Teachers' Guide

Qualification Accredited

GCSE (9–1)

Teachers’ Guide HISTORY B (SCHOOLS HISTORY PROJECT)

J411 For first teaching in 2016 History around us Norwich Castle Version 2

www.ocr.org.uk/history History Around Us Norwich Castle are reproduced permission. withtheirkind and provided Service Museums by Norfolk The imageswithinthis guidehave been study” whenSHPdesigned OCRB(SHP)specification. thenew This translated to shouldberelatively“Schools free anindividualchoicefor to make thesite ( Project 5 principle History School environment.”. Around Us’ anditcontinuesto develop innovative approaches to thestudyofhistoric forthat there shouldbemore children opportunities andyoung peopleto study ‘History history.the past,are oflearning someofthemoststimulatingaspects The Project believes environment whatthehistoric and considering cantell usaboutpeople’s lives andbeliefs in Project sinceitsinception.Engaging with History oftheSchools principle Around Us’,‘History aninterest of,“Generating in,andknowledge environment thehistoric hasbeenacore addresses Around Us’: ‘History Project directly History theethosofSchools One ofthesixcore underpinning principals Introduction Teachers’ Guide GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History http://www.schoolshistoryproject.co.uk/about-shp/principles/

In partnership with partnership In

) 2 Britain is a country which is rich intheremains whichisrich environment ofthepast,andourhistoric is isacountry Britain Why isstudyingthehistoric environment important? 3. 2. 1. There are three reasons for this: studied by theirstudents. Project believes thatitisessentialforHistory schoolsto begiven free choice over thesite study. thefullpotential environment ofstudyingthehistoric If isto beunlocked, theSchool OCR Bspecification to thesite ofhistorical study ourdeepcommitment tothisaspect reflects Project. by History theSchools The decision to allocate 20%oftheoverall assessmentinthe content istherefore GCSEsubject inthenew site context initshistorical particular welcomed course. oftheirSHPGCSEhistory them aspart The requirement to includeastudyof aroundachievements thatgenerationsof14-16year oldshave studiedthefascinatinghistory Project’s History isoneoftheSchool young mostnotable peoplecanstudyhistory. It about thelives andbeliefs ofpeopleinthepastanditoffers inwhich astimulatingcontext one ofthemostdiverse intheworld. The builtenvironment provides significantevidence limited number of prescribed sites for study in the new History GCSEs. GCSEs. limited numberofprescribed sites for History studyinthenew Britain’s environment historic to to berestricted a diverse issimplytoo rich, andwonderful for thechosensite, reinforces theprofessionalism teachers. ofhistory The freedom thesite to for select study, teaching andto approaches develop bespoke their needsinmind. environmentstudy ofthehistoric ifthesite studyhadbeenspecificallychosenwith they There isamuchgreater thatstudentswillengageatadeeplevel withtheir possibility Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle entirety. War asyour depthstudy, British itisclearnooverlap existsandthe site can beusedinits you areIf studyingPublic inPeace HealthandeitherElizabethan England orBritain and individually, ortogether. environmentsalmost three historical distinct inone that couldbethefocus ofany study ways to avoid any suchoverlap. This provides agood exampleasthesite comprises Castle, we thisexample, canseehow thesite Norwich couldbeusedindifferentIn structure initiated inthisperiod, would beprohibited undertheserules. Ludlow Castle, by whichwasconstructed William Iin1066andretained and itspurpose Images/207164-specification-accredited-gcse-history-b-j411.pdf Castles play alarge ( roleoftheNormans intheexaminedsection pdf camps ( the specification:Holocaust,includingEinsatzgruppen, ghettos andthedeath thetopic also taking underNazirule’‘living would beprohibited owing in to thesection a changeoftopic wasmade. ExamplesofthismightbeAuschwitz, which,if you were thesite ofthespecification,this ineligiblewould make unless another examinedsection this meansthatifthemainuseofsite practice, solelymatches abulletpointfrom In castles to from quarry’s, cathedralstoto docks. towns andfrom abandonedairfields oflarge orcomplexsites. part to concentrate ononeimportant These couldrangefrom thisisnotaItalsoacceptable requirement fieldwork, ofthespecification. undertaking and beonany scale. investigateWhile itisdesirablethatlearners thechosen site by aroundfor usstudy. cancomefrom ahistory orhistory any ofprehistory period It there (indeedtheworld) Across acountlesssites thatwould beappropriate thecountry Choosing asite GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History other topics studied. The specification prohibits theuseofchosensitelinked beingdirectly to -page25).Anotherprohibition couldcomeintheform castle. ofusingaNorman www.ocr.org.uk/Images/207164-specification-accredited-gcse-history-b-j411. - page 13). So sites like sites -page13).So like www.ocr.org.uk/

3 • specification, for theNormans, about: states thatstudentsmustlearn this becomemore challenging asthere may besomeareas thatwould overlap. The If, however, you andPunishment, are andCrime studyingtheNormans sites suchas building during that period. that period. building during then alsolookattheoriginal ofcastle andlookatthewideraspect William Iconstruction EnvironmentHistoric study, but the Castle asasite couldbeasoutlined above. You could ofthe becomes thecase. Reference shouldnotbestudiedaspart aspect to theprison you are and Punishment,If studyingCrime butnotthe Normans, theopposite then changed from to whatitistoday beingaprison (amuseum)etc… occurred atthesite following itsrepurposing asagaolinthemid-1200s? How hasit prison. Why builtthere? wastheprison What ways diditchange? What different activities andPunishment Crime you areasanoption,you If canstudythesite nottaking asa programme ofstudy. butagain,thiswould prison, notbeincludedina HowardJohn alsodiscussedNorwich need to beasthepresent buildings builtinthe1700s. site doesnotincludetheprison purely are asacastle, aspects notincluded, andstudiesontheprison norwould they is theneasilyandamore way straightforward ofstudyingthe site. The Castle isstudied indeed, following itscompletionin1121hestayed there for aspell. The rest ofthecriteria site, then,thesite wascreated I, to to show beapalacefor thepower Henry oftheking King’sas befittinga palace. ofwhenandwhy peoplefirst For theaspects created the arcading (asuccessionofarches), to show boththe power ofthePlantagenet’s and limestone anddecorated inc.1095, with andwasbuiltusingimported keep, started wasbuiltto beaKing’sstudied from thisperiod. It palace. ofthestone Construction couldthenbe Castle, ofthesite anditslater thepurpose a focus history onNorwich ofthe12thcentury. Asrebuilt, aresult, oncethemotte hadstabilised, part intheearly power andstrength inthearea to deter Saxon rebels. However, theCastle itselfwas Castle, asasite, Norwich wasfirstconstructed by William the Conqueror asashow of • And for andPunishment: Crime • • Pre-conquest fortifications and the first Norman castlesinEngland. andthefirstNorman fortifications Pre-conquest prison reform.prison Changes inpunishmentincludingthegrowth to Australia and ofprisons, transportation functions. andeconomic castlesinEnglandincludingtheirmilitary ofNorman The purpose anddesign castlesinEnglandtoThe distribution 1087. ofNorman Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle N. M. L. K. J. I. H. G. F. E. D. C. B. A. sourcesother historical asappropriate, to understandallofthefollowing: centres chooseasite to thatallows useitsphysical learners features, together with sources listedhistorical ina)to andtheaspects n)below. istherefore It essentialthat siteThe studyoftheselected mustfocus ontherelationship thesite, between other The criteria GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History

The environment. challengesandbenefits ofstudyingthehistoric interpretations ofthesite. How thephysical reconstructions andother remains caninform artistic enquiries. frametheseasvalidhistorical historians How thephysical remains may prompt questionsaboutthepastandhow of history. What thesite periods reveals life, abouteveryday attitudesandvaluesinparticular withothersimilarsites. ofthesite basedonacomparison The typicality ofthewholesite eitherlocallyornationally,The importance asappropriate. The significance ofspecific features inthe physical remainsatthesite. points.turning Significant timesinthesite’s past:peakactivity, major developments, and The reasons for changesto thesite andto theway itwasused. andpeopleassociated withthesite.The ofactivities diversity How thesite hasbeenusedthroughout itshistory. The ways inwhichthesite haschangedover time. When andwhy peoplefirstcreated thesite. The reasons for thelocationofsite withinitssurroundings.

4 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle (note – appendix 3 contains a fuller version created by Norwich Castle to support the delivery of the History AroundUscomponent). oftheHistory (note thedelivery –appendix3contains afullerversion Castle created to support by Norwich Gallery The following Castle &Art Museum isanexamplecreated by Norwich How inpractice? thislook does GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • MUSEUM • • • • GAOL/PRISON • • ANDROYALCASTLE PALACE B. When andwhy peoplefirstcreated thesite • MUSEUM • • • • GAOL/PRISON • • CASTLE A. The reasons for thelocation ofthesite withinitssurroundings (these are inbrackets) to justifyyour explanation ofhow the site meetsthecriteria. Please provide anexplanation ofhow your site meetseachofthefollowing points andinclude themostappropriate visualimagesofyour site. Refer to your images Site name: At thefoot ofthisranthemajorroute from Saxon thesouth to town thewell-established ofNorwich Situated strategically (steep slope),whichliesto attheendofanaturalescarpment thesouthalongriver Castle symbol of civic and cultural pride forCastle symbolofcivicandculturalpride local people (From Prison to information) Museum for to for builtatthebottom theprison ofthemoundin1822,linked trials Courtroom easyandsafe prisoner access viaaspiralstaircase andtunnel buildingsbuilt in1822around prison New theNandEwallswhichhadmostspaceonmound overcrowded,Became reformer prison Howard John visited in1776andwrote to Parliament areport ayear later Edward IIIsoldtheCastle fee gaol thenbecamethecounty (area around in1345.It theCastle) andloanedthebuildingto thecity wooden keep, motte andbailey) –steep andbailey Motte moundsurrounded by deep, defensive, ditches (open ditches) itdifficult andbaileys spacesbetween to make fortheenemy ofthe dry to(Reconstruction reach king Norman Castle 1067: new William Iimposed hispower onaSaxon Norwich populationby buildingcastleslike forCastle symbolofcivicandculturalpride localpeople(From Prison to information) Museum for to builtatthebottom theprison accessviaaspiralstaircase ofthe moundin1822,linked Courtroom prisoner andtunnel andeastwallswhichhadthemostspaceonmound buildingsbuiltin1822around prison New thenorth overcrowded,Became reformer prison Howard John visited in1776andwrote to Parliament areport conditionsingaols around in1777,highlightingterrible thecountry castleusedasagaolfromNorman 1345onwards Norwich Castle Norwich

5 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • • • MUSEUM, 1884-present • • • GAOL/PRISON 1345-1884 • • ROYAL PALACE, 1067-1345 D. How thesite hasbeenusedthroughout itshistory • • • MUSEUM 1884-present day • • • • • GAOL 1345-1822 • • • • ROYAL PALACE, 1067-1345 C. The ways inwhichthesite haschangedover time Plus the Norwich School of Artists – 3 generations of landscape artists who lived and worked in the first half of the 19th Century –andothers in thefirsthalfof19th wholivedCentury andworked –3generationsoflandscape artists ofArtists School Plus theNorwich fromNow alsohometo collections AncientEgypt, historical Celtic, and Anglo-Saxon Roman, periods Viking birds were collections The ofnaturalhistory, biggestandfinestearly particularly Museum andNorwich Norfolk oftheearlier thecollections Incorporated builtin1822atthebottom ofthemoundforCourtroom prisoners’ trials blocks kept indifferent buildingin 1822meantdifferent prison couldbe New types ofprisoners blocks, prisoner having their witheach owncell. There were also exercise yards in between forGaol/prison atleast500years (gaoliswhere are suspects heldbefore where prison are convicted trial; criminals heldaspunishment) usedforBaileys grazing livestock anddwellings andhousingtheindustries associated withtheCastle, e.g. blacksmith,armourer, mainkitchens, prison Built asaroyal palacewhichexplainsthegrand decorationofthebuildinginsideandout(BigodArch photograph) galleries refurbishment in2001–art Lottery £12m Heritage andprison architect, thekeep wascommissionedtoEdward convert Boardman, aNorwich Due to lackofspace, gaolmoved buildingsinto heathin1883andtheprocess amuseumbegan to theprison Mousehold ofconverting Architect Anthony Salvinrefaced theCastle withBathlimestone, 1834-9 gaoldesignedAnother new by William atthebottom ofthemound wasbuiltaround in1822alongwithacourtroom thekeep Wilkins blockinandaround in1792-3butthebuildingsaround were designedArchitect prison Soane andbuiltanew thekeep thekeep SirJohn too smallandsowere demolishedinthe1820s awaiting trials, housedprisoners plusdebtors Keep Edward IIIcouldn’t afford to collapse)andsosoldthe ofthebuilding(the in1345 fee andloanedthebuilding theupkeep roof wasstarting to thecity weapons, etc. keep wasthebasement(thecurrent mainfloorwasputinwhenthe The Castle becameamuseum–seelater) onlyotherfloorinthe whichwasused fuel, for storing food,drink, King’sThe otherhalfofthefloorwas –bedrooms apartments for himselfandthequeen,afireplace, private a roomwiththe topofthe sink, wellinit,andchapel amezzaninefloor for musiciansandgarderobesalso asmallkitchen, (toilets) Bigod Tower archway hasanelaborate carved (photograph)and awaitingroom to thekeep’s Great Hall(halfofthecurrent balcony floorlevel) where peoplemet,ate, slept,etc. There was symboloftheking’sBuilt asanawe-inspiring might power andmilitary 6 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • • • • • F. The reasons for changesto thesite andto theway itwas used • MUSEUM • • • • • • GAOL/PRISON • • • • ROYAL PALACE E. The andpeopleassociated diversity withthesite ofactivities Donation of John Gurney of £5000 to turn itinto of£5000to amuseum(From turn Gurney ofJohn Donation Prison to information) Museum unfit movedBecame and sotheprison Mousehold Heath for purpose to isnow facedinstone whiletheoriginalexterior buildingwasflintup refaced isthatthewholeexterior to thefirstflooron keep with BathstoneRefaced dueto erosion limestone, oftheNormandy 1834-9,inorder to restore itto how itwould firstbuiltit. have whentheNormans looked The onlydifference inthe out ofthegaoler’s houseinthe middle Soane’s butwastoo wasbuiltinthe1790sto smallandsowasdemolishedinthe1820sreplaced thesideofkeep prison with Wilkins’ cellblocksradiating whichhadprison prison wasovercrowded theprison mid-18thCentury By Howard, andJohn reformer, prison awell-known wrote aboutitin1777,highlightingconditions areport andsoitbeganto beusedasagaol declinedin14thCentury ofthekeep andadministrative importance Military – Learning, workers Museum BuildingServices, Curators,Visitor Services, Display teams Trials involving took placeinthecourtroom judges, members, lawyers, witness, andthepublic clerks, reporters prisoners, jury system full. oncompressed Oncethathappened, justwalked air theprisoners Prisoners hadtheirown cellandastandard diet,plusfacedbrutaltaskssuchasthetreadmill. At firstthetreadmill thenlaterkeep thewater wasused ground to grain for alocalbakery From 19thCentury, (guards) thegaolerwasincharge whowere ofateam ofturnkeys responsible andmaintainingorder for security Children were intheCastle born Prisoners were allmixed –men,women, children, hardened criminals, first-timers, debtors, etc. oflifeUp until19thCentury, couldrent quality prisoners for bedding, hadasrich dependedonhow they muchmoney prisoners furniture andbuybetter food Workers inthebaileys food, would have served messages, cleaned, etc. carried Servants King’s Constable would have runtheregion ofsoldiers withthebackup attheCastle in1121 IspentChristmas Henry 7 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • • I. ofthewholesiteThe eitherlocallyornationally, importance asappropriate • • • GAOL/PRISON • • • • ROYAL PALACE H. The significance ofspecificfeatures inthephysical remains at the site buildingsinNorwich 12initiative whichpromotes the12mostimportant includestheCastle initsNorwich Economic andRegeneration Heritage 2006 –Norwich Trust (HEART) fundedrefurbishment Lottery aHeritage after Castle wasre-launched 2001 –Norwich 1969 – andgarden to isintroducedThe unifythemuseumandprovide centralRotunda withtheinfillingofanopencourtyard facilities new galleries 1950 –Alarge development programme art new oftwo seestheconstruction 1894 – andDuchessof The by Castle into theDuke was converted amuseum andisopenedon23October York, George later King V andQueenMary 1888 –Architect Edward Boardman submitsplansfor thegaolto amuseum.Excavation converting begins andbuildingwork theCastle withBathlimestone1834 –Anthony Salvinbeganre-facing 1822-27 –Soane’s gaolwasdemolishedandreplaced with William Wilkins’ builtatbottom ofmound design; courtroom gaolinsideandaround builtanew Soane thekeep 1793-8 –SirJohn 1345 –Edward IIIrelinquished gaol theCastle asaroyal wasusedasthecounty palace. It throne 1215-16 –Louis, DauphinofFrance, took theCastle beinginvited after over by Hewassentbackto Englishbarons John. France unhappy withKing diedandhissontook John the after II,rebelled IItook itbackin1175 againsthisfatherandtook1174 –Prince theCastle. Henry, eldestsonofHenry Henry 1121 – here IspentChristmas wascompleted,The stone keep Henry Brittany. William won theCastle a3monthsiege backafter deGauder,1075 –LadyEmmaandtherebellion: Ralph ofEastAnglia,rebelled Earl against William hiswife I.Heleft Emmaalongto defend theCastle for three monthswhilehefledto demolishedaround1067 –Normans 100Saxon way homesto for make theCastle G. Significant timesinthesite’s past:peakactivity, majordevelopments, turningpoints Norfolk’s principal museum and art gallery from 1894 gallery Norfolk’s museumand art principal secular(non-religious) buildings in Europe Norman One ofthefinest surviving for landmark over 900years Norwich ofmurderers Castle andwhosebodieswereGrave whowere markings notallowed hangedoutsideNorwich inchurchyards to beburied inspiration to them Wilkins’ in1822wasdesigned prison sothegaoler’s houseandchapelwasinthecentre withcellblocksradiatingoutfrom themsohecould ‘oversee’ andbeasource allprisoners of prisoners Medieval Graffiti elsewhere anddeclarationsofinnocencemade by shows religious carvings Fireplace andsink(water would have comeout ofthelion’s mouthontheoutsideofwall)insouthwall king’s wasareminder ofhow wealthy quarters were theNormans own Well wasthefirstthing to have beenbuiltandisaroundIt 40mdeep.would have stretched alltheway keepwhereto the top floorofthe itwas probably enclosedwithina roomofits reminding thoughtofthem! themwhattheNormans Garderobes –communaltoilets sopeoplecould ‘do theirbusiness’ andbe ‘privy to information’. Waste would have comedown theCastle’s west wallwhere theSaxons lived, perhaps remind theSaxons ofwho’s inpower now (reminder ofthefeudal knight system) androyal were adragon,aneagle, believed they Romans), horse (Normans akneeling huntingscenes(William’s thenext hated huntinglaws) –to Bigod Arch (photograph) istheoriginal entranceto theroyal hallinthekeep. show symbolsofwealth andpower onthedoorway –Pegasus,The elaborate carvings theclassicalwinged 8 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • MUSEUM, 1888-present • • PRISON, 1822-1888 • • • GAOL, 1345-1822 • ROYAL PALACE, 1067-1345 K. What thesite reveals abouteveryday life, periodsofhistory attitudes andvalues inparticular • • • DIFFERENCES (possible!) • SIMILARITIES GALLERY MUSEUMANDART CASTLE ANDOTHER NORWICH COUNTY MUSEUMS BETWEEN SIMILARITIES • • DIFFERENCES • • • • SIMILARITIES BETWEEN NORWICH CASTLE PRISONANDPENTONVILLE CASTLE NORWICH PRISON BETWEEN SIMILARITIES CONTINUED... J. ofthesiteThe basedonacomparison typicality withothersimilarsites Won fund for the museumis £12mfrom Lottery Heritage refurbishment in2001which shows how important books, minerals andgeological specimens(From Prison to Museum) wereVictorians great andwanted collectors to show otherstheircuriosities, e.g. Fitch theFitch ofRobert displays whodonated Room thecollections Saxon finds, and Roman porcelain, From 1820s, becameapunishment–hanging prison wasonlyfor murder and treason withthe courtroom theprison spiral staircaseinspiration to hisprisoners; andtunnellinking –gaoler’sdate managementandtrials systems ofprison houseinthemiddlewithcellblocksand exercise yards radiatingoutfrom itsohecould ‘oversee’ andbeasource theprison of buildingsbuiltin1792butwere prison New too smallsothosewere were demolished andanothersetofbuildingsacourtroom themostup-to- erected in1822incorporating would deter peoplefrom andwhichshows peoplethoughthangings committingcrimes were entertainment Punishment for washanging lotsofcrimes whichwasdoneoutsideoftheCastle to crowds ofthousandswhichshows thegovernment thought capitalpunishmentwasagoodideaand crimes, debtors, etc.), basic, thefood flooding took place, wasvery there wasnoheatingandthere after were looking ratswhichshowswere noonethoughtsuspects worth hadto –food, paySuspects for bedding, everything clothes, etc. –butconditionswere washeldtogether (men,women, children, ofminorandmajor horrendous aseveryone suspects Place where were suspects heldbefore trials, plusdebtors builttheCastle asaroyalNormans palaceto remind theSaxons oftheirwealth andpower (BigodArch photograph) Nationally significant collections buildingsandcourtroom prison 19th Century keep Norman andart onthecounty’s naturalhistory history,Galleries artefacts, 1842. cellsfor andexercises –onlyleft religious services apart The separate prisoners system kept usedthesilentsystem (where aren’t prisoners Norwich allowed to speakto eachother)until1850whereas Pentonville wasdesigned for theseparate system from whenitwasbuiltin withcellsandanexercise oftheprison yard part insidethe keep Castle keep Norwich Hard labourfor prisoners, e.g. treadmill, picking oakum Different blocks for differentprisoners, typesof e.g.criminal, debtors Exercise yards cellblocks inbetween Gaolers’ to oversee houseinthemiddleofprison andinspire hisprisoners 10 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • • Challenges: • • • Benefits: N. The challengesandbenefitsofstudyingthehistoric environment • • • • • • • • • • • • • M. How thephysical reconstructions remains andotherinterpretations caninform artistic ofthesite • • • • • • L. How thephysical remains may prompt questionsaboutthepastandhow historians frame theseasvalid historical enquiries Lack of written sourcesLack ofwritten and physical evidence Different interpretations ofthesamesite Difficult tointerpret due tolackofsources evidence and way to engagewithhistory Stimulating andlife-enhancing ofpeople to aplace, andenhancesaconnection such as Defines regional andlocaldistinctiveness Gives asenseofplace, well-being andculturalidentity Keep Basement in ofthe Castle asaprison Animated filmofthehistory Basement buildinginKeep modelof 1822 prison Exterior Basement Castle inKeep Animated atNorwich interpretation ofamessengerarriving Balcony castlesonKeep Connections Animated oftheNorman andinteriors interpretations ofexteriors Basement inKeep andbaileys keep ofexterior Model King, atthe Castle,Animated preparing filmsofarriving visitingthe for a feast, theQueeninChapelandChristmas Feast of1121 Animated filmoftravelling from theoutsideof Castle into theGreat Hall Keep Castle in Animated filmoflife inNorwich Castle inKeep of1121Norwich andexterior) model(interior Scale Life inaCastle graphic panels1-3inKeep image aerial Castle Medieval Norwich drawings Castle Interior Norwich collection Castle imagesfrom ourart Norwich Where wasitbuilt? Where wasitchanged? Where didthepeoplecomefrom whousedit? How wasitbuilt?How wasitchanged?How wasitused?How muchdiditcostto build/change? Why wasitbuilt? Why wasitchanged? Why wasitused? When wasitbuilt? When wasitchanged? When wasitused? What isit? What changeshasitseen? What wasitusedfor? Who builtit? Who changedit? Who usedit? 11 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle out will very much depend on the site chosen and will vary greatly centre muchdependonthesite chosenandwillvary to centre.out willvery isnotintended to bethewhole lesson,butinsteadThe provide exampleactivity ofthatmightbecovered anexampleofaspect withinthelesson. carried oflessonandactivities The type Castle asthefocal point. using Norwich What follows isoneteacher’s experience, altered to around suite specification,ofhow thenew to uscourse over deliver a12week ahistory programme withtimeincludedfor thesite visit, you are studying. There are many ways you couldorganise acourseandneitherOCR,norSHPendorsesany onesetmethod. The bestway willalways comefrom your individualcircumstances andthesite that For environment, thoseunfamiliarwithastudyofthehistoric thismightbethebiggestchallengeyou initiallyface. The teaching programme GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History the site? of aboutthehistory What dowe know Why environment? studythehistoric focus Enquiry I G B A N Criteria nationally, asappropriate ofthewholesite eitherlocallyor The importance developments, points turning Significant timesinthesite’s past:peakactivity, major When andwhy peoplefirstcreated thesite surroundings The reasons for thelocationofsite withinits environment The challengesandbenefitsofstudyingthehistoric 12 Create a timelineoutliningthemajorevents ofthesites history. that information? haveWhat difficultiesmightthey infindingthisout? answered? stillneedtoWhat dothey do? Where orhow findout mightthey butsomeminorpoints. Can anypack, posebe ofthequestionsthey Students canbegiven additionalinformation aboutthesite, notacomplete might include ‘where isit?’ or ‘why isitruined?’ to would askaboutthesite,Students suggestquestionsthey like examples Show animageofaruinedsite (notyour chosensite) Example Activity Teachers’ Guide CONTINUED...

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle CONTINUED... GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History How isthesite typical? How canwe usethephysical remains? How hasthesite beenused? focus Enquiry J N M L H K F E D C Criteria other similarsites with ofthesite basedonacomparison The typicality environment The challengesandbenefits ofstudyingthehistoric reconstructions andotherinterpretations ofthesite How thephysical remains caninform artistic enquiries valid historical about thepastandhow frametheseas historians How thephysical remains may prompt questions remains atthesite The significance ofspecificfeatures inthephysical ofhistory periods and valuesinparticular What thesite reveals life, abouteveryday attitudes was used The reasons for changesto thesite andto theway it the site andpeopleassociated with The ofactivities diversity How thesite hasbeenusedthroughout itshistory The ways inwhichthesite haschangedover time SITE VISIT 13 Example Activity prior study)withFramlingham.prior Learners shouldcompare physical Castle features (gainedthrough ofNorwich Bigod. Castle andwithlinks viaRoger local to Norwich Learners shouldspendtimeresearching Framlingham Castle –asite broadly towould askinorder like to findoutmore information. features.sources key Around eachsource, create ofquestionsyou aseries Using thesource withyour visitnotes. packsinconjunction Annotate the focussing onthedifferent ways inthe site hasbeenusedover time. Use thesource withyour visitnotes. packsinconjunction Create a guidebook Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle Source Arch 1–Bigod Appendix 1–asampleofsources Castle from Norwich GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History Source Howard 2–John andPrison reform graphic panel 14 Source 3–reconstruction ofwooden motte andbailey Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle railings, whichare stillinplacetoday. after Wilkins’ wasbuilt.People Gaol are around shown wandering themoundwithitsiron This isneatlyshown inDavid Hodgson’s coloured lithograph oftheCastle madesometime the completionof William Wilkins’ rebuilding oftheGaol: for folk city to walkaround. The following accountreveals thepleasure inthis, taken following holdingthieves,prison villainsanddebtors onlyawall’s away, thickness wasapopularvenue wasfrequently engraved anddespite beinga symbolofcivicpride. It by artists as apowerful city, continuedto exercise aprofound visualeffect onthelocalpopulation over thecenturies hugestructure, placedonthelarge motte population.Its Anglo-Saxon inthecentre ofthe Castle wasbuiltasasymbolofroyal over dominationby theNormans Norwich thelocal Castle teamNorwich Appendix 2–From Prison to Museumwritten by the GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History From The Norfolk Chronicle and Norwich Gazette Chronicle andNorwich The Norfolk the city andsurrounding country. the city andthemeanswhich itstillaffordsof thegeneralarrangement, ofviewing encroachments ofstone masonry, we yet were gratified withtheneatness of pleasures ofafavourite salutary on Sunday last,by throngs ofpersons:allapparently eagerto enjoy the of unavoidable exclusion, beenthrown openagainto thepublic, wasvisited completion. Andthewalkround having, theCastle Hill alonginterval after are atastate of Gaol arrived now County The nearly oftheNew works what itwas , before exhibited suchformidable theplatform oftheHill promenade , Saturday 12th November 1834 (Vol LVII, Saturday 12thNovember 1834(Vol No.2894) . With too lively remembrance 15 Often thesteady stream locally: ofimagestheCastle wouldOften beadvertised pieces from local paper restoration in1834. The repairs, asthefollowing whichwere out,caused alocaloutcry carried was felt whenitwasdecidedthattheCastle’s mostclearly mainouter wallswere inneedof the Prison Governor, Johnson. John viewpoints thesetwo between The potential conflict maintenance andupkeep, were to thelocal Magistrates ongoingcausesofconcern and people, thebuildingwasstillanoperatingGaol. The needsofthebuilding, andits oftheCastle inthe culturalandcivicmindofNorwich Despite thisobvious importance The Norwich Mercury The Norwich reveal (overleaf): Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History From From The Norwich Mercury The Norwich The Norwich Mercury The Norwich , Saturday 1834 (No. 24th May 5377) , Saturday 3rd 1834(No. May 5374) 16 From The Norwich Mercury The Norwich , Saturday 26th July1834(No. 5386) Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History From The Norwich Mercury The Norwich , Saturday 2ndAugust 1834(No. 5387) 17 From The Norwich Mercury The Norwich , Saturday 9thAugust 1834 (No. 5388) Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle following their demolition(below) Now you seeit… (above) cellblocksbuiltby Soane SirJohn withits brick and The Keep and oftheprogress from ofthebuildingworks 1887to 1894. to fortunate have ofphotographsare aseries showing very atitsclosure, theCastle asaprison had. andsenseofplaceNorwich Wesuggestion, providing reflecting thehistory acivicamenity oftheCastle to theCity,Given theimportance itsconversion to wasanatural aMuseum GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History 18 and a wooden walkway inserted around theedge inserted and awooden walkway arches,Modern theKeep, designed to were roof, like holdupthenew to lookNorman inserted Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle Palmer: Seated, J Nunn (joiner) and E Bacon (stoker). Jarvis, inthetop hat,wasthedoorman. Jarvis, andEBacon(stoker). Palmer: Seated, JNunn(joiner) to H right): in1897(left EPalmer;This picture shows thoseworking W Jarvis; Wurr; W Benns staffhadto 1894new beappointed asattendants. George inOctober King V andQueenMary) Following thegrand andDuchessof openingoftheCastle by Museum theDuke York (later GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History 19 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle https://www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk/norwich-castle/learning/ocr-and-shp-b-criteria For the fulldetailsofcriteria, pleasesee: OCR andSHPBCriteria ofthesite for andtheadditionalhistorical sources theselection Castle Appendix 3–Full detailsofcriteria created by Norwich GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History

20 o o AHS: • MUSEUM, 1887-present o o AHS: • • • • GAOL/PRISON, 1345-1887 o o o o o o o o Additional Historical Sources (AHS): • • 1067-1345 CASTLE, a) The reasons for thelocation ofthesite withinitssurroundings o o o o o o o o o o o o Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack From Prison to information Museum for Castle symbolofcivicandculturalpride local people Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World HowardJohn andPrison Reform graphic panel access viaaspiralstaircase andtunnel for to builtatthebottom theprison ofthemoundin1822,linked Courtroom prisoner on themound buildingsbuilt in1822around prison New theNandEwallswhichhadmostspace wrote to Parliament a report overcrowded,Became reformer prison Howard John by thedungeonsin1777, horrified castleusedasagaolfrom Norman 1345onwards by Castle Keep Norwich TA Heslop Guidebook pp4-9 magazine/issue/september-2015 2015( Sept magazinearticle BBC History notes Castle Excavations Survey andHistorical Norwich information Realms Medieval coinsphotograph 10th Century picture oflate SaxonReconstruction Norwich andSuffolk CastlesNorfolk map from thesouth At thefoot ofthisranthemajorroute Saxon to town thewell-established ofNorwich south alongtheriver Situated strategically (steep slope),whichliesto attheendofanaturalescarpment the )

http://www.historyextra.com/bbc-history-

Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History o o AHS: • MUSEUM, 1887-present o o AHS: • • • • GAOL/PRISON, 1345-1887 o o o o o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • 1067-1345 CASTLE, b) When andwhy peoplefirstcreated thesite o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack From Prison to information Museum forCastle symbolofcivicandculturalpride local people (From Prison to Museum PrisonMedieval graphic panel Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World notes forprison easy andsafe accessviaaspiralstaircase andtunnel to for builtatthebottom the ofthemoundin1822,linked trials Courtroom prisoner on themound buildingsbuilt in1822around prison New theNandEwallswhichhadmostspace wrote to Parliament a report overcrowded,Became reformer prison Howard John by thedungeonsin1776, horrified gaol thenbecame thecounty in1345.It city Edward IIIsoldtheCastle fee (area around theCastle) andloanedthebuildingto the ofthewooden keep, motteReconstruction andbailey PrisonMedieval graphic panel notes Castle Excavations Survey andHistorical Norwich graphic Castle Keep Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack CastlesKings, andPower graphic panel Castle Guide1200 Norwich Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World magazine/issue/september-2015 2015( Sept magazinearticle BBC History Guidebook pp4-9 law ofsoldiersto andorder keep andprevent agarrison rebellion Installed face itasareminder ofthewealth andpower oftheNormans Local flintwasused to buildthe Castle butlimestone wasbrought from to Normandy mottes (mounds)timeto settlebefore buildinginstone beganin1094(completed by 1121) First inthe madeofwood couldbuildwithspeedbutalsoto sothey allow keep theearth (open ditches) itdifficultbaileys spaces between to make fortheenemy to reach –steep andbailey Motte moundsurrounded by deep, defensive, ditches and dry aroundDemolished 100Saxon homes king Norman 1067 new William Castle Iimposedhispower onaSaxon populationby Norwich panel 1 ) and http://www.historyextra.com/bbc-history- panel 3

21 • • • CASTLE/ROYAL PALACE, 1067-1345 c) The reasons for thelocation ofthesite withinitssurroundings • • • • • GAOL/PRISON, 1345-1887 o o o o AHS: • • • • • o o o o Visitors would have gonethrough alarge gateway nearwhatisnow theArchant Today’s oftheoriginal 23acre site Castle isonlyasmallpart symboloftheking’sBuilt asanawe-inspiring might power andmilitary Architect Anthony Salvinrefaced theCastle with Bath limestone, 1834-9 atthebottom ofthemound with acourtroom gaoldesignedAnother new by William wasbuiltaround in1822along thekeep Wilkins in 1792-3butitwastoo smallandwasdemolishedin1820s blockinandaround designedArchitect prison Soane andbuiltanew thekeep SirJohn awaiting trials housedprisoners Keep Edward theCastle asaroyal IIIdecidednotto keep palaceandgave in1345 itto thecity Guidebook pp4-9 notes Castle Excavations Survey andHistorical Norwich information Realms Medieval Castle guide1200 Norwich fuel, weapons, etc. when theCastle becameamuseum–seelater) whichwas usedfor food, storing drink, keep wasthebasement(thecurrent mainfloorwasputin The onlyotherfloorinthe and thequeen,afireplace, a room withthe top ofthe sink, well init,andchapel King’sThe otherhalfofthefloorwas –bedrooms apartments for himself private amezzaninefloor for musiciansandgarderobesa smallkitchen, (toilets) (half ofthecurrent balcony floorlevel) where peoplemet,ate, slept,etc. There wasalso Bigod Tower archway hasanelaborate carved awaitingroom to thekeep’s Great Hall called theBigod Tower side, isonthe firstflooronitseastern Theprotected original doorway bya forebuilding wasandstillis21mhigh28mwidewithwallsaroundKeep 3mthick andbridge drawbridge Mall),across offices, ofnewspaper Castle a into (which abailey now part forms

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© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History o o o AHS: • • • • • • • o o o o o o o o o o MUSEUM, 1887-present AHS: CONTINUED... c) The reasons for thelocation ofthesite withinitssurroundings o o o o o o o o o o o o o Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack andtheCastle graphic Museum panel Gurney John Castle Guide1200 Norwich galleries refurbishment in2001 –art Lottery £12m Heritage unify themuseumandprovide facilitiesin1969 new andgarden isintroducedTheto centralRotunda withtheinfillingofanopencourtyard 1950 in galleries A large development programme art new oftwo seestheconstruction floor original Norman floor wasputinabove thebasementandabalcony wasinstalledatthelevel ofthe To roof, thenew support openarches were builtdown thecentre ofthekeep, another involved work His outSoane’s ripping cellbock prison andprison architect, thekeep wascommissionedtoEdward convert Boardman, aNorwich buildingsinto amuseumbegan theprison converting Due to alackofspacegaolmoved Heathin1883andtheprocess to Mousehold of William Wilkins’ graphic Gaol panel PrisonMedieval graphic panel Excavations Castle Mall graphic panel William Wilkins’ gaolmodel Prison photograph cellsinkeep Castle Guide1200 Norwich From Prison to Museum Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World notes gaolcellphotographReplica andInformation andPrison Gaol Images Norwich

22 • • /ROYALCASTLE PALACE, 1067-1345 d) How thesite hasbeenusedthroughout itshistory • • • GAOL/PRISON, 1345-1887 o o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • • o o o o o o o garrison ofsoldiersweregarrison stationedhere to administer theregion However, lived initbuttheking’s kings noNorman constable(hisrepresentative) anda Built asaroyal palacewhichexplainsthegrand decorationofthebuildinginsideandout Courtroom built in1822atthebottom ofthemoundforCourtroom prisoners’ trials blocks in between different blocks, having their witheachprisoner own cell. There were alsoexercise yards kept in buildingin 1822meantdifferent prison couldbe New types ofprisoners where are convicted criminals heldaspunishment) forGaol/prison atleast500years (gaoliswhere are suspects heldbefore prison trial; Prison Medieval graphic panel information Realms Medieval CastlesKings, andPower graphic panel Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World notes Digging upthepastgraphic panel The King’s graphic Men panel graphic Castle panel2 Keep Norwich following walls asacentreDemise thebuildingofcity ofadministrationin14thCentury Three sieges withdrovers becameacattlemarket bailey bringing livestockSouth from around theregion Castle, e.g. blacksmith,armourer, mainkitchens, prison usedforBaileys grazing livestock anddwellings associated andhousingtheindustries withthe this year,atNorwich.” spentChristmas Henry King in1121: to visitNorwich ChronicleAnglo-Saxon Iwasknown recorded theonlytimeHenry “In and garderobes andlavish decorations King’s chamberswithafireplace, private separate bedchambers constablehadluxurious sink, people would’ve slept Day’s business, took feasts placeintheGreat Hallandthisiswhere andentertaining most

Teachers’ Guide CONTINUED...

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History o o AHS: • • • • • o o o o o o o MUSEUM, 1887-present AHS: CONTINUED... d) How thesite hasbeenusedthroughout itshistory o o o o o o o o o Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack andtheCastle graphic Museum panel Gurney John jewellery, glass, costume, –and textiles Teapots timesto from present Medieval day –silver,Houses alsoDecorative Arts ceramics, –andothers inthefirsthalfof19th Century worked wholived and – 3generationsoflandscapeartists ofArtists School Plus theNorwich Saxon and periods Viking from Now alsohometo collections AncientEgypt, historical Celtic, Anglo- Roman, birds were collections The ofnaturalhistory, biggestandfinestearly particularly Museum andNorwich Norfolk oftheearlier thecollections Incorporated Prison photograph cellsinthekeep William Wilkins’ gaolmodel cellphotographReplica Prison dailylife Stories graphic panel andInformation andPrison Gaol Images Norwich William Wilkins’ graphic Gaol panel ExcavationsCastle Mall graphic panel

23 • • • CASTLE/ROYAL PALACE e) The andpeopleassociated diversity withthesite ofactivities o AHS: • MUSEUM o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • GAOL/PRISON o o o o o o o o o AHS: • • o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Servants would have served food, would have served messages, cleaned, etc. carried Servants King’s constablewould have runtheregion ofsoldiers withthebackup attheCastle in1121 IspentChristmas Henry Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack – Learning, workers Museum BuildingServices, Curators,Visitor Services, Display teams andInformation andPrison Gaol Images Norwich Prison introductiongraphic Stories panel Prison dailylife Stories graphic panel Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World Chapel Record photograph Book Prison jobdescriptions, 1829 witness, and thepublic clerks, reporters Trials involving took placeinthe courtroom judges, members, lawyers, prisoners, jury the waterto system keep going Prisoners hadtheirown cellandastandard diet, plusfacedbrutaltasksasthetreadmill responsible andmaintaining order for security From 19thCentury, (guards) thegaolerwasincharge whowere ofateam ofturnkeys Children were intheCastle born Prisoners were allmixed –men,women, children, hardened criminals, first-timers, debtors, etc. couldrent prisoners bedding,had asrich furniture andbuybetter food oflifeUp until19thCentury, quality for dependedonhow they muchmoney prisoners information Realms Medieval Life inaCastle graphic panel1 CastlesKings, andPower graphic panel Digging upthepastgraphic panel Prison Medieval graphic panel The King’s graphic Men panel Guidebook pp4-9 notes Castle Excavations Survey andHistorical Norwich graphic Castle Keep Norwich 3 sieges Workers inthebaileys panel 2 ,

panel 3 and panel 4

Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • f) The reasons for changesto thesite andtof) theway itwas used o o o o o o William Wilkins’ graphic Gaol panel PrisonMedieval graphic panel 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack andtheCastle graphic Museum panel Gurney John From Prison to information Museum HowardJohn andPrison Reform graphic panel itinto of£5,000to amuseum turn Gurney ofJohn Donation overcrowdedBecame moved againandsotheprison Heath to Mousehold originalexterior buildingwasflintup to thefirstflooron difference isnow facedinstone whilethe inthe keep isthatthewholeexterior refaced to restore itto how itwould firstbuiltit. have whentheNormans looked The only withBathstoneRefaced dueto erosion limestone, oftheNormandy 1834-9,inorder the middle with Wilkins’ cellblocksradiatingoutofthejailer’s whichhadtheprison prison housein Soane’s builtin1790sbuttoo smallandsodemolishedin1820sreplaced prison reformer,prison conditions wrote aboutitin1777,highlighting theterrible areport wasovercrowded theprison mid-18thCentury By Howard, andJohn awell-known began to beusedasagaol andsoit declinedin14thCentury ofthekeep andadministrative importance Military 24 • • g) o o o o o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • • • • • • • • o o o o o o o o o o months whilehefled to Brittany. William won the a3monthsiege Castle backafter rebelled against William hiswife I.Heleft Emmaaloneto defend theCastle for three deGauder,1075 –LadyEmmaandtherebellion: Ralph ofEastAnglia, Earl demolishedaround1067 –Normans 100Saxon way homesto for make theCastle Significant timesinthesite’s past:peakactivity, majordevelopments, turningpoints Norwich Castle Excavations and Historical Survey notes Castle Excavations Survey andHistorical Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack William Wilkins’ gaolmodel andtheCastle graphic Museum panel Gurney John Prison photograph cellsinkeep From Prison to information Museum Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World website,HEART Guidebook pages4-9 magazine/issue/september-2015 2015( Sept magazine article BBC History buildingsinNorwich 12initiative whichpromotes the12mostimportant in itsNorwich includestheCastle Economic andRegeneration Heritage 2006 –Norwich Trust (HEART) fundedrefurbishment Lottery aHeritage after Castle wasre-launched 2001 –Norwich garden to unifythemuseumandprovide facilities new 1969 – and isintroducedThe centralRotunda withtheinfillingofanopencourtyard galleries 1950 –Alarge development programme art new oftwo seestheconstruction 1894 – The Castle in amuseum was converted museum. Excavation begins andbuildingwork 1888 –Architect Edward Boardman submitsplansfor thegaolto a converting theCastle withBathlimestone1834 –Anthony Salvinbeganre-facing builtatbottom ofmound courtroom 1822-27 –Soane’s gaolwasdemolishedandreplaced with William Wilkins’ design; gaolinsideandaround builtanew Soane thekeep 1793-8 –SirJohn gaol 1345 –Edward IIIrelinquished theCastle asaroyal wasusedasthecounty palace. It son took thethrone He wassentbacktobarons John. France unhappy withKing diedandhis John after 1215-16 –Louis, DauphinofFrance, took theCastle beinginvited after over by English IItook itbackin1175 Castle. Henry II,rebelled againsthisfatherandtook1174 –Prince the Henry, eldestsonofHenry here IspentChristmas wascompleted,1121 –thestone keep Henry http://www.heritagecity.org/ ) http://www.historyextra.com/bbc-history- Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History o o o AHS: • • • GAOL/PRISON o o o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • • CASTLE/ROYAL PALACE h) The significance ofspecificfeatures inthephysical remains at thesite o o o o o o o o o o o Norwich Gaol and Prison Images andInformation and Prison Gaol Images Norwich 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack LamentfromBartholomew’s Guidebook pp4-9 bodies were notclaimed Castle andwhose whowere ofcriminals hangedoutsideNorwich Grave markings source ofinspirationto them with cellblocksradiatingout from themsohecould ‘oversee’ andbea allprisoners Wilkins’ in1822wasdesigned prison sothegaoler’s houseandchapelwasinthecentre prisoners Medieval Graffiti elsewhere anddeclarationsofinnocencemade by shows religious carvings Guidebook pp4-9 Castle Excavations Survey andHistorical Norwich graphic Castle panel2 Keep Norwich FireplaceKitchen Chapel Keep information Realms Medieval Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World Bigod Arch photographs - notes by Castle Keep Norwich TA Heslop perhaps a prayer knightsfighting– after them? tolook Graffiti onthechapelwallsshow werethat they nottheonlyonesincharge areminderChapel window facesSEnotEto –perhaps to Jerusalem thePope andhispriests in thesouthwallking’s wasareminder ofhow wealthy quarters were theNormans Fireplace andsink(water would have comeout ofthelion’s mouthontheoutsideofwall) the way tokeep where thetop floorofthe itwasprobably enclosedwithina room ofits own Well wasthefirstthing to have beenbuiltandisaroundIt 40mdeep.would have stretched all reminding thoughtofthem! themwhattheNormans Waste would have comedown theCastle’s west wallwhere theSaxons lived, perhaps Garderobes –communaltoilets sopeoplecould ‘do theirbusiness’ andbe ‘privy to information’. thoughts are thatfood here microwave! wasre-heated before –aMedieval beingserved usualinacastle–food outsideinthebailey,Kitchen usuallycooked thenbrought inside–so of who’s inpower now feudal system) androyal huntingscenes(William’s hated huntinglaws) –to remind theSaxons (reminder ofthe knight wereadragon,aneagle,believed they Romans), akneeling thenext show symbolsofwealth andpower doorway –Pegasus, theclassicalwingedhorse(Normans Bigod Arch istheoriginal entranceto theroyal hallinthekeep. onthe The elaborate carvings , South WallSouth photographs , West Wall 1 , 2 and , 3 King’s Apartment , King’s sink , King’s fireplace , 25 • • • • i) ofthewholesiteThe eitherlocallyornationally, importance asappropriate • • • • • AHS: • • • • • • • • • Collections areCollections designated asbeingnationallysignificant andincludearchaeology, fine from 1894 gallery Norfolk’s museumandart principal secular(non-religious) buildingsin Europe Norman One ofthefinestsurviving for landmark over 900years Norwich Norwich Castle Keep notes by Castle Keep Norwich TA Heslop 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack From Prison to Museum Castles andtheAnglo-Norman World magazine/issue/september-2015 2015( Sept magazine article BBC History represent whichcollectively developmentcity amillenniumofurban in2006–oneof12buildingswithinthe 12by HEART Named asoneoftheNorwich Teapotskind inthe world –witharound 3,00examples, isthefinestofits thecollection many piecesmadeto order withcustomers’ andinscribed names isLowestoftjewellery, glass, important Porcelain, costumeandtextiles. Most 1757-1800, silver, andmanufacture, role nationallyimportant indecorative arts important ceramics, wasEngland’s Norwich untillate 18thCentury, secondcity Decorative played Arts: an Cotman oneofBritain’s outstandingwater colourists Crome talented landscape artists, landscapepainter, Norfolk ofArtists: School Norwich speciesfound inBritain every hasexamplesofnearly theBird Gallery Natural History: oneofthebestinregion collection Anglo-Saxon bathing, water supplies, shops, medicine, sewers andentertainment life tells how influencedBritish theRomans through gallery Roman roads, towns, coins displays Celtic treasures suchastorcs worn assymbolsofpower) (neckrings andsilver and beattheRomans woman nearly ofhow oneNorfolk tells thestory gallery Boudica presented to George theCastle in1928by King V Hor, isthemummy ofAnkh of agranary. Oneofthemoststunning artefacts whichwas andincludesrare exhibitssuchasaclay model visited the19thCentury Egypt during 4,500 years ago. These were donated from ofwealthy travellers collections who Norfolk from ancientEgyptian displays tombs, many 2,500- artefacts between Egyptian gallery andgeology naturalhistory and decorative arts, ) http://www.historyextra.com/bbc-history- Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • • • • OTHER OF CASTLES THE PERIOD • • • • DIFFERENCES • Inside • • • • • • • Outside CASTLEANDNORMAN CASTLESINGENERAL NORWICH SIMILARITIES BETWEEN j) ofthesiteThe basedonacomparison typicality withothersimilarsites houses rather than military strongholds. houses ratherthan military Smaller castlescontinuedto bebuiltbutthese wereprison. more prestigious country the role were ofsome castles, suchasColchester reduced to andNorwich, beinga their defensive role were declinedasthey unableto resist attackby cannon.Instead Atceased to thesametime visitthelarger castlessuch asColchester andNorwich. Ages therole theMiddle ofthecastlebegan toDuring change. Graduallytheking were rebuilt instone his power oftimethesetimber castles to a period thesurrounding population.Over protected thebaron from attachedby his enemies andwere ameansofdemonstrating barons,built by powerful usuallywiththeagreement oftheking. These castlesboth As thesestone castlesinEnglandwere inNormandy accompaniedby timbercastles anddispensejustice subjects receive hispowerful of William Rufus(1087-11). castleswereThese could early alsopalaceswhere theking andRochester where thereignSlightly later beganduring work indate are Norwich and London, as the thelater now known White Tower Elsewhere the1070s during William ordered thebuildingofstone castlesatColchester across theEnglishChannel whichwere(Kent) allbuiltto protect William’s strategic withNormandy connection deter attempts atlocalrebellion –Pevensey (Sussex),Hastings(Sussex)andDover Conquest castleswere theNorman after Immediately builtatanumberofplacesto Prison buildingsand istheclosestbutnotasdecorativeNormandy asNorwich Built asaroyal -Falaise asothercastlesoftheperiod palacesonotasgrim andstark in outletsbutthefiresmoke inthecentre oftheGreat Halldidn’t have anoutlet fireplaces asothercastles asthetwo intheouter or wallshadchimneys Not assmoky nothaveDoes agrea cramped, noisy,Dark, smelly, smoky A moatanddraw oryardBailey atbottom ofmotte Small, narrow windows for shootingarrows archedCurved, doorways Large, stone buildingblocksandthickwalls A bigstone keep ormo Motte und bridge a courtroom builtaround theCastlea courtroom in1822 t tower CONTINUED... 26 • CONTINUED... j) ofthesiteThe basedonacomparison typicality withothersimilarsites • • • DIFFERENCES (possible!) • SIMILARITIES COUNTY MUSEUMS GALLERY MUSEUMANDART CASTLE ANDOTHER NORWICH BETWEEN SIMILARITIES o AHS: • • DIFFERENCES • • • • PRISONANDPENTONVILLE CASTLE NORWICH PRISON BETWEEN SIMILARITIES o o AHS: o o o result. Others suchasRochester fellresult. gradually Others into ruin,losingtheirroofs andfloors and, insomecases, were (notNorwich) purpose badlydamagedasa amilitary served the17thcentury, atthetimeofEnglishCivil In War, somecastlesinEngland briefly Nationally significant collections buildingsandcourtroom prison 19th Century keep Norman andart onthecounty’s natural history history, Galleries artefacts, Evans Picture Library Mary Book andPunishmentCrime Through Time SHPStudent Textbook and Teachers’ Resource and exercises services was builtin1842. cellsfor –onlyleft religious apart The separate prisoners system kept until 1850whereas Pentonville wasdesigned for theseparate system from when it used thesilentsystem (where aren’t prisoners Norwich allowed to speakto eachother) withcellsandanexercise oftheprison yard part insidethe keep Castle keep Norwich Hard labourfor prisoners, e.g. treadmill, thecrank picking, oakum Different blocks for differentprisoners, typesof e.g.criminal, debtors Exercise yards cellblocks inbetween Gaolers’ to oversee houseinthemiddleofprison andinspire hisprisoners traditions andcharacters. and have upto promote andexplore linked commoncultures, ourshared history represent sites EastEnglandandNormandy inSouth Norman connections Norman key For more information onsimilarsites, visit notes by Castle Keep Norwich TA Heslop in1894. as wasthecaseatColchester in1860andNorwich such asCaen from 1718andDover from 1744.Finally, somecastlesbecamemuseums, becoming covered garrisons, invegetation. castleswere Some usedto housemilitary by IanDawson (copyright), reproduced ofHodderEducation by and permission http://www.normanconnections.com/en/ Teachers’ Guide

. © OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • GAOL, 1345-1822 o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • • CASTLE/ROYAL PALACE, 1067-1345 k) o o o o o o looking after looking was noheating andthere were were ratswhichshows noonethought suspects worth and majorcrimes, debtors, etc.), basic, the food flooding took place, wasvery there washeldtogether (men,women, children, ofminor horrendous aseveryone suspects hadto –food, pay Suspects for bedding, everything clothes, etc. –butconditions were Place where were suspects held before trials Guidebook pages4-9 graphic Castle panel4 Keep Norwich information Realms Medieval Life inaCastle panel1 CastlesKings, andPower graphic panel Digging upthepastgraphic panel alsoheldpower thatthey and hispriests inEngland religious wanted couldshow capitalofJerusalem to thattheNormans remind thePope Chapel altarfacesSEtowards thepoliticalcapitalLondon andnotdeadEtowards the King’s hewas half oftheCastle show how important apartments tomeetings asthetoilets ward wereevil spirits off communal!Daisywheelcarving moths wouldn’t repels gonear theirtoilets (ammoniainurine them)andalsoheld Garderobes that ortoilets were where knew hungtheirclothesasthey theNormans food usedto warm upbeforekitchen musiciansplayed itwasserved, messagesand food, to carry Great Hallhosted usedfightinggallery feasts, servants soldiers incaseofrebellion alsoneededsomewhereNormans to hisconstableand accommodate theking, were believed they asthey bigempire andcivilisation thenext carvings) drewNormans onarchitecture (Bigodarches, andimagesofAncientRome classical power: builttheCastle asaroyalNormans palaceto remind theSaxons of theirwealth and periods ofhistory What thesite reveals abouteveryday life, attitudes andvalues inparticular • • • • off their wealth but were alsoborrowing fromRomans the on thesideofbuildingwasconsidered wanted wasteful to butNormans show Water from from asinkandsmoke afireplace facingthe French quarter! Fireplace faeces comingdown thesideofCastle facingtheSaxon quarter! wasallowed to hunt) the king (how to andhuntingscenes(only greet kneeling aking) showing a knight carvings brought over limestone from Caen to show theirwealth andpower and panel 2 and panel 3 27 AHS: • • o o o o o o o o AHS: • • • • • • • PRISON, 1822-1888 o o o o o o o o o o o o John Howard’sJohn conditions highlighted the terrible 1777report thought hangings were entertainment good ideaandwould deter peoplefrom andwhichshows people committingcrimes crowds ofthousandswhichshows thegovernment thoughtcapitalpunishmentwasa Punishment for washanging lotsofcrimes whichwasdoneoutsideofthe Castle to William Wilkins’ graphic Gaol panel gaolcellphotographReplica Prison dailylife Stories graphic panel BloomfieldRush’sJames execution report BloomfieldRushgraphicJames panel Chapel record book Sentence for prisoners Calendar ofprisoners walls withasimplestone slabwiththeperson’s initialsandyear ofexecution onit noonepaidto release If amurderer’s hangedbody, withintheCastle itwasburied Hangings thelaw publicuntil1867asexecutions peopleinto keeping did notterrify the gaolerbelieved inrehabilitation whichdemonstrates that ofskill toteach read theprisoners andsomekind andwrite to have wasthefirstprison aschoolmaster Shop wastheschoolroomto asNorwich work unnecessary punishedwithhardDungeon –prisoners labourandboring, repetitive andsometimes Treadmill thewater system to orturn andexampleofhand crankin grind corn silent –theSilentSystem) stayed– prisoners intheircells to were (whenthey work withothers, hadto they stay employed Basementshows thattheprison theSeparate cellinKeep System Replica From 1820s, becameapunishment–hanging prison wasonlyfor murder andtreason withthecourtroom prison the and beasource spiralstaircase ofinspirationto hisprisoners; andtunnellinking with cellblocksandexercise yards radiatingoutfrom itsohecould ‘oversee’ theprison –gaoler’s management andtrials systems ofprison houseinthemiddle up-to-date wereanother setofbuildingsandacourtroom themost erected in1822incorporating buildingsbuiltin1792butwere prison New too smallsothosewere demolishedand andInformation andPrison Gaol Images Norwich HowardJohn andPrison Reform graphic panel Teachers’ Guide CONTINUED...

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle [email protected]. you haveIf any questions ontheabove, Jenni pleasecontact Williams on 01603494898or GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History • • • • • • l) o o AHS: • • MUSEUM, 1887-present k) o o Where wasitbuilt? Where wasitchanged? Where didthepeoplecomefrom whousedit? build/change? How wasitbuilt?How wasitchanged?How wasitused?How muchdiditcostto Why wasitbuilt? Why wasitchanged? Why wasitused? When wasitbuilt? When wasitchanged? When wasitused? What isit? What changeshasitseen? What wasitusedfor? Who builtit? Who changedit? Who usedit? historians frame theseasvalid historical enquiries How thephysical remains may prompt questionsaboutthepastandhow 12 Norwich Teachers’ Resource Pack From Prison to Museum themuseumis important Won fundfor £12mfrom Lottery Heritage refurbishment in2001whichshows how finds, porcelain, books, mineralsandgeological specimens FitchFitch ofRobert displays whodonated Room thecollections Saxon andRoman wereVictorians great andwanted collectors to show otherstheircuriosities, e.g. the periods ofhistory What thesite reveals abouteveryday life, attitudes andvalues inparticular 28 • • • • m) • • • Challenges: • • • Benefits: n) • • • • • • • • • Life inaCastle graphic panels1-3inKeep image aerial Castle Medieval Norwich drawings Castle Interior Norwich collection Castle imagesfrom ourart Norwich interpretations ofthesite How thephysical reconstructions remains andother caninform artistic Lack of written sourcesLack ofwritten Different interpretations ofthesamesite Difficult tointerpret due tolackof sources evidence and way to engagewithhistory Stimulating andlife-enhancing distinctiveness ofpeople to aplace, andenhancesaconnection suchas Defines regional andlocal Gives asenseofplace, well-being andculturalidentity The challengesandbenefitsofstudyingthehistoric environment Keep Basement in ofthe Castle asaprison Animated filmofthehistory Basement buildinginKeep modelof1822prison Exterior Basement Castle inKeep Animated atNorwich interpretation ofamessengerarriving Balcony Keep castleson Connections Animated oftheNorman andinteriors interpretations ofexteriors Basement inKeep andbaileys keep ofexterior Model Feastthe ChapelandChristmas of1121 King, atthe Castle,Animated preparing filmsofarriving visitingthe for a feast, theQueenin Animated filmoftravelling from theoutsideof Castle into theGreat Hall Keep Castle in Animated filmoflife inNorwich Castle inKeep of1121Norwich andexterior) model(interior Scale Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle Admissions andpayment Please bookyour visitinadvance. Bookings school. museum isopento thepublic. Tell deskthatyou’re theticket ateacher, andthenameofyour Pre-visits for teachers are FREE. You don’t justcomealongany needto timethe pre-book We Castle strongly before recommend thatteachers visitNorwich bringing aschoolparty. Pre-visits • • • • Planning your visit Organising School Visits Castle to Norwich Appendix Assessment 4–Contact DetailsandRisk GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History Payment transfer by journal thevisit. after Workshops andevens -charges apply visits -free Pupils andaccompanying adultsonself-led for children to visitinsmallgroups. The museum isopen–10amto 4.30pm. Once your plannedactivities leave lunchspacescleanandtidy. We canusuallyprovide https://www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk/norwich-castle/learning/key-stage-4 assessmentsonourwebsite:you risk write You canfinddetailsofour

Museum Shop

[email protected] has a good range of pocket money-priced souvenirs. money-priced Please hasagoodrangeofpocket arrange areas for lunch offers for schools are over you are welcome to stay onsite whilethe

. Please ask when booking your visitandplease . Please askwhenbooking

cheque payable to Council”. County “Norfolk Payment ontheday by cash,credit card or Workshops andevents free -charges apply - visits self-led of adults Accompanying Pupils onself-ledvisits-£2.40 , trails, resources andinformation to help |01603493636 29 Access result inacancellationfee. pleasegive you needto cancelyour If booking Cancellation policy • The group leader during your andexpectations Responsibilities visit • • • • arrivalOn please calluson01603493636. timeisdelayed inanevent andyour orworkshop for arrival any part you reason areIf taking Running late? for carsandminibuseswheelchairsto borrow.parking to evacuate inanemergency. We includingdisabledaccess offer services helpwithvarious difficulties you willneedto visitthemuseumbefore andtalkthrough thetrip withstaffhow hasmobility We asinclusive anybody aspossible. ouractivities inyour aimto If party make space Assessment andonroles Information), andresponsibilities (see below). students andadulthelpers briefing You willthenbedirected to your inside. adults inthegroup. will meetyou andaskthegroup leaderto sign thenumberofpupilsand inandconfirm staff directlyto theinformationPlease deskatthemainentrancewhere report amemberof pathandsteps to walkalongapedestrian themuseumentrance. short There isalsoalift. Ask your coachdriver to and taken to your andtaken hasresponsibility for adulthelpersandfor: NB. The museum opensat10am.Before thenthere isnowhere to wait

drop you off/pick you up first activity

drop offspace for coats andbags before thevisit .

21 days noticeinwriting on health and safety (see Risk onhealthand safety (see Risk onCastle Meadow. There isthena

. Failure to dosomay , shown your Teachers’ Guide

lunch © OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk/learning Learning Museums Norwich Team Thank you. We hopeyou enjoy your visit. visit went. We’re alsohappy to receive children’s andphotographs. work We willpostyou form anevaluation to complete andwelcome your commentsonhow the After your visit waiting for you onCastle Meadow. there’s If adelay you’ll thenbeableto waitinthemuseum. When you are ready to leave, we recommend you phoneyour driverto checkthecoachis themuseum Departing museum, itscontents andother museumvisitors. Students • • • Adult helpers • • All visitingteachers GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History the register any missingpersonto andreporting museumstaff. be responsible, theirgroup for incaseofevacuation, to fire escorting assemblypoint,taking stay withtheirgroup atalltimes, breaks especiallyduring andlunchtimes. assist theteachers whoare responsible for pupils’ behaviour sole responsibility for thewelfare breaks oftheirpupilsduring andlunchtimes. their pupils’ behaviour throughout thevisitincludingledsessionsandbreaks are to expected have aresponsible attitudeandshow regard for ofthe thefabric are to: expected have responsibility for: 30 Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle provide First Aidtreatment publicopeninghours. during All NMAS have Museums trainedmembersofstaffableto First Aid other visitors. attitude andshow regard for themuseum,itscontents and Children /young people any ofdownduring time. periods andhave soleresponsibility young peopleintheirparty Teachers andbehaviour Supervision GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History Norwich Castle,Norwich Strangers’ at theBridewell HallandMuseumofNorwich Assessment InformationRisk for School Visits are responsible for thebehaviour ofpupilsand are to expected have aresponsible Book. canbeenteredmember ofstaffsothatthey intheAccident any yourPlease accidentsorincidentsduring visitto report a each incident. giving detailsofcircumstances andany sustainedfor injuries FirstMuseum Aidershave to complete anAccident Report To aFirst contact Aiderpleaseaskamemberofmuseumstaff. point. Use themuseumreception deskasrendezvous to bereunitedwill arrange withtheirteacher. to amemberofmuseumstaffwho themselves known make Any childwhobecomesseparated from theirgroup should carefully. Group leadersto stay withgroup atalltimesandto supervise 31 • • • • procedures. accompanying Brief teachers andadulthelpersonFirst Aid what to becomeseparated doifthey from group. shouldbehave,they to stay withtheirgroup leadersand children/young Brief peoplebefore thevisitoutlininghow maps andcopiesofany timetablesfor theday. Ensure allgroup leaders(andolderstudents)have site ofthemonthevisit. outlining whatisexpected Before allaccompanying brief teachers thetrip andadults Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 History Around Us Norwich Castle nearest fire exit. staffwilldirect visitorsvisitors Museum to ofanevacuation. staffand willsoundto alert An announcementoralarm Fire andEvacuation GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project) History B(Schools GCSE (9–1)History Norwich Castle,Norwich Strangers’ at theBridewell HallandMuseumofNorwich Assessment InformationRisk for School Visits by your group leader. group difficultiespleasefollow given hasmobility instructions you pleasedonotuseanyevacuation oranyone lifts. If inyour Council County standards.conform an to Norfolk In All NMAS sites have robust procedures evacuation that jackets. to museumstaffwearing high-visibility Group register leadersto any take missingpeople andreport to designated fire assemblypoint. Group leadersto accompany theirgroups vianearest fire exit 32 2. 1. at theBridewellMuseum ofNorwich only 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Castle only Norwich difficulties: you inthegroupIf hasmobility oranybody • • on ground floorlevel. transfer willneedto remain by teachers into anevac-chair Any personwhocannotselftransfer orhave assisted areassistance inevacuation) allowed above ground floor. wheelchairusers(whowouldOnly two needsignificant should doincaseoffireevacuation. and child(ren)Brief andadultsbefore thevisitaboutwhatthey include inyour assessment. schoolrisk before thevisitto complete planto apersonalevacuation on01603493636 co-ordinator ourbookings contact to awheelchairuserwould useeducation room, like If cannotaccessthebalconyevacuation intheKeep. Wheelchair userswhowould needassistancewith areassistance inevacuation) allowed above ground floor. Only three wheelchairusers(whowould needsignificant evacuate visitto talkto staffandconsiderhow apre-trip to Make there andto isanevacuation follow carefully. instructions Tell children before to stay withtheirgroup arrival leaderif briefing. at thepre-trip Cover fireevacuation and role of group leaderprocedure Teachers’ Guide

© OCR 2018 The small print www.ocr.org.uk/i-want-to/find-resources/ for your qualification: There isnow aquickandeasysearch tool to helpfind forLooking aresource? [email protected] resources ofourqualifications: we delivery offer to support Please getintouch ifyou of wantto discusstheaccessibility andare reproduced permission. withtheir kind Service Museums The imageswithinthisguidehave beenprovided by Norfolk Square down andSquare up:alexwhite/Shutterstock.com. theuseoffollowingOCR acknowledges content: astheoriginator ofthiswork. acknowledged remain andOCRis the OCRlogoandthissmallprint intact This resource may befreely copiedanddistributed, aslong OCR website to ensure you have themostupto date version. We update ourresources onaregular basis, sopleasecheckthe responsible for any errors oromissionswithintheseresources. ofthecontent,to OCRcannotbeheld ensure theaccuracy method thatisrequired by ismade OCR. effort Whilst every specifications, butinnoway constitute anendorsedteaching OCR’s resources are theteaching provided ofOCR to support OCR Resources: found here: do so, pleasecomplete theExpression ofInterest Form whichcanbe you donotcurrently offerIf to thisOCRqualificationbutwould like ‘Send’. Thank you. up pleaseaddadditionalcommentsifyou wishandthenjustclick that ourresources for work you. When theemailtemplate pops onthe clicking ‘Like’ or ‘Dislike’ button you canhelpusto ensure We’d your ontheresources view to know like we produce. By www.ocr.org.uk/expression-of-interest the smallprint free resources

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