Global Diversities

Global Diversities Series Editors Steven Vertovec Department of Socio-Cultural Diversity Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity Göttingen, Germany Peter van der Veer Department for Religious Diversity Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity Göttingen, Germany Ayelet Shachar Department of Ethics, Law, and Politics Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity Göttingen, Germany Over the past decade, the concept of ‘diversity’ has gained a leading place in academic thought, business practice, politics and public policy across the world. However, local conditions and meanings of ‘diversity’ are highly dissimilar and changing. For these reasons, deeper and more com- parative understandings of pertinent concepts, processes and phenomena are in great demand. Tis series will examine multiple forms and con- fgurations of diversity, how these have been conceived, imagined, and represented, how they have been or could be regulated or governed, how diferent processes of inter-ethnic or inter-religious encounter unfold, how conficts arise and how political solutions are negotiated and prac- ticed, and what truly convivial societies might actually look like. By comparatively examining a range of conditions, processes and cases revealing the contemporary meanings and dynamics of ‘diversity’, this series will be a key resource for students and professional social scien- tists. It will represent a landmark within a feld that has become, and will continue to be, one of the foremost topics of global concern throughout the twenty-frst century. Refecting this multi-disciplinary feld, the series will include works from Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology, Law, Geography and Religious Studies. While drawing on an international feld of scholarship, the series will include works by current and former staf members, by visiting fellows and from events of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity. Relevant man- uscripts submitted from outside the Max Planck Institute network will also be considered. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15009 Chris White Editor Protestantism in Xiamen Then and Now Editor Chris White Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity Göttingen, Germany Global Diversities ISBN 978-3-319-89470-6 ISBN 978-3-319-89471-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89471-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018940733 © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2019 Tis work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Te use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Te publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Te publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations. Cover credit: Henry Westheim Photography/Alamy Stock Photo Tis Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG Te registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword 一时与万世一隅与全局 One era and ten thousand generations, one area and the whole situation Dating to February 24, 1842, Xiamen has a Protestant history stretch- ing over 176 years. As the entry point for Protestantism in Fujian, the study of the church in this city is an essential component of the regional history of Protestantism, as well as Chinese Protestant history in general. Te collection of research in this volume includes seven chapters by six authors from the USA, UK, the Netherlands, China and the Philippines. In spite of their diferent academic backgrounds in history, sociology and theology, all the contributors have strong connections to Xiamen. Some of them studied and researched in the city while others worked or were even raised in the city. Tus, this volume truly is an international and interdisciplinary review of Protestantism in a city with an international past and present. Tis is the frst volume I have encountered that broadly frames the past and present of Protestantism in Xiamen. Analyzing a previous era and the contemporary state of Xiamen Protestantism from the spa- tial and temporal perspectives, the chapters here touch on the overall v vi Foreword development of mainstream Protestant Christianity in the city, including mission-afliated activities such as medical and educational endeav- ors. Each chapter can be viewed as an independent case study, including a review of two churches (Xinjie Church and Trinity Church), modern- ization, the YMCA, the infuence of Southeast Asia, Minnan hymns, and the Haicang “voice.” Te introduction acts as a glue connecting these chapters into a coherent whole and provides readers with a frame- work for the whole book. Let me quote Chen Danran 陈澹然 (1859–1930), from his book Wu yan er, qian du jian fan yi 《寤言二迁都建藩议》 to analogize · the characteristics of this present volume: “Tose who do not devise plans for ten thousand generations are not capable of devising plans for one era; those who do not devise plans for the whole situation are not capable of devising plans for one area” (p. 577, Taibei: Wenhai chuban- she, 1968). Here, the “whole situation” is the broad universal impact of 2000 years of Christianity or 500 years of Protestantism. Tis book is a model for the regional historical research of Xiamen Protestantism in “one era” and “one area.” We cannot demand that such a volume cover all aspects of Xiamen Protestantism, but we look forward to further research produced by the editor and other contributors. Te editor of (and contributor to) this volume, Dr. Chris White, graduated from Xiamen University and specializes in research on Minnan Protestantism. He has lived in Xiamen for more than ten years, after living for a time in Northern China. As a “China expert,” he is the most suitable person to coordinate and edit the chapters here, and I am very happy to have provided the foreword for this book. Fuzhou, Fujian Rev. Hao Zhiqiang Vice-President of Fujian Teological Seminary; Secretary-general of the Committee of TSPM of the Protestant Church in Fujian Acknowledgements It has been a pleasure working with each of the authors in this volume and I have gained from their academic contributions as well as their friendship. Jifeng Liu has been particularly helpful in comment- ing on the chapters I have written here. Peter van der Veer, Ken Dean, and Jie Kang have been quite helpful in encouraging this project and making comments on various portions of the volume. Similarly, Mark McLeister has also read many of the chapters and ofered helpful sug- gestions. Chen Haiyin 陈海因 produced the map for the volume and Lin Jiaxin 林嘉欣 provided translation assistance. My thanks to each of these individuals. On behalf of all of the contributors, it is appropriate that I ofer gratitude to the people of Xiamen, especially those in the numerous churches, who have been invaluable in assisting with this research. Tese include those that have been interviewed, those that have shared sources or contacts, or those that have in other ways infuenced, directly or indirectly, the research presented here. Portions of two of the chapters here have been previously published. A part of the frst chapter appeared in the Winter 2010 issue of Stanford Journal of East Asian Afairs under the title Harnessing the Church in vii viii Acknowledgements Today’s China: Te Case of Xiamen’s Xinjie Church. Tough originally written for this present volume, much of Jean Uy Uayan’s chapter was recently published and locally distributed as ‘Could they be Made to See?’: Te Educational Legacy of Xiamen to the Philippines, in Reaching New Territories: Teological Refections, edited by Samson. L. Uytanlet, Tomas R. V. Forster, and Susan Tan (Valenzuela City, Philippines: Biblical Seminary of the Philippines, 2017). I would like to thank both the Center for East Asian Studies at Stanford University and BSOP for permission to republish this material. Finally, I thank my family, Li Dongyan 李东艳, Harrison 白浩恩, and Charity 李颂恩, for their support during the writing and editing of this volume. During the writing of my frst book, Sacred Webs (Brill, 2017), I was blessed with the birth of my son, Harrison. Again, during the latter stages of this project, I celebrated the birth of my daughter, Charity. I dedicate this work to her. Contents 1 Introduction: Xiamen Protestantism Over the Years 1 Chris White 2 Xinjie Church and Christianity as Chinese Cultural Heritage 27 Chris White 3 Christianity, Imperialism and Modernity in Treaty Port Xiamen 49

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