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British Virgin Islands BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS Integration of Disaster Risk Management into the Development Agenda A BEST PRACTICE CASE STUDY Prepared for The Caribbean Risk Management Initiative By ESL Management Solutions Ltd Kingston, Jamaica 2005 FFIINNAALL RREEPPOORRTT 1 FOREWORD Several significant events related to disaster risk reduction and the planning process have occurred globally during the compilation of this case study. The tsunami in southern and southeastern Asia in December 2004, underscored natural hazard risk to coastal developments and island environments; The World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) held in Kobe Japan (January 2005) sought to move the Disaster Reduction Agenda forward. Unprecedented levels of hurricane activity have highlighted vulnerability of small and large states, and earthquakes have triggered significant loss of life and property. The strategy document emanating from the conference, entitled The Hyogo Framework for Action, resolves to pursue “the substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives and in the social, economic and environmental assets of communities and countries” by 2015. The Framework outlines three strategic goals to achieve this: • More effective integration of disaster risk into sustainable development policies, planning and programming at all levels, with a special emphasis on disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness and vulnerability reduction; • Development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities at all levels, in particular at the community level, that can contribute to building hazard resilience; and • Incorporation of risk reduction approaches into emergency preparedness, response and recovery programmes in the reconstruction of affected communities. The Caribbean Disaster Response Agency (CDERA) presented a Strategic Framework document for the period 2005-2015 which identified activities and targets to link the WCDR Agenda with the provisions of the Caribbean Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Strategy adopted by CARICOM in 2001. The 2005 hurricane season has set records in timing, number and impact of events. The forecast for the season has been exceeded and for the first time on record named storms have exhausted the Roman alphabet and the Greek alphabet has had to be used. The impact and outcome of Katrina on the Gulf coast of the United States of America (September 2005) has sent shock waves throughout the world. Experiences within the Caribbean and elsewhere have underscored the imperative for a paradigm shift in approaches to disaster management, and the paradigm presented in this study offers recommendations for consideration by Small Island Developing States in particular. The British Virgin Islands (BVI) has developed its National Disaster Organisation in a targeted manner, has developed and implemented procedures for risk identification, and preparedness and response, and has enacted legislation and policy. Development of the BVI’s Disaster management agenda provides lessons on the value of strong visionary leadership, building institutional and human resource capacity, and enacting an appropriate policy and legislative framework. 2 We thank the members of the project team, Eleanor Jones, lead consultant, Ivan Alert, Monica Williams and Aedan Earle who contributed their professional expertise to the execution of the study. We thank especially Governor Thomas Macan, Deputy Governor Mrs. Dancia Penn, Financial Secretary Glenroy Forbes, Ms. Sharleen daBreo, Disaster Coordinator, Mr. Elton Georges, retired Deputy Governor, and the many leaders in the public, private and civil sectors who willingly shared knowledge, insights and experiences. To the UNDP we say congratulations on commissioning this study, which we hope will add to the body of knowledge supporting the urgency for disaster risk reduction strategies in the Caribbean and other Small island Developing States. Eleanor B. Jones ESL Management Solutions Ltd Kingston, Jamaica September 2005. 3 MAP of the BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................2 ACRONYMS.........................................................................................................9 PART I INTRODUCTION.................................................................................10 1.0 THE REPORT .................................................................................................... 10 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................ 10 Disaster Risk Reduction/Disaster Reduction (DR)....................................................... 10 Disaster Risk Management ........................................................................................... 11 Integration – What Does It Mean?................................................................................ 12 Development Agenda.................................................................................................... 13 Climate Change Adaptation.......................................................................................... 13 Caribbean Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation ................................... 13 3.0 SUMMARY TERMS OF REFERENCE........................................................ 14 4.0 THE APPROACH ............................................................................................. 15 PART II THE PARADIGM FOR INTEGRATING RISK MANAGEMENT INTO ............................................................................................................................18 THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA........................................................................18 5.0 THE PARADIGM............................................................................................... 18 5.1 Disaster Management Information ................................................................... 18 5.2 Prevention/Mitigation......................................................................................... 18 5.3 Preparedness ....................................................................................................... 18 5.4 Integration ........................................................................................................... 19 5.5 Mainstreaming .................................................................................................... 19 5.6 The Caribbean Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Strategy and Results Framework......................................................................................................... 19 5.7 Summary.............................................................................................................. 21 PART III - THE CASE OF THE BVI....................................................................23 5 6.0 DEVELOPING THE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AGENDA IN THE BVI – MILESTONES..................................................................................................... 23 Early Years.................................................................................................................... 23 National Emergency Organisation................................................................................ 24 Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM)............................................................. 24 Policy and Planning ...................................................................................................... 25 7.0 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS...............................................................................27 Hazard Vulnerability and the Natural Environment ..................................................... 27 Settlement Patterns........................................................................................................ 28 Environment and Sustainable Development................................................................. 29 Socio-political Setting................................................................................................... 31 Policies.......................................................................................................................... 31 Governance ................................................................................................................... 33 Agencies and Disaster Management............................................................................. 33 Economic Base.............................................................................................................. 36 8 .0 SIGNIFICANT CATALYSTS.......................................................................... 38 Natural Hazard Events .................................................................................................. 38 Leadership, Vision and Political Support ..................................................................... 39 Communication and Public Awareness ........................................................................ 40 Finance.......................................................................................................................... 40 9.0 BEST PRACTICES ........................................................................................... 40 Legislative and Regulatory Framework........................................................................ 40 Disaster Management Act............................................................................................
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