perfect perfect ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained DRAINAGE gh Well drained oderate W oderate W oderate W Very lowVery low Imperfect Poor Very lowVery low W W FERTILITY Low (and saline) Poor Moderate to hi Moderate to high Poor 1000 Low W 890–1150 Low to m 890–1150 Low W 890–1150 Low to m 890–1150890–1150 890–1150 Low890–1150635–1000 W Low890–1150 890–1150 W 1000–15001000–1500 Low Low Im Im 1000–1300 1000–1300 1000–25001500–2000 Low to m Low W lluvium (from Moutere gravels, greywacke, lluvium and marine sediments ultrabasic rocks, Moutere gravels) argillite, sandstone) granite, basic igneous rocks) Alluvium (from granite) quartzite, and basic igneous rocks) quartzite, and basic igneous rocks) limestone, granite) Alluvium (from Moutere gravels) ) MATERIAL RAINFALL (mm) CLASS 2 AREA PARENT ANNUAL Recent) 1 A Recent-YBE) 64 A Recent) 31 Alluvium (from granite) (Gley) 1 RFMA (Gley)RFMA 2 Alluvium (from Moutere gravels) ) BOT (YBE) 2 Key characteristics of the soils Catchment (from Chittenden et al. 1966; New Zealand Soil Bureau 1968) 89d) GRA Appendix 1 Key characteristics of the soils Motueka Catchment (from Chittenden et al. 1966; New Zealand Soil Bureau 1968) UNIT NAME# CLASS* (km Kikiwa zl, rolling phase (34b)(YBE) BOA Atapo st zl (33g) BOT (YBE) 23gravels Moutere from Alluvium 6greywacke) (from Alluvium Kikiwa zl (34b) BOA (YBE) 20 Alluvium from Moutere gravels Motupiko l (33g)Braeburn sl (89d) RFAW( Graham zl (33g SOIL MAPSOILS OF THE FLOODPLAINS AND LOW TERRACES zl and sl (98a) SOIL (Recent) RFW 40limestone, granite, greywacke, (from Alluvium Braeburn cyl ( Dovedale grl (33g)Motukarara zl (92)SOILS OF THE INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH TERRACES RFAW (Recent-YBE)Matariki zl (33g)Gley (Saline GRQ (33g)phase rolling zl, Matariki (YBE) BOA 30Hau st sl (27c)(YBE) BOA Alluvium (from Moutere gravels) BOT (YGE-YBE) 6 Alluvium (from greywacke, argillite, quartzite, granite) 4 0.7 Alluvium (from greywacke, argillite, quartzite, granite) Alluvium (from greywacke, argillite, quartzite, limestone, Riwaka zl (wet phase) (98a)Recent)(Gley GOO Sherry s&sl (98c) 2Tapawera sl (33g) RST ( limestone, granite, greywacke, (from Alluvium RFW (Recent) 13 Alluvium (from greywacke, argillite, sandstone, Wangapeka st sl (99c) RFW (Recent) 11 Alluvium (from greywacke, argillite, quartzite, Appendix 1

114 APPENDICES ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained well drained well drained DRAINAGE to well drained low drained Well oderate Moderately oderate W ery lowdrained Well ery lowdrained Well ery lowdrained Well ery low Moderately ery low Imperfect FERTILITY Moderate to low Moderately Moderate to 2000 Low to m 1150 V 1150 V 890–1000 V 1500–1780 V 1000–1140 M 1150–1270 1150–1270 1150–12701270–1400 Low V W 1300–2500 Low W anite 900 Low Well drained avel from greywacke and gr (from greywacke) 1500 Low W outere gravels lluvium and till (from greywacke and basic igneous rocks)drained well Greywacke till ) MATERIAL RAINFALL (mm) CLASS 2 AREA PARENT ANNUAL YBE) 143 Moutere gravels YBE) 0.9 Moutere gravels BMT (YBE) 4 Granodiorite and diorite (of Separation Point suite) ZXP (YBE) 165gravels Moutere BLA (HCYBE) 2 BLA (HCYBE) 13 Alluvium Appendix 1 Key characteristics of the soils Motueka Catchment (from Chittenden et al. 1966; New Zealand Soil Bureau 1968) Howard zl, cy l and(YBE) BOA 5 A Howard hill (45a, 45aH) (37bH) zl Orinoco Hope hill (45bH) Stanley zl (35cH)Spooner hill (37aH)(YBE) BFA BFA ( 10 Moutere gravels Stanley hill (35cH)Korere hill (45H) BFA (YBE) BOA (YBE) 65 Moutere gravels 194 Moutere gravels UNIT NAME# CLASS* (km Rosedale hill (37H) BFA (YBE) 60 M Katrine sl, zl, st sl (53b) with a humid climate Rosedale zl (37H) BFA ( SOIL MAPSOILS OF THE FANS zl (52a) SOIL SOILS OF THE COASTAL SANDS Tahunanui s s&gr (68c) RST (YBS) 2 Sand and gr SOILS OF THE ROLLING AND HILLY LANDS with a subhumid climate Mapua sl (32) UEM (YGE-YBE) 0.5 Moutere gravels

115 ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained ell drained well drained DRAINAGE low drained Well oderate W oderate W High W High W High W oderate W oderate W ery lowery low Imperfect drained Well ery lowdrained Well ery lowdrained Well ery lowdrained Well ery lowdrained Well FERTILITY Moderate to low Moderately Moderate to 890–1000 M 2000–2500 Low to m 2500–75001500–2500 V V 2000–2500 Low W 1300–20001000–1500 V 2000–4000 V 1000–11402000–2500 M 1300–2000 V 2000–25001270–1520 Low to m Low1000–1150 W 2000–2500 2000–2500 Low W 1000–1500 1500–50001800–3800 Low V W greywacke, argillite, sandstone (Permian – Maitai Group) greywacke, argillite, sandstone (Permian – Maitai Group) greywacke, argillite, sandstone (Permian – Maitai Group) ) MATERIAL RAINFALL (mm) CLASS d greywacke, argillite, quartzite (Devonian – Mt Arthur Group) 2 Basic igneous rocks (gabbro, diorite – Riwaka metavolcanics) AREA PARENT ANNUAL 30 Greywacke and schist (Mt Arthur Group) 71 Siltstone and sandstone (Miocene-Eocene) 88 Gabbro, diorite (gabbro, – Riwaka metavolcanics) nd-YBE) 3 Calcareous sandstone and shale (Mt Arthur Group) HCPYBE) 7 Old (YBE) 34 Granodiorite and diorite (of Separation Point suite) BLA (HCYBE) 22 Old BOA (HCPYBE) 97 Old BMT (YBE) 8 Granodiorite and diorite (of Separation Point suite) ) BOA (YBE) 6 Diorite, granodiorite (77dH) BMT (BGC) 14 Patriarch steepland (57g) (65b)steepland Haupiri BOA & ZPT (HCPYBE) 89 Ol Pelorus steepland (65c) Brooklyn hill Whitcombe steepland (67) BAM (HCPYBE) UNIT NAME# CLASS* (km hill (37cH)hill Kaiteriteri Pelorus hill (65c)(YBE) UYT 41 BOA ( Weathered granite (Separation Point suite) Spenser steepland (58)steepland Spenser ZOT (HCPYBE) 28 Greywacke (subalpine; Maitai Group, Mt Arthur Group) SOIL MAPOrinoco hill (37bH) SOIL Tadmor zl (44cH)zl Tadmor Tadmor hill (44cH)(37cH)sl Kaiteriteri (YBE) BOA BOA (YBE) (YBE) UYT 5Kairuru complex (44d) Siltstone and sandstone (Miocene-Eocene) 7SOILS OF THE STEEPLANDS ERT (YBE) Weathered granite (Separation Point suite) Ngatimoti steepland (37bH)Kawatiri steepland (47e EMT 7 Marble Brooklyn steepland (77d) BMT (BGC) Heslington steepland (74b) BOT (Re Wakamarama steepland (65d)steepland Wakamarama (HCPYBE) BLAD 205 Old greywacke (montane; Greenland Group) Lewis steepland (65) ZOT (HCPYBE) 4 Greywacke (montane; Torlesse Group)

116 APPENDICES ell drained well drained Well drained DRAINAGE oderate Moderately ery lowdrained Well ery lowdrained Well ery lowdrained Well FERTILITY Extremely low 2000–5000 V 1000–3050 Low to m 1500–38001500–5000 Low1270–1500 W V 1000–2000 V ) MATERIAL RAINFALL (mm) CLASS eathered granite (montane; Separation Point suite) ltramafic rocks (Dun Mountain ultramafics) 2 AREA PARENT ANNUAL HCPYBE) 120 W Numbers are map unit numbers shown on maps in New Zealand Soil Bureau (1968). BMG (BGC)ZOT (HCPYBE) 74 10 U Weathered granite (subalpine-alpine; Separation Point suite) RFQ = Weathered Fluvial Recent, RST Typic Sandy RFAW Acidic-weathered RFMA Mottled-acidic Fluvial Recent, GRA = Acidic Recent Gley, GRQ Saline GOO Peaty Orthic BOA Brown, BOT = Typic Orthic Brown, BFA Acidic Firm BLA Allophanic BMG Magnesic Mafic BMT Typic Mafic Brown, BLAD = Acidic-pedal Allophanic BAM Mottled Acidic UEM Albic Ultic, UYT Typic Yellow Ultic, ZXP = Placic Pan Podzol, ZOT Orthic ZOH Humose ZPT Perch-gley Podzol, EMT = Typic Mafic Melanic, ERW Weathered Rendzic ERT Melanic (Hewitt 1992) YBE = Yellow Brown Earth, YBS Sand, HCYBE High Country HCPYBE Podzolised Yellow Brown Earth, YGE = Grey Rend Rendzina, BGC Granular Clay (New Zealand Soil Bureau 1968) UNIT NAME# CLASS* (km Glenhope steepland (66a)( BOA Pokororo steepland (41e)steepland Pokororo (YBE) BOA 134 Weathered granite (montane; Separation Point suite) SOIL MAP(74c)steepland Pikikiruna (Rend-YBE) ERW SOIL 121 Marble and limestone (Mt Arthur Group) Key # Texture zl = silt loam, sl sandy cyl clay l gr gravel, st stony. * Soil class Matiri steepland (65f)Dun steepland (79) Hohonu steepland (67b) ZOH (HCPYBE) 25 Sandstone and mudstone (Miocene-Oligocene)

117 Appendix 2 Sites of special wildlife interest, Motueka Catchment (Walker 1987)

Walker (1987) identifies and ranks the • Golden Downs village wetland with fernbird following sites within the Motueka: and other common birds (moderate value). • Motueka rivermouth sites with waterfowl and other common birds (moderate value). FOREST SITES • Waiwhero Creek and other forest wetlands • (outstanding value): with fernbird, waterfowl, pu-keko and other wide variety of birds (including ka-ka-, common birds (moderate value). yellow-crowned parakeet, falcon, kiwi, blue duck, fernbird, robin, rock wren, kea, COASTAL WETLAND SITES long-tailed cuckoo) and large land snails (Powelliphanta). Three sites on the Motueka River delta are • Big Bush (high value): 18 recorded species listed: the rivermouth and sandspit (high value) of bird including ka-ka-, yellow-crowned and the Kumeras tidal flats and saltmarsh parakeet, falcon, fernbird, and robin. (moderate-high value). At the Motueka • Donald Creek (high value): 16 recorded rivermouth 42 bird species have been recorded, species of bird including ka-ka-, parakeet, with 31 recorded at the sandspit, and 25 at the falcon, and robin. Kumeras. This area is the most important • Mt Richmond Forest Park (high value): 25 feeding area in western Bay, has the recorded species of birds (including ka-ka-, largest high-tide roost site (with over 10,000 yellow-crowned parakeet, falcon, blue birds in midsummer), the most birds in Tasman duck, robin, kea) and large land snails Bay, and is an important feeding area for a (Powelliphanta). variety of birds (including international • Many other sites of moderate-to-high migratory waders). It provides roosting and value that are generally smaller in size or breeding areas for a large variety and number have been modified but still contain a of birds, including estuarine-edge species wide variety of birds, and some have large (banded rail, and fernbird until land snails. Many of these are lowland recently), waders (South Island pied sites. oystercatcher, Eastern bar-tailed godwit, turnstones, banded dotterel, wrybill, New Zealand dotterel, royal spoonbill, white heron), FRESHWATER WETLAND SITES coastal species (shags, gannets, gulls, white- • The middle braided reaches of the fronted tern, black-fronted and Caspian terns). Motueka riverbed around These coastal areas are some of the most (moderate-to-high value). Used seasonally threatened (from stock grazing, drainage and for breeding by coastal species including land development) wildlife areas in the the banded dotterel, pied stilt, Paradise catchment. The Department of Conservation shelduck, South Island pied oystercatcher regards the Motueka delta as being of national and black-fronted tern. importance (Davidson et al. 1993).

118 APPENDICES

Appendix 3 Outstanding natural features and landscapes in the Motueka Catchment (Kenny and Hayward 1993)

INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE karst with superb solution features). • Owen ice cavern (best ice cave in New Zealand). • (the deepest and second- • Riwaka wollastonite (one of largest known longest cave in Southern Hemisphere, with the occurrences of wollastonite). largest chamber and deepest karst circulation in New Zealand; a multiple-level phreatic system with speleotherms) REGIONAL IMPORTANCE • Pearse Resurgence (a large spring that drains • Graham Valley pyroxenite (most-common rock water from under Mt Arthur and including all type in the Cretaceous Riwaka igneous complex) the caves there) • Graham Valley nickel (example of nickel • Mt Owen karst (one of the two best examples of mineralisation in the Riwaka igneous complex) glaciated karst in the Southern Hemisphere) • Rolling River gold mining area (good example • Baton River Devonian fossil fauna (classic of early attempt at quartz gold mining) Devonian-age sequence for New Zealand with • Upper Tadmor Valley Eocene–Oligocene very diverse fauna) sediments (sequence of marine and non- • Tomo Thyme cave system (third-longest cave marine sediments on basal unconformity, and system in New Zealand, a complex system an example of stream capture) linked to the Pearse Resurgence, with multiple • Baton River–Moran Creek Paleozoic sediments shaft entrances intersecting horizontal phreatic (only-known exposure of the base of lower passages on several levels). Paleozoic Baton Group rocks) • Bulmer caverns (longest and second deepest • Beebys conglomerate Cretaceous terrestrial cave in New Zealand, large and varied sediments (remnants of late Mesozoic terrestrial speleotherms, complex cave system). fluviatile sediments) • Blue Creek cave (excellent example of phreatic maze development) NATIONAL IMPORTANCE • Kaka clay mine (active underground kaolin mine) • Falcon Cave (fifth-deepest cave in New Zealand, • Kaka lime kiln and quarry (brick kiln built into a with a series of shafts from a single entrance) rock face to burn local limestone) • HH Cave (third-deepest cave in New Zealand, • Gogoroth Cave (a deep shaft system of caves with vadose development) from two adjacent entrances). • Moutere gravel glacial/interglacial sediment • Mt Patriarch limestone summit folding (large sequences at (allows correlation folds and thrusts in calcareous rocks of with key sequences in the Wanganui area) Eastern Belt of Nelson) • Mt Patriarch to John Reid Hut Paleozoic fossil • Waimea Fault, Tophouse (offset of Tophouse fauna (unique section through upper Cambrian surface along Waimea Fault). and lower Ordovician carbonate facies rocks, • Waimea Fault, faulted terraces (small graben with conodonts, trilobites and molluscs). along offset of Waimea Fault in Motupiko • Ellis Basin and Horseshoe Basin karst (glaciated valley).

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