approval is granted for a subsequent period, a statement of actual volumes received during the approval period should he furnished.

2.3.16 16. Industrial users requesting assignments ofpropane or butane which will be processed bya gas utility for industrial uses should furnish FEA with the following in additionto the above information as applicable: a. A statement that delivery of product through a utility is necessary; b. A written verification that the applicant hasno facilities to use a fuel other than pipelinegas;, c. A copy of the applicants agreement, with the utility company concerning the financial and logistical arrangements for the product requested; d. Complete information on the extent of curtailment being experienced or projected; e. A statement from the utility that furnishing propane or butane to the applicant in this manner is consistent with all applicable Federal and State laws, regulations, and orders.

FEA Guide to Alternate Fuels (Curtailment Situation) (Butane omitted as unlikely candidate)

T'Pl.:A:T DUPE APPLY TO

, erce, rid 1 Cd, 1dd

rldiledfreill JAW- 1--11111_

F FA IT/ ic dtrld I relict!

dderildteid

m TEA WiPdiadet,,

cletlyery directly cleitribut, ,,cidlod I--.

I E A Reorldi 011 Le

till?, dr,t,

. 0 4

2.3,17 FEDERAL ENERGY of base period uses of and assignmente of (1) Coal of equalizing...allocation fractions ADMINISTRATION suppliers for wholesale purchaser-consumers among suppliers; and and end-users of alternate fuels (other than (II) Capability of supplier to supplynew CURTAILED ENERGY usERs whoce supplies of a source of en- customers on short notice. (Logistical prob- ergy have been or may be subject to cur- ; available inventories in the purchaser's Guidelines for Adjustments and tailment or abandonment of service pursuant Assignments of Alternate Fuels to a plan flied in compliance with an order On January 25, or rule of a Federal or State agency. Bee (2) FF,A should weigh the relative alloca- 1975,the Federal 2I1.12(h) of the Mandatory Petroleum Al- tion fractions heavily in selection of a sup- Energy Administration Issued "Guide- location Regulations 110 CFR 211.12(h) I. plier for assignment orders. The two or three lines for Adjustments and Assignments "Alternate fuel" means any allocated prod- available suppliers.with the highest fractions of Propane and Butane to Purchasers uct which Is used as a substitute for a source should receive the major share /of assign- Whose Supplies of a Source of Energy of energy which Is subject to curtailment or ments in each region. Obviously, other sup- Have Been or May be Curtailed as Pro- abandonment of service toursuant to a plan pliers may have to share if the volüme isso vided by 10 CFR 211.12 (h)" (40 FR 4485, filed in compliance with an order or rule of a great that logistical or supply problems are January 30, 1975). Because of the nat- Federal or State agency. raised by assigning to only two or three arms. 2. General. (a) ,These guidelines are to be In some cases it may not be possible to as- ural gas curtailments anticipated for the used by PEA Naticinal and Regionel ofacea sign a supplier or make an adjustment be- 1975-1976 winter, FEA expects there will in considering applications for adjustments cause of the impact of such an assigninent be increasing requests by curtailed nat- or adjustment upon available suppliers. ural gas users for supplier assimments or and assignments pursuant _to....10 CFR 211.12 (h) Assignments and adjustments pursu- base period use adjustments for alternate (h). They do not constitute regUla-tions, and ant to 10 CFR 211.12(h) shall not be made thus an applicant not coming exactly within for purchasers in circumstances where no fuels subject to the Mandatory Petro- the scope of these guidelines should not as- enrtailment specified In 10 CFR 211.12(h) leum Allocation Regulations (10 (Jnt, sume that its application will necessarily be has occurred or may occur. Assignments and Part 211). Since alternate fuels could be denied. Applicants whose applications are adjustments for end-users and wholesale denied may seek review of such denials under purchaser-consumers which have- not been allocable products other than propane 10 CFR, Part 205, Subpart 1-1, to urge that curtailed as specified in 10 CFR 211.12(h) and butane, PEA has expanded ita earlier application of these guidelines to the par- shall be consistent with the provisions of 10 ticular case is contrary to 10 CFR. 211.12(h) Guidelines for making assignmenti and or is otherwise inconsistent with PEA regu- CFR 211.12(e), 211.12(f) and 211.13. adjustments of propane and butane to lations. Conversely, the FEA need not ap- (1)End-users and wholesale purchaser- curtailed energy users pursuant to 10 ply these guidelines to all applications, and consumers should be advised of the availabil- CPR 211.12(h) ao that they now apply non-application of these guidelines In such ity of the State set-aside to meet hardship to all allocable products. The revised CasesIs not an adequate basis to support 31111 emergency requirements as provided by Guidelines are contained In the Appendix appeals from such decisions. 10 CFR 211.17. accompanying this Notice. (b) In reviewing a itquest for an as,Ign- 01 In evaluating an applicant's require- went or adjustment pursuant to § 211.11(h), ment.; for the purpose or assignment or ad- Although the revised Guidelines are consideration should be given to these guide- Msting its base period use, each use that the discretionary and are not rules or regu- hues and the criteria of 10 CPR, Parts 211 opplicant has for the fuel should be sepa- lations, PEA will accept written com- and 205 (Subparts B and C). fil doing Fr), rately assessed in accordancwith appropri- ments from interestedPersons with it may not be possible in nmny casesto ate allocation levek lit deteumininghether respect to these Guidelines. Data, views assign a supplier or grant an adjustment be- and the extent to which the assignment or or arguments concerning the Guidelines cause of the effect of the assignnwot or ad- adjustment Cali be loAde in light of prevail- justment upon available supplies of theit- supply conditions a:.(1 the effect such us. may be submitted to Executive Com- sig :nunications, Room 3309, Federal Energy termite fuel. ts nod adjustments would haVe upou (C) FEA Regional Oflices should inakc ad- outer purchasers or a supplier. Administration, Box ET, Washington, justments and assignments consistent tvitli cat PEA anticipates that most assignmeut; D.C. 20461. Continents should be identi- these guidelines and 10 CFR 211.12(b) for :,bd adjustments for propitne and butane will fied on the outside envelope and on docu- alternate fuels except that concurrence front under allocation level.; for Industrial uses, ments submitted to Executive Communi- PEA National Office should be obtained fOr The moit inip:attant of these uses is indus- cations, FEA, with the designation "Cur- any assignment or adjustment, regardlesz; of lri al use as a process or plant protection tailmentGuidelines."Fifteencopies volume. where such assignment or adjust- fuel as def:aed by In CFR 211.82. Other in- should be submitted by December 15, ment deviates from these guidelines. In ad- dustrial uses, soch as Ilse for boiler 1(101 or 1075 dition, National Office approval should be .1011..5 heating, are considered to be less 0- obtained whenever an adjustment or assign- e,11 11IFS ot prispane. hi it5 assessment of ap- Any information or data considered by ment would result In it wholesale purchaser- plications for such to,es. PEA will consider the person furnishing It to be confiden- consumer's receiving 10 the aggravate 250,000 he ability of applicants to CollVect to :01 tial must be so designated and sub- gallons or inure of propane in;toy perua, :.4y.-;tvrn which ;.-;fueled by an exter.,:y mitted in writing, one copy only. The corresponding to a base period. -p,pire. ...;.Pr thon prrva:Fe, hutaneor natural FEA reserves the right to determine the di Adjustments and rissignin(' !,'.wrisl- confidential statu.s of the information cutwith these guidelines and 1O CPU 211.12 n 100",,rat. iis not EPA's policy or data and to treat it according to its ill)will also apply to product', or aciivitles grant applic.c:.,ns!.or as=i;;Inlettlsand ad- itilinInisteredby the PEA olta3: i:itilivnt.1 of propane and butane tog. determination. b(t(ne, 1)01) requirements, cic IApplica- utilities experiencing curtailment sincepa,. I:1111111'i The Guidelines have been reviewed In tiOns concerning the,e matters sboultt1.e Ilre able IllerflelyeS torAirt.ul gas accordance withi Executive Order 11821 mitire tsed ar, follows: .crylce Or industrial end-users who pos:ess an alternate fuel capability. ami have been determined not to require FederalEnergy evaluation of their inflationary Impact. Acittunistrall'3. 2 tFEA maY grant13.-31:Itinal., ii,i- A Copy of tim Guidelines has been II.P .:1,1011,111.-;ofpropane or butinie to ;min- NW.,t,1 :Inn,- 'Ili t.' 131 \thit ive man-flitted to the Administrator oftb). 1..I.1111:1.1:.bpr e jit.111.1.FI .11..1 p: pr. p.1110 alp,1'.5/10pr,J),... Environmental Protection AgencyI or :,,1, proitiine itr his comments. tr'' tl. , F..' V iiOtUte1.0 a ea,-. .11111'IMtoil :t, '.1, tor L;v1:,-41!.1:iiand traZitat!,:ial; t The "Guidelines for Adjwitments and ('1.1.0211.12011 :.11p)11.I I (Pp,. ; ::1(b1::tri.,i user ineaSeppll'iform Assignments of Propane and Butane to 1110appriTriAte A: 11 pk,,: 1+11) equI3ialeni Thi:; procedure Plirclutsers Whose Supplies of a Source of Part 205 of to cl.'N ittlo Ippj,...t.I.11 lilyIII11101.0 11.Per bear:. 1.11e ii,',1,21motil. orders:111.i1itil1,,i.,r . of Bnergy ffave Been or May Be Cur- !hp. pr.Pdliet abrl %tiled 11-', Provided by 10 CPR 211 12111) 1111 1,11.1.(...;,,R, i,,A ,;1 F..: p.1 pprmA., P on iou lFrnnstr.. !--:wed January 25 1 co';5 4() pH 4485 h. ht. (1;(,-t,.11:: ;11!.; 1975 H are hereby rt!voketi. .;,1;e1A. 1.s;oled iiW:ishitwii, C r n rba!, I . . ',c It;' ri 10 ,;pr.e'f,d Ir I I wpil Appl1 : F::, F'vlern!n1,1 (.1".l1; I 'I: !nit; (i!en,tr,ri pp, 1.1.e eneel. I hal te aP,I1 rfl-!...

1.,. I 1' 'ber.,; 1:1.11.: n I P. 1I'11... (1,,,piPopp. ' "I Ifler.001,1. 1 pF. If.j,!j t (*,, "porlIP 11.. W ,,1 r7a pap o. pp. rp. .1 i.111,01,11I 11 yrFt, ,Ft Ir P r "n r rc P ,.11 III oils' FIT it II, 1i (,.( I.%

:tut.10:11.,,t., ts,10.,1 1 , rrA,. Me A iscuttlai ell. 111113 rar t ..p' ' 1 tegtil i'voct P d .. (I) A statement that delivery of product the general principles or these guidelines. through a utility ts necessary; (b) Allocation levels tubjeet to an alloca- (II) A written verification that the appli- tion fraction.(1) Otte hundred percent of cant has no facilities to USe a fuel other than current requirements stAbleet to art alloca- pipeline gas; tion /raztiOn.(1) A decision to assign A (11I) A copy of the applicant's agreement base period supplier to an ftpplicant which with the utility company concerning the fi- does uot.have a base period supplier of an nancial and logistical arrangements for the alternate tuel and which is entitled to an product requested; allocation level of one hundred percent of (iv) Complete informition on the extent current rairements subject to an alloca- of curtailment being experienced or pro- tion fraction should be made in accordance jected; with the provisions of 10 CPR, Part 205, Sub- (v) Volume of propane or butane request- part C. ed as alternate fuel; and (II) Since this allocation level is expressed (v1) A statement froM the utility that in terms of current requirements, an ad- furnishing propane or butane to the appli- justment of base period use pursuant to 10 cant in this manner Is consistent with all CPR 211.12(h) cannot be made. To the ex- applicable Federal and State laws, regula- tent that these users have increased current tions and orders. requirements they should follow the proce- (4i FEA evaluation and treatment of av- dures under 10 CPR 211.19(d) which re- plieations.(1) FEA may contact the utility quire that the user certify ita Increased re- involved to verify that the coat of purchase. quirementa to its base period supplier. Ordi- storage, and gasification and the transmis- narily PEA or the appropirate State office will sion of a gaseous fuel of an equal BTU con- be involved only if a validation of such in- tent is to be borne solely by the applicant. creased current requirements is required. Information on the utility's inventories of (2) Percent of base period use subject to a propane or butnne may also be requested. fraction.(1) Assignments of a supplier and (Il)The application will be evaluated a base period we may be made if the appli- and a determination on the appropriate vol- cant does not have a base period supplier nine to be assigned will be made based on and base period use. The assigned basr pe- criteria outlined below in Section 3(b) (2) riod use should be calculated in the follow- of these guidelines. ing manner: (III)Applicatitns for butane should be Determine in BTU's the amount of energy submitted to the National FEA at the ad- consumed by the petitioner in each base dress given In 2(d) above. Applications for period. Rase periods shall be the same as propane should be submitted to the appro- that for the particular allocable product priate FEA regional office. being requested as an alternate fuel. (I) Applicants seeking assignment and ad- Where any process or end-use which uti- justments of propane and butane should be lized volumea of the curtailed energy source strongly urged to seek Immediate assistance during the base period hat, since been dis- In obtaining supplies of natural gas r rom continued or converted to uee another source the Federal and State agencies which have of energy other than the alternate fuel being regulatory authority over suppliers or sup- sought, the BTU value of the product used plies of natural gas and to take adequate for such discontinued or converted process steps to protect themselves from future cur- or and-use should be subtracted from the tailments by Installing an energy sy.iteni total amount of energy corummed during the whichIscapable of being fueled by an base period. miergy source other than natural gas, pro- Subtract the BTU value of the Volume of pane or butane, the curtailed source of energy which is or (m) 1, ,oluatIng an application for as- will be available after curtailment during the signment ni Ajustrnent of propane and On - period corresponding to the base period for tane PEA ld consider the extentto the allocable product which is being sought which the e.: -143, system which is capable as an alternate fuel. of being fueled by an energy source other Convert the BTU difference Into wilume of than natural gas, propane or butane Is tech- allocable product being requested. This vol- nically feamibIe for meeting the applicant's ume is the maximum base perlod use which energy requirements. FEA should consider should generally be assigned for the period what steps have heen taken to obtain an corresponding to the base perlcd. alternate fuel capability, FEA should also (11)If the applicant has an establiahed consider the extent to which au applicant. base period use for an allocable product as has exhaustedits administrative remedies an alternate fuel, an adjustment may be through the Federal and E'ate agencies made If circumstances permit. An adjust- which have regulatory authority over sup- ment to base period use should be ejaculated pliers or supplies of natural gas. in the following manner; 3. Allocation levels. As noted, care should Determine in BTU a the total amount of be taken to ascertain the proper allocation energy (energy amuses subject to curtail- level for the end-user or wholesale purcluts- ment plus ail allocable products used) con- er.coneumer. sumed by the petitioner In the base period. (a) Allocation levels not subject to an allo- Base periods shall be the same as that for cation fraction.(1)Agricultural Produc- the particular allocable product being re- tion,(1) Assignments of base period sup- quested ea an alternate fuel. pliers for end-users and wholesale purcha.ser- Where Any process or end-use which uti- consumers without a base period supplier ;Med volumes of the curtailed energy source with access to the allocation level for agri- during the base period bee since been dis- cultural production should be made In ac- continued or converted to use another source cordance with the provisions 10 CFR, Part of energy other than the alternate fuel being 205, Subpart C. sought, thhe STU value of the product used (II) Since this allocation level Is expressed for such discontinued or converted process in terms of current requirements, an ad- or end-use should be subtracted from the justment of ba.se period use pursuant to 10 total amount of energy consumed during tbe CFR 211.12(h) cannot be made. Ordinarily base period. the applicant will not apply for increased Subtract the BTU value of the volume of current requirements since his supplier win the curtailed source of energy which Is and have certified those requirements pursuant will be available after curtailment during to 10 CFR 21E13(d). Thus, FEA will gen- the period corresponding to the base period erally be Involved only VI the extent that for which the adjustment to base period a dispute as to whether a claim forIn- use in being sought. creased requirement le valid 110 CFR 211.12 Convert the STU difference into volume of 1(1)141 IUsual %alidatIon procedures should allocable product for which An adjustment be pursued inthese instances to deter- has been requeeted. mine the extent of any inersased current Subtract the base period use of alternate requirementa for agrleultural production. fuel for which the petition la. being made todetermine (2)Department of Defense11,1t.All se- the maximum adjustment eigiunents for Department of Defense arse aa which ithould geilerally be made forthe specified in tO CPR 211.20 shall he nie.tie by period corresponding to the ba..se period. the PTA National Office in accordInce with I FIL Doc 75 :118.51Filet! II-21-75,10.2o amj

2.3.19 5 6 cases, it appears that neither the plain- Very occasionally, a heavy natural gas Section 2.4 tiffs (the end-users) nor the defendants user may be located sufficiently near a (the utilities) are anxious to become innatural gas producer to make it feasible Local Relief Options volved in commission hearings. So each to buy gas directly from him. Undertak- party tries to do its best to settle the ing such arrangements, however,will Before applying to the FPC for addi- problem between themselves.Itis im- probably be rather costlyif any long- tional supplies of natural gas (or to the portant, however, to alert the end-user distance pipelines must be constructed. FEA for an assignment of or an adjust- that this option is open to him if,in- This should be checked out. ment inhis alternate fuelallocation), deed, he feels that he is being given there are a number of options that the unfair treatment. Because of the disparate situations ex- enduser should explore. isting among the states, itis impossible Ifavarietyofnatural gas-dependent to outline a firm local option guide. The The first step and the easiest is to go to companies or industries located in a sin- above are suggested merely as starting his natural gas company, the distributor, gle community are suffering from cur- points. Once the local situation has been and tell him that for whatever reason he tailment, the community can undertake carefully and completely assessed, a needs.more gas. This request can some- a strong conservation campaign to try number ot other specific avenues win times be met if the distributor has some to minimize the demands being made probably arise. In any event,itis im- operationalflexibility.Thedistributor on available supplies. For example, when portant to make sure that every attempt will he cooperative, when possible, be- Danville,Virginia, was suffering from is made to work with the distribution cause the gas utilities have an interest curtailments in 1974-75, a number of companies, which often have sufficient inmaintaining heaRhy customer rela- conservation efforts were launched, in- flexibility to solve the end-user's prob- tionships. Distributors also want the co- cluding radio broadcasts by locals advo- lem. Each of the above avenues should operationand activeparticipationof cating conserving gas to preserve jobs, be explored before turning to the FPC their customers in curtailments, so they merchants setting their thermostats atfor help;in most cases, the FPC will try to maintain as good a relationship as 65° and placing posters intheir win- ask ifthese have been explored first possible.For example,thesituation dows, taking out fun-page ads inthe a nyway. might arise when the distribution com- local newspapers, and banners hanging pany must call the enduser and tell him across main streets. that they are being forced to cut back deliveriesbecause they do nothave enough gas. The user may be asked to reduce his production in order to con- Options at Local (Regional) Level sume less gas.If the distribution company wants this type of cooperation, it should be willing to help out the end- Curtailed Party Resource or user at other times. Fuel Option Who Responds? There may be times, too, when the end- user cannot acquire any natural gas. For avarietyofreasohsthedistribution company cannot come up with additional State fuel office suppliesoroperationalflexibility,at least on its own initiative. In this situation there are two steps that are avail- alternate fuel FEA able to the end-user: "pooling" and ap- pealing to the State public utility com mission. The second stepisnormally distributor notinitiateduntilallattempts at the first have proven fruitless. Sometimes. when suppliesofnatural gas areini-idequateto provide for all end-user(s) needs in a given local distribution system. the industrial users supplied by a single distribution company willtry to settle the problem among themselves. industrial pooling If,fz:)r some reason. pooling does not work. then the end user can file for re- nnaturalgas itf t)ef,)re t!le State public ttlsty com missi,n awl the cr;mmissinn wdl decide whot),..rirrir;t t*.)1,1 a hearine; CM his pipeline behaif.Ply.;tisualh;is done when the nnLt fo;fls tt !)0 has been treated rirtf,tIrivC,t,ner,tily, this not a particu- purchase from 1;trly attractive 4)n. First, hecause the intrastate producer c'l7.tailment plans, wHch f!rl't dre r,enerallyrithe tariff pro visins of the ijtility ,ropany approved dgeorn(mt ,eith hythecnnunission.thecomrnissinn ()Him clistribtitors 'nay ri.fuse to arxer,f hearing.or the end tISer nmy lost,the caso.Second. hoarinp.s usually reconre substantial time -,torav,end (;t!wr drlrl ran be nther cnmplic,itedIn most !o; hivc -1 Section 3 Federal Regional Council Offices (Areas included within each region are indica(ed on the map on the following page.)

Governmental and Region .. Regional Chairman Address Phone Industrial Organizations I ...... David W. Hays cio Federal Regional Council Secretariat, John F. Kennedy Bldg., 617-223-5421. Boston, Mass. 02203. Purpose S. William Green 26 Federal Plaza, New York, N.Y. 10007 212-264-8068. .... Daniel J.Snyder III Federal Bldg., 600 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa, 19106 215-597-9815. This section win serve primarily as an IV. Jack E. Bevan cio Federal -Regional Council, 1371 Peachtree St. NW , Atlanta, Ga. W4-526-2287. 30309. address book to be used by staff on lo- Norman Erbe 300 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, III. 60606 . 312-3534000. Ed Foreman clo Southwest Federal Regional Council, 1100 Commerce St.,214-749-1431. cation.Itwill permit them to contact Dallas, Tex. 75202. Government and industrial organizations VII Elmer E Smith Federal Office Bldg., 911 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. 64106 816-374-2661. \nu_ Samuel Martinez cro Federal Regional Council, Federal Bldg., 1961 Stout St , Denver,303-837-2741. to familiarize them with the specifics of Colo. 80202. IX...... Webster Otis...... 450 Golden Gate Ave., P.O. Box 36098, San Francisco, Chill. 94102 415-556.8200. their local problem. Bernard Kelly Arcade Plaza Bldg., 1321 2d Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98101 206-442-1593. Contents Federal Regions. Federal Executive Boards Department of Commerce FieldOf- Federal Executive Boards(FEBs)were established for the purpose of improving fices. internal Federal management practices in major metropolitan centers of Federal FederalEnergyAdministrationRe- activity. gional Offices. Federal Executive Boards serve as alternative lines of communication, in ad- State government energy offices. dition to the primary department and agency channels, for disseminating infor- Public utility commissions. mation within the Federal Government, for training, and for discussing Federal policies and activitie3 of special interest to the Presider.: and Federal executives Major trade associations in fuels. in the field. Major trade associations by SIC code. The Boards assist in mobilizing Federal field personnel in emergency situations, organize program or administrative specialists to work on management problems, and prepare special publications. The Boards also act as a focal point in concen- trating Federal resources in response to community-metropolitan needs. Federal Executive Boards are composed of heads of Federal field offices in the metropolitan area. A Chairman is elected annually by Board members, and other officers are appointed or elected from among the membership. Committees and task force; undertake the annual projects of the Boards. The Boards receive overall policy direction from the Office of Management and Budget. Currently, Federal Executive Boards are located in 25 cities which are important centers of Federal activity. These cities are: Alburquerque-Santa Fe, Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas- Ft. Worth, Denver, Detroit, Honolulu, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, N York, Newark, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland, St. Louis, San Francisco, Seattle, and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul). STANDARD FEDERAL REGIONS

Seattle

' eLoSA"

New 'fork

SanFranc.sco\ir

Atlanta 'VIRGIN t'.{.MIDti ,',,. )4.,',I,,1 '1

D3113% Fort Nortt

''UFRIn RICO y 1:=

3.1 Hours shown are Eastern Standard Time

U.S. Department of Commerce Field Offices ALABAMA LaJolla Birmingham NOA 11:00am - 7:30pm Dr.Brian J Rothschild, DIB 9:30am - 6:00pm Director, Southwest Fisheries Center, National Gayle C Shelton Jr Director, Suite 200, 908 S 20th Marine Fisheries Service, 8604 LaJolla Shores D St.,35205 (Area Code 205) Tel 325-3327 FTS325-3327 P.O.Box 271,92037 (Area Code 714) Tel 453-2820 FTS453-2820 Montgomery Long Beach EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm MA 11:15am 7:45pm John T Bagwell, James A Geesey, Economic Develop- Oliver T Henry, Heartwell Bldg, 19 Pine Ave, Suite ment Representatives, 732 Aronov Bldg.,474 S Court 507, 90802 (Area Code 213) Tel 437-2878 FT5831- St .36104 (Area Code 205) Tel 832-7125 FTS534- 9438 7125 Los Angeles ALASKA CEN 11:30am - 8:00pm C Michael Long, Regional Director, Regional Office, Anchorage 11209FederalOfficeBldg.,11000WilshireBlvd, DIB 1:30pm - 10:00pm 90024 (Area Code 213) Tel 824-7291 FTS 824-7291 Everett W Buness, Director, Room 412 Hill Bldg.,632 DIB 11:30am - 8:00pm Sixth Ave.,99501 (Area Code 907)Tel 265-5597 Eric C SilbersteinDirector,11201Federal Office EDA 11.30am - 8:00pm Bldg.,11000 Wilshire Blvd.90024 (Area Code 213) Tel Clyde S Courtnage. Economic Development 824-7591 FTS 824-7591 Representative Suite 455, 632, Sixth Ave.,99501 (Area EDA 11:30am - 8:00pm Code 907)Tel 265-5317 Wilfred Marshall Economic Development Representa- NOA 12:30pm - 9:30PM tive,11000 Wilshire Blvd, Room 11204,90024 (Area Code 213) Tel 824-7521 Stuart G Bigler, Director, Alaska Region, National Weather Service, 632 Sixth Ave 95501 (Area Code Oakland 907) Tel 265-4701 EDA 11:30am 8:00pm Juneau Hugh Taylor, Economic Development Representative, NOA 1.30pm - 10 00pm 77 Jack London Square, Suite K 94607 (AreaCode Harry L Rietze, Director, Alaska Region, National 415) Tel 273-7081 FTS 273-7081 Marine Fisheries Service PO Box 1668,99802 (Area Sacramento Code 907) Tel 586-7221 FT5206 442-0150 ask for907 EDA 11:30am - 8:00pm 586-7221 Ralph G Cowles, Economic Development Represen- tative, Room W-1446, 2800 Cottage Way, 95825 (Area ARIZONA Code 916) Tel 484-4314 FTS 484-4314 Phoenix San Francisco DIB 10:30am - 7:00pm DIB 11:3.0am8:00pm Donald W Fry Director, 508 Greater Arizona Savings Philip M Creighton, Acting Director, FederalBldg, Bldg.,112 N Central Ave.,85004 (Area Code 602) Box 36013, 450 Golden Gate Ave, 94102 (AreaCode Tel261-3285 FTS261-3285 415) Tel 556-5868 FTS 556-5868 EDA 10:30am - 7:00pm MA 11:15am - 7:45pm Paul A Luke, Carl D Metz,Economic Development Thomas J Patterson Jr, Western Region Director,450 Representatives. Suite 512,112 N Central Ave 85004 Golden Gate Ave, Box 36073, 94102 (AreaCode 415) (Area Code 602) Tel 261-3818 FT5261-3818 Tel 556-3816 FTS 556-3816 MBE 8:30am 5:00pm ARKANSAS Ramon Romero,Director,FederalBldg., Room Little Rock 15043, Box 36114, 450 Golden Gate Ave, 94102(Area EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm Code 415) FTS 556-7234 Willeen M Hough, Economic Development Represen- NTIS 11:30am - 8:00pm tative,P0 and Court Bldg, Rm151,72201 (Area Code Kyuma Mario, Chief, US Joint PublicationsResearch 501) Tel 378-5637 FT5378-5637 Service, Room 53, 100 McAllister St.. 94102(Area 415) Tel 556-3382 FTs 556-3382 CALIFORNIA SEC 11:30am 8:00pm Fresno Miguel P Barrios,Jr,Regional Manager Audits. EDA 11:30am - 8:00pm Federal Bldg., Box 31134,450 GoldenGate Ave, 94102 Nephi W Clayton, Economic Development Represen- (Area Code 415) Tel 556-7223 FTS556-7223 tative, Suite 101.2502 Merced St,93721 (Area Code San Pedro 209) FTS437-5356 MA 11:15am - 7:45pm

)

3.2 Hours shown are Eastem Standard Time CALIFORNIAContinued FLORIDA Peter Muntz, Area Representative, 825 S Beacon St, Room5, 90731 (Area Code 213) Tel 831-9281, Ext Miami 9508 FTS 831-9508 DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm Terminal Island Roger J LaRoche, Director, 821 City National Bank Bldg, 25 W Flagler St, 33130 (Area Code 305) Tel350- NOA 11:00am - 7:30pm 5267 FT5350-5267 Gerald V Howard, Director, Southwest Re- gion,National Marine Fisheries Service, 300 S Ferry NOA 8:00am - 4 30pm St ,90731 (Area Code 213) Tel 548-2575 FTS548-2575 Harvey R Bullis Jr,Director, Southeast Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia COLORADO Beach Drive 33149 (Area Code 305) 361-5761 Boulder 350-1111 NBS 10:00am 7:00pm St Petersburg B W Birmingham. Deputy Director,IBS/Boulder, NOA 8:00am - 4:30pm 80302 (Area Code 303) Tel 499-1000 Ext3237 FTS William H Stevenson. Director, Southeast Fiegiry, 499-3237 tional Marine Fisheries Service, Duvall 81(14.,',%4:,.1 NOA 10:00am7:00pm Gandy Blvd 33702 (Area Code 813) Tel 893-314 1 Dr Wilmot N Hess, Director EnvironmentalResearch 893-3141 Laboratories, 80302 (Area Code 303) Tel 499-1000 FTS 499-6357 Tallahassee EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm Alan H Shapley, Director, National Geophysical and John R. Jones, Economic Development Representki- Solor-Terrestrial Data Center 80302 (Area Code 303) Tel 499- 1000 FTS 499-6215 tive, Suite 203, 547 N Monroe St, 32304 (AreaCode 904) Tel 224-8525 FTS 377-4244 OT 8:00am - 5:00pm Douglass D Crombie, Acting Director, Institutefor GEORGIA Telecommunications Sciences. 80302 (Area Code Atlanta 303) Tel 499-1000 Ext 4215 FTS 499-1000. Ext 4215 Cen 8:30am - 5:00pm Denver Thomas W McWhirter, Regional Director,Regional CEN 9:30am - 6:00pm Office. 1401 Peachtree St, N.E. Room 569,30309(Area Walter A Freeman Jr. Regional Director, Regional Of- Code 404) Tel 526-5318 FTS 526-5318 fice, 10111 WestSixth Avenue 80255 POBox 25207 (Area Code 303) Tel FTS 234-3924 CPC 8:30am - 5:00pm Field Director (Vacant) Room 801Fulton .Federal DIB 1030am - 7:00pm Bldg 11 Pryor St, S.W. 30303 (Area Code404) FTS John G McMurtry, Director, Room 161, NowCustom 526-4482 House. 19th & Stout Sts, 80202 (Area Gude303) Tel 837-3246 FTS 837-3246 DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm David S Williamson,Director, Rm EDA 10:30am - 7:00pm 523, 1401 Peachtree St, N.E. 30309 (Area Code 404) Tel526- Reinhold P Rinne. Economic Development Represen- 6000 FTS 526-6000 tative, Suite 505 Title Bldg., 909 17th St, 80202(Area Code 303) Tel 837-3057 FTS 873-3057. EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm Leroy B Anderson, Economic Development Craig M Smith, Regional Director, Suite505 Title Representative, Suite 555, 1401 Peachtree St.,N.E. Bldg. 909 17th St. 80202 (Area Code 303) FTS837- 4714 30309 (Area Code 404) Tel 526-6388 FTS526-6388 Fort Collins Charles E Oxley. Regional Director, Suite555, 1401 Peachtree St N.E. 30309 (Area Code 404) Tel526- NBS Open 24 Hrs 6401 FTS 526-6401 John B Milton, Engineer in Charge, WWV/WWVB (LF and VLF) Radio Station, 2000 East County Road 58. MBE 8:30am5:00pm 80521 (Area Code 303) Tel 484-2228 FTS 484-2228 Charles F McMillan,Director,Suite505,1371 Peachtree St., N.E. 30309 (Area Code 404)FTS 526- CONNECTICUT 5091 Hartford SEC 8:00am - 4:30pm DIB 8'.30am - 5:00pm NatalieMicka,RegionalManagerAudits, 1365 Richard C Kilbourn. Director, Room 610B Federal Of- Peachtree St., N.E. Room 430, 30309 (Area Code404) fice Bldg, 450 Main St, 06103 (Area Code 203) Tel Tel 526-5578 FTS 526-5578 244-3530 FTS 244-3530 Savannah EDA 8.30am - 5:00pm DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm CharlesN Hammarlund. Economic Development James W McIntire, Director, 235 US Court Representative. 60 Washington St, 06106 (Area Code House & Post Office Bldg., 125-29 Bull St, 31402(Area Code 203) Tel 244-2336 FTS 244-2336 912) Tel 232-4204 FTS 232-4321 Ext 204

3 3 Hours shown d re Eastern Standard Tlme HAWAII INDIANA Honolulu Indianapolis D16 1 30pm - 10 0013m DIB 9:30am6:00pm John S Davies. Director. 286 Alexander Young Bldg, Milton R Sherar, Trade Specialist-in-Charge, Room 1015 Bishop Street, 96813 (Area Code 808) Tel 546- 357 Federal Bldg & U S Courthouse, 46 R. Ohio St, 8694 46204 (Area Code 317) Tel 269-6214FT5 269-6214 NOA 1.30pm - 10 00pm EDA 9:30am 6:00pm Director, Charles M Woffinden, National Weather Ser- William E Wilson, Economic De% alopment Represen- vice. Box 3650. Bethel-Pauahi Bldg, Room 516, 96811 tative, Room 414 Federal Courts Bldg, 46 E Ohio Tel 808 546-5680 Street.46204 (Area Code 317) Tel 269-6210 FTS 269- Kekaha, Kauai 6210 NBS Open 24 Hrs Jeffersonville Engineer in Charge, Radio Station WWVH, Box 417, CEN 8:00am4:30pm 96572 (Area Code 808) Tel Kauai 335-4361 0 Bryant Benton, Chief, Data Preparation Division, 1201 E 10th St , 47130 (Area Code 812) Tel 283-3511 IDAHO Ext 344 FTS 283-1344 Boise IOWA EDA 11 30am - 8.00pm Des Moines Aldred F Ames, Economic Development Representa- tive, Room 473 New Federal Bldg. 6th & Fort St, DIB 9:30am - 6:00pm 83702 (Area Code 208) Tel 342-2711 Ext 2521 FTS Jessie N Durden. Director, 609 Federal Bldg., 210 342-2521 Walnut St.. 50309 (Area Code 515) Tel 284-4222 FTS 284-4222 ILLINOIS KANSAS Ca rbond ale Kansas City EDA 8 30am 5 00pm CEN 9:30am6:00pm Arnold E Ramsey, Economic Development Represen- Rex Pullen,RegionalDirector,RegionalOffice, tative, Suite D 606 East Main St, 62901 (Area Code Gateway Center, 4th & State Sts.. 66101 (Area Code 618) Tel 549-0765 FTS 525-4200 816) Tel 374-4601 Chicago Pittsburg CEN 9 30arr6 00pm CEN 9:30am6:00pm Forrest P Cawley Jr, Regional Director, Regional Of- Francis N Allai, Acting Chief. Personal Census Ser- fice. 536 S Clark St, Room 1085, 60605 (Area Code vice Branch. Walnut and Pine Sts, 66762 (Area Code 312) Tel 353-6251 FTS 353-6251 316) Tel 231-7100 DIB 9 30am 6:00pm Gerald M Marks, Director. 1406 Mid Continental Plaza- KENTUCKY Bldg,505 East Monroe St. 60603 ( Area Code 312) Tel Hopkinsville 353-6957 FTS 353-6957 EDA 9:30am - 6.00pm ECA 8.30am - 500pm William G Glasscock, Economic Development James EPeterson, Regional Director. 1025 Civic Representative, P 0 Box 241, 210 East 9th St, 42240 Towers Bldg, 32 West Randolph St, 60601 (Area Code (Area Code 502) Tel 885-5311 312) Tel 353-7706 FTS 353-7706 Lexington MA 9:30am - 6:00pm EDA 9:30am 6:00pm Market Development Specialist, (Vacant) 1486 New Economic Development Representative (Vacant) 190 Federal Bldg, 219 South Dearborn St, 60604 (Area N Upper St, Room 112. 40507 (Area Code 606) Tel Code 312) Tel 353-7514 FTS 353-7514 252-2312 Ext 2596.FTS 252-2596 OMBE 8:30am - 5.00pm LOUISIANA John Smith, Director, Suite 1438, 55. E Monroe St, Baton Rouge 60603 (Area Code 312) Tel 353-8375 FTS 353-8375 EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm SEC 9:30am6:00pm Charles R Pate, Economic Development Representa- William L Tibbs, Regional Manager Audits, Mid-Con- tive, Room 301-302 Federal Bldg & Court House, 707 tinental Plaza Bldg.. Room 1411. 55 East Monroe Florida Blvd 70801 (Area Code 504) Tel 348-0181 Ext St,60603 (Area Code 312) Tel 353-7168 FTS 353-7188 227 FTS 348-4227 Clearing New Orleans NBS 9:30am6 00pm MB 9.30am - 6:00pm B F Banks, in Charge.Master Railway Track Scale Eowm A Leland Jr, Director, 432 International Trade Depot. 5800 West 69tnSt, Are. t.,1! -4-f,c's Is4 2C:Ar,aiStreet. 70130 (Area Code 504) Tel 0655 :;89-6546 FIS 589-6546

3.4 Moors shown are Eastern Standard Time LOUISIANAContinued MICHIGAN MA 8:30am5:00pm Detroit Frank X McNerney, Central Region Director,701 Loyola Ave, (Area Code 504) Tel 589-6556 FTS 589- CEN 8:30am - 5:00pm Robert G McWilliam Regional Director, Regional Of- 6568 fice, 2100 Washington Blvd Bldg, 234 State St., 48226 MAINE (Area Code 313) Tel 226-7742 FTS 226-7742 Augusta DIB 8:30am5:00pm William Welch Director, 445 Federal Bldg, 230 W Fort EDA 8:30am 5:00pm St, 48226 (Area Code 313) Tel 226-3650 FTS 226-3650 Philip H Bertram, Economic Development Represen- tative, Room 101C Federal Office Bldg, 40 Western NOA 8:00am - 4:30pm Ave. 04330 (Area Code 207) Tel 622-6171 Ext 272 FTS Cdr.Darren W Crawford,Director,Lake Survey 622-6271 Center, National Ocean Survey, 630 Federal Bldg and U S Court House,48226 (Area Code 313) FTS 226- MARYLAND 6161 Annapolis Lansing OT 8 30am - 5 00pm EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm Stanley I Cohn. Director, ECAC Liaison Office, 1923-4 James L Collison, Economic Development Represen- West St, 21401 I, Area Code 301) Tel 261-2688 tative, 112 E Allegan St., Room 306,48933 (Area Code Baltimore 517) Tel 372-1621 DIB 830,an - 5.00pm MINNESOTA Carroll F Hopkins. Director. 415 Customhouse. Gay Bemidji and Lombard Sts. 21202 (Area Code 301) Tel 962- 3560 FTS 962-3560 EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm Stanley J Pechaver, Economic Development Frostburg Representative, 415 Federal Bldg 56601 (Area Code OT 8 30am - 5:00pm 218) Tel 751-4415 FTS 725-4242 Elmer C Rexrode. Supervisor, IRAC Computer Sup- Duluth port Section. 2nd Floor American Legion Bldg, 21532 (Area Code 301) Tel 689-8873 FTS 800-540-1170 EDA 9:30am 6:00pm John B Arnold III, Economic Development Represen- MASSACHUSETTS tative 407 Federal Bldg, 515 W. First St.. 55802 (Area Code 218) Tel 727-6326 FTS 727-6326 Boston DIB 8:30am5 00pm Minneapolis RiThard F Treadway, Director, 441 Stuart St, 10th FL DIB 9:30am - 6:00pm 02116 (Area Code 617) Tel 223-2312 FTS 223-2312 Glenn A Matson, Director, 306 Federal Bldg, 110 S Fourth St, 55401 (Area Code 612) Tel 725-2133 FTS CEN 8:30am5:00pm 725-2133 Arthur G Dukakis. Regional Director, Regional Office. 441 Stuart St. 10th FL 02116 (Area Code 617) Tel 223- MISSISSIPPI 2327 FTS 223-2327 Jackson EDA 8.30am - 5.00pm EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm William A Fitzhenry. Economic'Development Bobby D Ainsworth, Economic Development Representative. 441 Stuart St, 02116 (Area Code 617) Representative, 630 Milner Bldg, 210 S Lamar St, Tel 223-6468 FTS 223-6468 39201 (Area Code 601) Tel 969-4342 FTS 969-4342 Gloucester NOA 8.00am4.30pm MISSOURI Russell T Norris. Director, Northeast Region, Na- Crestwood tional Marine Fisheries Service. Federal Bldg, 14 Elm EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm- Sti.eet. 01930 (Area Code 617) Tel 281-0640 FTS 281- Forrest E Koch, Economic Development Representa- 0640 tive,Crestwood Bank Bldg., Room 201,9705 US Highway 66. 63126 (Area Code 314) FTS 425-3309 LouisJFlonsivalli,Director,NortheastUtilization Research Center, National Marine Fisheries Service. Kansas City Emerson Avenue. 01930 (Area Code 617) Tel 283- DIB 9:30am - 6:00pm 6600 George H Payne, Director, Room 1840, 601 E 12th Woods Hole St,64106 (Area Code 816) Tel 374-3142 FTS 374-3142 NOA 00,1,n.A Wprn NOA 7.00am 4:00pm Or Ho hert FdwardsDirector. Northeast Fisheries Charles G Knudsen, Director, Central Region, Na- Center.Nat,Jnal Marine FisheriesService. 02543 tiOnal Weather Service, Room 1836, 601 E 12th St, (Area Code 617) Tel 548-5123 64106 (Area Code 816) Tel 374-5464 FTS 374-5464

.3.5 Hours shown are Eastern Standard Time

MISSOURIContinued Robert F Magee, Director, 1312 Federal Bldg, 111 St Louis West Huron St, 14202 (Area Code 716) Tel 842-3208 DIB 9:30am 6:00pm FTS 842-3208 Donald R Loso, Director, 120 South Central Avenue Garden City 63105 (Area Code 314) Tel 622-4243 FTS 425-3302 NOA 8:00am - 4:30pm Silvio G Simplicio, Director, Eastern Region Nation& MONTANA Weather Service, 585 Stewart Avenue 11530 (Area Butte Code 516) Tel 248-2101 FTS 212-995-8633 EDA 10:30am8:00pm Kings Point Mary A Row ling, Economic Development Representa- MA 8:00am - 4:30pm tive, Feder& Office Bldg, 59701 (Area Code 406) Tel Arthur B Engel, Superintendent, US Merchant Marine 723-3382 FTS 723-3382 Academy, 11024 (Area Code 516) Tel 482-8200 Ext NEVADA 349 FTS 482-8200 Reno National Maritime Research Center, U S Merchant Marine Academy, 11024 (Areh Code 516) Tel 482-8200 DIB 10:30am - 7:00pm FTS482-8200 Joseph J Jeremy, Director, 2028 Federal Bldg, 300 Booth St 89502 (Area Code 702) Tel 784-5203 FTS New York City 784-5203 CEN 8:30am - 5:00pm John C Cullinane;--Regional Director, Regional Office, NEW JERSEY 41st Floor Federal Office Building, 26 Federal Plaza Highlands 10007 (Area Code 212) Tel 264-3860 FTS 264-3850 NOA 8:00am4:30pm DIB 8:45am - 5:15pm Dr C J Sindermann, Director, Middle Atlantic Coastal Arthur C Rutzen, Director, 41st Floor Federal Bldg, 26 Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service Federal Plaza 10007 (Area Code 212) Tel 264-0634 Box 428, 07732 (Area Code 201) Tel 872-0200 FTS FTS 264-0600 872-0200 Joseph Lucciola, Agent-in-Charge, Compliance Divi- Newark sion, 3721 Federal Office Bldg, 26 Federal Plaza 10007 (Area Code 212) Tel 264-1365 FTS 264-1365 DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm Clifford R Lincoln, Director. Gateway Bldg, 4th Floor Alton B Ashendorf, Manager, Exhibits Transportation 07102 (Area Code 201) Tel 645-6214 FTS 645-6214 Section, 3719 Federal Office Bldg, 26 Federal Plaza 10007 (Area Code 212) Tel 264-8990 FTS 264-8990 Trenton MA 8:30am5:00pm EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm Clifford Thomas A King, Eastern Region Director, 26 Federal 'J Rossignol, Economic Development Plaza,10007 (Area Code 212) Tel 264-1300 FTS 264- Representative, Federal Bldg. 402 E State St, Room 1300 501. 08608 (Area Code 609) Tel 599-3511 E0 244 FTS 599-3244 MBE 8:30am - 5:00pm Newton Downing,Director, 26 FederalPlaza, NEW MEXICO Rm3714, 10007 (Area Code 212) FTS 264-3262 Albuquerque SEC 8:30am - 5:00pm DIB 10:30am - 7:00pm Wilbur Weisel, Regional Manager Audits, 26 Federal WUam E Dwyer. Director, U. S. Courthouse, Room Plaza, Federal Bldg, Room 4146,10007 (Area Code 316, 87101 (Area Code 505) Tel 766-2386 FTS 766- 212) Tel 264- 1252 FTS 264-1252 2386 NORTH CAROLINA Santa Fe Asheville EDA 10:30am - 7:00pm NOA 8:00am - 4:30pm James S Swearingen,Economic Development William H Haggard,Director,NationalClimatic Representative. Room 209 Federal Bldg, Cathedral 'Center, Fed. Bldg, 28801 (Area 'Code 704) Tel 258- Place, 87501 (Area Code 505) Tel 988-6557 FTS 988- 2850 FTS 254-0236 6557 Beaufort NEW YORK NOA 7:45am - 4:30pm Albany Dr Theodore R Rice,Director,Atlantic Estuarine Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, EDA 8.30am - 5-00pm PO Box 570 28516 (Area Code 919) Tel 728-4595 Michael Daley. Economic Development Representa- tive,100 State St. Room 939, 12207 (Area Code Chadotte 518)Tel 472-3688 FTS 472-3688 CEN 8:30am - 5:00pm Buffalo Joseph R Norwood, Regional Director, Regional Of- fice. 510 Addison Bldg, 222 S Church St., 28202 (Area DIB 8:30am - 5 30pm Code 704) Tel FTS 372-7471

3.6 Hours shown are Eastern Standard Time NORTH CAROLINAContinued PENNSYLVANIA Greensboro Philadelphia DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm CEN 8:30am 5:00pm Joel B New, Director, 203 Federal Bldg, West Market Porter Rick(ey, Regional Director, Regional Office, St., PO Box 1950, 27402 (Area Code 919) Tel 275- 600 Arch Street 19106 (Area Code 215) Tel 597-4920 9111 Ext. 345 FTS 275-5345 FTS 597-4920 Raleigh DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm CPC 8:30am - 5:00pm Patrick P. McCabe, Director, 9448 Federal Building, Dr Leigh Hammond, North Carolina Field Director, B- 600 Arch St 19106 (Area Code 215) Tel 597-2850 FTS 41 Administration Bldg, PO Box 1351,27605 (Area 597-2850 Code 919) FTS 828-9158 EDA 8:30am 5:00pm EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm Anthony M Pecone, Economic Development Dale R Jones, Economic Development Representa- Representative, 10424 Federal Bldg, 600 Arch St tive, 310 New Bern Ave, Room 314 Federal Bldg, 19106 (Area Code 215) Tel 597-2811 FTS 597-2811 27611 (Area Code 919) Tel 755-4570 FTS 755-4570 John E Corrigan, Regional Director, Federal Bldg, 600 Arch St (Area Code 215) Tel 597-4603 FTS 597- NORTH DAKOTA 4603 Bismark Pittsburgh EDA 10:30am - 7:00pm DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm Cornelius Grant, Economic Development Represen- Newton Heston, Jr. Director, 2002 Federal Bldg, 1000 tative, PO Bldg, Box 1911.58501 (Area Code 701) Tel Liberty Ave., 15222 (Area Code 412) Tel 644-2850 FTS 255-4321 FTS 701-255-4321 644-2850 OHIO PUERTO RICO Athens Hato Rey EDA 8.30am - 5.00pm EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm Philip F Lavelle, Economic Development Representa- (Vacant),Economic DevelopmentRepresentative, tive. Security Bank Bldg, Room 405, 45701 (Area Pan Am Bldg. 255 Ponce de Leon Ave,00917 (Area Code 614) Tel 593-8146 FTS 216 522-3131 Code 202) Tel 967- 1221 ask for 809 963 6363, Ext 436 Cincinnafi San Juan DIB 8.30am5:00pm DIB 7:30am - 4:00pm Gordon B Thomas, Director, 8028 Federal Office Enrique Vilella, Director, Room 100 Post Office Bldg. Bldg, 550 Main St, 45202 (Area Code 513) Tel 684- 00902, Tel 723-4640 2944 FTS 684-2944 SOUTH CAROLINA Cleveland -Columbia DIB 8.30am - 5 00pm CPC 8:30am - 5:00pm Charles B Stebbins. Director. Room 600, 666 Euclid Dr A C Flora, South Carolina Field Director, 681 Bar- Ave 44114 (Area Code 216) Tel 522-4750 FTS 522- nnger Bldg, 1338 Main St, 29201 (Area Code 803) Tel 4750 253-3461 FTS 253-3461 OKLAHOMA DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm Philip A OLats, Director, 2611 Forest Drive, Forest Oklahoma City Center 29204 (Area Code 803) Tel 765-5345 FTS 765- EDA 8 30am - 5 00pm 5345 Hunter Kern met. Economic Development Representa- EDA 8.30am 5:00pm tive, 815 Old Post Office Bldg, Third and Harvey Sts . S Townes Holland. Economic Development 73102 (Area Code 495) Tel 231-4197 FTS 231-4197 Representative. Suite 114 Fctest Center. Rt. 3. Box 31, OREGON 29204 (Area Code 803) Tel 765-5676 FTS 765-5676 Portland SOUTH DAKOTA 018 11 30arn8 00pin Pierre Don Chapm.:im Director. 521 Pittock-Bloc,(., 921 S W EDA 10 30am 7.00pm Washiron St 7205 (Area Code 5031 Tel 221-3001 Floyd E Taylor, Econorr, Development Representa- Frs ?2001 tive. Rrn 321. Federal Bldg .57501 (Area Code 605) Tel 224-8238 FTS 224-82313 FDA ` ! 3,71arn 8 00pm Thomas G Currtimt Economic Development TENNESSEE qfresor-ito..Q "!se.t4 Bldg.. 921 S W Washing- Memphis toh ! ;Area Code .503) Tel 221-3078 FTS 221- DB 9 30am - 6.30pm

3.7 Hours shown are Eastern Standard Time

TENNESSEEContinued Leonard W Curfman, Economic Development Bradford H Rice, Director. Room 710, 147 Jefferson Representative. Federal Bldg, 1205 Texas Avenue, Ave. 38103 (Area Code 901) Tel 534-3213 FTS 534- Rm416,79408 (Area Code 806) Tel 762-7661 FTS 762- 3213 7661 Nashville EDA 9130am - 6:00pm UTAH Mitchell S Parks, Economic Development Represen- Salt Lake City tative. Suite 903 Federal Bldg, 801 Broadway, 37203 DIB 10:30am - 7:00pm (Area Code 615) Tel 749-5911 FTS 749-5911 Sherman P Lloyd, Trade Specialist-in-Charge, 1203 Federal Bldg, 125 South State St, 84138 (Area Code TEXAS 801) Tel 524-5116 FTS 524-5116 Austin EDA 10:30am - 7:00pm EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm David H Allred, Economic Development Representa- Jerry M Graybill,Henry N Troell, Economic Develop- tive, 1205 Federal Office Bldg, 125 S State St, 84111 ment Representatives. Suite 600: American Bank (Area Code 801) Tel 524-5119 FTS 524-5119 Tower, 221 West Sixth Street, 78701 (AreaCode 512) NOA 10:00am - 6:30pm Tel 397-5217 FTS 397-5217 Hazen H Bedke. Director Western Region. National RegionalDirector. Joseph B Swanner Suite 600 Weather Service, PO Box 11188, Federal Bldg, 125 S American Bank Tower,221 W Sixth St.78701(Area State St, 84111 (Area Code 801) Tel 524-5122FTS Code 512) FTS 397-5461 524-5135 Dallas VIRGINIA D1B 9:30am - 6 30pm Norfolk H Phillip Hubbard. Acting Director, Room 3E7, 1100 Commerce St. 75202 (Area Code 214) Tel 749-1515 NOA 8:00am - 4:30pm FTS 749-1515 RAdm Alfred C Holmes, Director, AtlanticMarine CEN 9:00am - 5,30pm Center, National Ocean Survey, 439 W York St. 23510 (Area Code 804) Tel 441-6201 Percy R Millard. Regional Director, Regional Office, 1100 Commerce St. Room 3C54. 75202 (Area Code Richmond 214) FTS 749-2814 D1B 8:30am5:00pm OMBE 8:30am - 5.00pm Weldon W Tuck, Director, 8010 Federal Bldg. 400 N Henry Zun iga, Director. Suite 1702. 1412 Main Street 8th St, 23240 (Area Code 804) Tel 782-2246 FTS782- 75202 (Area Code 214) Tel 749-7581 FTS 749-7581 2246 SEC 9.30am 6.30pm EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm Robert R Hamsher, Regional. Manager Audits. Room Robert C Roberts. Economic DevelopmentRepresen- 3E7. 1100 Commerce St. 75202 (Area Code 214) Tel tative, 8002 Federal Office Bldg, 400 N 8th St, 23240 749-7241 FTS 749-7241 (Area Code 804) Tel 782-2567 FTS 782-2567 Fort Worth Wallops Island NOA 8:45am - 5:30pm NOA 8:00am4:30pm Lawrence R Mahar. Director, Southern Region. Na- Robert SGray,Engineer-in-Charge,Ionosphere tional Weather Service. Roomi 0E09. 819 Taylor Research Station, Bldg E-144, NASA, 23337 (Area St.76102 (Area Code 817) 334-2668 FTS 334-2668 Code 804) Tel 824-3411 Ext 638 FTS 824-2638 Galveston WASHiNGTON NOA 8.00am - 4.30pm Everett Dr Joseph W Angelovic, Director, Gulf Coastal Fishe- EDA 11:30am - 8:00pm ries Center, National Msrine Fi:;heries Service. 4700 Valmer W Cameron, Avenue 'U77550 (Area Code 713) Tel 763-1211 FTS Economic Development 763-1501 Representative, 4327 Rucker Ave, 98203 (Area Code 206) Tel 258-2677 FTS 259-0332 Houston Seattle DIB 9:30am - 6.00pm CEN 11.00am - 7:30pm Felicito C Guerrero Acting Director, 1017 Old Federal John Bldg, 201 Fannin St, 77002 (Area Code 713) Tel 226- Tharaldson, Regional Director, Regional Of- 4231 FTS 226-4231 fice, Lake Union Bldg, 1700 Westlake Ave.N. 98101 (Area Code 206) Tel 442-7800 FTS 442-7800 MA 9:30am - 6.00pm George Krohn, Old Federal Bldg. 201 Fannin St, DIB 11:30am - 8:00pm 77002 (Area Code 713) Tel 226-4209 FTS 226-4231 Judson S Wonderly, Director. 706 Lake UnionBldg, 1700 Westlake Ave, N, 98109 (Area Code 206)Tel 442- Lubbock 5615 FTS 442-5615 EDA 9 30am - 6 00pm EDA 11:30am8:0013m

3.8 Hours shown are Eastern Standard Time

WASHINGTONContinued 343-6181 Ext 375 FTS 343-1375 C Mark Smith, Regional Director,1700 Westlake Clarksburg Ave,N. 98109 (Area Code 206) Tel 442-0596 FTS 442- EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm 0596 Rene V Zabeau, Economic Development Representa- Frank McChesney, Economic Development tive, 304 New Post Office Bldg, W. Pike St, 26301 Representative, 1700 Westlake Ave, N. 98109 (Area (Area Code 304) Tel 623-3461 Ext 272 FTS 624-1272 Code 206) Tel 442-7556 FTS 442-7556 Huntington MA 11:15am - 7:45pm EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm F I Huxtable, Area Representative, 311 Alaska Bldg, James M Donohoe, Economic Development 618 Second Ave, 98104 (Area Code 206) Tel 583-5348 Representative, 601 9th St, Suite 319, Pritchard Bldg, FTS 583-5348 25701 (Area Code 304) Tel 529-2311 Ext 591 FTS 529- NOA 11:00am - 7:30pm 2591 RAdm Herbert R Lippold, Jr, Director. Pacific Marine Beckley Center, National Ocean Survey, 1801 Fairview Ave, E, EDA 8:30am - 5:00pm 98102 (Area Code 206) Tel 442-7656 FTS 442-7656 Carlton P White, Economic Developmenr. Representa- NOA 11:007:30pm tive, B-020 Federal Bldg, 25801 (Ares Code 304) Tel Donald R Johnson, Director, Northwest Region, Na- 253-2723 FTS 252-7313 tional Marine Fisheries Service, Westlake Ave.,N, 98109 (Area Code 206) Tel 442-7575 FTS 442-7575 WISCONSIN NOA 1100am 7:30pm Eau Claire Dr Dayton L Alverson, Director. Northwest Fisheries EDA 9:30am - 6:00pm Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2725 Mon-. Hanford Olson, Economic Development Representa- tlake Blvd. E, 98112 (Area Code 206) Tel 442-4760 tive, 510 S Barstow, 54701 (Area Code 715) Tel 834- FTS 442-4760 2226 FTS 834-2226 Milwaukee 7.30pm NOA 11.00am DIB 9:30am - 6:00pm Dr Maynard A Steinberg. Director, Pacific Utilization Russell HLeitch,Director,StrausBldg, 238 W Research Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Wisconsin Ave, 52303 (Area Code 414) Tel 224-3473 2725 Montlake Blvd.. E. 98112 (Area Code 206) Tel FTS 224-3473 442-7746 FTS 442-7746 WYOMING WEST VIRGINIA Cheyenne Charleston DIB 10:30am - 7:00pm DIB 8:30am - 5:00pm Director (Vacant) 6022 O'Mahoney Feaeral Center, J Raymond DePaulo, Director, 3000 New Federal Of- 2120 Capitol Ave. 82001 (Area Code 307) Tel 778-2220 fice Bldg. 500 Quarrier St. 25301 (Area Code 304) Tel Ext 2151 FTS 778-2151

3.9 Federal Energy Connecticut Department of Planning and Oregon Department of Energy Energy Policy (503) 378-4128 Administration (203) 566-2800 Pennsylvania Governor's Energy Council Delaware Divisionof Emergency Plan- (717) 787-9749 ning and Operations Rhode Island State Energy Office REGION I (302) 834-4531 (401) 421-7333 150 Causeway St. Room 700 Florida State Energy Offite South Carolina Energy Management Of- Boston, MA 02114 (904) 488-6764 fice (617) 223-3701 Georgia State Energy Office (803) 758-2050 REGION II (404) 656-5176 South Dakota Office of Energy Policy 26 Federal Plaza, Room 3206 Hawaii Department of Planning and Eco- (605) 224-3603 New York, NY nomic Development Tennessee Energy Office (212) 264-3023 (808) 548-3033 (615) 741-2994 Texas Governor's Energy Advisory REGION III Idaho State Office of Energy 1421 Cherry Street (208) 3842885 Council (512) 475-4591 Philadelphia, PA 19102 Illinois Division of Energy (215) 597-3890 (219) 782-5784 Utah Inte: .apartmental Coordinating Council for Energy Affairs REGION *IV Indiana Energy Office (317) 633-6753. (801) 533-5356 1655 Peachtree Street Vermont State Energy Office Atlanta, GA 30309 Iowa Energy Policy Council (515) 281-3428 (302) 828-2768 (404) 526-2837 Virginia Energy Office Kansas Department of Energy REGION V (913) 296-2496 (804) 770-8451 175 W. Jackson Boulevard, Room A-333 Kentucky Department of Energy Washington State Department of Emer- Chicago, IL 60604 (502) 564-7416 gency Services (312) 353-0540 Louisiana Divisioi, of Natural Resources (206) 753-5420 REGION VI and Energy West Virginia Fuel and Energy Office P.O. Box 35228 (504) 3895161 (304) 348-8860 2626 West Mocking Bird Lane Maine State Fuel Allocation and Conser Wisconsin Office of Energy Emergency Assistance Dallas, TX 75235 vation Office (214) 749.7345 (608) 266-8234 (207) 622-6201 Wyoming Mineral Development Division REGION VII Maryland Energy Policy Office (307) 777-7284 112 East 12th Street (301) 383-6810 P.O. Box 2208 Massachusetts Energy Policy Office State Public Kansas City, MO 64142 (617) 727-3482 (816) 374.2061 Michigan Energy Office, Public Service Utility Commissions REGION VIII Commission Public Service Commission P.O. Box 26247, Belmare Branch (517) 373-0777 P.O. Box 991 Minnesota Energy Agency Montgomery, Alabama 36102 1075 South Yukon Street (612) 296-5120 Kenneth Hammond Lakewood, CO 80226 (303) 234-2420 MississippiFuel and Energy Manage. President ment Commission (205) 832-3353 REGION IX (601) 354-7406 Wallace Tidmore 111 Pine Street Missouri Energy Agency Secretary San Francisco, CA 94111 (314) 751-4000 (205) 832-3421 (415) 5567216 Montana State Fuel Allocation Office Public Utilities Commission REGION X (406) 449-2860 1100 McKay Building 1992 Federal Office Building Nebraska State Office of Petroleum Al. 338 Denali Str'eet 915 Second Avenue location Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Seattle, WA 98174 (402) 471-2867 Gordon J. Zerbetz (206) 4427280 Nevada State Energy Resources Advis- Chairman ory Board (907) 272-1487 State Government (702) 385-2188 J. Lowell Jensen Energy Agencies New Hampshire Governor's Council on Exec.utive Director Energy (907) 272-1487 Alabama Energy Management Board (603) 271-2711 (205) 832.6784 New Jersey State Energy Office Arizona Corporation Commission Alaska State Energy Office (201) 648-3290 1688 West Adams (907) 272-0527 New Mexico Energy Resources Board Phoenix, Arizonz 85007 Arizona Fuel Allocations Section of the (505) 827-2146 Albert D. Faron Office of Economic Planning and Devel New York State Emergency Fuel Office Chairman opment (518) 474-7928 (602) 271-4241 (602) 271.3303 North Carolina Energy Division George M. Dempsey Arkansas State Energy Office (919) 8292230 Executive Secretary (501) 371-1379 North Dakota Office of Energy Manage- (602) 271-4241 California Energy Resources Conserva- ment Public Service Commission tion and Development Commission (701) 224-3301 Justice Building (916) 322.3690 Ohio Energy Emergency Commission Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Colorado Office of the GovernorFuel (614) 466.6797 Robert C. Downie Allocations Office Oklahoma Department of Energy Chairman (303) 892-2471 (405) 521.3941 (501) 371.1453

3.10 6 7 Edward W. Davis Robert Lenaghen Howard Cunningham Executive Director President Secretary (501) 371.1794 (208) 834.3420 (207) 289-2428 K. D. Smith Public Utilities Commission Public Service Commission 350 McAllister Street Secretary.Administrator (208) 834.3420 301 West Preston Street San Francisco, California 94102 Baltimore, Maryland 21201 Vernon L. Sturgeon Illinois Commerce Commission Robert L. Sullivan, Jr. President 527 East Capitol Avenue Chairman (415) 557-2440 Springfield, Illinois 62706 (301) 383-2371 William R. Johnson Marvin Lieberman Frank Wasowicz Secretary Chairman Executive Secretary (415) 557.1487 (217) 7825778 (301) 383-2366 Public Utilities Cc-mmission Clarence F. Hutches II (217) 782.3624 Depnrtment of Public Utilities 1845 Sherman Steet State Office Building Denver, Colorado a 2 0 3 Public Service Commission 100 Cambridge Street Edwin R. Lundborg 901 State Office Building Boston, Massachusetts 02202 Chairman Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 Harold J. Keohane (303) 892.3196 Larry J. Wallace Chairman Harry A. Galligan, Jr. Chairman (617) 727-3500 Secretary (317) 633.5473 Francis H:ckey (303) 892-3154 Max W. Tucker Secretary Public Utilities Control Authority Secretary (617) 727-3500 (317) 6335409 165 Capitol Avenue Public Service Commission Hartford, Connecticut 06115 State Commerce Commission 525 West Ottawa Street Howard E. Hausman Walnut and Fourth Streets Lansing, Michigan 48913 Chairman Des Moines, Iowa 50319 Daniel Demlow (203) 566.7380 Maurice Van Nostrand Chairman Henry Mierzwa Chairman (517) 373-3240 Executive Secretary (515) 281-5167 Tom Hancock (203) 566.2104 Dean A. Briley Chief of Staff Executive Secretary (17) 373-3864 Public Service Commission (515) 2815256 Old State House Annex Public Service Commission Dover, Delaware 19901 State Corporation Commission American Center Building Curtis W. Steen State Office Building 160 East Kellogg Blvd. Chairman Topeka, Kansas 66612 St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 (302) 678.4247 Dale E. Saffels Karl F. Rolvaag Robert J. Kennedy III Chairman Chairman Executive Director (913) 296-3325 (612) 296-2436 (302) 678-4247 Thelma Knutson Lawrence Anderson Executive Secretary Public Service Commission Director 700 S. Adams Street (913) 2963326 (612) 2966025 Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Public Service Commission Public Service Commission William T. Mayo Capital Plaza Tower P.O. Box 1174 Chairman Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 Jackson, Mississippi 32905 (904) 488-2181 WHIlam A. Logan Norman A. Johnson, Jr. Dr. J. B. Kennedy Chairman Chairman Executive Director (502) 5643940 E. W. Robinson (904) 488.7868 Richard D. Heman, Jr. Executive Secretary Public Service Commission Secretary (601) 354-7474 244 Washington Street, S.W. (502) 564-3940 Public Service Commission Atlanta, Georgia 30334 Al Humphries Jefferson Building Ben T. Wiggins Director of Engineering Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 Chairman (502) 564-3943 A. Robert Pierce, Jr. (404) 656.4512 Public Service Commission Chairman David 0. Benson P.O. Box 44035 (314) 751.4221 Executive Director Capitol Station Robert L. Gilmore (404) 656.4539 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804 Secretary Public Utilities Commission Nat B. Knight, Jr. (314) 751.4113 P.O. Box 541 Chairman Public Service Commission Honolulu, Hawaii 96809 (504) 389.5867 1227 11th Avenue Lorrin W. Dolim Louis S. Quinn Helena, Montana 59601 Chairman Secretary Gordon E. Bollinger (808) 548.7550 (504) 389.5867 Chairman LeRoy Yuen Public Utihties Commission (406) 449-3017 Acting Executive Director State House WiHiam Opitz (808) 548-7550 Augusta, Maine 04330 Administrator Utility Division Public Utilities Commission Peter A. Bradford (406) 449.3456 427 W. Washington Street Chairman Public Service Commission Boise, Idaho 83720 (207) 289,2446 1342 M Street

3.11 Lincoln, Nebraska 68508 Public Service Commission Secretary Eric Rasmussen E.217 Capitol Building (201) 648.2350 Chairman Charleston, West Virginia 25305 Public Service Commission (402) 475-2641 Brooks E. Smith Bataan Memorial Building Everett W. Green Chairman Santa Fe, New Mexico 87503 Secretary (304) 348.2163 Richard Montoya (402) 475,2641 S. Grover Smith, Jr. Chairman Public Service Commission Secretary (505) 827-2827 202 South Carson (304) 348-2182 Carroll R. Anderson Carson City, Nevada 89701 Public Service Commission Administrator Noel A. Clark 432 Hill Farms State Office Building (505) 8272827 Chairman Madison, Wisconsin 53702 Public Service Commission (702) 885.4180 Richard D. Cudahy 44 Holland Avenue William W. Proksch, Jr. Chairman Albany, New York 12208 Secretary (608) 266.1241 Dr. Alfred Kahn (702) 8854180 James Tanner Chairman Administrator, Utility Rates Division (518) 474-2530 Public Service Commission (608) 266.1267 Cordell Hull Building Samuel R. Madison Nashville, Tennessee 37219 Public Service Comm;ssion Secretary Z. D. Atkins Supreme Court Building (518) 474-6530 Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002 Chairman Utilities Commission (615) 7412785 Zan Lewis DePartment of Commerce Chairman James L. Talbot Ruffin Building Executive Secretary (307) 777.7427 1 West Morgan Street (615) 741.2904 Alex J. Eliopulos Raleigh, North Carolina 27602 Chief Counsel and Administrative Secre Marvin R. Wooten Railroad Commission tary Chairman Drawer 12967 (307) 777.7427 (919) 829.4249 Capitol Station Robert K. Koger Austin, Texas 78711 Major Trade Associations Director, Engineering Department Ben Ramsey (919) 829.4271 Chairman in Fuels and Processing (512) 475.2644 Public Service Commission Elizabeth Navropoulis of Fuels State Capitol Secretary Gas Bismarck, North Dakota 58501 (512) 475.2439 Ben .1. Wolf American Gas Association President Public Service Commission 1515 Wilson Boulevard Miss Janet Sauter 330 East 4th Street Arlington, Virginia 22209 Executive Secretary Salt Lake City, Utah 84114 Telephone: (703) 524.2000 (701) 224-2400 Frank S. Warner Chairman Independent Natural Gas Associationof Public Utilities Commission (801) 328,5518 America 101 North High Street Ronald Casper 1660 L Street, N.W. Columbus, Ohio 43215 Executive Secretary Washington, D.C. 20036 Luther Heckman (801) 328.5515 Telephone: (202) 293-5770 Chairman (614) 466.3102 Public Service Board Natural Gas Processors Association Thomas M. Lee State Office Building 803 Home Federal Building Tulsa, Oklahoma 74103 Director of Administration Montpelier, Vermont 05602 (614) 466.4294 Martin Miller Telephone: (918) 582.5112 Chairman National LPGas Association Corporation Commission (802) 828.2319 79 West Monroe Street Jim Thorpo Office Building Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105 State Corporation Commission Chicago, Illinois 60603 Telephone: (312) 372.5484 Rex Privett P.O. Box 1197 Chairman Richmond, Virginia 23209 Public Utilities Commission (405) 521-2264 Thomos P. Harwood, Jr. 26 Pleasant Street Ed Overholser Chairman Concord, New Hampshire 03301 Secretary (804) 770.3608 Alexander Kolinski (405) 521.2351 Ernest M. Jordon, Jr. Chairman Director of Division of Public Utilities (603) 271,2442 Public Utility Commissinner (804) 770-3614 Dom S. D'Ambruoso Labor and Inthistries Building Salem, Oregon 97310 Utilities and Transportation Commission Secretary (603) 271.2443 Charles Davis Highways Licenses Elm Irlmg Commissioner Olympia, Wa%hington 08504 Board ofPublic Utility Commissioners (503) 378.6611 Donald II, Brazier 101 Commerce Street Walter Paul Chairman Newark, New Jersey 07102 Assistant Commissioner for Utdity Divi- (206) 753.6430 Anthony J, Grossi sion Edward 1. Show Chairman (503) :178,6622 Executive Officer (201) 648-2013 , (206) 753,640? Public Utility Commissinn RiI1th Caprio North Office fitiilding

3 ,12 Room 104 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120 Major Trade Associations James McGirr Kelly (Gas Intensive Industries) Chairman (717) 787.4804 SIC Code Will T. Ketner 29 American Petroleum Institute Secretary 1801 K Street, N.W. (717) 783.1740 Washington, D.C. 20006 Public Utilities Commis Sion 28 Manufacturing Chemists Associ- 169 Weybosset Street ation Providence, Rhode Island 02903 1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. William Harsch Washington, D.C. 20009 Chairman ,and Public Utilities Adminis 3241 Portland Cement Association trator Old Orchard Road (401) 277.2444 Skokie, Illinois 60076 Public Service Commission 26 P.O. Drawer 11649 American Paper Institute 260 Madison Avenue Columbia, South Carolina 29211 Abney A. Smith New York, New York 10016 Chairman 3221 Glass Containers Manufacturers (803) 7583686 Association J. H. Still 1800 K Street, N.W. Director of Administrative Service Washington, D.C. 20006 (803) 758..3565 333 AluminumAssociation Public Utility Commission 750 ThirdAvenue State Capitol New York,New York 10017 Pierre, South Dakota 57501 332 American) Iron and SteelInsti Jack Weiland tute Chairman 1000 Sixteenth Street, N.W. (605) 224.3204 Washington, D.C. 20036 Joe Norton 333 Copper & Brass Fabricators Executive Secretary Council (605) 224.3202 1015 Eighteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Solid Fuels American Mining Congress National Coal Association Suite 1100 Ring Building 1130 M Street. N.W. 18th and M Streets, N.W. Washington, D,C. 20036 Washington, D.C. 20036 Telephone: (202) 627.4322 201 American Meat Institute Liquid Fuels 1600 Wilson Boulevard Arlington. Virginia 22209 American Petroleum Institute 1801 K Street, N.W. 201 National Independent Meat Washington, D.C. 20006 Packers Association Telephoni..: (202) 833.5600 734 Fifteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D,C. 20005 AmerKon Petroleum Refiners Associa tion 205 American Baking Association 1110 Ring Building 1700 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. WasIniwton, DC. ;'0036 Washington, D,C, 20006 telephone: (202) 338 6181 205 Biscuit and Cracker Manufactur Nabim,d petroleum Rehrwrs Association ing Association 1725 De Sales Stre0, N. W. 1660 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Washington, D.C. 20036 -telephone' ((2) 638,3722 3228 Battelle Institute (Pressed & Blown Glass) Independent t?efinersAssociationof America Columbus Laboratories 1801 K Street, N W 505 King Avonue Columbus, Ohio 43201 Washington, C Velene (;-`0;') 4 66 2:110 3211 Stewart & lkenson (not Gloss) Attorneys at taw Independent Petroleum Ass.)ciationof America 1001 Contictit Ayontw, 1101 16th Strect, N W Woshincton, D C, 20036 Walhingtim, C :'00:111 telephone (.0,,) 40i Independent GosiAne Marketers Council 1!;:`.1IStreet. N W. War,hinglon, C 20005 telephone(,')?1 .161 58 Y)

i cases even referral back to the more Gas utility 'coustry miles ofpipeline Section 4 complete main files may not beade- and main. quate to assess a local situation. The Gas Industry, Gas utility industry salesby class of Inthepresentform.informationat service andfirmandinterruptible Alternate Resources and State level is restricted to the 10 most roers. criticalStateswhich would Industrial Users be most 11::.4inline natural gas salesto indus- seriously affected in the eventof cur- 'trial end-users. Purpose: tailments. Industrial consumers ofnatural gas The information contained inthis sec- Contents by SIC code. tion shall provide some guidance to staff Thissectionwillprovide,inconcise Main line sales directly to industrial members moving into location to enable form, data which will permit answering end-users for some critical States. them to: questions of the following nature: Overallfuelconsumption for some Assessrapidly the potential supply United States ftel consumption data. critical States. situation for natural gas and/or alternate energy sources within a State. United Sta natural gas distribution system. Help develop an understanding o( the socio.economic effects of a shortfall, United States natural gas production particularly in the industrial sector. and consumption. The main elements of Itisrealizedthatthe data presented a natural gas pipeline system. here canatbestprovide some very general background and thatin many USER SECTOR Trans Res Indus- Elec. Comm try porta- Total bon Utii.

.Overview of U.S. Natural Gas System in BCF and % Coal 0.3 4.3 -- 8.8 13.4

(1971) Petioleum 5.8 5.6 17,9 3.3 32.7

Nuclear . -- 1.7 1.7 Import, Gas 1..1 9 0 0.6 3.2 20.2

Other _. -- 3.2 3.2 Lossos 11', 4,000 Total 13.5 18.7 18.5 20.1 71.1 tat (Estimate tor975? Prig.1 11,11 Consumption by end-user in quads. :1000 P11)0101'

1),rts _ Ow. Industrial /I) 600 rt,t,it, Direct %me, Pli.)el ilstimors 13.021 I()(`,1

H Wittesond Other 400

...... ______[?, t in .110101. I ,c,ii Illi,IttInut. 1,. Commorc +i-il ft1C)i)i) 1 700 1.',I1011 . _ ____ ..._ ____ Other 1,100 14' ',tip )1on,cot,,r,, 1 4 - , ^ ,tal,.ty

4- `110P Introstott 71"

.111(1

500 ' . _ Non ....1, ,,,L.,,, 1ill'...

Loi .11 .

. H n:::i'llIftlill'Il),Ilrlite.11:11 A,.. ,. ,),. '11111(1[1'11` q 4 t,00 ',110'0 ..._ // 18.3% From Oilwells

From 81.7% Associated Gaswc;Ils Dissolved N.G.

Unassociated Gross // N.G. Nithdrawa I /, ///// 100% 7/ Wet N.G. 4.7% .7% Vent & Flare returned for reprocessing // , Marketed //, 94.6% Lease 4% Fuel // '////// // //:/// /To /Nat. Unprocessed Gasoline Gas 8.8% Plants Plant 25% 81.8% Fuel

Extraction 3.8% Loss N.G. liquid production

Imported 4.2% 0.3% exported.

Pipeline 2.9% 1.3% losses. Fuel

From 7.4°. 7.8% to storage, Storage

20.9% Residential

9.9% Commercial

36.4% Industrial Natural Gas Production and Consumption-1974 15.0% Electric Utilities Based on U.S. Gross Withdrawal 100% (22849 TCF) 1,3% Others

4.2 Typical Gas Pipe Line System

GATHERING SYSTEMS / PRODUCTION

I PURCHASE (GAS WELL---FIELO SEPARATOR) \ METER

FIELD BOOSTER STATION 111 F" COMPRESSOR STATION PROCESSING REFINERY4

TRANSMISSION LINE INTERCHANGE METER CHECK METER STATION 04ii?" CUSTOMERS LNG METER STORAGE SERVICE

UNDERGROUND INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMER STORAGE

111-41). CITY GATE ODORIZATION

PRESSURE REGULATION =".n.nSCRUBBERS 11/1/p INJECTION "011"w COMPRESSOR WITHDRAWAL TELECONTROL METERING PLANT WELLS 1 DEHYDRATION SCRUBBERS LNG STORAGE MI It WS/MA 611111111.1. SMALL COMPRESSOR MIXING STATICS 611111111P PLANT LPG STORAGE TANKS GAS UTILITY UNDERGROUND'STORAGE

UTILIZATION PRESSURE INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

HEADQUARTERS: OISPATCHING At+ DISTRICT CONTROL Itssoo COMMUNICATIONS 1111i, HIGH PRESSURE RiGULATOR 'II II' DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM STATION TELEMETERING

INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION if (PLANTS) UTILIZATION PRESSURE COMMERCIAL aso 1111-010 SYSTEM UTILIZATION MET ERIK

FEEDER MAIN OR LOOP Gas Utility Industry Miles of Pipeline and Main, by Type

and by State, 1974

Field 4r9.1 Trahrnission Polrihulion GAS UTILITY INDUSTRY MILES OF DILISIOnand SlaIc 10LO Gmheong Iipdin Main

Unked Sisk% 916,616 67,024 263,492 646,160 PIPELINE AND MAIN New England 26,745 0 1,669 25,076

Cooneolcui 5,906 11 486 5,480

%Inc 401 0 80 381

51osuchtheik 16,389 0 789 15.599 Thousands of Miles 5,., 11jrnio9lre 1300 1,154 0 201 453 Rhode 140 2,396 0 53 2.143 Yermom 380 0 90 120 Field & Gathering

Middle Mlintk 114,266 5,996 11,812 90,438 1200 Transmission No losq :2,053 0 1,304 20,749 Now York 40,279 155 4.509 35,915 PoonsvII,Ini4 51.914 5,941 12,014 34,014 Distribution

EINI North Cenhol 188,932 3,814 38,611 149,296 1100 Illtr09+ 49 ,V,),.. 110 941 19.082 Ini1A) 26,9111 206 5,801 20,903 019 hige 09.934 191 0.442 31,201

111110 51 261 1,252 10,139 31,070 %ono 20,912 0 3,172 11,640 1000 55N North l'entrol 107,747 7,430 40,094 60,223

-,. lusc,1 17,080 16 6,133 10,931 ., Usk, 13,904 7,344 10,251 12.169 Slinne,04 15.754 0 4,101 11.653

900 Irs,ourt 20,484 29 4,112 10,343 . pin 0ehr4+1,4 11,477 24 7,442 0,011 \ North 1.1,1kol4 2.519 17 1, 1 13 1,389 tiorrih 111614,1 2,4711 0 942 1,520 800 .,N, South Mlontk 99,375 6,3511 21,908 69,1I7 DekNare 1,288 0 :25 1,060

11,10c1orCokinthi4 1,167 0 21 1,144 11o: di 0 9,01; L, 12,590 2,974 700 11166L 22,294 11 4,931 11,122 S140}14nLI 5,511 21 720 1,759

Nall 141(l110,l 11,441 0 2107 9,134 s, 0104\\1\10 South Coolin,, 9,590 II 2,330 7,252

Voginl4 411 8,492 NA 666611 111,939 2.900 600 Wesi Virgini,1 8,212 7142 t\ x\ 21,540 5.970 r, ,0,,,,,,,.. ../...... : ,\\ ,,., ".. East South l'entril 10,1165 3,7:4 26,1157 39,4154 \\ \\ ,, A1dh4n14 11,920 20 5,509 12,297 .\.\\::\ 1..., \ : \ i.., .,...... ,.... 1 k Keniuck 19.35 3,520 6.432 9,275 500 1 ...YY..Y. Mis+hypp: 10,990 176 9,190 7,516 \ ,,\\,";\, \... :...... ,,...... ::::...., \.\,,,\,,,,; ...,...... Ten new:: 15,514 0 5.118 111,196

\51,0 Soulh Central 194,614 23,1115 82,117 88,682 11,2511 9,911) 400 '..,, 41....tit..1.6..1.1..1.1I.1.t 4.1..1.1 1.1.1 Yik.too.1% 1112 6,878 too mum 19,941 2,71)1 21.009 15,149 1.1.'I%....It.1'1O'1"1.1. '1.11.1"1.1' I1k1,1110114 31,815 7,951 10,524 13,000 111" tI tI $11.11 tOIt ttI .t.o....11.1.11.1.11.t..1.1. .6.11.1. ./.I. I eus 1115,0811 12,141 42,926 50,513 tt;11111661111 III/ 11 I III I 1 I II III 1 $ t I I$ 111 300 91nun910 820 13,1178 26,929 42,1123 1.1.1 .1.1..1.11.1II:1.1t.1' 11:4tI'l1:1.1.1. :t.t AritonA 1 ,1.11 2 5,041 10,094

(olormlo 19,199 1,050 0,385 11,155 .1.1 ..0. I.t. 14.1101 0 1,150 2,573 1oI 11tIttt*II, ItIttI11 to 200 M10n1,014 7.212 1. 810) 2.928 2.718 0 1,029 .o.1 t.I.1 1./..1.1 111111 I.It1111I/. II Na.it1,1 2109 1.179 1,317 Neu 91c14o 21.192 0,101 5,924 II 11/11 1 It 11111II11II 11 1.1 1111 It 4 404 5,041 t 1 I I1 t'l'I1'1'1'1' 'I%.1 lIch 0 409 9111 to ttl II I 01Ill ttIt.11111 11 oo tt tItt t1ol .1111 111/11 11 15 wr6110; 1. 201) 3.514 2,071 11 411 11 11 111111 11111111111 11 0 991

100 ...... 81,1111 IhwIlk 92,1112 1112 10,264

11 599 1.1. .1.1. 1'1'1 1 .1411'1% Al,oki 739 11 1411 11

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( 41110011.1 ,1 179 91: 1.255 63,112 11111 . . 1.1. III 079 0 0 378 11,041 7,611 0 1)4143 9.74 11 1,10 1950 55 60 65 70 71 72 73 74 1540100o 111,933 0 1,712 0,421

11,11111c+ Nei e 191141.1 4,11101 ,911o,161 ,4101111 ellol1,11e01 ige Ihouri mit cod 01 01

111.111JC1090 01110 ill dollorgrAnd owt,Ige 011,4

Source-Gas Facts 1971 Source-Gas Facts 1974 ,,. 7..gfr-G-2- -7.'.',....:: ,-,=- ... Marketed Production and Interstate Shipments of Natural Millior.s rf fee: IlUejstAteMUsMentr Gas, 1974 n; .,...... ,!!:!:..::,==.,.... 7.-f!: F.;.-3.:=.ZA,.....c.- ,,., . ..,._a ;.z5 '= Ir Prziii-ct9nSlats ctn.! Rc-.eiptst Deiiceries3' 7 -=,7 =sF 3'.-;-12!: ;IzEi-&-= -e. ....:i.=.;,R2t,:-i-- ..:5-.2.;'RTg.f1; ';.' Sewtasted England 'Vile, 'Jerthc-r.c.J-. 21.690.521 0 153.6.60.441 459.'140141ZI 5.:4 152.997.946 196,708 - 7 .-3,. -1 ,--.=.7.1i_iy E. ::,3 - ..; - t_.: ,S2 4-2 .1 94 2,12t., "4 J Middle 1.r1anttc Se-'::-.-rt.-...:8{7.0ce :ersc ls_s-.J S-.02- 9 4.364.'gg 49 114 j 1.864.639 '5 696 J 1,...7-,-..,....c-aSe- "rci, $1 63- 4 410 i --5 514 t58'9u 51:-3S 1 1155.'25426 il 503 406 East North (antral M....^...i-,17.1-:17-11 ..,5-_-5 162.800 1 436 1-.6 1.113.-418.293.968I 907.456 1.4.31.4.225 435 665 091.334 .,7-72 92.05559 133 0 3.7-5.124 465.509359.954 1.'94.255. 13.232 7.. West Surth Central Icsi.a 920.559.q.St .' e:.! 0o 2.100.4547,083.4981.379.323 2.345.0035,905,510 995.699 i.. 5 %,....r..S,.....,.n%,..-..,asa....1mIsso-4fi D.,,,,I..., Daarca 31 1% 2 538 33 1.373!.603.04- :5o 5-7.353 16.053 1.149.1571.164.299 2.73.040 0.301 52 15 South Atlantic Decs.ce 247.672 90 6.045.450 22.19334.10- e 4.813.329 1.4571.901 e 2..,,,L5 Leolts 38 13" 133 9 i .22'.553 2.104.; 892.111 9 =...-.Q' -ar, sc.,..7 7 +. 'Z.' -4 7 -52.8161 548.93(jf 75 +Aim:5,...,15 V,:&.....:4 Ca,3.:5.1 C .11.1...,,r, 202.3i9, 1)0 1,295.565 389.360869."1733669 1.300.57' 747.850732.669589.735 0. i2 a. East South Ce_tral Missrss:ppsKen:Jr:it,A:atarroit 178.545 '8rAo5 -9' 1.8-6 16.973.3946.064.2%3.854.4792.927.5)0 16.079.591 5.858.8753.684.2352.673.216 5h-: .-- 7 West South Central TennesseeArkansas 17.687.3467.-53.63! 123.975 1- 2.421.4125.382.5384.127.109 972.873 14.8412.1746.499.1583.863.2652.249.394 fci Mountain Te as 1.821.6840.170; .538.942 79$ 224 3.548.9351.491.1491.451.639 536.614 4.051.6553.766.2511.295.3652.367.371 S.e.Se,.e.aMcaltah.,aano gcal,,,, 1.244 774 144629 54.873 0 784.918506.8'9295.181 64.59371.045 1.700,380 453.673118.48625.214 0 "?' r, Pacific 'Otrorning1...... nAlLsita 494.2893:6.657 50.552 2.727.150 238.16497.006 o 888.115296.79'161.740 C.. WCtrir-vrtHaws,Cad astinVon if orn.a 365.3541:8.935 0 1,598.3'6 664.700464.072 0 477.866359,991 50.258 0 .4- 7 :-"1-' :-" ±E1 1.- :7!-- 130 7- .4- 0 c - 6 256.1001nclhdes milhos receitxs clitic lium feel Canada into Minnesota. of 405.459 48.111 million millioncubic feet cubic into feet4.641 Idaho. tnto =Lion 238.905Montana:5.556 c, million cubicmillion feet feet. into Vermont. and from Mvuco 222 million cubic feet into Texas cubic feet into New into Washington. Source CS Buecau 64 15-.11ss IncludedInciudsn1,11.091intoincludes Messco Se, deli:triesC:261Cin Maine Hampshire4.05) feel intomillion from Canada Alaska andc.unic Vermont toof fee: Japan13.232 from millionTexas: cubicand 4.217 feet frommillion Michigan, cubic feet 31 from million Arizona. cubic LNGfeet from Gas 4Ima1. 1974 fe IncludesIncluded Districtm Maryland of Columbia. exports of 50.258 Monfort& and Gas Utility Industry Sales by State and Class of Service, 1974* Gas Utility Industry Firm and Interruptible Gas Sales by State, 1974*

11(1110101 id 1114J

'111111,41,HI111'41 (1.ris 01 r1,11111C1k1J1 IltILMIaLl As1340 1111110 144 1134 I VI, 1),,,,011 310 1/0610641 I ,9001:1,141 Indoin,0 inho 100 4400: IIMUrIVNI: 11,13V Imun00105111

nited 1.10.4 2,161 I 1111 0,15,1,2 4,118,0 1,414,4 Slates 164100.1 4,116411 1.243.4 11;153,; Imo 1,024

\ el, Sy 4 51,4 1.4 261.5 13115 59.4 0,9 I %hind 54,4 New 1.nalind 9,7 1,01 ( ;14;141.w:tot 15 15 4 0 1 1,1rincilmit 1: 1 15 1 V' ,) 0 0 1 012 1- 4 \Lunn 0 s 110 0 0 0 s I) ".1 0 i II ; ill I 1111 36 4 61,1smihusulk 1 1 10 ' A1,0,0.ribliol, 161 i 0' 4 16 4 10 5 .1. 4 I 001 3'

NeN 11,0fipshile ! 4 1 'I Ilil '.eo 11,1111rthgt. 'I: 4 2 1 9 2 1 110 I 00' 24 0 Rh0du 9110,1 4 0 3 4 III !. 4 R116,6: 111,041 12 0 4 0 8 9 0 1 1 III! 4e1(4041 0 1 0 0 1 !, 0 5 1 ' ,141r11,in1 1 4 0 ! 1111 I 016

Middle 111intir 184,6 274,1 5.5 541.8 Middlt 1644.1 1117.11 264.6 541.8 310 1,414 101 6 2'118 141 1 NVH lerse 11!H 4 72 ' lehr. 60 6 '2 2 2 1 1 1126 SVS1 Yink 116 ) 0 NtA \ 606 s 146 ' MI 1:46 ISA 1.123 115 4 1256 Pc005)14111,1 10, 0 10" 0 1 .144 0 6 107 S 144 0 P777)6,111:; 2'(b 4 10 1 1 1114

4,11311 East \ orlh Cvntril 741.1 '19,6 21 1,8101.5 1.111.4 373,1 1'11151 North lieniral 1,55.7 7;112. I 1,6411h8,5 48,1 1,1111 11110015 22' 3 214 4 428 2 164 9 83 3 111111015 1 12). I, 4'2 I 1 1 1 1121 ,,b10 Inthono 72 9 1 S 10,11404 417 0 155 4 72 4 2011 l' 417 64 1 1 35 ' 91: 0 hIll.hilon 2114 2 1q9 3 4 4 085 9 2) 0 ;010 114 i 1 516 h14,10 204 2 361" '4 017 1,0914 Ohio 1011 184 : I0 433 2 350 4 34 11110, 452 4 11011 41,1 2 19 2 111215 lis 0 5 I0o10011 15 6 4' 6 0,0 192 2 4" 144 4 55lson6n 120 1 ii h 192 I 17 4 1 111i

ISes1 'North Cenlmil 276,9 :41.5 15,1 898,4 3114,6 588,8 +Aro .Surth lienIral 1,714.5 5116.1 216,9 1148.4 51.1 1,1101 ss 4 12 4 i4 0 loii,1 4211 14 ;I 148 1 15 4 1044 114 1 92 0 140 1 18 1 1,011 1300,3s 42 ' 4114 2 3 1162 429 245 1 Kunius 4'4 4 90 2 42 7 1111 2 0 1 408 Minnesoto 46 2 43 3 : 182 8 54 5 1110 4 5,600o0Li .121 0 1116 I 46 2 162 8 6 6 4411 1161,1711 thh 1 '60 6; 4 1111 1115 ill ' 'i 8 Missouri 14' 1, 760 111 S 11 1 1,005 33 4 70 3 Nc081510.1 4 4 1113 3 33 11 116 1 11I 35 4 31 0 Nenhisli,i 101 1 115 11102 1 2 3 2 24 1 4 7 Norih 1/110114 I1 2 11 2 011 0 0 No/ 1111.,0,1 11 2 3 2 0 2 1 1102

9 4 I 10 0 12 0 SnIlt 11.11,014 .7 6 I0 II 112 0100h II,0144 II 4 9 4 III 11I 444

South Atlantic 1115,41 2114.4 418.1 A South Atlantic 1161,9 312.5 1850 4 1111.0 46.5 111.2 14,1 11c1,10,07 0 0 III 2 516 1 6 M 1)e14;a4re 22 i 7 b 1I II) 2 16 11 III f, 1 1 1 Disitio ol Colunihn 4 4 11 110 0 1 1 ) 1 5 1 , 1 0 1 1 1( ol011041 26 0 1 0 6 I I I 211 1(11112111251

23 1 1 0 114 7 fiII 8811 1114014 111 0 14 9 21 I 94 7 1113 12 2 1 1 Geurgo 34 i 20,1 g A 'mina 11114 130 31 1 2111S .. 39 6 111 24 5 24 0 20 5 4 3 51 5 33 2 17296.21 1,1,01,1,001 15i 4 "0 15 N N 19 1 1 i ..1..11114211611 6ih rohnu 11 0 32 9 SIlt, N01111 C,1161411 140 1 27 8 Ill 0 91 6 11 18 0 (III 00101( 3 4 1115 4 01 4 South C.110111,1 146 1 14 I 14 2 100 4 1 i 2h41 00 2111 ..31 121 1 7 54 9 11 b 14 3 ogr01,1 117 ' 47 9 28 5 54 9 6 1 12: West 6010610 1)0 Y5C51 6140011 184 0 51 6 14 4 628 1 0 1123 24 4 I 5

1,ist.5511.1lbuli1111(j'entral 512.011l,r.:,, .1.411.14 176,4 Fail South Central 11511.9 2111,1 111.8 5211.2 III ,021 111.11 1115,2 63

25 4 2! 3 I 411 6 Aluhuin4 2 5 2 9 111 9 : 5 4 1 1 6 1 0 4 II 1'6 1 127 / 3' 4 36 4 146 II NI, Ken1045 15 1 12 1 10 '4 1. I7ntuk1,,, li 1 '4 1 / II .11111

1131,11315r:1:55511711 42 9 A10,0100,001 1117I) 10 4 1511 1126 II 0 8114 10 11 15 0 011 19 7 36 2 1 4 1 rnnosce 241 11 44 4 16 1 107 I 4 0 ,1110 12 8 157 1 85 0 11 3

4,4 114116 ISes1 South Central 1114,7 1,292,9 669.1 11est South Central 411,2 2041 2,192,9 181.8 11(121,7 Ail,40040 1'4 6 17 I :50i4n5,1s 140 i 44 1 11' 1140 1 0 " ' 1577 24 4 l' 0 111400,014 ir 1 C !! ;4 4 42(11 11 2 l'2,2 t4'11

191 3 40 14 6 II 146 2 46 1 11)1411,1111,1 '2 8 411 1 146 2 1 11 ' 144 2 (11'11III le14, !Jill 232' 111 0 1,501 5 1151 111 1.450'''111! 1,1111 3

464 ,11 Mountain 11150,1:3) :11. 1, 548,4 Mounlaln 151,6. 157,1 548.4 253 1111166s , 111.11) 11(112587 0 1 AlItoru 1OS 1 1.i 0 1051 4 i

04 4 liirliolli111111,11111:111,11) rl'11'. 71' 0 5 1 11317C11,Cti .,1081181 200 ' 64 1 112 0 I' AO 5 s 33 3 10 ' 1480 5114 9 ' 1 0 II i 0 0 ,04; 111.1101 ' 0 22 8 15 7 116 t10111481 'S ' 11 A 11 1 1H 11 ,1111 1 ' 2 S u 1 4 1 IliIII111)1 SH,61,1 61 4 4 1 9 1 46 I 0 i Ne,h1,1 17 1 20 8

140 4 Nl'A 61n101 14 1 13 9 111, 4436644f (211 %1760 10 4 14 5 84 1 1; 4 '11662' 0 0 SI 0 1311 119 1 41 4 14 ' H 0 110 4C; ()0 14 ' 14 5) i 6 1 5kAomila 121 49 0 2 0 446 51110110 S S 0 0 0 0

9112,11 741,5 1,1112.11 664,4 111,.1 90111 110,11 1,115; 1111 211,5 39,11 158.5 ; I II 1 114514 43 1 1 1 11 I I 6 11,h1,4 4 11 ' 1,005 n111008.1 2100 1011 8 2' 1 114 11411 2 4(110r111,1 1 '08I 804 s 21)11 '19 6 164 0 1 016

IIoo.ui 110 110 III I 110 1 4 0 0 . 1 8 8 1S 0 0 '121 cs 4 Oregon 1411 13 5 II 5 In 5 28 0 11ri:go 218 1411 50 1 110 1,044 14 2 ',; oshinylon I 11114 11 2 ishinpon 11i0'5 ' III 11114 0 1 1 04' 12 1 11 r;

1 SourceGas Facts 1974 SourceGas Facts 1974 Summary of Main Line Natural Gas Sales to Industrial Users, by Type of Sale-1974, MMcf

State Firm Offpeak Interruptible Not specified Total

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Alabama 55,099 0 24,344 0 79,443 Arizona 65,118 0 0 0 65,118 Arkansas 131,583 0 5,206 0 136,789 Colorado 114 0 1,304 53,039 54,457 Delaware 3,432 0 52 0 3,484 Florida 25,124 0 47,452 10 72,586 Georgia 3,538 0 14,920 0 18,458 Illinois 25,303 0 22,932 0 48,235 Indiana 0 0 1,967 0 1,967 IoWa 8,216 0 3,465 0 11,681 Kansas 30,342 0 96,960 27,777 155,079 Kentucky 10,760 0 2,088 0 12,848 Louisiana 137,851 0 131 479 136,461 Maryland 0 0 56 0 56 Michigan 10,603 0 2,217 0 12,820 Minnesota 32,182 0 9,549 0 41,731 Mississippi 61,797 0 4,020 7,463 73,280 Missouri 8,257 0 22,331 259 30,847 Montana 0 0 2,858 1,687 4,545 Nebraska 23,608 0 24,594 0 48,202 Nevada 40,506 0 0 0 40,506 New Hampshire 121 0 261 0 382 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 New Mexico 13,836 0 476 0 14,312 North Carolina 0 0 0 0 0 North Dakota 0 0 1,042 0 1,042 Ohio 8,398 3,616 3,505 0 15,519 Cklahoma 5,551 0 15,832 191 21,574 Pennsylvania 5,748 0 967 0 6,715 Sout!, Carolina 3,250 0 1,896 0 5,146 South Oakola 5 0 4,615 0 4,620 Tennesee 24,182 0 14,200 341 38,723 Texas 33,929 0 135,835 0 169,764 Virginia 218 0 309 O. 527 Washington 404 0 0 0 404

West Virginia 1,231 0 . 863 0 2,094 Wyoming _44 0 13,842 0 13,886 Total --770--,36 3,616 480,089 91,246 1,345,301 -1;i;urce: Data compiled from table 4.

SourckMinf.,r,AI Industry Surveys, Bureau of Mines, Dept, of Interior Dacl March 2, 1976

9 Main Line Sales Directly to Industrial End Users forSome Critical States 1974*

'OP

'Source Mineral Industry Swveys, Bureau of Mines, Dept. of Intenor Dated March 2, 1976

c 0

4.8 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 Kentucky

_ nr4.4,I 11 J'" 'Iit.f14,1-1 t. '4.4"1,4 f 6 /".l'.! - 0?, I 'r r,

I f ...... IA, r rero'r.tn,i%

4.tImffi,Lf -,f,11' !

441 4,4

1 r , ' I...... , '111

tt,,, P.1;' f'f,, '10,- 1, ! '. 1 , ,., ..,I ,.',, 'IA j

. ',....,:if ,!'.1,:, .. j,' '', '') . 1,1 !f,I 4 )1I .1., I. . ii, I.: I , 19...... + ,,,,k) .4.'. ,I i,1'110 4. 1.4'. "1 ,f.f41 I 4 01 ll).,)1,. , . Tr4.f.d I .:41..:ql.,.._ .. _ ILI ..,:, , n .. :I _ _

'II ,e11 tE me riy '...t,i 4 fI,' 4, I'l!,"

ri! n1;','r11414111k14; InN,TL'I Li.1--)'l pH ` I , Anth:Ar. :,' i nu,,,, ,,i'l ;;if::,:;1,-,t,...,,,,.; Py ir, .I.1!..if .1) porro,.- '-ittilnro'..0 Ilf.n.ity -rf .1 I- t ind I iln 1 ti. nu! loan input s 1IrctriCity ifiD,Jf..4 -ti s t r i kited Lt,hree se.-..tors )

4i01",,f,r11411,;,rv-ef. , . `i ... , r, I )1, 2 445. I nf11/ 4,1.f.!:11 ,,..:. ..,i0. 2 . :4 . 'I irir+000,t1tiC, 413. i 4.4. I il Ifct.rf r'IwOr , 4, 1 :14.) .( 1,111.;,(14. 4 , 4 , I 4 I .20 ,.f. "...-... 3.0

.' I'iiiif I .-.4'),

lk.of'.-in,1

,-_,),!!ic_t ort_. ''« Fly.) , .4!

r r Orr ;,i, nff. II P,f1!O. .4 0.11-If")"...ono! fly'11W:!....or 3i: I° 1. II1,-)n. 1,50. r 1Pf 24 iIn Pt u

CI A Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 Maryland and Districtof Columbia

ii i t , 1'100,, A n ! : 0.11 :...-, 'Ct.?. .J-,'-d-I- Uranium ' i,, 49,1 and1 !on i1 i? 'i.,..L ,..i^ -! 1i 'pi i OS (M11( f ) (thousand pounds ton., i ( , 'i'..i nil 1. : irn) ,i,ornt1-.51 ) reco_yerable 1,1308) I,l1 ., ..:I 0 0

..4,, 51

w wel I s: ib Uranium )P1SCSI0

t.1 Mtilcf 0tons or ore---- i o ,91'' Natural- ily-ifr-OTO-Wer --.25n--d-- An.! 1 in It gas 1 i . nuclear 1)e1 btrl. '1 (MMCf) ., (mill ion kW-hr) ,j , . 122, Jig, 0 . 1 10,1 74,575 0 t r I. 1,601 0 Zmwo, 1, 7,043 (3 t) ! n ...' '7

ryil iiintr nerlLy, `. t,i ?.1,1i

Pif Pr,yr(151,11t4p11,14),T 411H,, 1 n'i Nto .. " I,r,frous .091 I',....rol 0,, 41,11,,,..11 1,y.1,n1)nwer - TO-f.-dl-iir-b-cs Iftility -TOTil net And1 ,in i!i.I/ 0,0.5,, t... la', r..,..11.Ar inputs electricity inputs distributed (three sectors) 1.11 1.i t'il'..2 ; II.: 9 ni ,i 71.3 402,4 ). 2 a, 1 , I 2 b 1.4 46, 3 309,7 !,An spor '11 ion (I',, a. (18.0 0.7 318.1

1 Inc kr I. 1 1,o). i 118,6 .. 0 1.1 S. 3 5.3 'i 2 i.7 1,256.4 118.3 1,036.1 on toil,' no. 1 1.9 100.0 ... Hydropower total t-16.1 011-6 to :

54 1 1 f:61a. of p.i !. 0.n. ion_ 10,081,

t 1dross one rid a,n1)0i , III ion 9to total net en, t'lyinPUt:1,036,1 tri 11 ion Btu o1.1 1 .1ros'. 160W W,111 inn 11t,1 total net ,,nerov input Pen capita:ii., mill ion Btu

1 Ina 1,61,.. I,

. .1 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 New Jersey

1,11e n fir' fmr.i 1ti 11,11, 1 1 inu (1,111,f ) the,..and pounds I 1,1.1 ) enierab le 03011 !f1, 1Sn 0 ) t 11H, 0

its II 3 it11114,1' rio,,

0 11: Ir 1,, 1 rt..1 f o ton; of ore

i iit4'Mpi, 1 _ . 011 Pot r ni nulr Ndt.(11',1-1.

) t on ', fiIt'i.r.,1,,:tr-i.:ti'l-,.111,.. (;141";CIf) (m..1 tlI.°1 Cioi nea. ir.W:h r ), 2 ,, 026 ti 0 .1o,r1 2 '11 (7) , 713),,H 0 0 729 P.I 1,10(.7) I ,(:11 , ;1(111 :3,0109 0 f 1.10 WIC )22 1,1;1, 0 .,?_'...ti..)!I... .f_f 4 ,f:fP , .,,..1J;L.....

'fl I ion!I nerlj. f)ta ti...,t lc;-I c3/2

ItiF Prifi l',V)IIMPT ION Ti? 111.11A fifIl.__. Antilr170. n..r,,,,in.)4,-, (0,11 F:,:ft.:1-:f;:11:t.,1.01 '' at.".1,:1.1-- livrfro power - 1.-)61. (fr.65.; 11 Cillty Tointp.ault-snet Inn!I ig n i to -1,t'. ruc lea r inpu t s electricity distributed (three sectolis) 011/1 .i C,),11 i II,I 651.11 21 0 61,8.;5-- 97.6 766,1 InduStriAl ...... I. 1: i. 9 0 125.1 63.0 7r1n,,portition. , 'I.!, 0 5`,2 , 2 0 258528..21 f t, I. nowor 104.., :44, 1 199,1 ...

ffotil , 1.1.; 1,4,4 .1 160.6 ,. 14 19. 2.; 10,) ii.yftropow Total- (..1116!, ',111 :13"

. . , . , 44 1 nntr,,in,t .144 250 141 10.37$ 11 inn ).. , .20.2:2 i -224 34,,59 /". ; ,ri 11 inn P.m total net enerrly inPut I .1,16. 3 tri 11 ion fitu 1 !DI r.1 [11' ,)to 70f.11net eneroy input Per cdpi ta : 220 mill ion Btu

4.11 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 New York

AntKracTta nituminous coal- Crude oll: Natural gas- Natural 9a5 Uranium (thow,and and 118nite (thousand liquids (MMcf) (thousand pounds tons) (thousand ton-.) Phi) (thousand td_,1 recoverable U328) 5.eseryes o 0 0 Production: 139,184 0 (luantit/. 1.0 0 Value, thousands 0 3,679 0 4.84/ 0 1,199 0

AVer,19vnumber ifdr: iv° uoera rudo oil wrells: Naturalqa,, wells: 650 Uranium mines: 0 Libor force - Total 8.2)0.0)0 Hol "(t,. t,,,,lodlnu ;:.vores,,inq):

_ "P.q.0Uum refiner*s -Vatural gas processinIplantS -Uranium maii Prixi-R.iTtl-q-1.Tan-t-s: Number 0 0 0.01,, 'Achim: it/ 102.600 661 U MMcf 0 tons of ore

...... _ ._. _...... _ CONCOMPTI6N Ant.filte 9dtuminoiis coal --NIT01-6um Natural Hydropower and (thousand and lignite products gas nuclear toms) (lhousan.d tons) ._ . _ ..._ (thousand bbl) (Mtic f_) (million kW-hr) . ., H,:is'ehilI li - /:1:1;;11,1.0.rr. 1.0 . . 0 51 169,965 491,559 Indu.,trial .... 0 7,3)6 0 Trartiportation 15,615 127,241 0 0 219,320 1,401 flectrir. power.. .. 0 6,060 0 9 iv. .3 92,892 75,507 34,007 II Ineous u41 0 total.. 986 0 0 I...3.,467. _ ...... ,A8.7/8 .6_91.1.0.8 lc nna Salient inerly Statistics 2_1912.

ENFRGY CONSUMPTION,TRILLION R1U . Anthca(7r6. ,,i.....,,,,s ,0-o- "Ntnnre-um tiatul- i-ficropower- -TotST gross ---DaTiry 'Total net l'' ! !imlite products gas nuclear inputs electricity inputs distributed (t.hree sectors) Ifou.s.e6Olderclal. . 0 1.4 1.014.-1 506.8 1,522.3 Industrial 0 234,9 1,757.2 :170.0 91.6 131.2 tranSportation 0 424.8 110.7 515.5 0 0 1,185.1 3.5 0 1,189.2 10,1 1,199.5 llectric p,-w 7 115.6 '01.9 77.1 154.8 1,145.9 M1we11,1nPour,.;. 11.9 ... 0 5.6 0 0 29.5 29.5 Total 101.M 1,816.9 ;19.3 754.8 4,111.7 355,9 7'e.,:entaue5. 06 7,9 66.; 3,521,7 16,7 8.1 100.0

. _ . 1,1%siT fuel_ Nuclear lvdropoaer l',eratinu ToTT Number 4, 3 119 206 [nstalled ,Achu:1!.? (th0u1and 18,981 1.34 3,414 24,189 Production !million 68.111 6,465 27,542 102 140 total u1045 enorqy s.s11.: trillion Btu Total net energy input: 1,521.7 trillion Btu 1otal orihs enerqy input per capita: million Btu 215 Total net energy input per capita: 1g2 million Btu

4.12 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 North Carolina

hnthcite litumin-Pus coal Trude i-511- haturil (las WaturTIT-qas Uranium (thousand and lignite :thessend liquids (MMcf) (thousand pounds tonp)._ '0.1,oucand hb1) (thour,and hbl) _recoverable U.1013) 1441. 1,1.1,0.18 0 P(0duntion. 0 0 '10,18ti'y V1100, 7.110051nd5 (U) 11

n48.1.nr .1 J.-J./0 q;.ord.i.815 (.1,11 8.405' fr0de oil Is Natural qa% wells 0 Uranium mines: 0

- (4e1 %ector feAclpdinu processinir

Po.r0leum efiveides 1tturtltsprocc'Y.)nqpldnts -- Uranium m mills o eissieg `lumber fl 0 11/111/ ipic It/ . hhl MMcf 0 tons of ore

_ ...... ------nfi-SUIOTION 9 i t tiniTnoti5C6-..d1 -Pet-r-61-iiiim -N-a t u 41- 0.1.0q4dnd Trid-r7opowe-F-iii-d- ,mndlignite products gas nuclear funs) (thousand tons) (_thouSdnd 1,61) (Mcfj (million kW-hr, 0,815e6o1 d-commerclal.. 370 30,071 51,15! 0 industrial 1,423 14,593 TranSportatInn 94,252 0 0 73,743 6,071 Flectricphoer .... () 18,763 5,220 16,812 6,429 Mi-,cellane0us i 1 1,283 0 0 20,556 l2A.,110 168 286 6...22._

;aliont In_erq.y.Statistic5_21972.

FNERGY CONSUMPTION,TRILLION BTU 7inthrut LA! 1.tidumi.ri0u5 coal- ivtiriT-eum laturaT llidi-onower- lotil gross-TIM Ity ToTiTnet dnd lignite Products qa5 nuclear inputs electricity inputs distributed (three sectors) (7, diuP.erc-i,ii-., 10 ,1 171.6 52.7 o 234.4 100.6 335.0 industrial S 18.8 88.1 97.2 0 224.1 70.4 294.5 Transportativi 0 190.9 6.3 o 397.2 0 397,2 Flectric power .1.1.1 32.3 17.3 66.7 535.4 ... mk,iellaneow, 6.5 0 C 6.5 6.5

Total. . 4611.d 689.4 173.5 66.7 1,397.6 171.0 1,033.2 P,..'2entd.v..5 11.5 12.4 4.8 100.0 ...

1.0501 1-801 Npclear Hydropower Total leneratrn0- pld'n't. Numhpr 31 0 42 73 1nstailed capicity (thousand kW) u, iii: 0 1/834 11,215 Prqductian Hillion .r0-.118)... 51,162 0 6,429 57,591

7..,ta I 1 . , +,'. n Ir'7%;,`,,P,'0./ '818)f-..5. trillion iltu Total net energy 180ut: 1,033.2 trillion Btu rotd!.;80.5s ..r880/ input 588 ,apita! 268 million Stu Total net energy input per capita: 198 million Btu

4.13 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 Ohio

Ai 7 /in I., 1(in.i I'I.", 11rinium 04,1 .0,1 1 or.,t rrn.,1,1 1 1/1/1 ',I', 1,MM, 7 ) (. flf; .19Ind pounds ' 0,1 .t.00s ' o erd b 1 e U308 )

i10 %.11o,,i1 .)

1 f _

N1M, f LOH',

:40! 'C) hl. " i'1 1 .J.,11.1., It , ,011 %I tural r17,-1,,,0noor arq--- tnon.10,7 Ulrl 1,101 to i.,r.v! ii1 .. 11,1 f., ,,,,,', fPIC ,..",19. 7.m.in,.! nini . o, Iht.1 I ;Milcf ) .''.',i 1 1ion 74-hri 441.i .,....1f/1 ,,. 60,1,00 0 I.'.. '0174 '4,0/ ,.,..'r. 0 0 1:40,0-, It.T.0, 0 .ii,I .), i./.. In 15.589 , U 0 7. ii :11:7 I,I 9, I PI ,

1,-,Y 171/4 70,1 7 1 ''11P.711

1o7,11- gross 0.11ity 7.)t,i1- net in,/ i i 0,11frit nun 1I1 fr input) 1,1octricity inputs distributed tl (tIree sector)) (1 162.9 1.0S5.7 !",2 .1 204.7 1.!4'27 5 {Oct!'j 0.1 759.2 I III n, . ... fi. 4. 'Li, 7 to. ),27q 2 . 100,0

Hydropower, roo,or bl"intV

i.dolcity f599',191 oro,19ition 1,:9111ion r 0117.r0ss -r,rg in0net rill )on qt0 I not 0r100,1./ingot 1. 2 tn'iIijIrfl 1771 lotd) onfi,i),iripor,p. mi I1 ion f",tg -70 ¶ nor.''ii ,',''ii nout:WY' I Illt, ni 1 110n

4.14 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 Pennsylvania ..... Etntrr-UC-rt-e- ,..1.81iu:,.-. 9,11 Crr,.1.. 011 .ii .t ,,,,11 'Ll.t.31,3 Ioat: i ,111.,..: 111,1 : , 1 I iunit n (31.i. ,r ) c.0unds t 0r0,)_ ftno,'.1,110.1,,i ii'. i .; ( i..10 14,111,1i.i.1 ... 1/...... ,.,..: reco,erable Ltitl.y) ,, .,111 .. i..,().illil 1 1-.. Priul,,,. t inn ! I;

'n,Int.3t /...... 11c' 7 1; 1 1,.41 ,31. ..17 ct l', 0'1' :,,. l' ,I.I , ..

1. 1 0.1 «el 1: 1 I,uel 16,3,00 '11

t ,./ iit3 I I !un

1 in,1 11 , /, "118./ 0tons of ore

t Lno, Petrole, 'la tur-al Hirronower dna I 1 pro,19( t.s g9S nuc lear ) (thousdnd (FINcf ) (41 i11 inn l34-hr) lenis'ene lil. I nitustr i 33 4114,tinti rdn't.por tt ... tuti.1-1:1 0 484 0

sc.e I 1 22 I. 18t, 0 . . "72 _

ient tst. s - 1012

1t31 01(1 rretylt4P(10'1 ,MN L1'3')1.11) rii to,::neusc n111 Pot role-um 'la t 9r -11 Hydropower To CO gross --1.1t-M17--- 7511 net 0,1 Ii '1,,,t 4 18-0.tuti., t(,1: mic I Pa i' input: electricity inputs 11(iir3.-eno1/1.,uiiiiijrr 1,11 . .. . distributed Lthree sectors.) lndu:triu 12.... 411.o 0 ,9.1 154,4. , .043.7 408,2. il I. 31:.. 0 180.3 I .494.3 Trant,porta I i o 2,i,44 Ii 902.8 3, 3 r IA' if, 106. I cc In:. ; lu.0 'in, 7, .111 I Iuneriu: 1, 1 ... cc 0 118, 3 Ili. '3 i 7... -, '171,9 19,0 "..119.8 318.0 3.462.,. .11..! 0.5 100.0 ,... 1 oir 1r1.1.111,1r ,14

1 rl t 1 11,i, cpcc i I 1 .i1:2 r 7:5

w-m!m;,iordu! i II ion ;tt,.) Totd I ret enerni input: 3 tr i11 ion Btu Li I.1r...,4, t, c.o.. ..t111 ion Rtg 71.; net energy inpUt ter iut mill ion Btu

4.15 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 Virginia

,.i.,;:i-r, ;,'c'ool-- Crio-7,71-..- ii-atral qa,, Natoral 0,1c, ifranium ttno.,,A,1 lnd Ionite 3.hovArn: liquids iMM(f) !.rinusand pounds to,,1 (1.1,05san3!prIc ) ;,h1) . ... 1thoasan1 bbl) ...... reco,erable q3011) 35,921 TH,artiti,. 1 rIsi y,. 4,707 III ,,, P..,,,l %API', . IN,Iv. iI 2

pl, 1111 Uraniol mineS:

I tor (e., 111,1 r1,1 ) 12

pi .rp.f r t.1,17 r ( ev._H liTanium 7,J11-s- 1,

llumbrir 0 ! 1 'JoC . 63,1 MMcf 0 tons of ore

C0N;OMPT10) Situmibous coal Petji5lewn HjaTopower arr7d and 11901:e products nuclear (t=" (thousanA tons) !thousand bbl) No(t4Mrcaf) (million kW-hrl_ uttusehold-..h perrj-1.. o slh 23,223 Industrial. 0 2,717 :0,080 Irdw;p0rtation 0 0 iliiictric powir.. . r 25,510 08i,:::: MiiIcellInilnuc 1,81 1,129 .10td1 .5 ,....N2 ..i.,vt.attiL_ ....__ .. _160,049 I Salient Frieray. Statistics -__19/1

FNERGY CONSUMPTION, TRILLION BTU Ant. lirdcilf 0;tnminou-, coal TetrciTeum Ndtu-i7d1- Hydropowe( - Utility ------7.1-2et and lign1te produtts grin nuclear 11-4n1p.uT's°54 electricity distributed a Household-romper-1AI. (three sectors) ii 11.3 1 13.8 05.0 03.7 323.8 lnduStrill 74,1 61.0 66,9 0 202,0 32.1. r,ansoort.ition :06.1 11.5 0 0 7.1'.'f: F. I ectr i 1,2,m,,,, 111.7 160.:. 4.7 18.9 2:70°176 Miii,cellAne00%.; ... 5.7 0 6.9 lOt01. 0,2 10n.1 025.n 165,1 18, 1,208,3 125.1 1,036.7 P.,C,int0q,',. ... 11141. 15,i 68,3 13.7 1,5 100,0

T -3) foel- Surl-ear TotaT (',(51-,f-,-7713- - rPPY".___ __ Nomhiir 2o 1 24 Installed c.apacity (thous ind pd), 5,710 842 71,4 ( orodwetIon :,million 1,W-hr. 2d!..41 448 1,362 30 251

Total qrn:sPrrPogy 1.:11,.1 trillion Rtu Total net energy input: 1,036.7 trillion Btu rotd1 per million Rtu Total net energy input per canita:218 million Btu

4.16 Salient Fuel Statistics-1972 West Virginia

. . 1.1;:117i11--1, 41, 7 1-111. l .i,r1 11 ':411r41q45 ond ) t 11'. 1!6!)1 Arn2 ,,.1 nt1 Po,;nrdnr,-- Prriduct i on iluantt 74!..16.

,,;rvi. 111111hf, .1, 'n111'111111:1, - 1 "o 1,11.4.11. 1. 11 u Ur' 1.1" :.:11Jorf1)r-cr1 : ;.

Pr,,Tn7j pl Numn4.r DaI / MK I/ tons 04

..._. . - . _ Cr111r.OMPT ION n i t1111 inour, (=dal. 1,.?t. rril eu., .Nit..u.ral-- Prjr:n.,,or 7A'n'd ', tno,r.and andI iun 1 t e go5 Pn01,1c(.2 r.,.16or "...how,and!Ad) (Ml.lcf) :,:i11i06,, , 140-i;c6h61;fcnrwerci,1 2)1 .7.67:'. :i3,315 Industrial .i,:.36 11,,11 I0i,279 I. ranr,par ta t ion .. ..1,.,, 7 7 ti 11. ,74.1. 0 I I ec tr I c pnwer 19,-ur, 655 kikcelloneour,.. !.57 if.. 1 7i) ii 0 TO,d1 ; ...._ ...-.... . 1161,1'01 ' . W. 1 !'.1.2 ...... -.11, ..._ 0 ient Fnerlf;,toti5tiCS - 11?

PIEMY CONSINprinq, rpILLIQN PTO ).it.,-,,,inrijs'70,11 rn-6.--01-,,,,,, %a tura'l Fir-oPn.wer.- 'trit-U'l;fr-a-t, s -0 tiTIC,/ i i,Inii,p tnd 0,(1,i1li t.1-, 615 6,,16or ',puts elPctrity inputs distribut(.d ,f.nnee SntOrS) fro-U;;J614:::6.r-i;et-,-..i.11..- --7-.7.- 71:7 I .7,7:1' _ -5:0 .74:1- 735.r Indust,d1 -,).'..) 134.-2 o . ,:..0 14.5 .77.5 franspor t a Orin, 0 II u. I 1). 3 1/ 126.2 4 26,2 Elclric pOw6, 1 .; '.12 .2 Misc,,Ilanenus.,.. 0 4 0.. u Total 0 767 .1 1.47. 2 3' i,'o 5.5 1, i 11, 1 Porcentalw, 1,2.2 1 :10.0

N1.1.c 104, ,,p1r6p6.46! ?;.n.rif2r.a ETri-1 iTan'.% Nutril-utt- 23 .7oriac 'Tv Installed (tnnt.r;and h 1,)1 9,7/6 Praluction lmillInnk14.1nr)

Iota Iurtas% ererui Inont . 1.111 "l Rt1.1 ,n111 net input: 1 2 trill i an(,..tu ru1n.,11 grOr, ,n011117 ,..01./1:0. -611 inn lltu 70ta (11:1" CR11 Tri 1 1 ion RtJ .

4.17 Gas Intensive Industries by SIC Code Gas Consumption 1971 (BCF)

Code Industry Group 4-Digit 3-Digii 2-Digit

2-2. Textile Mill Products 100.7 2211 Weaving Mills, cotton 11.8 2221 Weaving Mills, synthetics 12.4 225 Knitting Mills 15.2 2256 Knit Fabric Mills 7.4 226 Textile Finishing, except wool 28.8 2261 Finishing Plants, cotton 11.2 2262 Finishing Plants, synthetics 13.9 227 Floor Covering Mills 13.3 2272 Tufted Carpets and Rugs 12.1 228 Yarn and Thread Mills 7.1 2281 Yarn Mills, except wool 4.1 229 Miscellaneous Textile Gocds 8.8 2295 Coated Fabrics, not rubberized 3.4 23 Apparel, Other Textile Products 14.2 2327 Men's and Boys' Separate Trousers 2.1 2392 House Furnishings 2.0 24 Lumber and Wood Products 71.1 2421 Sawmills and Planning Mills 19.1 2432 Veneer and Plywood 17,8 2499 Wood Products 21.4 25 Furniture and Fixtures 18.8 2511 Wood Household Furniture 4.2 2522 Metal Office Furniture 2.8 2542 Metal Partitions and Fixtures 2.6 26 Paper and Allied Products 477.0 2621 Paper Mills, except building paper 195.2 2631 PaperhJard Mills 175.3 2653 Corrugated and Solid Fibre Boxes 16.5 2661 Building Paper and Board Mills 22.8 2711 Newspapers 8.4 2751 Commercial Printing, except lithographic 12.7 2752 Commercial Printing, lithographic 7.3 28 Chemical and Allied Products 1,427.5 281. _Industrial Chemicals 1,122.0 --2818 Industrial Organic Chemicals 586.1 2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals 364.5 282 Plastics Materials and Synthetics- 159.3 2821 Plastics Materials and Resins 5.3 2822 Synthetic Rubber 49.0 Cellulosic Manmade Fibres 11.6 2824 Organic Fibres. noncellulosic 41.0 283 Drugs 17.0 2834' Pharmaceutical Preparations 13.8 284 Soap, Cleaners, and Toilet Goods 20.6 28-41 Soap and Other Detergents 14.0 287 Agricultural Cnemicals 56.0 2871 Fertilizers 46.6 289 Miscellaneous Chemical Products 46.7 2892 Explosives , 7.0 289-5 Carbon Black 18.7 2899 Chemical PreparatiPis 15.9 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 2911 1,321.5 Petroleum refining 1,291.1 295 Paving and Rooting Materials 22.4 2951 Paving Mixtures / Blocks 10.3 2952 Asphalt Felts and Coatings 12.2 30 Rubber and Plastics Products 3011 76.6 Tires and Inner Tubes 28.9 3069 '15ricated Rubber Products : .., x 19.6 3079 -7't. fv;iscellaneous Plastics Products 27.0 31 Leather and Leather Products 8,2

4.18 Gas Consumption 1971 (BCF) (continued) Code Industry Group 4-Digit 3-Digit 2-Digit 3111 Leather Tanning and Finishing 4.6 32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products 703.9 3211 Flat Glass 50.4 322 Glass, Glassware, pressed or blown 171.3

3221 . Glass Containers 116.2 - ._ 3229 Pressed and Blown Glass 55.0 3241 Cement, hydraulic 201.7 325 Structural Clay Products 102.3 3251 Brick and Structural Clay Tile 75.3 3255 Clay Refractories 23.6 3259 Structural Clay Products 16.9 326 Pottery and Related Products 15.5 3261 Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures 5.4 3264 Porcelain Electrical Supplies 4.0 327 Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products 85.6 3274 Lime 38.0 3275 Gypsum Products 29.6 329 Miscellaneous NonmetaHic Mineral Products 69.0 3295 Minerals, ground or treated 16.2 3296 Mineral Wool 30.0 33 Primary Metal Industries 1,102.0 331 Blast Furnace, basic steel products 661.5 3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills 632.8 332 Iron and Steel Foundries 59.8 3321 Gray Iron Foundries 32.7 3323 Steel Foundries 18.6 333 Primary Nonferrous Metals 199.0 3331 Primary Coppers 43.6 3333 Primary Zinc 20.2 3334 Primary Aluminum 120.8 339 Miscellaneous Primary Metal Products 54.3 3391 Iron and Steel Forgings 26.0 3399 Primary Metal Products 21.2 34 Fabricated Metal Products 157.4 3421 Metal Cans 19.1 3443- Fabricated Platework (boiler shops) 12.8 3461 Metal Stampings 18.5 3494 Valves and Pipe Fittings 14.9 35 Machinery, except electrical 149 2 3522 Farm Machinery 17.4 3531 Construction Marhinery 15.8 3585 Refrigeration Machinery 13.4 36 Electrical Equipment and Supplies 107.6 362 Electric Industrial Apparatus 22.2 3621 Motors and Generafrrs 9.0 3624 Carbon and Graphite Products 8.5 366 Communication Equipment 19.6 3bbt Telephone and Telegraph Apparatus 10.3 3662 Radio and TV Communication Equipment 9.4 37 Transportation ____ 371 141.6 Motor Vehicles and Equipment 96.0 3711 Motor Vehicles 44.9 3714 Motor Vehicles Parts and Accessories 45.7 372 Aircraft and Parts 31.8 3721 Aircraft 15.0 38 Instruments and Related Products 3861 15.8 Photographic Equipment and Supplies 5.1 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 21.3 3940 Sporting and Athletic Goods 3.0 3994 Morticians' Goods 3.0

;ource: Department of Commerce

4 1 9 5.Lists thecritical gasdependent in- Section 5 dustries. 6.First assessment of the economic ef- A Format To Assess and fects.- By assigningpriorities,the Manage a Curtailment form canbe used over and over again to establish the configurations Purpose which will minimize the economic im- This section is, in essence, an arrange- pact, beitin terms of value added ment of forms which provides the team or unemployment. member on location with a framework Part B consists of a sequence of three which will: forms which combine the relief actions Lead to arapid understanding and possible under FPC, FEA, and related assessinent of the effects of a curtail- efforts. The last form gives a measure ment o shortfall and the potential of the ultimate residual shortfall, which chances of obtaining an effective re- can then be reintroduced into Part A to lief and its potential benefits. compute the inevitable economic impact. Provide a uniform reporting format in which all pertinent facts can be recorded and become part of the main files. The method presentedhere assumes that data are obtained on an historical basis,primarily fromtheutility company;in general, this can be achieved with a reasonable degree of objectivity. Byinsertingthemintotheproper spaces on the forms and by some simple computations, the team can obtain a "working knowledge"of thesituation and ready itselffor more detailed dis- cussions with those who are concerned with the economic and social effects of the curtailment. Content A data.gathering and assessment scheme is presented which consists of two parts: A. Deals with the data pertaining to energy demand and suppii, the potential penalties 'to be expected from a curtailment orshortfaH and some guidelines on how to prioritize end- use in a manner which reduces the economic impact on the community. B. Provides a recordof the,,remedial actions which have been takewor are contemplated. This partwilldeter- mine the inevitable "residual shortfall" which can then be introduced into Part A and give a measure of the economic consequences of .the natural gas shortage in the particular situation. Part A consistsof a sequence ofsix forms which are arranged as follows: 1.Presents numerical evidence on the supply capabihty and its upper performance limits. 2. Provides basic descriptive data on the demography of the locality. 3. Gives the basic meteorological data for the design and energy demand of the heating equipment as itis re vealed by past and present records. 4. Gives abroad surveyof enduses and determines the effective curtailment rate in percent.

5.1 Local Offices

. City Zip

County

State .

Primary Contacts

Agency or Office

. Dept. of Commerce . Address Contact Telephone Telex

State Energy Office Address Contact Telephone Telex

___ _ ._ State Utility Comm.', Address Contact Telephone Telex

Local Energy Cogn. Address Contact Telephone Telex

Complier cif data Date 52 Energy Stipp ly Capability Part A Form 1

Main S-uppliers (Gas Pipelines) Address Contact Telephone

GasDistributor(s) Address Contact Telephone

Gas Supply Capabilities Gas Storage capab. Main throughput MMCF/year MMCF Winter rate MMCF/day LNG Capacity MMCF for months Max. delivery rate from these CD MMC day Summer rate MMCF/day time limit days Peak (average over years) MMCF/ day Propane availability MMCF Maximum Flow Rate MMCF Maximum Rate of addition@ MMCF/day time limit days

Curtailment percentage % (enter in sheet A6)

Alternate Energy Sources (descriptive estimates)

Oil as a group BBL/ day gas equiv. MMCF/day Electrioity KW gas equiv. MMCF/day Coal t/day gas equiv. MMCF/day

_ Transportation capability for alternates:

State Set aside for alternate Fuels: MMCF rate available for release on location (..1:.J MMCF/day

for how long? . clays

5.3 Demographic Data Part A Form 2

General data Work force Financial

Population Total number of City budget $ p.a. production workers Number of households Mean family income % full time $py. Cost of Living Index % part time Commuters into town Unemployment, current 0/0 seasonal 0/0

non seasonal 0/0

Weather, Heating Demand and Conservation Part A Form 3

Mean local degree days cr.) design temperature Average summer' demand (baseload) MMCF/day Historical winter demands MMCF/day Difference heating demand ® MMCF/day Historical slope ® +0 MMCF/day degree days

Records of recent months

Year: No\, Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Total

demand (resid. comm.)

deduct baseload

Differential demand (heat)

cle::;ree days

,degree days

slope

Compute conservation effects Room temperature 68 F % reduction + MMCF/day Room temperature 65 F % reduction 4 MMCF/ day

5.4 General Demand Survey (Effect of Conservation Measures) Part A Form 4

absolute demand % of total demand end- user category without MMCF!day. with MMCF day without % with % conservation conservation conservation conservation -----residential commercial 0

power generation 0

industrial if separately recorded public 0 services (hospitals, schools, etc.)

Total 100% 100%

Effective Reduction due to conservation MMCF/day 100%

Deduct C-3)®givess NG suppiy available for power generation industrial use MMCF/day Deduct 0 ® 7,ives residual available for indOstrial use MMCF/day Divide by igives effective curtailment rate 0/0

Enter this figure into Form A6.

5.5 Spectrum of the Major hitiustrial Gas Users Part A Form 5

production value mape payroll hours per . , sales number added continuous week FPC Nu. Name 01 Mtn (...L_...,..._....,..,,, of produc, type of contract operation priority hrs. per mandatory workers MMCF day $pz $ p,a, $ p.a, week ,

r fJ1 J

Total of theabove@

Iotaindustrial complex®

,.. 0 Percentage (,-.0/1,-'.) ti

1)7 Curtailment Effect Assessment (Industrial Users Only) Part A Form 6

on week y basis Deficits on weekly basis

employees pay ro II sa leS added Substi- Present Remain . SubstituteResidualAllocation employ. added per per per value per payrol I sa les tute gas log cap. Demand of gas rnent value usage shortfal I Employ- MMCF MMCF MMCf, MMCF Fuel cap, Sales N ment priority MMCF MMCF MMCF MMCF priority per 0/ per per 0/0 day day day day

Total

.11111014

Curtailm, Identity percentage

Amount available from pipeline®

Total available + 0 + 0 +() Total Shortfall for relief action

99 100 Record of FPC Remedial Actions To.Date (For guidance see chart, Section 2, page 2.2,7) Part B

No. Category Sale Relief mechanism ofi Who Quantity Date Applied Action

A6 applied? requested i. nitiat, to? to date if appl. Diner Extra. Self Direct CommInd. Ind' Distr.Pipe.P,U.0.Other by to direct line gency ord, help _ sale

Total Received quantity request to date

Record of FEA Remeidal Actions ToDate (For guidance see chart, Section 2, page 2,3.17)

No. on Desired Quantity End.user cat. Relief Mechan, Base Line A6 Alternate requested Who State Date Applied toAction to if applied? Setaside initiat. ? date appli. Middle Resi. nth , , , Nat, Gas Ind, Comm. Util. Prop erAssignAdjustWaiver yes .no cable distill, dual "I" equiv. _

Total quantity Received to date 101 requested

Correction here Summary of FPCI FEA and Local Relief Actions (All in MMCF/ pay)

(For guidance see chart on page 2.4 of Section 2)

Go back to A6 and compute inevitable hardships as a function of residual energy shortfall Part B

FPC Type FEA Type Additional Supplies Savings Due to Inevitable Shortfall Allotment Allotment Obtained via DistributorConservation Program Residual Shortfall

Re-

ceived

Re-

quested

I 0 4 ing number of therms sold. (May calculate of pressure and temperature. This is the Glossary average revenue per Mcf.) accepted standard for the comparison of ABSORPTION. Thepenetrationof one BARREL (OIL). A volumetric unit of meas- the heating values of fuels. substance into the inner stucture of an urement equivalent to 42 U.S. Standard BURNER CAPACITY. The maximum Btu other.Inphysiochernistry,throughthe gallons. per hour that can be released by a burner, process of "absorption" a liquid takes up BASE PERIOD. Eachcalendarquarter while burning with astable flame and molecules of a gas or vapor. during the period April1,1972, through satisfactory combustion. Also called burner ACETYLENE (HC=CH). A colorless, highly March 31, 1973, which corresponds to the rating. flammable, explosive gas with an ethereal present calendar quarter, except that pur BURNER, GAS. A device for the final re odor. Itis soluble in alcohol and acetone: chasers of propane may, at their option, lease of air/gas or oxygen 'gas mixtures only slightly soluble in water. Acetylene is use theperiod June1,1972, through or air and gas separately into the com- .used in vinyl chloride and vinylidene chlo- June 30, 1972, as the base period. (FEA) bustion zone. Gas burners may be classi ride:vinyl acetate; welding and cutting BENCH See COAL GAS. fiedasatmosphereicburnersorblast metals.; neoprene, acrylonitnle; acrylates; (pressure) burners. BITUMINOUS COAL. A broad classof per and trichloroethylene: cyclooctatetra- soft coals having 46.86% fixed carbon BURNER HEAD.The portionofthe ene; tetrahydrofuran; arid carbon black. and approximately 20.40% volatile mat burner beyond the outlet end of the mixer ADJUSTMENT CLAUSE. See CLAUSE, AD ter, which yields about 11,000 or more tube that contains the ports. JUSTMENT. Btu per pound. Itis combustible in bulk BUTADIENE (C4H6). A highly flammable ALLOCATED PRODUCTS. Residualfuel form. Bituminous coal is found in Penn hydrocarbon gas or liquid p-oduced from oil and refined petroleum products. (FEA) sylvania, West Virginia,Illinois,Indiana, petroleum or alcohol, butadiene isused ALLOWABLES. The peernitted rate of pro Wyoming, and Utah.Itisusedinfuel; after polymerization in making buna (syn duction from a well or a group of wells coke production for the manufacture of thetic rubber); as a starting material for thatis allowed by a particular State or pig iron; PRODUCER GAS, COAL GAS, and adiponitrile(nylon66):inlatexpaints; governing body. The rate is set by rules briquets; and as a source of coal tar, hy resins; and organic intermediates. that vary among the various States or drogen cyanide, and CARBON BLACK. BUTANE (C4H10). A colorless, flammable, governinp, bodies. BLAST.FURNACE GAS. A byproduct from explosive gas with a natural gas odor, sol ALTERNATE FUEL CAPABILITIES.A situ the smelting of iron ore with coke and uble in water and alcohol. Butane is a by ation whe.e an alternate fuel could have preheated air in the blast furnace. Its low product in petroleum refining or natural been utilized, whether or not the facilities Btu value requires regenerative preheat . gas manufacture, is used in organic syn for such use have actually been installed; ing, as with producer gas. thesis; raw material for synthetic rubber provided, however, where the use of nat- BLOWDOWN. See VENTING. andhighoctaneliquidfuels;fuelfor ural gas is for plant protection, feedstock, BOILER RATING.The rating of a steam household and industrial purposes: manu- or p-ocess uses and the only alternate boiler expressed as the total heat trans- facture of ethylene;solvent;refrigerant; fuel is propane or other gaseous fuel then ferred by the heating service in Btu per standby and enricher gas; propellentin the consumer will be treate.d as if he had hour. Sometimes expressed in horsepower aerosols; pure grades used in calibrating no fuel. (FPC) or pounds. instruments; and food additives. ALTERNATE FUELS (AND ENERGY).Fuel BONDED FUELS. Those fuels produced BUTANE-AIR PLANT. A gasification plant, oil(distillate.andresklual),coal,direct outside the customs limits of the United whereliquidbutaneisvaporizedand use of propane or butane, and electricity States,heldinbond unde7, continuous mixed with air and delivered into a gas used in place of natural gas. United States customs custody in accord- distribution system for consumer use. ance with Treasury Department regula- BY-PRODUCTS (RESIDUALS). Secondary ANTHRACITE.A hard coal containing 86- tions and destined for use outside of the products that have comme..cial value and 98% fixed crrbon, which has abrilliant United States,itsterritories, or posses. are obtained from the processing of a raw luster, -conchoidal fracture .and is combus- sions. (FEA) material. They must be the residues of tible.Itisfoundgene-allyinPennsyl- BOTTLED PROPANE. Propane bottled in the gas production process, such as coke, vania,USSR, Europe. and Korea.Itis tar, and ammonia, or they may be the used as an industrial fuel:in the manu cylinders with a capacity of one hundred (100) pounds or less. (FEA) result of further processing of such resi- facture of PRODUCER GAS arrl WATER dues, such as ammonia sulphate. GAS: .and is the source of coke and amor- BRANDED INDEPENDENT MARKETER. A CAPACITY, EFFECTIVE. The maximum phous carbon (see CARBON, ACTIVATED). firm engaged the marketing or dis tributingof rehled petroleum productsload that a machine, apparatus, device, ASSIGNMENT. An action taken by FEA, pursuant to: plant, or systemiscapable of carrying or an authonzed State officiffi, designating under existing service conditions. (a) An agreement or contract with a that an authorized purchaser be supplied refiner (or a firm that controls, is con- CAPACITY,INSTALLED.The maximum at an allocationentitlement level deter- trolled by, or is under common control load for which a machine, apparatus, de- mined by the FEA or an autho ized State with such refiner) to use a trademark, vice, plant, or system is designed or con- official, by a specified supplier. (FEA) trade name, service mark, or other iden- structed, not limited by existing service ASSOCIATED NATURAL GAS. See_GAS, tifying symbol or name owned by such conditions. NATURAL. refiner (or any such firm), or CAPACITY, PEAKING.The capacity of fa AVERAGE ANNUAL GAS CONSUMPTION (b)An agreement or -contract under cilitiesor equipmiritnorrnally usedto PER CUSTOMER (BY CLASS OF SERVICE.) which any suchfirm engaged inthe supply incremental gas under extreme de- Average annual therms used pe- customer marketing or distributing of refined pe- mand conditions ahd beyond contractual by class of service; annual therm sales to troleum productsis g-anted authority quantities. a class divided by the number of custom. to occupy premises owned, leased, orCARBON, ACTIVATED. An amorphous car ersforthat class of se:vice. (May use in any way controlled by a 'refiner (or bon form characterized bY high adsorptiv- .Mcf instead of therms.) firm that controls,is controlled by, or ity for gases, vapors, and colloidal solids. is under common control with such re AVERAGE ANNUAL GAS REVENUE PER Activated carbonisused indecolorizing finer),but thatisnot affiliated with, sugar; water purification; solvent recovery; CUSTOMER (BY CLASS OF SERVICE). controlled by, or under common control Total annual revenue exclusive of forfeated waste treatment; sulfur dioxide removal with any refiner (other than by means from stack gases and "clean" rooms; de discounts and penalties (from a class of of a supply contract, or an agreement service) divided by the number of cus- odorant; jet fumes removal from airports; or contract described in paragraph (a) catalyst; and natural gas purification. tomers in that class of service, or(b)ofthisdefinition), and which does not control such refiner. (FEA) CARBON BLACK. 'Almost pure amorphous ANNUAL REVENUE PER THERM OF GAS carbon consisting of extremely fine parti- SALES (BY CLASS OF SERVICE). Reve- BRITISH THERMAL UNIT(BTU).The cles, made by the incomplete combustion nue from the sffie of gas to a class of quantity of heat required to raise the tem- or thermal decomposition of natural gas service,exclusiveofforfeiteddiscounts perature of one pound of .Nater one de- or petroleum oil. The principal-types; ac- and penalties, divided by the correspond, gree Fahrenheit under stated conditions cordingto the production method, are 6.1 channel black, furnace black, and thermal. (b) WithSpaceHeating.Serviceto used.Ifa manufacturing corporation black. Carbon black is used as a reinforc- customersusing gastosupply the has only a sales office, no plant, at a mg agent in producing rubber and other principal space heating requirements particular location, this is classified as ahralion.resistont products arid plastics. ofadwelling:other residentialuses Commercial Service on thebasis of CARBURETED WATER GAS. Largely a are included herein,if supplied under primary activity.If, however, the sales mixture of "blue- WATER GAS and rich the same rate classification. office is part of a manufacturing plant, OIL GAS. The richer oil gas is carbureted (c) AirConditioning Service.Service this is classified as Industrial Service. with the low Btu value water gas in order to customers using gas to supply the (b) Gas supplied to -these customers to enhance its heating value arid luminous principal air cooling requirements of a for air conditioning or for si..ice heat- qualities. dwelling; other residential uses (cooking is included under Industrial Service, CASINGHEAD GAS. See GAS, CASING- ing, water heating, etc.) are included whether or not supplied under a sepa HEAD. in this classification, is supplied under rate rate contract. the same rate classification. These cus- CATALYST. Any substanceofwhich a (c) For statisticalpurposes, however, fractionally small percentage strongly af- tomers will be included under items (a) Industrial Air Conditioning Service (in- or (b) above, as appropriate, so the fectstherateof a chemicalreaction. cluding any other industrial use under Though the catalyst itself undergoes no sum of (a) and (b) will be Total Resi- the same rate classification) should be chemical change, itis often altered physi- dential Service. However, for statistical tabulated separately to distinguish this cally by chemically adsorbed molecules of purposes, "Residential Air Conditioning from other types of industial use. lhis the reactants. Service" (including any other residen- also applies to gas sold under inter- tial use) also should be tabulated sepa- CERTIFICATE OF CONVENIENCE AND ruptible or off-peak rates or contracts. rately todistinguishthis from other4. Other Services NECESSITY. (1) A special permit, which types of residential service. supplements the franchise, commonly is, Service to municipalitiesor divisions sued by a State utility commission that 2. Commercial Service. (agencies) of State or Federal Govern- Service to customers engaged primarily authorizes autility(adistribution com ments under special contracts or agree- pany) to engage in business, construct fa. in wholesale or retail trade, agriculture, ments or service classifications, appli- cilities, or perform some other service. (2) forestry, fisheries, transpo:tation, com- cable only to public authorities using A permit issued by theFederal Power munication, sanitary services, finance, gas for general orinstitutionalpur- Commission to engage in the transporta- insurance, realestate, personal serv- poses. (Exclude sales properly included tion or sale for resale of natural gas in ices(clubs,hotels,rooming-houses, under items 2 or 3 above, such as interstate commerce or to construct or five or more households served as a manufacturingarsenalsorpublicly- acquire and operate any facilities neces single customer, auto repair, etc.), gov- owned power systems.) sarytherefor, ernment, and service that does not di- towhichcertificatethe rectly come in one of the other classifi- 5. ServicetoOther UtilitiesSales for Commission may attach such reasonable cations of service. (See Standard In- Resale (Uniform System of Accounts, terms and conditions as the public con- dustrial Classification Manual.) 483) venience and necessity may require. (a) The size of the customer or vol- Service to other utility companies, gov- CHANNEL BLACK. See CARBON BLACK. ume of use is not a criterion for deter- ernmental agencies (Municipal, County, CLASS OF SERVICE.Defines consumer mining Commercial Service. The nature State, or Federal), rural cooperatives, types. The common classes of services as of the customer's primary business or etc., for distribution and resale to ulti- applied to ultimate consumers and as rec- economic activity at the location served mate customers. Service to other utili- ommended for statistical purposes, by the determines the customer classification. ties for use by them and not for dis- American Gas Association for use by gas If a particular load to a manufacturing tribution and resale, is to be classified utilities are: or processing plant represents the caf- asresidential, commercial, or indus- I.Residential Service eteria of the plant, or a heating load, trial, depending upon the primary busi- (a) Without Space Heating. Service to withor without any processing load, ness or economic activity. customers supplied for residential pur- whether or notseparately metered, the CLAUSE, ADJUSTMENT.A provision in a poses (cooking, water heating, kitchen account is classified as Industrial Serv- utility tariff that provides for changes in heating, where another fuel is principal ice, item 3 (c). gas rate charged a customer due toin- heat fcr premises, etc.) by individual (b) Gas supplied to commercial cuss creases or decreases in certain costs in meter inasingle family dwelling or tomers forair- conditioning or space curred by the seller, such as purchased building, or ina singleflat or apart- heating isincluded' ur,der Commercial gas cost, transportation costs, or advance ment, or to not over four households Service, whether or not supplied under payments made for gas. served by asingle meter (one cus- a separate rate contract. See general COAL. Relativelydense carbonaceous tomer) ina multiple family dwelhng, definition at the beginning of section 2, solid produced from prehistoric vegetable or portion thereof. and item (c) below. matter and found widely distributedin Service forresidential purposes sup- (c) For statistical purposes, Commer natural veins and deposits, which contains plied to five or more households served cial Air Conditioning Service (including various amounts of hydrocarbons, com as a single customer (one meter) under any other comme:tial use under the plexorganic compounds andinorganic one rate classification contract is con- samerateclassification)should be materials.Itis classified gene-ally as lig- sidered as commercial and is counted tabulated separately to distinguish this nite,subbituminous, and BITUMINOUS. as only one customer. from other types of commercial use. COAL CHAR. Residue from the gasifica- Residential premises also used regu- This also apphes to gas sold under in tion proceSs that may serve as a power larly for professicinal or business pur- terruptibleor off.peak ratesor con source (a fuel) for gasification plants. poses (such as a doctor's office ina tracts. COAL GAS. Also known as bench gas, home, or whe-e a small store is inte 3. Industrial Service coke-oven gas. A mixture of gases pro- gral with the living space) are consid- Service to customers engaged primar- duced by the destructivedistillationof ered as residential, where the residen ily in a process that creates or changes bituminous coal in highly heated fireclay hal use is half or more of the total gas raw or unfinished materialsinto an orsilicaretortsorinby-productt, coke volume; otherwise, these are commer other form or product. This includes ovens. Coal gas is used directly in open cial. establishments in mining and manufac hearth furnaces. Dormitories, hotels, religious and elee turing. (See Standard Industrial Classi COAL 9IL.Crude petroleum, kerosene, mosynary institutions (such as orphan fication Manual.) or the drude oil from the destructive dis homes), boarding and rooming houses, (a) The size of the customer or the tillation of bituminous coal. motor courts, camps, etc., are consid- volume of use is not a criterion for de COKEOVEN GAS. ered as commercial customers for sta- termining IndustrialService. The na See COAL GAS. tistical purposes, even though they are ture of the company's primary busi COKER FEEDSTOCK. Any crude oil or un- supplied by the company on a residen- ness or economic activity at the loca- finished oil, as defined by_pil Import Reg- tial rate contract. (See item 2 below.). tion served determines the distinction ulation1,Revision 5 (32A CFF V Reg. 6.2 106 1.22(f)-(h)) that is used as a feedstock to perci -Rage reduction in supply, applied to DESIGN DAY AVAILABILITY.The amount any of the various types of process units all customers (by a transmission company) of each type of gas arranged to be avail- in a refinery known as "cokers." or to all consumers ina given class of able on the design day and the maximum COMBINATION UTILITY. A utilitythat service (by a distribution company) and combination of such supphes.. (In the case supplies both gas and some other utility (2) end use, a more selective approach, of purchased natural gas, the maximum service (electricity, water, traction,etc.). which considers the purpose for which gas dayallocation,maximum day contract (See also STRAIGHT GAS UTILITY and is used in establishing priorities. quantity, or FPC authorization.) UTILITY.) CUSTOMER CHARGE.A fixed amount to DESIGN DAY TEMPERATURE. The mean COMMERCIAL. Service to customers en. be paid periodically by the customer, with temperature assumed for the Design Day. gaged primarilyinthe sale of goods or out regard to demand or energy consumption. DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION. Decompo. services, including institutions and local sition of a material by heat and simulta and Federal government agencies for uses CUSTOMER COSTS. The costsdirectly neous distillation of volatile products, e.g., other than those involving manufactunng relatedto serving the customer, regard. the destructive distillation of coal to form orelectric power generation.(Seealso less of szdes volume, such as meter read. coke, coal tar, and other liquid and gas- CLASS OF SERVICE: Commercial Service.) ing,billing,andfixedchargesforthe eous products. COMMODITY CHARGE.A cha-ge per unit minimum investment required to serve a volume of gas actually delivered to the customer, DEVELOPMENT COSTS.With respect to buyer. hydrocarbons,includeallcostsinthe DEFICIENCY, GAS. Thedifferencebe- readying of hydrocarbon deposits for com- COMPANY USED GAS. The quantity of tween a distribution company's total gas mercial production, including developmen- gas consumed by a distribution company supply and the total requirements of its tal well drilling costs. (FPC) or transmission company for its own use customers.It p,ay be expressed either in as fuel for compressors. absolute volumes (Mcf) or as a percentage DIFFUSION. The spontaneous mixing of of total requirements. one substance with another. Any gas or CONSUMER, GAS.The ultimate user of mixture of gases will diffuse into others. gas, as contrasted to a "customer," who DEGREE-DAY FORMULA. Any one of the may purchase gas for resale. various systems in use by retailers to pro- DIRECT FLAME PROCESS GAS.Gas use CONTRACTED RESERVES. videwholesalepurchaser-consumersor for which alternate fuels areiinoti techni- Naturalgas cally feasible, such as in aPplications re- reserves dedicatedtothefulfillmentof endusers with automatic delivery service gas purchase contracts. of an allocated product for space-heating.. quiring precise temperature controls and (FEA) precise flame characteristics for those cus- COVERED PRODUCTS. Crude od, residual DEGREE-DAY, HEATING. tomers who have contracted for service fueloil, and refined petroleum products. A measure of under specific rate schedules applicable (FEA) the coldness of the weather experienced, based on the extent to which the daily only to this class of service. (For FPC de- CRACKING. The process ofbreaking finition, see PROCESSING GAS.) down a heavier HYDROCARBON by heat mean temperature falls below a reference tempeature, usually 65°F. (FEA) DISPENSING STATION.Those retail sales and pressure or by catalysts into lighter outlets that sell less than 15,000 gallons hydrocarbons of lower molescular weight, DEMAND. The rate at which gas is delivered to or by a system, part of a sys. per year and sell or fin only bottled pro- producinggasolinefrompetroleumor pane. (FEA) other lower hoihng materials useful as mo- tem, or a piece of equipment, expressed tor oils, domestic fuel oil, or other needed in cubicfeetorthermsormultiples DISPERSION.System of minute particles. products. Cracking to lighter hydrocarbons thereof, for a designated period of time (solid, liquid, or gaseous) distinct and sep . isimportanttoOIL GAS and CARBU- called the demand interval. arate from one another and suspended in RETED.WATER GAS production. a liquid, gaseous, or solid medium, e.g., DEMAND, AVERAGE. The demand on a smog. CRUDE OIL.A mixture of liquid hydro. system or any of its parts over an interval carbons, including lease condensate that of time, determined by dividing the total DISSOLVED NATURAL GAS.See GAS, NATURAL. existsinnatural underground reservoirs number of cubic feet or therms by the and remains liquid at atmospheric pres number of units of time inthe interval. DISTILLATE FUEL OILS. Fueloilspro- sure after passing through surface sepa. duced by distillation as distinguished from rating facihties. (See also PETROLEUM.) DEMAND, BILLING.'The demand upon RESIDUAL FUEL OILS, which are left from which billing to a customer is based, as the refining process. (FEA) specified in a rate schedule or contract. DISTILLATION. CURRENT REQUIREMENTS.The supply Because it may be based on the contract The process of vaporizing ofanallocated product needed by an year, a contract minimum, or a previous a liquid and collecting the vapor, which is enduser or wholesale purchaser-consumer maximum, it may not necessarily coincide usually condensed to a liquid, a distillate. to meet itspresent supply requirements with the actual measure demand of the Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricat- billing period. ingoilareproducedfrompetroleum for a particular use of that product, but through distillation. does not include any amounts thatan enduser or wholesale purchaserconsurner DEMAND, CONTRACT.. The daily quantity DISTRIBUTION.The process of distribut- of gas the suppher agrees to furnish and (a) purchases or obtains forresale,(b) ing gas from the city gate or plant to the the buyer agrees to buy, under a specific ultimate consumers. accumulates as an Inventory in excess. of contract. that purchaser'scustomary inventory DISTRIBUTION COMPANY, GAS,A com- maintained in the conduct of its normal DEMAND DAY.The 24-hour period speci- pany that obtains the major portion of its business practices, or (c) uses in excess fied by a suppheruser contract for pur- gas operating revenues from the operation of the supply necessa-y to meet present poses of determining the purchasers' daily of aretail gas distribution system, and supply requirements as constrained by the quantity of gas used (e.g., 8 a.m. to 8 thatoperatesnotransmissionsystem implementation of the energy conser vation a.m.). This term is used primarily in pipe- other than incidental connections within program required 10 CFR, 211.21. (FEA) line-distribution company agreements.It its own system or to the system of an- is similar to and normally coincides with other company. CURTAILMENT.The diffe,ence between the volume of gas interstate pipelines will the tlist,ibution company "send.o.'1 day." DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.The gas mains actually deliver totheir customers (i.e., DEPLETION. As applied to natural gas- providedprimarilyfordistributinggas thesupply) and thefirmrequirements producing land, the loss in service value within a distribution area, together with (i.e.,contractualobligations)ofthese incurred in connection with the exhaustion land, structures, valves, regulators, serv- pipelines. of the natural resource in the course of ices, and measuring devices, including the service. mains for transportation of gas from pro- CURTAILMENT GUIDELINES. Policies of duction plants or points of receipt located Federal and State regulatory agencies con . DESIGN, DAY. A 24-hour period of the within such a distribution area to other cerningthe way a curtailmentofgas greates,t theoretical gas demand, used as pointstherein.The distribution system service will be implemented by pipelines a basis for designing gas purchase con . owned by companies having no transmis- and/or distribution companies. The two tracts, and/or production facilities, and/ sion facilities connected to such distribu- basic approaches are (1) pro rata, aflat or delivery capacity. tion systems begin at the inlet side of the' 6.3 distribution system equipment that meters EXCHANGE GAS. Gas thatisreceived way that the final vapor is .n equilibrium or regulates the entrance of gas into the from (or delivered to) another partyin with the final liquid. distribution system and ends with and in. exchange for gas delivered t ir received FLASH POINT.The temperature at which dudes wopeity ari the consunler's preni from) such other pas.t.y".'"' a liquid gives off a vapor sufficient to form ises.f or companies that own both trans EXEMPTION. The release from the obli- an ignitable mixture with the air near the mission anddistributionfacilitiesona gation to comply with any part or parts, or surface of the liquid. continuousline,the dictribution system any subpart, of FEA regulations. (FEA) FORMALDEHYDE (HCHO). A readily pol- begins at the outlet side of the equipment EXPLOSIVE LIMITS. Thelowest(lower yme.izable gas that has a strong, pungent that meters or regulates the entrance of limit) and highest (upper limit) concentra- odor and is soluble in water arid alcohol, gas into the distribution system and ends tion of a specific gas or vapor in mixture derived from the oxidationof synthetic withnit includes property on the con- with air that can be ignited at ordinary methanol or lowboiling petroleum gases, sinner's premises. The distribution system temperuture and p,essure of the mixture. such as propane and butane. Itis used in does not include storage land, structures, Also called combustible limits or flamma- making resins; ethylene glycol; fertilizers; or equipment. (FPC) ble limits. dyes, medicine (disinfectant, germicide); DRILLING-MUD WEIGHTING MATERIALS. embalming fluids; preservatives; hardening Class name for materials added tc EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION.A variety of agent; reducing agents. mud to control gas, oil, water. formation distillation that always involves the use of a fractionmg column,. and is characterized FRACTION. Anyportionofa mixture pressures and to aid in maintaining walls characterized by closely similar properties. of the open hole. by a purposely added substance that mod- ifies the vaporization characteristics of the The most important fractions of petroleum DRY NATURAL GAS.See GAS, NATURAL. materials unde:going separation, to make are naphtha, gasoline, fueloil, kerosene, DULY AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE. A them easier to separate. and tarry or waxy residues. These are obtained by fractional distillation. person designated to appear before the FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION FEA or a State office in connection with a (FEA), An agency of the United States FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION. Distillation proceedir g on behalf of a person inter. Government created by the Federal Energy in which rectificationis used to obtain a ested in or aggrieved by that proceeding. Administration Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-275) product as nearly pure as possible. A part Such appearance may consist of the sub- and includes the FEA National Office and of the vapor is condensed and the result- missionofapplications,petitions, re- Regional Offices. ing liquid contacted with more vapor, usu- quests,statements memoranda oflaw, ally in a column with plates or packing. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION(FPC). othe i. documents, or of a personal appear- An agency of the United States Govern- FRACTURING, HYDRAULIC.A method of ance, verbal communication, or any other inducing flow in oil wells by injecting water participation in the proceedings. (FEA) ment that has jurisdiction over the natural gas companies and producers that sell or or brine under pressure into the oil-bear- ELIGIBLE PRODUCTS. Residualfueloil, transport gas for resale in interstate coming strata. The viscosity of the water is No. 2 heating oil and No. 2.D diesel fuel merce. With respect to the gas industry, often increased by adding gelling agents imported mto the United States. except the generalregulatory principles of the such as guar gum, cellulose derivatives, that importr- into United States customs FPC are defined in the Natural Gas Act, or polyacrylamides. territory hom United States possessions, as amended. FUEL OIL.Any liquid petroleum product territories or foreign trade zones shall not burned in a furnace for the generation of be considered eligible products. (FEA) FEEDSTOCK, COKER.Sel COKER FEED- STOCK. heat, or used in an engine for the genera- EMERGENCY SERVICES. Law enforce. tion of power, except oils having a flash ment, firefighting, and emergency medi- FEEDSTOCK GAS. Natural gas used as point below 100`F. and oils burned in cot- cal services.. raw material for its chemical properties in ton or woolwick burners. The oil may be creating an end product, including atmos- ENRICHING. Increasing the heat content a distillated fraction of petroleum, a resi- pheric generz"..ion for those customers who duum from a refinery operation, a crude of a gas by mixing with it a gas of higher have contracted for service under specific Btu content. An example is CARBURETED petrolaurn, or a blend of two or mo e of rate schedulas applicable only to this class these. Because fueloils are used with WATER GAS. ofservice.!,Seealso PETROCHEMICALS ESSENTIAL HUMAN NEEDS. Hospitals, burners of various types and capacities, as well as associated articles.) different' grades are required.(See also nursing homes, orphanages, prisons, san . FIELD PRICE.The price paid for natural itoriums; gas used for water and sewage NO. 1 DIESEL FUEL; NO. 1 HEATING OIL; gas at the wellhead or outlet of a central NO. 2 DIESEL FUEL; NO. 2 HEATING OIL; treatment, and boarding schools, where gathering pc;:i-it in a field. gas volumes. are used for residential pur. NO. 4 DIESEL FUEL; NO. 4 HEATING OIL; poseS, for those customers who have eon, FIRM REQUIREMENTS. Volumes of gas BUNKER FLIFLS; DISTILLATE FUEL OIL; GAS, LIQUEF:ED PETROLEUM; OIL, GAS; tr actedfarserviceunderspecificrate that make up the contractual obligations schedules applicable only to this class of of interstate pipelines for sale to direct MIDDLE DISTILLATE;OIL, HEAVY;OIL, customer-. (FPC) consumers aid to gas utilities for resale. LIGHT; and RESIDUAL FUEL OILS.) These requirements are determined from FURNACE BLACK. See CARBON BLACK. ETHANE (C2H6).A colorless,odorless, an historical base period, usually between flammable hydrocarbongas,derived by 1968 and 1973 andare adjusted each GALLON. A unit of liquid measure. The fractionation of natural gas and used for year for load .growth. U.S. gallon contains 231 cubic inches or organic synthesis, as arefrigerant, and FIRM SERVICE. Services from schedules 8.3359 pounds avoirdupoisofdistilled fuel. or contracts under which the seller is ex- water atits maximum density and with ETHANOL (C21-160H), Ethyl alcohol. pressly obligatedto deliver specific vol- the barometer at 30 inches. umes within a giventimeperiodand GAS, CASINGHEAD. A v...ry volatile gas ex- ETHYLENE (C21-14). A colorless, extremely whichanticipates no interruptions,but tracted from the "wet" natural gas accom- flammable gas with a rather sweet odorwhich may permit unexpected interruption panying oil as it conies from the well. The and taste. Ethyleneisderived from the in case the supply to higher priority cus- chief components are the low.boiling liq- torners is threatened. (FPC) thermal cracking ofpetroleum(refinery uid hydrocarbons, such as penta, and offgases) and constituents of natural gas FLARING.The burning of natural 7.as for hexane, together With smaller amounts of (propane, ethane, butane, and naphtha). the purpose of safe disposal. lower. and higher-hailing components. Itis used inraking ethyl alcohol, ethyl- FLASH BACK: The burning of gas in the ene glycols, polystyrene, polyethylene, po- mixing chamber of a burner, or in a pip- GAS, FLUE. The gases from the fire (be- lyester resins. etc.; refrigerants: cryogenic ing system, usually due to an excess of fore the draft hood or draft regulator) or research;agricultural chemistry; welding primary air or too low a velocity of the the products of combustion and excess and cutting of metals; and anesthetics. combustible mixtures through the burner air consisting principally of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. EXCEPTION. A waiver or modification of port. the requirements of a regulation, ruling, FLASH DISTILLATION. Distillation in GAS HYDRATE, A clathrate compound, or generally applicable requirement under which an appreciable proportion of a liquid crystallinesolids insoluble in water, a specific set of facts. (FEA) is quickly converted to vapor in such a formed by a gas and water. The best

6.4

I ki 8 Known gas nyarates are Mose ot ethane, containing such amounts of compounds age or a producing natural gas field and ethylene, propane, and isobutane. of sulfur as to make itimpractical to insertedintothepipelinetransmission GAS, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM (LPG), A use, without purifying, because ofits system for distribution. colorless, 'noncorrosive,nontoxic,corn- corrosive effect on piping and equip. HEAT, LATENT.Change in heat content pressed or liquefied hydrocarbo.1 gas ob ment of a substance when its physical state is tained as a by-product in petroleum refin SWEET,Gas found in its natural state, changed without a change in temperature. ingornatural gasolinemanufacturing. containig such small amounts of sulfur HEATING VALUE. The amount of heat LPG usually consists of pure propane or a compounds that it can be used without 50.50 mixture of propane and butane con- produced by complete combustion of a purifying or "sweetening," with no dele. unit quantity of fuel. taining both normal and isobutanes, It is terious effect on piping and equipment. HOLDER, GAS.A gas-tight receptac:e used as a domestic and industrialfuel; WET. Unprocessed natural ;'.as or r automotivefuel;welding,brazing,and container in which gas is stored for fu- tially processed natiii ture use. metal cutting. a comparatively GAS, MANUFACTURED. A gas obtained heavier gases HYDROCARBON. An organic compound' by destructive distillationof coal, or by is subject to containing only elements 0-4 hydrogen carbon. The simplest and lightest the thermo decomposition of oil, or by the as specified 1, situtes, ofhydrocarbonare gaseous,hi._ reaction of steam passing through a bed GAS OIL. A liquid distillate ofheatedcoalor coke: Examples are greater molecular weight are liquids, and with viscosity and boiling range between those of even greater weight are solids. COAL GAS orcoke ovengases, PRO- kerosene and lubricating oil.Itis used in DUCER GAS, BLAST FURNACE GAS, Hydrocarbons are derived principally from absorption oil; the manufacture of ethyl- petroleum, coal tar, and vegetable sources. "blue" WATER GAS, CARBURETED WATER ene: and the production of OIL GAS. GAS. The Btu content varies widely. HYDROCARBON, LIQUID.A .gasliquid GAS, OIL.See OIL GAS. that GAS, MIXED.See MIXED GAS. is one of a group of hydrocarbon GAS PROCESSING PLANT. A facility that products derived from natural gas or pe GAS, NATURAL. A natu rallyoccu rri ng recoversethane,propane,butane,and' troleum (ethane, propane, iso and normal mixture of the low molecular weight paraf- other natural gas products by a process butane, and natural gasoline.) Light hy- finseries hydrocarbons METHANE, ETH ofabsorption,adsorption, compression, drocarbons are produced largely in south- ANE, PROPANE, and BUTANE, with small refrigeration cycling, or a combination of west Texas and Louisiana and are used as amount; of higher hydroCarbons, and fre such processes, from mixtures of hydro. feedstocks for a variety of organics. (See quently small or large proportions of nitro- carbons that existed in a reservoir. (FEA) also GAS,. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM.) gen,carbondioxide,hydrogensulfide, GAS, SENDOUT. See SENDOUT GAS. HyDROFINING. A arid,occasionally,smallproportionsof petroleumrefinino processinwhicha helium.Methaneisalmost always the GAG STATION. A location at which gas limited amount of major constituent. The exact composition changes ownership, from one party to an . hydrogenation convertsthesulfurand of natural gas varies with the locals. tts other,neither of whom isthe ultimate nitrogen in a petroleum fraction to forms heating value is usually over 1000 Btu per consumer. Also referred to as a city gate in which they can be easily removed: Dc. sulfurization, cubic foot, unless nitrogen or carbon diox- Aation, town border station. ultrafining, andcatfining ide are important components of the gas. GAS, SUBSTITUTE NATURAL (SNG). The have a similar meaning. ASSOCIATED. Free natural gas in im- conversion of other gases, liquids, or solid HYDROFORMING. The use of hydrogen mediate contact with, but not in solu hydrocarbons to a gaseous fuel of calorific inthe presence of heat,pressure, and bon with, crude oil in the reservoir. value,heatcontent,compatibility,and catalysts(usuallyplatinum)toconvert petroleum hydrocarbons to molecular DISSOLVED. Natural gas in solution in quality equivalent in performance to that crude oil in the reservoir. of domestic natural gas. structures giving high.octane gasoline for GAS, SUPPLEMENTAL. Gas from sources automobiles ano airplanes. DRY.(I) Gas whose water content has HYDROGEN. The lightest chemical ele been reduced by a dehydration process, other than flowing or stored natural gas deliveredby interstatepipelines. These rnent which as a gas is very slightly solu (2) Gas containing little or no hydro- ble in water, alcohol, and ether, which is carbons commercially recoverable as a sources include imported liquefied natural gas (LNG), synthetic natural gas, derived nontoxic and noncorrosive.Itis used in liquidproduct.(3) Gas containinga from liquid hydrocarbons, substitute nat . producing synthetic ammonia and syn. very high proportion of lighter hydro. thetic methanol; refining petroleum; by- carbons isalso referred to as "dry" ural gas (SNO), and propane-air mixture drogenation oforganicmaterials;are gas, e.f., natural gas containing 90 per- injected into the gas utility delivery sys- tern. ducing agent for organic synthesis and cent or more of methane. metallic ores; as oxyhydrogen flame for LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). Nat- GAS, SYNTHETIC NATURAL, See SYN. THETIC NATURAL GAS PLANT. high temperatures: atomichydrogen weld uralgas cooled .and compressedto ing; making hydrochloric and hydrobrbmic --259°F. so it forms a liquid at approxi GAS TRANSPORTED FOR OTHERS. That acids; and the production of high purity mately atmospheric pressure. As natural volume of gas owned by another company metals. gas becomes liquidit reduces volume received into and transported through any part of the transmission system under a HYDROGENATION, The chemical combi. nearly 600 fold, thus allowing both eco- nationofhydrogenwithanothersub. nomiGalstorage transportation tariff. andlongdistance stance,usuallyas unsaturatedorganic transportation economically feasible. GAS, VENT.Products of combustion from compound, by means of heat, pressure, Natural gas in its liquid state must be gas appliances plus excess air plus dilu and catalysts,Itiswidely usedirrthe regasified and introduced to the con- bon air in the gas vent or chimney above edible oil and petroleum industries. sooner at the same pressure as other the draft hood or draft regulator. natural gas. The cooling princess does GAS, WOOD.Gas produced during the ILLUMINANTS, Hydrocarbons other than not alter the gas chemically and the prodtiction of charcoal by heating wood in methane present in carbureted water gas regasified LNG is indistinguishable from the absence of air, usually used as a fuel andsimilargases.Itincludesmainly other natural gases of the same compo- at the production site. thylene and the lower olefin and aromatic sition. GASIFICATION. Any of several methods hydrocarbons,aswellasethane and LIQUID HYDROCARBONS. Mixtures for producing hydrocarbon gases from hi. higher paraffin hydrocarbons, and usually that are gasemis at reservoir tempera tumorous coal orligniteincommercial any acetylene, diolefins, or other hydro tures and pressures, hut are recover- quantities, carbons solubleInfuming sulfuric acid ableby as usedin absorption gasanalysis pro. condensationorabsorption. GASOLINE. Natural gasoline and liquefiedpetro A hydrocarbon fuel produced cedures, leunn gases fall in this category. by cracking or breaking down the larger, heavier, and more complex hydrocarbon IMPORTER.Any firm (exciudIng the De NONASSOCIATED, Freenaturalgas molecules in petroleum into simpler andpartment of Defense) that owns at the not in contact with, nor dissolved in, lighter molecules. crude oil in the reservoir, first place of storage any allocated prod' GATHERING STATION, A place where gas uct or crude oil brought into the United SOUR, Gas found in its natural state, is gathered from underground gas stor. States, (FEA) 6,5 109 INDEPENDENT. In the cul industry, usu- other than the owner or operator of such specialnaphtha,petroleumchemicals, ally refers to a nonintegrated prodt:cmg afacility. especiallyethylene(thelatterinturn company, the independent producer has METER RATES. See RATES, METER. producing propylene, butadiene, pyrolysis u;,erations only in the fieldc,f petroleum gasoline, and fuel oil). (2) Any of several production, as a rule. METHANE (CH4). Thefirst member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons (also flammable,volatileliquids produced by INDUSTRIAL USE. Usage by those firms known as "marsh gas" and methyl hy- distillationof coaltar, wood, coal, and primarilyengagediii ,1 processwhich other carbonaceous materials. drYde); a colorless,odorless,tasteless, creates or changes raw or unfinished ma and flammable gas. Pur'e methane has a NATURAL GAS,See GAS, NATURAL. tiriiri, into another form Or product. (See heating value of 1010 Btu per cubic footNATURAL GAS ACT OF 1938, A Federal ako CLASS Of. SERVICE.) and liquefies at 259°F. It is the lightestlaw giving the FeJeral Power Commission INTEGRATED COMPANY. A company and the chief constituent of natural gasjurisdictionover companies engagedin ,illich obtains a significant portion of its and of marsh gas; a major component ofinterstatesale or transportationofnat- gas operating revenues from the opera coal gas; and is present to sonic extent ural gas. tvinsof With a retailgasdistribution in coal 'nines. sotern arid gas transmission system. An NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS.See GAS, NAT. Methane isused as a source ofpetro- URAL. -nteg-ated company usually operates pro chemicals by converst: hyd dur.tion, transportation, refining, and mar NATURAL GASOLINE. SeeGASOLINE, carbon moncmde by steam or NATURAL. kering facilities. partial oxidation. NEOPENTANE (C5I-1,2) or(C(CH3)4). A INTERRUPTIBLE CUSTOMERS. Those Important products are meth., acety purchasers receiving an allocated product hydrocarbon present in small amounts in lene, hydrogen cyanide. Chlorination gives naturalgas.Itcantakethe formof pursuant to a contract that can be abro carbontetrachloride, chloroform, methy. gated unilaterally by the supplier. either a colorless gas or a very volatile lene ,'.loride, and methyl chloride. In theliquid which is soluble in alcohol but not INTERRUPTIBLE NATURAL GAS. Vol- form natural gas, methane is used asin water. Neopentane is used inn research umes of gas sold to some ultimate cus afuel andisalsoa source of carban and butyl rubber. tanners under a contract that allows the black, NEW GAS.Gas being made available for supplier to cutoff the supply whenever METHANOL (CH3OH). A clear, colorless, the demand of the nommterruptible cus the first time by a contract of purchase volatile, flammable, poisonous liquid (also and sale. torners exceeds a certain value (usually known as methyl alcohol and "wood al- NON-ASSOCIATED NATURAL GAS. as a result of severe cold weather). cohol"),solubleinwater,alcohol, and See GAS, NATURAL. ISOPENTANE ((CH1)2CHCH1CH3). A col. ether.Itis produced from (1) high pres. (mess, highly flammable, pleasant smell. sure catalytic synthesis from carbon moNONBRANDED INDEPENDENT MARKET- log Hind, snluhlein hydrocarbons, oils noxide andhydrogen,orfromcarbon ER. A firm engaged in the marketing or and ether, but not in water. Isopentane. dioxide and hydrogen; (2)partial oxida.distributionofrefilledpetroleumprod- Irtoduced hy TRACTIONAL DISTILLATION tion of natural gas hydrocarbons; and (3) ucts, wino is (1) not a refiner, (2) not a from petroleum and purified by rectifica purificationof the pyroligneous acid refirm that controls, is controlled by,is un tion,is uteri in solvents; the manufacture suiting from the destructive distillation ofder common control with, or is affiliated of chlomated derivatives; and as a hlow wood. Meth-anolis used in organic syn.with a rener (other than by means of a trh!);.!(.-itfor polystyrene. thesis;automobile antifreeze;formaldesupply contract), and (3) not a branded LICENSEE.Any person, or State, licensed hyde production: denaturing ethylalcoindependent marketer, (FEA) under provisions of the Federal Power hol; general solvents, paint rEmo4ers andNO. 1 DIESEL FUEL. Diesel fuel grade Act and mihject to the commission's iic varnishes; polishing and cleaning prepa. No.1 as defined in the American Society rounting requirements underthe terms rations; a dehydrator for natural gas; andfor T,esting and Materials (ASTM) D975. of the Iconse (FPC) fuel compositions used for heating and 71. LINE PACK, GAS DELIVEREDFROM. NO. 1. HEATING OIL. Heating-oil grade That volume of gas delivered to the mar MIDDLE DISTILLATE.Any derivatives of No. 1as defined in the American Society kets, supplied by the net change in pres petroleum, including kerosene: home heat. for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D396. soreintheregularsystemofmains, mg oil,rangeoil,stoveoil,and diesel 71. t ansinission, and/or distribution. For ex fuel, with a 50 percent boiling point in NO. 2 DIESEL FUEL. Diesel fuel grade ample, the change in Um content of a the ASTM 086 standard distillationtest No. 2 as defined in the American Society pipeline brought ahout hy the deviation falling between 371° and 700F. Prod. for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D975. horn steady flow condition. ucts specifically excluded from this defi- 71. nitionare LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). See kerosenebasearidnaphtha NO, 2 HEATING OIL. Heating oil grade GAS. NATURAL. base jetfuel, heavy fuel oils as defined No. 2 as defined 111the American Society nil VV-F8150 or ASTM D 396, grades LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG). See for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D396. 5.and 6,intermediatefueloils (which GAS,l IQUETIED PETROLEUM 71. are hlends containing 6 od). andall NO. 4 DIESEL FUEL. LIQUIDS, NATURAL. See NATURAL GAS. specialty items such assolvents, Diesel fuel grade lubre No. 4 as defined in the American Society LOAD. The amount of gas delivered or cants, waxes. and process oil. for Testing and Materials (ASTM 0975. rerirrreditarry specified point or points MINIMUM BILL CLAUSE (MINIMUM 71. an a,vstrini, load originates primarily at CHARGE). A clause inar,tte schedule rue , 011,0111111;v(inp pinion tof the cus. thud provides that the charge fora pre. NO. 4 HEATING OIL.Heating oil grade t uneis;Vs.,. to load .1 governor is to set scribed period shallnot be less than a No. 4 as defined in the American Society the g.vernor to maintain a given pressure specified a MOUnt for Testmg and Materials (ASTM) 0396. 71. as the 'Ite of gas flow throlulh the goy, MIXED GAS. A i-tasin which manufac nclr vIrre5. hired gas is commingled with natural or NONFIRM GAS.Gas that is not required LOAD FACTOR. The ratio of the ,iverage liquefied petroleum gas ( eseept Where the to be delivered nor required to he taken remorement to the manorum H.,,wirement thltl11,11 or lirlootied oetroleurh r?:rsis used under the terms of a gas purchase con- !or the ,On., tni r?prrHo,f, lrre day, or only forenri,:lung orreforming) in such tract. tine111)117. marine, that the resulting product has ODORANT. A substanCe withadistinc. LP GASAIR MIXTURE. I ninehedpe a Wu value higher than that previously live,sometimes unpleasant,(Motdela) troleumgasesdistrihutrid lut relatively prailuced Insthetrtnitt priortun the tone erately.added to essentially Odorless ma lowPressuresand normal,Itmospheric ofthe intrMuctian ofnaturalorInoue fermis to provide warning oftheirpros. tennerattireswhichhave beendiluted tied petroleum gas (PICO,I OnOX.1111p10, rnercordir dem/dives Wth In to produce desired heating value NAPHTHA.(I) A flammohle, volatile, oily may be added tanattnal,tasforthis and utai,tation characteristics. Hind producedtiyfractionaldistillation pur pose. MERCHANT STORAGE FACILITY,Any fa. nt petroieurn, used as a source (lw va, OFFPEAK SERVICE,Service made avad tO ,0010 propane tor firms f WM', ii ii kirint 111,10--0-0,,1 ofgasoline, aide on special schedulesricontracts on

6.6 a him hasis but only for a specified gart example, the cracking of petroleum pro- toprevent physical harm totheplant of the year dunag the uff,peak season. duces ethylene, which, in turn, converts to facilitiesor danger toplantpersonnel. OIL BLACK. A carbon black made from ethylene glycol, atypical petrochemical. This includes the protection of such ma- usuall/ an aromanctype petrolewn The termisappliedalsotochemicals terialand equipment that would other- oil. (See also CARF3ON fit ACK.) produced from other sources as well as wise be damaged, but does not include from petroleum. (Ammonia is referred to sufficient quantities of propane required OIL GAS. A gas, composed mainly of as a petrochemical, because the hydroren tomaintainplantproduction.Propane volatile hydrocarbons and hydrogen. re may not be considered plant protection suiting fromthe thermal detomposition used to fomi the ammonia is a product of petroleum refining. Thus synthetic fer- fuelif an alternate fuelisavailable and of petroleum oils ranging from naphtha tilizers are considered to be petrochemi- technically feasible for substitution. (FEA) to heavy residuum higracarbon cals. Another example is butadiene, which PRESSURE, ABSOLUTE (PSIA). Pressure OIL, GAS.See GAS OIL. is made from a variety of other sources above that of a perfect vacuum. Itis the OIL, HEAVY. Heavy, thick, and viscous. as well as petroleum.) At least 175 sub- sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric usually refinery residuals commonly stances are designated as petrochemicals pressure. specified os wades 5.6, and Bunker C: including many paraffins, olefin, napthene, PRIMARY AIR. Airthatismixed with OIL, LIGHT.A fractional distillate, gener- and aromatichydrocarbons(methane, fuel before the mix reaches the ignition ally includay, all 'oils lighter than residual propane,.ethylene,propylene,butanes, zone to entrance combustion. fuel oils No. 5 and No.. 6. Light oils are cyclohexani, ..ene,toluene,naptha- !enc..et, 'heirderivatives,even PRIME SUPPLIER. The supplier or pro- usedasa sourceofbenzene,solvent ducer who makes thefirstsaleof any naptbas. toluene phenol, and cresols. thour. rnmercial production 11 so, :Her than petroleum. allocated product subject to the State set- OLD GAS. Gas already made available aside into the State distribution system hy an existing purchase and sale contract. PETROU, ...EDSTOCK USE. Use for consumption within the state. of crude oil,r(..dual fuel oil, and refined ORDER. A writtendirectiveorverbal PRIORITIES-OF-SERVICE CATEGORIES. For petroleum products forprocessingina communication .of if a written directive, petrochemical plant. (FEA) a discussion of the FPC's curtailment of promptly confirmed in writing, issued by service priorities, see 18 CFR, 2,78, theF EA OraState Office, A notice of PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY, Those areas of manufacturing that use raw ma- PROBABLE RESERVES. In mining indus- probable violationisnot an order (see tries other than petroleum the amount of REMEDIAL ORDER). For purposes of this terials extracted wholely or largely from petroleum or natural gas. reserves estimated to be available once definition, a"written directive" shallin- additional development expenditures are clude telegrams,telecopies, and similar PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS. Those indus- incurred. transcriptions. trialplants, regardless ofcapacity,that PROCESSING GAS. process petrochemicalfeedstocksand Natural gas use for . ORIGINAL COST. As appliedtoa gas which alternate fuels are not technically plant, the cost of such prorrty to the obtain at least 30 percent conversion, by feasible, such as inn applications requir- person first devoting d to public service. weight, to petrochemicals or other products that are converted to other petro- ingprecisetemperaturecontrolsand OVERRUN, AUTHORIZED. Gas authorized chemicals, so long as the weight of hy- precise flame characteristics. For the pur- to be taken abovecontractdemand posesofthisdefinition, drocarbon containedinthefinalpetro- propane and volume. chemical is equal to at least 30 percent other gaseous fuels shall not be consid. PAD DISTRICT or DISTRICT.Any of the of the initial petrochemical feedstock fed eredalternatefuels.(See also DIRECT PetroleumAdministratio: for Defense to the plant under consideration. (FEA) FLAME PROCESS GAS.) (FPC) (PAD) Districts. ( FEA) PETRO,MEMICAL PRODUCER. One who PRODUCER. A firm or that part of a firm which produces crude petroleum or nat- PARAFFINS (PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS) manufactures petrochemicals inapetro- (C. H1. The gioup of aliphatic hydro- chemical plant by processing petrochemi- ural gas, or any firm owning crude pe- car hon ,inpoundscharacter izedby a cal feedstock. (FEA) troleum or natural gas whenitispro- straight(:oitionchain.varying within. duced. creasing molecular weight from colorless PETROLEUM. A highly complex mixture ofvarious hydrocarbons,paraffin,nap. PRODUCER GAS. A gas manufactured gases (methane) through waterwhiteli- by blowing or blasting humidified air on quidto waxy, low-melting point, thane, and aromatic hydrocarbons, con solids, taining small amounts of organic sulfur a deep bed of ignited solid fuel, usually They occur principally in Pennsylvania arid arid very small amounts of nitrogen and coalor cake, Thisregulated deficiency Mulcontment petroleum, of air results ina gas with a large per- oxygen compounds, whichexistsasa PARAFFIN DISTILLATE. A, distilledpe. thick, heavy, flammable, dark-brown, un- centageofnitrogen(approximately55 troleumfraction,which,whencooled, pleasant-smellingliquid in theupper percent), which has a low heating value. consists ofa mixture of crystalline wax strata of the earth. The terms "paraffin (See also SYNTHESIS GAS and WATER arid oil. base crude," "naphtha" or "asphalt base GAS.) PEAK DAY. The P.1 hour pemnd of great crude," and "aromatic base crude" indi- PRODUCER-PURCHASER. A producer est gas send out, cate the most prevalent constituents of who purchases or obtains fuel from an PEAK SHAVING. The use offuels and ,crudesfromvariouslocales.(Forex- other producer. equipmenttogenerateormanufacture riMple,ingeneral,Pennsylvania crudes PRODUCER-SUPPLIER. Producer who gasto supplement the normal pipeline arealiphatic, waxbase; FarWestern supplies fuel to another producer. gas supply during periodsof extremely crudes are aromatic, asphalt base; and PROPANE (C3H8). Acolorless,noncor- high demand. Mid.Continentcrudesmixed,base.)The rosivc, nontoxic, highly flammable hydro. most important petroleum fractions, ob- carbon gas, which has a natural gas odor, PENTANE (CH1(CH,)1CH1). A colorless. tainedbycrackingordistillation,are is soluble in ether and alcohol, but only mobile. flammable liquid,solublein hy naphtha of various grades. gasoline, kero- slightly soluble in drocarbons, mls, arid ether, not in water. water, and is derived .Nre,fueloils,gas oil,'ibricatingoils, from petroleum andnaturalgas.Itis Itisproduced byfractionaldistillation and paraffin wax, asphalt, roadoil, and used in organic synthesis; household and from petroleum and purified by rectifica- coke;itisthe source ofliterally thou . tion. As one of the heavier, more highly industrialfuel; manufacture of ethylene: sands of organic compounds, Petroleum extractant;solvent;refrigerant,gasen- condensed,hydrocarbons,itisalready is distrihuted throughout the world, richment; aerosol propellant; mixture for liquid at atmospheric pressure arid has a chieflyintheU.S.(includingAlaska); bubble chambers. higher boiling point than the lighter hy- Canada; Australia; Western USSR (Baku); drocarbons.he.,methane, ethane,pro- the Middle East; North Africa; and Vono. PROPANE, BOTTLED,For FEA definition pane. andbutane. Pentaneisused m zuela. (See also FUEL OIL.) see BOTTLED PROPANE. anesthetics; artificialice making; low tem, PROPANE.BUTANE MIX,A mix contain. perature thermometers: and in solvents, PETROLEUM GAS, LIQUEFIED.See GAS, ing 10 percentor more by weight of LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM. PETROCHEMICALS. Chemical compounds propane. for which petroleum or natural gas has PLANT PROTECTION FUEL. The use of RATE BASE, Tho value established by served as the ultimate raw material. For propane in the minimum volume required a regulatoryauthority,uponwhich a

6.7 1 utilityispermittedtoearn,tspecified rate of flow in the line or the change in facilitiesduringemergencyconditions. rate of return upstream pressure. Sanitation services also include the pro RATES, METER.. The term isapplicable REMEDIAL ORDER.A directive issued by vision of water supply services by public to any method of charge for gas service [EA requiring a person to cease a viola- utilties,whetherprivately or publicly based solely upc,o quantity, such as Mcf tion or to eliminate or to compensate for owned or operated..(FEA) or therms used. the effects of a violation, or both. (FEA) SATURATION, APPLIANCE OR CUSTOM- BLOCK. Indicates that a certain speci REPRESSURING. Forcing gas, under ER. The number of specified appliances, hedpriceperunitis charged torall pressure,intotheoilreservoirinan or usels, divided by the basic unitsor or arty part of c1 block of such units, attempt to increase the recovery of crude totalpotential of the universe involved, and reduced prices per unit are charged oil; also done with water. i.e.,Gas Heating Saturationrelatedto for all or Any part of succeeding blocks RESELLER.A firm (other than a refiner customersinthe total number of cus of such units, each such reduced price orretailer)or that part of such afirm tamers with space heating divided by the per unit ,ipplymg only to a particular which carries on the trade or business total number of customers. 1,luch orportion thereof. ofpurchasing covered products, and re- SCRUBBING. Process for removing one STEP. Indicates thata certain spech selling them without substantially chang- or more components (usually impurities) fled price per unitis charged for the ing their form to purchasers :other than from a mixture of gases and vapors by its entire consumption. the rate or price ultimate consumers. passage upward and usually countercur- depending on the particular step with- RESERVES, ENERGY. The bank of nat- rent to and inintimate contact with a Ai which the total consumption falls. ural resources, such as natural gas, nat streamof descending liquid,thelatter hieing chosen .so as to dissolve the de- STRAIGHT-LINE (FLAT).Indicates that ! gas liquide, petroleum, coal, the price:, charged per 1, energy available from water pow,., sired components and not others. The gas i.e.,does not vary u, or vapor may be broken into fine bubbles . STIMATED POSSIBLE NATURAL 6AS upon entering a tower filled with liquid, increaseofdecrease 1, , amber RESERVES. An estimate of theulti of units. hut more frequently the towerisfilled mate finding of natural gas in a speci- with coke, broken stone or other packing, RECYCLING.The repetition of a particu- fiedarea,whether ornotpresently over which the liquid flows while exposing Lu process; the return of a stream or part considered proved or recoverable. arelativelylarge surfacetothe' rising of a stream to a previous process or lo- ESTIMATED PROVED RECOVERABLE gas or vapor. cation tor additional recovery of the de NATURAL GAS RESERVES. Anesti- sired components. SEASONAL GAS. Gas sold during certain mate ofnatural gas producible from periods of the year. It may be sold either REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCT.Gaso tested 'reservoirs under presenttech- on a firm or an interruptible basis, kerosene, middle distillate (including nology, including gasinunderground No. 2fueloil),LPG, refittedlubricating storage reservoics and gas in those un SECONDARY AIR.The air for combustion oils, or de.:sel fuel. (TEA) drilled portions of proven fields where externally supplied to the flame atthe point of combustion. REFINERIES.Those industrial plants, re, itsproducibilityis considered assured gardless of capacity, processing crude oil by the known field geology. SECONDARY PRODUCTION OR RECOV- ERY. feedstock and manufacturing refined pe RESIDENTIAL USE, Directusagein a Oil and gas obtaini-I by the aug troleum products, except when such plant residentialdwelling or churchor other rrientationof reservoir energy;often i.'e is a petrochemical plant. (LEA) place of worshipfor space heating,rc injection of air, gas, or water into frigeration, ,oduction formation. REFINERY GAS.A irrixtu f hydrocar cooking, water treating, ar bon gases (often toget-er 'h some sill ther rertrnntiaiuses. (See aso CLASS C ,ENDOUT GAS. Totalgasproduced. .rchased(includingexchange gasre fillcompounds) producer large-scale SERVIC. :RESIDENTIAL SERVICE.) (LEA .ipts),ornetwithdrawnfrom unc. cracking and distilling cr, HIaridits RESIDUAL FUEL OILS. Liquid(or, ,ery opera somecases,semi-liquid)productsob ,round storagewithinaspecifiedh. in heavy derivative. junng interval, measured at the point(s) of pro. ,1 tarried as re,..,dues front the distillation o' hi-His and used as as H. raw ma luction and/or purchase, and/or terolforpetrochernica!s glroctane petroleum as distinguished from distillate adjustec!forchangesin gasoline,andorganic s neis ofal. fuel oils. They contain the asphaltic hy- turdge quantity.Itcomprises gas, cohols. drocarbons. Residual oils are also known as asphalturnoil,liquidasphalt,black 'r;inge, deliveries, gas used by cornpon'. RELINING,Essentially a s- oaration proc- oil,fluxoil, petroleum tailings, and resi- and unaccounted-for gas. ess whereby undesirable c rn ponents are SENDOUT, MAXIMUM DAY.The greatrd.7 removed from various tvp,2s of mixtures duum. For allocation purposes LEA classi- fies the following fueloils as "residual autual sendout occurringinaspecifled to give a, concentrated arid purified prod. fuel oils":(1) No. 4, No. 5, and No, 6 24,hour peri:,d. oct.It includes riot only tractional distilla fueloils;(2)- Bunker C;and(3)Navy tion of crude oilto naphtha, low-octane SENDOUT, MINIMUM DAY.The smallest gasoline, kerosene, fuel od, and asphaltic Special Fuel Oil; crude oil, when burned actual total,:iidout occurring in a speci. directly as a fuel: and all other fuel oils fied 24.hour period. residues, but also the pro,,sses involved that have a 50 percent boiling point over 111 thermal arid catalyt,- icking (hydro- SERVICE AREA, Territoryinwhich . 70'Iinthe ASTM D-86 standard dis, nitrT.nefot11111V,et f prndliction utility system is required or has the richt tes See also BYPRODUCTS,) ofhighoctane gasol,ne HY' tosupply gasseivicetoultimatecus. RESIDUALS_ See BY-PRODUCTS (RESID tomerS. (JALS). REFORMED GAS Jimlicable to SERVICE LIFE. The time between the RESINOL.,_ coal-tar distillationfractior st transf..., stitf lifIrtreat- date the gas plaint isin servicein Vrased the term,, appliedto containing . -tenols.Itisthefraction o others and the date ofitsre irement. ,werthermal :darned by soluble'm but insoluble inlight T depreciation is accounted for cn rifo- pyrolysis and T.!7e,irr- -oositton of petroleum, ,litained try solvent extraction duction basis rather than on a time basis. of low temperature tars the.mal vo.U0 ga-- Itas nat- or similar ma then servicelife should be mea.:ared inn ural gas oroilrefinerv The steam terials. terms of the appropriate unit ot produc mininutescarbonloss possesses RULING. Anofficialinterpretivestate- bon. (FPC) other advantages. Carbu, water gas ment ofgeneralapplicability issuedby SERVICE VALUE.The difference between apparatusisoftenused r reforming the TEA General Counsel and publuslied original cost and net salvage value of a natural gas and oil gas. inthe Federal Register that applied the gas plant, (FPC) REFORMING. A chemical process using LEA regulations to a specific set of cir SHORTFALL, The actual deficiency in the heattobreak down asubstanceunto cumstances. supply of natural gas resulting from a cur desired components.. SANITATION SERVICES. The collection tailrnent. The shortfall is computed from REGULATOR, PRESSURE. A device that and disposalfor the generalpublicof the current actual demand by the end maintains the pressure in a fluid flow line, solid wastes, whether by public or private users and includes, beyond the conyen . less than its inlet pressure within a con entities, and the maintenance, operation, banaldeliverieshyinterstatepipelines. stant band of pressure, regardless of the and repair of liquid purification and waste theavadahle supplementalsuppliesin 6.8

1 natural gas arid the utilization of alternate tiesalso may be inan-made ornatural TOTAL SUPPLY.The SLIM of a supplier's fuels. Thus the shortfall willin general he caverns. estimated production, mcluding amounts smaller than the administratively deter- received mined curtailment. CURRENT GAS. The total volume of underprocessingagreements. gas in a storage reservoir in excess of imports, purchases, and any reduction in SHRINKAGE, NATURAL GAS.The reduc the cushion gas inventory of an allocated product made hon in volume of wet natural gas due to CUSHION GAS. The total volume of pursuant to10 CFR, 211.22 except as the extraction of some of its constituents, gas to maintain the required rate of otherwise orderedtry['EA. Any existing such as hydrocarbon products, hydrogen delivery during an output cycle. inventory, or production,importation or sulfide. ii.arbon dioxide, nitrogen helium, purchase of an allocated produce used to EXTRANEOUS GAS. That volume of and water vapor. increasethatinventoryconsistentwith gas notindigenoustothe storage theprovisionsof SOUR NATURAL GAS. See GAS, NAT reservoir. 211.22shallnotbe URAL, included in the total supply of that prod- FOREIGN GAS. Extraneous gas. uct. (FEA) SPECIAL PRODUCTS. Gasoline,No.2 heating oil, and No. 2-0 diesel fuel. (ETA) NATIVE GAS.The total volume of gas TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. The land, indigenous to the storage reservoir at STATE OFFICE. structures. mains, valves, meters, boost- A State Office of Petro the time the gas storage started. eis.regulators, tanks. compressors. and leum Allocation certified by the TEA. (FEA) NON-CURRENT GAS. That part of the their driving units and appurtenances, and STATE SET-ASIDE. Withrespectto a gas inunderground storage the cost other equipment used primarily for trans- particular prime supplier, the amount of ofwhichisincludedintheUtility nutting gas from a production plant, de- dri allocated product !node available from Plant. This accounting figure may riot livery point of purchased gas. gathering the total supply of a prime suppliedpur be the same as Cushion Gas, one rea- system, storage area. or other wholesale suant to10 CFR, 211.17 forutilization hy a son) for the diffoience being that some source of gas, to one or more distribution Statetoresolve emergencies and areas. The transmission system begins at hardships due of the ru,., Gas may not be capi- tofuelshortages.The talized the outlet side of the valve at the con- State set-aside amount fora particular STOREC, GAS. See EXTRANEOUS GAS nection to the last equipment in a manu- month and State is calculated by multi facto:mg gasplant,the cOnnectionto plying theState above, set-asidepercentage gathering linesto delivery pointofpur- level by the prime supplier's estimated TOP GAS. See Current Gas above. chased gas, and includes the equipment portion of its total supply for that month TURNOVER GAS. The total volume of which at such connection that is used to bring he sold into that State's dis- stored gas available for delivery from the gastotransmissionpressure, and tribution systemfor consumption within a storage reservoir during one output ends at the outlet side of the ..,quipment the State. The initial State set asideper' cycle. which meters or regulates the entry of centoge level for an allocated productis IJLTIMAIE RESERVOIR CAPACITY. The gas into the distribution, system or into spei:ifiedin the appropriate subpart mated vw ofgasthat a storage area.It does not irclude stor 10 Cr R for that product butissulitec- gontained totrorwe tp./ .ir underground age land, structures or equipment. Pipe- the TEA. (f EA) gseryou- whe-itis developed line companies, including those compan- STORAGE, BURIED PIPE.A system c7 to -laxiniumpressurepermitted ieswhich measure deliveries of gas to storage in especi.:,y designed high prer. eological coc-rguration of the then own distribution systeg7,.shallin- SUP! pipe sections or bottles capable of clude city gate and main : industrial storing natural gas at pressures near or GAS, See CURRENT GAS meosuring and regulating stat ,Tr,nsin the equip t.the pressure of maximum super tra-smission function. (FPC) compressibility UTILITY. Not storageinordinary 3-7-7 A facility that gene,ates elec steel plie. GAS UTILITY.A company that tricIty, by any means, and sells .- motorportionofits it to the total (FEA).(See STORAGE CAPACITY, PREVAILING. The ,,,gventrefrgangris also COMBINATION operations. LP1IIIlcTI)LilTY estimated total . and STRAIGHT GAS UTILITY.) Iwire of gas to be con .1, L.OMBINATION UTILITYand tamed in an in ,a,Jound storagereser VENTING. Alsoreferredtoas"blow- voir which exe o pressure from 0 ,i-nign down.- (1) Clearing gas from a pipeline gas pressure the rnaximumgas pros SUBSPIJTE.NATURAL GAS (SNG). 'See by blowing itinto the atmosphere. (2) A OAS. s;TITUTE NATURAL (SNG). sure anticip.o- rthe present state of pipeor valve used to vent gas to the development. P... includes all gas of the E1.-.1kENTAL GAS. See GAS, SUP- atmosphere (3) A procedure whereby gas following C.L1-,'f.aatiolls Cushion gar. pressure is reduced intentionally in a sec- both native hi .11,71 and foreign,recover ',WEFT 'NATURAL GAS. See GAS, NAT- tion of the line by venting.Itis accom- ahleand non recoverable.and current plishedbytheopeningofvalves and gas :-.:417NTliAES6 GAS. Arvi mixture of carbon e fittingsprovidedineachblock assembly, STORAGE CAPACITY,ULTIMATE. See '- and hydrogen, usually intended STORAGE, UNDERGROUND: UL TIMATE forcatalytic conversionto v,r-TER GAS.A fuel gas, an,onown as NESE NVOIR CAPAC I FY. hydrocarbons, alcohols, or gas" or "blue waterIta!, made STORAGE, LOCAL. The storage facilities. oounds. The hydrogen and car- :omposing steam by passg.g it over other than undergroundstorage, that are IT ode may he in various propor- ot incandescent colr.e.or by high , production maytie tin ature reaction of steam withfiat- an integral part of ,1 disttibution system. by high , p ye the distribution side of the city 0 action of steam on carbon to, ,:asorsimilarhydrocat bons. The ter- "Nue water gas" is used to denote gate,Mietherformanufactured,nit sect, gas, bypartialcxidationof natural,liquefied petroleum, or liquefied s, or by other processes. (See tha- type of water gas used unt,,,r certain natmal gas. l GAS.) nihThal conditions and as a diluent for pea- load demands on naturalgas,oil STORAGE MAINS.Those mains used pm. SYNTH i. NATURAL GAS PLANT. A ,ucingsynt--t natural gas gas orcoalgasdistributingsystems. manly for iniection and withdrawal of gas Since this gasislow in to and from underground storage. ts hom the rgs!,lufacture, con treating value igfo7mmg of petroleum hydro- (about 300 Btu per cubic foot) and burns STORAGE, UNDERGROUND.The utiliza IA which ma., with a non-lummous flame, itis enriched he easily sub forordinary city gas purposes with himotsubsurfacefacilitiesfor storing r,t or interchari,-1 with pipeline oil gas and is then known,us CARBURETED gas thathas hCVII transferred fromits I . aral gas. original location for the primary purposes WATER GAS, ofhod balancing,fullerutilizationof TARIFC A publishedvolumeofrate WELLHEAD. Thenissemblyoffittings, pipeline faCilitie,, and more effectior and s,,Orlef altom I"S ;Ind conidi valves, arid controls located at the surface economic delivery to marketsThe tacit, inwhich product orservice and connected to the flow Imes, tubing, hes ate usually natural geolo/Lical to. .nplord. and casing of the well m order to control thTioted ollOfVlo, cd heatin,., value equal to the flow from the reservoir, tit 'Aniton h-nirtinI sonik i,,e;ilod on olOrP,.11in Is (MU). WET NATURAL GAS.See GAS,, NATURAL. hy l" ACK.See ts.--r.VINtl. RLArK. WOOD GAS. See GAS, WOOD. f",.9

1 1 3