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Statistics on Water in Mexico 2008 Edition 2008 Edition Statistics on Water in Mexico in Mexico Statistics on Water Statistics on Water in Mexico 2008 edition 2008 edition Statistics on Water in Mexico in Mexico Statistics on Water www.conagua.gob.mx Statistics on Water in Mexico 2008 edition www.conagua.gob.mx Acknowledgements Various areas of the National Water Commission of Mexico took part in the preparation of this document, as well as the institutions that make up the Thematic Water Group of the Statistics and Geographical Information Technical Committee of the Environment and Natural Resources Sector. Special thanks go to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, the Ministry of Health, the National Institute of Ecology and the Federal Commission for Electricity. Disclaimer The unaltered reproduction of the material contained in this publication is authorized, for non-profit motives and quoting the source. Title Statistics on Water in Mexico 2008 ISBN 978-968-817-896-6 First edition 2008 Author National Water Commission of Mexico Insurgentes Sur No. 2416 Col. Copilco el Bajo C.P. 04340, Coyoacan, Mexico City, D.F. Mexico www.conagua.gob.mx Editor Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources Boulevard Adolfo Ruiz Cortines No. 4209 Col. Jardines de la Montaña C.P. 14210, Tlalpan, Mexico City, D.F. Mexico Printed in Mexico Distributed free of charge. Not for sale The use of this publication is forbidden for purposes other than that of social development Contact us Your opinion and feedback are very important to us. Contact us through the Deputy Director General’s Office for Planning. E-mail: [email protected]. Telephone: (55) 5174 4000. Photo credits Capt. Ricardo Garrido Dr. Manuel Maass The photograph on the cover is Tlaloc, the god of rain and fertility, courtesy of the Museum of Anthropology and History, INAH. National Water Commission of Mexico Director General’s Office Coordination of Advisors to the Director General Deputy Director General’s Office for Administration Deputy Director General’s Office for Water Management Deputy Director General’s Office for Drinking Water, Sewerage, and Sanitation Deputy Director General’s Office for Hydro-agricultural Infrastructure Deputy Director General’s Office for Legal Affairs Deputy Director General’s Office for Planning Deputy Director General’s Office for Technical Affairs General Coordination for Attention to Emergencies and River Basin Councils General Coordination for Institutional Attention, Communication, and Water Culture General Coordination for Fiscal Revision and Payments General Coordination of the National Meteorological Service Internal Control Agency 3 Introduction In Mexico, the management and preservation of we present information on the geographical and water resources is a complex task that requires the col- socio-economic context of the country and the way laborative work of several federal, state and municipal in which water occurs and is used. Similarly, informa- dependencies, as well as society at large. To achieve tion is included on the index and degree of poverty, this task, these stakeholders must have at their dis- precipitation, runoff, aquifer recharge, meteorological posal information that is reliable, up-to-date and phenomena and water quality. In the theme of water appropriate on all aspects related with water manage- infrastructure we include storage dams, aqueducts, ment, from variables related to the components of the water purification plants and wastewater treatment hydrologic cycle to the socio-economic aspects that plants, amongst others. In the same way, the tools affect the use of water. that exist in Mexico to carry out a better manage- In this context, the National Water Commission ment of water resources are mentioned. Additionally, of Mexico has been promoting the dissemination of information is provided on the relationship between statistical information on water since 1999, through water and the themes of health and the environment, the Basic Compendium of Water in Mexico and up to while offering an overview up to 2030 and the aspects today with the 2008 edition of “Statistics on Water in related with water planning. Finally, several indicators Mexico”, in which we aim to present the reader with are compared which allow us to place the information a clear and up-do-date overview of the situation as on Mexico into context with other countries. regards water in Mexico, comparing this situation to In addition to the printed version of this docu- other countries in the world. This document has been ment, an interactive compact disk has been prepared, produced as part of the National Information System which includes more detailed information for those on Water Quantity, Quality, Uses and Conservation interested in going deeper into the themes and data (SINA in Spanish), which is made up of information presented, as well as the digital information files. provided by the various institutions and organizations We are sure that the publication we are presenting that take part in the management and preservation of will be of interest and use, and will without doubt con- water. tribute to enhancing the appreciation of the situation One of the aims of the 2007-2012 National Water as regards water in Mexico, supporting the raising of Program is to improve the technical, administrative awareness on the responsible use and fair payment for and financial development of the water sector. One of water, a vital resources for life and our nation’s eco- the strategies to achieve this is through the strategic nomic development, as well as for the preservation of information system and indicators of the water sec- the environment. tor, for which the goal has been stated of designing and implementing the SINA 100% by 2012. It is in this framework that the present document has been Director General´s Office of the National Water produced. Commission of Mexico The document includes eight chapters, in which Mexico City, September 2008. 4 Contents Introduction 4 5. Water Management Tools 93 5.1 Institutions Related with Water in Mexico 94 Contents 5 5.2 Legal Framework for the Use of the Nation’s Water 96 1. Geographical and Socio-Economic Context 7 5.3 Economy and Water Finances 100 1.1 Geographical and Demographic Aspects 8 5.4 Participation Mechanisms 111 1.2 Population Centers 10 5.5 Water-Related Standards 118 1.3 Economic Indicators 11 1.4 Index and Degree of Poverty 12 6 Water, Health and the Environment 123 1.5 The Hydrological-Administrative 6.1 Water and Health 124 Regions for Water Management 14 6.2 Vegetation 127 1.6 Regional Contrast between Development 6.3 Biodiversity 128 and the Availability of Water 15 6.4 Wetlands 130 1.7 Summary of Data by Hydrological- Administrative Region and State 16 7. Future Scenarios 133 7.1 Growth Trends 134 2. State of Water Resources 21 7.2 National Development Plan 2007-2012 140 2.1 Mexico’s Catchments and Aquifers 22 7.3 National Water Program 2007-2012 140 2.2 Mean Natural Availability of Water 24 2.3 Meteorological Phenomena 30 8. Water in the World 143 2.4 Surface Water 35 8.1 Socio-Economic and Demographic Aspects 144 2.5 Groundwater 42 8.2 Components of the Hydrologic Cycle 2.6 Water Quality 44 in the World 146 8.3 Uses of Water and Infrastructure 152 3. Uses of Water 53 3.1 Classification of the Uses of Water 54 Annexes 165 3.2 Distribution of the Uses throughout Mexico 54 Annex A. Data by Hydrological-Administrative Region 166 3.3 Agricultural Use 59 Annex B. Data by State 179 3.4 Use for Public Water Supply 59 Annex C. Characteristics of the Hydrological Regions 211 3.5 Use in Self-Supplying Industry 59 Annex D. List of Over-exploited Aquifers 212 3.6 Use in Thermoelectric Plants 59 Annex E. Characteristics of the Technical Groundwater 3.7 Use in Hydropower Plants 60 Committees (COTAS) 215 3.8 Water Stress 61 Annex F. Bibliography for the Production of Statistics 3.9 Virtual Water in Mexico 63 on Water in Mexico 2008 218 Annex G. Glossary 220 4. Hydraulic Infrastructure 65 Annex H. Abbreviations and Acronyms 225 4.1 Mexico’s Hydraulic Infrastructure 66 Annex l. Units of Measurement 226 4.2 Mexico’s Main Dams 66 Annex J. Analytical Index 227 4.3 Hydro-Agricultural Infrastructure 71 4.4 Drinking Water and Sanitation Infrastructure 78 4.5 Water Treatment and Reuse 86 4.6 Emergency Attention 92 5 Chapter 1 Geographical and Socio-Economic Context Given that catchments or river basins are the basic units of water resources management, the country has been divided into 13 Hydrological-Administrative Regions with the aim of organizing the management and preservation of the nation’s water. In this first chapter, it may be appreciated that Mex- ico has a substantial territorial extension and a great length of coasts; furthermore, it has gone through an accelerated population growth in recent years, which has seen the population go from being predominantly rural to mainly urban. Economic and social inequalities are presented, as well as inequalities in availability of water resources. Additionally, new concepts such as the index and degree of poverty are presented. 7 1 Geographical and Socio-Economic Context 1.1 Geographical and demographic aspects Mexico covers a total area of 1 964 375 km², of which Mexico is made up of 31 states and a Federal District 1 959 248 km² is the mainland area and 5 127 km² are (known as the D.F. in Spanish), which can be further islands. Additionally, the Exclusive Economic Zone of broken down into 2 449 municipalities and 16 delega- territorial sea, covering 3 149 920 km² should be added tions of the D.F. respectively. to this area. As a result, the country’s overall surface area Between 1950 and 2005, the country’s population is 5 114 295 km².
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