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Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos 0 UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINOS UNIDADE ACADÊMICA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DA COMUNICAÇÃO NÍVEL MESTRADO Rebeca da Cunha Recuero O LUGAR NO ESPAÇO VIRTUAL Um estudo etnográfico sobre as recriações de territórios do mundo concreto no Second Life São Leopoldo 2010 1 Rebeca da Cunha Recuero O LUGAR NO ESPAÇO VIRTUAL Um estudo etnográfico sobre as recriações de territórios do mundo concreto no Second Life Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da UNISINOS como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação. Orientadora: Profª. Drª Suely Fragoso São Leopoldo 2010 2 Rebeca da Cunha Recuero O LUGAR NO ESPAÇO VIRTUAL Um estudo etnográfico sobre as recriações de territórios do mundo concreto no Second Life Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da UNISINOS como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação. Aprovada em 23 de fevereiro de 2010. BANCA EXAMINADORA: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Fischer – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Profª. Drª. Simone Pereira de Sá – Universidade Federal Fluminense Profª. Drª Suely Fragoso – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (orientadora) 3 Dedico este estudo aos meus amigos da rede social Plurk, que, durante todo o processo de construção do meu trabalho, escutaram meus lamentos com atenção, insipiraram-me com ideias geniais e vibraram com as minhas conquistas para a concretização desta pesquisa, sempre respondendo aos meus plurks com palavras carinhosas, smileys incentivadores e boas conversas. :) 4 AGRADECIMENTOS À minha orientadora Suely Fragoso pelos ensinamentos passados, críticas construtivas, debates e correções relacionadas a este trabalho, pelo exemplo de profissional e de competência ímpar e, sobretudo, por acreditar que eu tenho algum potencial. Deixo aqui minha eterna gratidão por não ter tido apenas uma ótima orientadora, mas ter ganhado, também, uma grande amiga. Ao meu marido, companheiro e melhor amigo Luís Frederico Sequeira pela sua compreensão, paciência, carinho e apoio incansável para a construção deste trabalho. Por ele sempre estar ao meu lado, incentivando-me nos estudos e aguentando todos os meus momentos de crises identitárias e ideias caóticas que surgiram durante o processo. À minha irmã Raquel Recuero pelas horas de discussões relacionadas aos assuntos desta dissertação, por escutar as reclamações de uma mestranda “em crise” e por ser a primeira a sempre me estimular no mundo acadêmico dando-me mil ideias criativas para pesquisar. Aos meus pais ( Carlos e Lyl ) por serem exemplares em todos os sentidos e por terem sempre se preocupado com o meu crescimento intelectual, não medindo esforços para que eu pudesse progredir na vida acadêmica e chegasse até aqui. Aos amigos Jully Rodrigues , Natacha Kötz e Fernando Caprio que foram companheiros incansáveis no decorrer do meu mestrado ( offline e online ). Agradeço pelas nossas discussões e dicas relacionadas à minha pesquisa e pela marcante presença durante todo o desenvolvimento do meu trabalho. Aos meus irmãos “malas” ( Lucas, Saulo e Tomás ), que, ao mesmo tempo em que me desvirtuavam do foco da dissertação com a dinâmica bastante “conturbada” da minha casa (casamentos, formaturas, acidentes, etc.), contribuíram para o meu espairecer, ofereceram-me horas de descontração, alegrias e muitas risadas. Aos meus “pequenos” e fieis amigos: Darth Vader (in memorian ), MigMeg , Chewbacca , Web , Tag , Rocky Balboa , Raika , Hulk e Jabba the Hut pela companhia em todas as horas de construção desta dissertação, oferecendo-me sempre um carinho a mais e tirando-me da frente do computador após horas de trabalho para levá-los para passear (momentos em que tive ideias muito construtivas para a minha pesquisa). A CAPES pela bolsa que me foi proporcionada, cuja qual foi fundamental para que eu pudesse realizar o mestrado. Aos professores da UNISINOS que compartilharam seu conhecimento comigo, contribuindo para a construção e para a fundamentação teórica deste trabalho. E, por fim, aos entrevistados do SL que cooperaram de forma especial, sendo cordiais, prestativos e muito dispostos em colaborar com a pesquisa que aqui desenvolvi. 5 Le rêve est une seconde vie (Gerard de Nerval) 6 RESUMO A presente dissertação parte do reconhecimento da existência de representações de espaços do mundo físico em ambientes multiusuário online . Pretendemos identificar e discutir as motivações para a criação desse tipo de representação, bem como os modos como as mesmas são utilizadas e apropriadas por seus criadores e outros usuários. Iniciamos o trabalho com uma discussão teórica para diferenciar e definir três conceitos-chave para o tema da pesquisa: espaço, lugar e território. Nossa conceituação foi construída com base em estudiosos do espaço concreto, nas áreas da comunicação, geografia, sociologia e outras. De posse dos três conceitos, entramos em questões relacionadas à sociabilidade mediada pela internet, com especial atenção ao sentido identitário das relações com o espaço. A seguir, discutimos a associação dos usuários aos grupos sociais, lugares e identidades virtuais, com foco na reprodução de lugares concretos genéricos (como parques, florestas e bairros) e específicos (como cidades e monumentos históricos) no ciberespaço. Após uma revisão de diferentes tipos de ambientes multiusuário online , decidimos realizar o trabalho empírico no mundo virtual mulit-usuário (MUVE) Second Life , da Linden Lab . A escolha se deve à maior liberdade criativa que esse aplicativo propicia, à ausência de uma temática rígida e ao uso de várias linguagens (verbal, sonora e visual). A metodologia escolhida foi a etnografia virtual, que realizamos em 3 ilhas do Second Life: Ilha Brasil (representações de lugares genéricos) , Ilha RJ City (representações de lugares específicos) e Ilha Brasil Curitiba (representações mistas). Os resultados apontam para a existência de uma ligação simbólica de territórios e lugares virtuais com os territórios e lugares concretos, tanto pela sua dinâmica, identidade e apresentação visual, como pelas práticas sociais que neles têm lugar, o que sugere um importante papel da identidade cultural na criação e busca por lugares virtuais que representam lugares do mundo concreto. Palavras chave: Espaço, Lugar, Território, Ciberespaço, Etnografia virtual, Second Life , Representações Espaciais, Práticas Sociais, Identidade Cultural, Sociabilidade Online . 7 ABSTRACT This dissertation’s departing point is the recognition of the existence of representations of the physical world in multi-user online environments. We intended to identify and discuss the motivations behind the creation of this type of representation and the ways in which they are used and appropriated by their creators and other users. We began with a theoretical discussion aiming to differentiate and define three concepts central for the research theme: space, place and territory. To that end, we resorted to previous studies of material space in different areas of knowledge: communication, geography, sociology and others. With these three concepts, we addressed questions related to internet mediated sociability, with special attention to the identity meaning of spatial relations. Followed a discussion of users’ association to social groups, places and virtual identities focusing the reproduction of generic concrete places (such as parks, forests and neighbourhoods) and specific ones (as cities and historical monuments) in cyberspace. After a revision of the different types of multi-user online environments, we decided to locate the empirical investigation in the multi-user virtual world (MUVE) Second Life , by Linden Lab . This choice was due to the higher level of creative freedom provided by this system, to the absence of strict theme and the combined use of text, sound and image in Second Life ’s interface. The chosen methodology was virtual ethnography, which we have performed in 3 Second Life islands: Ilha Brasil (representations of generic places) , Ilha RJ City (representation of specific places) and Ilha Brasil Curitiba (mixed representations). Our results indicate the existence of a symbolic link between virtual and physical territories and places. This link is related to their dynamics, identity and visual presentation as well as to the social practices that happen there. This suggests that cultural identity plays an important role in the creation and search for virtual places which represent physical world places. Keywords: Space, Place, Territory, Cyberspace, Virtual Ethnography, Second Life, Spatial Representations, Social Practices, Cultural Identity, Online Sociability. 8 LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES FIGURA 1: Países da América Latina que mais utilizam a Internet ........................................ 19 FIGURA 2: Informações com a apresentação dos membros do grupo do SL “Ilha da Paz” (imagem adquirida em 12/06/2009). ............................................................................ 76 FIGURA 3: Avatares do SL com identificação do seu nome e grupo (imagem adquirida em 02/03/2009). ................................................................................................................ 77 FIGURA 4: Comunidade do Orkut que se refere à cidade de Pelotas e um membro da comunidade que se identifica, em seu perfil, como sendo morador de Pelotas. ........... 78 FIGURA 5: Copacabana e a sua reprodução no MUVE Second Life .......................................
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