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An Excursus on the Subtle Body in Tantric Buddhism. Notes
THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUDDHIST STUDIES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF A. K. Narain University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA EDITORS L. M.Joshi Ernst Steinkellner Punjabi University University of Vienna Patiala, India Wien, Austria Alexander W. Macdonald Jikido Takasaki Universite de Paris X University of Tokyo Nanterre, France Tokyo, fapan Bardwell Smith Robert Thurman Carleton College Amherst College Northfield, Minnesota, USA Amherst, Massachusetts, USA ASSISTANT EDITOR Roger Jackson FJRN->' Volume 6 1983 Number 2 CONTENTS I. ARTICLES A reconstruction of the Madhyamakdvatdra's Analysis of the Person, by Peter G. Fenner. 7 Cittaprakrti and Ayonisomanaskdra in the Ratnagolravi- bhdga: Precedent for the Hsin-Nien Distinction of The Awakening of Faith, by William Grosnick 35 An Excursus on the Subtle Body in Tantric Buddhism (Notes Contextualizing the Kalacakra)1, by Geshe Lhundup Sopa 48 Socio-Cultural Aspects of Theravada Buddhism in Ne pal, by Ramesh Chandra Tewari 67 The Yuktisas(ikakdrikd of Nagarjuna, by Fernando Tola and Carmen Dragonetti 94 The "Suicide" Problem in the Pali Canon, by Martin G. Wiltshire \ 24 II. BOOK REVIEWS 1. Buddhist and Western Philosophy, edited by Nathan Katz 141 2. A Meditators Diary, by Jane Hamilton-Merritt 144 3. The Roof Tile ofTempyo, by Yasushi Inoue 146 4. Les royaumes de I'Himalaya, histoire et civilisation: le La- dakh, le Bhoutan, le Sikkirn, le Nepal, under the direc tion of Alexander W. Macdonald 147 5. Wings of the White Crane: Poems of Tskangs dbyangs rgya mtsho (1683-1706), translated by G.W. Houston The Rain of Wisdom, translated by the Nalanda Transla tion Committee under the Direction of Chogyam Trungpa Songs of Spiritual Change, by the Seventh Dalai Lama, Gyalwa Kalzang Gyatso 149 III. -
The Nine Yanas
The Nine Yanas By Cortland Dahl In the Nyingma school, the spiritual journey is framed as a progression through nine spiritual approaches, which are typically referred to as "vehicles" or "yanas." The first three yanas include the Buddha’s more accessible teachings, those of the Sutrayana, or Sutra Vehicle. The latter six vehicles contain the teachings of Buddhist tantra and are referred to as the Vajrayana, or Vajra Vehicle. Students of the Nyingma teachings practice these various approaches as a unity. Lower vehicles are not dispensed with in favor of supposedly “higher” teachings, but rather integrated into a more refined and holistic approach to spiritual development. Thus, core teachings like renunciation and compassion are equally important in all nine vehicles, though they may be expressed in more subtle ways. In the Foundational Vehicle, for instance, renunciation involves leaving behind “worldly” activities and taking up the life of a celibate monk or nun, while in the Great Perfection, renunciation means to leave behind all dualistic perception and contrived spiritual effort. Each vehicle contains three distinct components: view, meditation, and conduct. The view refers to a set of philosophical tenets espoused by a particular approach. On a more experiential level, the view prescribes how practitioners of a given vehicle should “see” reality and its relative manifestations. Meditation consists of the practical techniques that allow practitioners to integrate Buddhist principles with their own lives, thus providing a bridge between theory and experience, while conduct spells out the ethical guidelines of each system. The following sections outline the features of each approach. Keep in mind, however, that each vehicle is a world unto itself, with its own unique philosophical views, meditations, and ethical systems. -
And Daemonic Buddhism in India and Tibet
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 The Raven and the Serpent: "The Great All- Pervading R#hula" Daemonic Buddhism in India and Tibet Cameron Bailey Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE RAVEN AND THE SERPENT: “THE GREAT ALL-PERVADING RHULA” AND DMONIC BUDDHISM IN INDIA AND TIBET By CAMERON BAILEY A Thesis submitted to the Department of Religion in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Religion Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2012 Cameron Bailey defended this thesis on April 2, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Bryan Cuevas Professor Directing Thesis Jimmy Yu Committee Member Kathleen Erndl Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my parents iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank, first and foremost, my adviser Dr. Bryan Cuevas who has guided me through the process of writing this thesis, and introduced me to most of the sources used in it. My growth as a scholar is almost entirely due to his influence. I would also like to thank Dr. Jimmy Yu, Dr. Kathleen Erndl, and Dr. Joseph Hellweg. If there is anything worthwhile in this work, it is undoubtedly due to their instruction. I also wish to thank my former undergraduate advisor at Indiana University, Dr. Richard Nance, who inspired me to become a scholar of Buddhism. -
WHY HOLY OBJECTS ARE PRECIOUS and WISH-FULFILLING by Lama Zopa Rinpoche Very Time You Look at Holy Objects – Pictures of the Destroy the World
HOLY OBJECTS and the lotus seat on which Tara sits, but the fine detailed procession all around Kopan Hill. I remember that Lama painting of Tara’s facial features, especially her eyes, was was wearing a ceremonial crown of the five dhyani done by Lama Zopa Rinpoche. Rinpoche was truly able to buddhas. We stopped at various points to chant and make bring Tara alive when he “opened the eyes” of the statue. prayers. Lama explained to everyone that we were showing This was the last step before the actual consecration, during Tara around her new home. Then she was placed in her which Tara was invited to come and reside in the statue. house in front of the gompa. I always thought of her as Connie remembers the consecration: “Two monks watching over and protecting Kopan from there.” And she carrying Tara on their shoulders led everyone in a joyous still does to this day. ama Zopa Rinpoche and Lama Yeshe are pictured here at Borobudur LStupa, Java, Indonesia, in 1979. Peter Kedge remembers the details of this visit to one of the world’s greatest Buddhist pilgrimage sites, dating back to 800 CE. “It was blisteringly hot the day we were there, humid and absolutely the worst conditions for Lama [Lama Yeshe had a heart condition that was especially aggravated by the heat]. But he insisted on circumam - bulating the shrine several times, while prostrating. Rinpoche joined him, but I couldn’t keep up at all and went off and found some shade.” WHY HOLY OBJECTS ARE PRECIOUS AND WISH-FULFILLING By Lama Zopa Rinpoche very time you look at holy objects – pictures of the destroy the world. -
Eight Manifestations of Padmasambhava Essay
Mirrors of the Heart-Mind - Eight Manifestations of Padmasam... http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/Exhibitions/sama/Essays/AM9... Back to Exhibition Index Eight Manifestations of Padmasambhava (Image) Thangka, painting Cotton support with opaque mineral pigments in waterbased (collagen) binder exterior 27.5 x 49.75 inches interior 23.5 x 34.25 inches Ca. 19th century Folk tradition Museum #: 93.011 By Ariana P. Maki 2 June, 1998 Padmasambhava, also known as Guru Rinpoche, Padmakara, or Tsokey Dorje, was the guru predicted by the Buddha Shakyamuni to bring the Buddhist Dharma to Tibet. In the land of Uddiyana, King Indrabhuti had undergone many trials, including the loss of his young son and a widespread famine in his kingdom. The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara felt compassion for the king, and entreated the Buddha Amitabha, pictured directly above Padmasambhava, to help him. From his tongue, Amitabha emanated a light ray into the lake of Kosha, and a lotus grew, upon which sat an eight year old boy. The boy was taken into the kingdom of Uddiyana as the son of King Indrabhuti and named Padmasambhava, or Lotus Born One. Padmasambhava grew up to make realizations about the unsatisfactory nature of existence, which led to his renunciation of both kingdom and family in order to teach the Dharma to those entangled in samsara. Over the years, as he taught, other names were bestowed upon him in specific circumstances to represent his realization of a particular aspect of Buddhism. This thangka depicts Padmasambhava, in a form also called Tsokey Dorje, as a great guru and Buddha in the land of Tibet. -
1. Introduction
1. Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2 ORIGINS OF BUDDHISM .......................................................................................................................2 THE PRACTICE LINEAGES ....................................................................................................................3 The Kagyü Lineage........................................................................................................................3 The Nyingma Lineage.....................................................................................................................5 The Surmang Tradition..................................................................................................................5 VIDYADHARA, THE VENERABLE CHÖGYAM TRUNGPA, RINPOCHE .............................................................6 THE VAJRA REGENT ÖSEL TENDZIN......................................................................................................9 THE SAKYONG, JAMGÖN MIPHAM RINPOCHE .......................................................................................12 RELATED ORGANIZATIONS................................................................................................................14 Nalanda Foundation....................................................................................................................14 Naropa University.......................................................................................................................16 -
Three Classifications of Mahamudra Excerpted from Wild Awakening , Released by Shambhala Publications, 2006
Three Classifications of Mahamudra Excerpted from Wild Awakening , released by Shambhala Publications, 2006 According to the teachings and tradition of Lord Gampopa’s lineage, the three classifications of Mahamudra are Sutra Mahamudra, Mantra Mahamudra and Essence Mahamudra. Sutra Mahamudra is primarily based on the sutra teachings, and mantra Mahamudra is primarily based on the mantra teachings. Essence Mahamudra draws from both sutra and mantra, but is traditionally distinguished as the devotional path based on blessings. Sutra Mahamudra: The Secret Road in the City The general teachings of Mahamudra were presented by Lord Buddha and his followers in such sutras as the Prajnaparamita Sutras or The Discourses on Transcendental Knowledge. These sutras teach primarily “the great emptiness.” The shortest of the Prajnaparamita sutras is the Heart Sutra, which teaches the inseparability of form and emptiness. That sutra, along with the whole collection of Prajnaparamita teachings, comprises one of the bases for Sutra Mahamudra. The teachings on buddha nature are the other basis for Sutra Mahamudra. The buddha nature teachings point out that the nature of our mind, emotions and thoughts is complete wakefulness. That wakefulness is what we call buddhahood or enlightenment. Furthermore, that enlightenment is the nature of all sentient beings. This essence of enlightenment is what we call “buddha nature” or tathagatagarbha. These two streams of teachings form the basis for the sutra aspect of Mahamudra. The practice of Sutra Mahamudra essentially involves the study and contemplation of these sutras, followed by meditation. We contemplate the teachings on emptiness or shunyata, as well as the teachings on buddha nature, which is our fundamental wakefulness. -
Notes and Topics: Three Divine Bodies: Tri-Kaya
TIlREE DIVINE BODIES: TRI-KAYA -Prof. P.G.yogi. The universal essence manifests itself in three aspects or modes as symbolized by the three Divine Bodies (Sanskrit-Trikaya). The first aspect, the Dharmakaya or the Essential (or True) Body is the primordial, unmodified, formless, eternally self existing and essentially of Bodhi or divine beingness. The second aspect is the Sambhogakaya or the Reflected Body wherein dweU the Buddhas of meditation (Skt. Dhyana-Buddhas) and other enlightened beings of super human form The third aspect is the Nirmanakaya or the Body of Incarnation or the human form in which state Buddha was born on earth. In the chinese interpretation of the Tri-kaya, the Dharmakaya is the immutable Buddha essence and noumenal source of the cosmic whole. The Sambhogakaya is the phe nomenal appearances and the first reflex of the Dharmakaya on the heavenly planes. In the Nirmanakaya, the Buddha essence is associated with activity on the Earth plane and it incarnates among men as suggested by the Gnostic poem in the Gospel of St.John which refers to the cOming of the word and the mind through human body. See herein book II, p. 217). In its totality, the universal essence is the one mind, manjfested through the myriads of minds in all the states of Sangsaric existence. It is called 'the essence of the Buddha', 'the great symbol', 'the sole seed' 'the potentiality of truth', and 'the all-foundation' as the text states that it is the source of all the bliss of Nirvana and all the sorrow of Sangsara. -
An Annotated Translation of Kūkai's Secret Key to the Heart Sūtra
高野山大学密教文化研究所紀要 第 24 号 An Annotated Translation of Kūkai’s Secret Key to the Heart Sūtra Thomas Eijō Dreitlein Kōbō Daishi Kūkai (弘法大師空海, 774–835), in his text titled Hannya-shingyō hiken, jo awasetari (般若心經祕鍵幷序), or the Secret Key to the Heart Sūtra, with an Introduction, provides a deeply esoteric interpretation of the Heart Sūtra, an interpretation that is unique within the extensive literature of the Heart Sūtra. Kūkai’s thesis might be seen as revolving around three closely interrelated main points: (1) that the apparently exoteric sūtras contain esoteric meanings which can be read by those who know how to read them, (2) that the Heart Sūtra reveals the esoteric inner own-realization or samādhi of the bodhisattva Prajñā and forms the dharma-maṇḍala of that deity, and (3) that as such it holds within it all the teachings of Buddhism, and is not simply an abbreviated version of the Large Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra. 1. Exoteric sūtras can be read as esoteric Buddhist teachings Kūkai says that the exoteric Buddhist teachings are revealed by the nirmāṇakāya, and are provisional and adjusted to the receptivity and capacity of the audience,1 while esoteric Buddhism is preached directly by the Dharmakāya Mahāvairocana for his own enjoyment, and is not adjusted to the audience but is rather the final truth.2 1 See Kūkai’s Ben kenmitsu nikyō ron (TKZ 3.109): 應化說法逗機施藥言不虛故。所以他受用身祕內證而不說其境也。則等覺希夷十地離絕。 The teachings of the nirmāṇakāya are adapted to what is needed, like giving the most appropriate and effective medicine. The saṃbhogakāya manifested for the liberation of others conceals his inner realization, and does not directly teach it. -
Teachings on Chöd
TEACHINGS ON CHÖD TEACHINGS ON CHÖD #1 - Today you are going to receive Chöd empowerment. Chöd empowerment is something that is going to help on getting rid of all negativities. You have received Tara empowerment. Generally people have the tendency of wanting to be choosy about which Tara empowerment, for example; we talk in terms of white, green and all the rest of it. That is OK, but today when we talk about Chöd, the core of this teaching is nothing else but Tara. Again, we came to the same thing we were talking about Tara, just as the monks when they perform, one item (the mask) will be an aspect of the performance and as soon as the performance is finished they will take off the mask, put another set of costumes and masks. So just like that when you receive Tara empowerment (whether be white or green) it is just a matter of changing costumes. The essence, in the case of the monk’s dances, is the one that is doing all the enacting, one who is behind the masks; the mask changes but the essence doesn’t change. The same is when you receive teachings – sometimes you put on the Tara mask sometime is white, sometime is green ... other times you’ll be putting on Machig Labdröm mask and that is what we will be doing. In the case of the teaching the essence is the Buddha nature. That doesn’t change, all other aspects we put on, the masks, those do change. So today it will be Machig Labchi Drolma. -
The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas
The Thirty-seven Practices of Bodhisattvas Preliminary Teachings to the Kalachakra Initiation His Holiness the Dalai Lama Translator: Jeffery Hopkins Santa Monica, California July 1989 I will be lecturing on The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas by the Bodhisattva Togmey. When one engages in lecturing on or attending a lecture, hearing about the Buddhist religion in general and in this case the doctrine of the Great Vehicle, it is necessary first to go for refuge. One then practices altruistic mind generation to make the mind more altruistic. This is why we will repeat together the basic refuge formula three times. Before beginning to lecture on The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas, I will give a general presentation of the structure of the Buddhist system. As is well known, there are in general the system of the Theravada and the Vehicle of Bodhisattvas. Within the Vehicle of Bodhisattvas as a sub-division there is the Vehicle of Mantra or Tantra. There are these three. I think most of you know that the Tibetan system practices all three yanas. The Theravada system concerns oneself and is practiced as a foundation. The main practice is the understanding or realization of suffering. Following these are the three practices of ethics, samadhi (or focusing our mental force sometimes called one-pointedness of mind) and then wisdom or deeper awareness of the ultimate nature, a deeper awareness of selflessness, the non-soul theory Without the practice of these things you can not practice the Bodhisattvayana. This must be taken as a foundation or basis. On top of the foundation is the teaching of Mahayana or Sutrayana. -
A Study on the Emergence of the Buddhist Critical Constructive Reflection
Sculpting-Scholarship: A Study on the Emergence of the Buddhist Critical Constructive Reflection A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Religious Studies at University of the West In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies by Nathan Fredrick DeBoer Summer 2020 Approval Page for Graduate Approved and recommended for acceptance as a dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies Nathan Fredrick DeBoer, Candidate Sculpting-Scholarship: A Study on the Emergence of the Buddhist Critical Constructive Reflection APPROVED: William Chu, 9-3-20 Chair Darui Long, Sept. 4, 2020 Committee Member Miroj Shakya, Sept 4, 2020 Committee Member I hereby declare that this thesis/dissertation has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at any other institution, and that it is entirely my own work. © 2020 Nathan Fredrick DeBoer ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Acknowledgements The sum individuals who played a role in helping me, in body and mind, to the completion of this dissertation is beyond the telling. However, a few stand as first among equals. First and foremost is Dr. William Chu, whose inexhaustible patience for enduring my relentless, recklessly timed phone calls is truly of a bodhisattva’s proportion. Dr. Anne Hooghart, my high school Japanese language teacher and longtime friend, painstakingly went over each of these chapters, pruning away grammatical and spelling infelicities. My family was a great source of encouragement and support. The wide group of friends from Fourth Coast Café in Kalamazoo, Michigan, also aided with conversation, caffeine, and confectionary.