CENSUS OF INDIA 1981
SERIES 18
RAJASTHAN
PARTS XIII-A & B DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK (Village & Town Djrectory Village and Townwise Primary Census Abstract)
JHUNJHUNUN DISTRICT
l. C. SRIVASTAVA of the Indian Administrative Service Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan
FOREWORD
Population Census provides data-base for economic and social planning to planners and administrators at all levels. The village and town-wise Census data compiled and processed by the Directorate of Census Operations are being published in the form of District Census Handbook for each district, which, I am sure, will be found quite useful, informative and interesting by planners, administrators as wen as academicians and research scholars.
Each District Census Handbook comprIses two parts Part-A containing information on the amenities available in each village/town and Part-B population totals and other demographic data. Some additional information regarding amenities added, in the past ten years, in each village/ town has also been provided in these volumes.
Shri I. C. Srivastava, Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan and his colleagues who have endeavoured for several months to complete these comprehensive and useful volumes deserve to be congratulated for accuracy and their timely completion.
M. M. K. WALl JAIPUR Chief Secretary 26 January, 1983 Gorernment or RaJasthan
~REFACE
The District Census Handbook (DCH), compiled- by the Census Organisation on behalf of the State Government, is one of the, most valuable products of the Census. The DCH is constantly referred to by planners, administrators, acad~micians and researchers. . It IS inter alia used f~r del!mitation of constituencies, formulation of local level and regional plans and as an aid to listrict administration. The District Census Handbook i5 the only publication which provides Primary Census Abstract (PCA) data upto village level for the rural areas and wardwise for each city or town. It also provides data on infrastructure and amenities in villages and towns etc.
The District Census Handbook series was initiated during the 1951 Census. It contained important census tables and PCA for each village and town of the district. During 1961 Census the scope of the DCH was enlarged and it contained a descriptive account of the district, administrative statistics, census tables and a r~lIage and town directory, including PCA. The 1971 DCH series was planned in three parts. Part-A re~a.ted to village and tow~ directory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical repon, administrative statistics, district census tables and certain analytical tables based on PCA and amenity dl!-ta in respect of villages. Howeyer, in some States it was confined to district census tables and in a few CilSCS ~Jtogether given up 'due to qelay in compilation and printing.
While designing the format of 198 I DCH series some new features along with the restruct .... ing of the formats of village and town directory have been attempted. At the same time, comparability with the 1971 data has also been kept in view. All the amenities except power supply in the village have been brought together in the village directory with the instruction that in case an amenity is not available in the referrent village the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place where the amenity is available may be given. The restructuring of the format of the village directory and incorporating more exhaustive data on infrastructure aspect particularly in relation to amenities and land-use pattern is expected to further meet the need of micro level planning for rural areas. It is expected to help not only in local area planning but regulating the provision of goods and services as well so as to minimise the regional imbalances in the process of development. A few new items of information have also been introduced to meet some of the requirements {)f the Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Such new items of information as adult literacy centres, primary health sub-centres, and community health workers in the village have been introduced in the village directory with this objective in mind. The new item on approach to the village is to have an idea about the villages in tbe district which are inaccessible. A new column, "total popUlation and number of households" has been introduced to examine the correlation of the amenities with the population and number of households they serve. Addition of two more appendices listing the villages where no amenities are available and according to the proportion of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population to the total population has also been made with this view in mind.
The formats of the town directory have also been modified to meet the requirements of the Minimum Needs Programme by providing information on :l few new items. A new statement on civic and other amenities in slums in Class-I and Class-II towns (Statement IV-A) has been introduced with this objective in mind. It is expected that this will help the planners to chalk out programmes on provision of civic amenities for the improvement of slums. The columns on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population in Statement IV relating to civic and other amenities and adult litt-racy classes/centres under educational facilities ill statement V are also added inter alia with this view. A significant addition is class of town in all the seven statements of the town directory. The infrastructure of amenities in urban areas of the country can. be best analysed by taking the class of towns into consideration. The addition of the columns on civic administration status and population in a few statements, also serves this purpose.
The format of the Primary Census Abstract for the villages and towns has been formulated in the light of changes in the economic and other questions canvassed through the Individual Slip of 1981 Census.
In order to avoid delay in publication of 1981 DCR series it has been so designed that Part-A of the volume contains village and town directory and PartwB, the PCA of villages and towns including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes PCA upto Tehsil/Town levels. At the beginning of the DCR a detailed analytical note supported by a number of inset tables based on PCA and non-census data in relation to the infrastructure has been introduced to enhance its value. The district and tehsil/police station/C D Block etc., level maps depicting the boundaries and other important features have been inserted at appropriate places, to further enhance the value of the publication.
This publication is a joint venture of the State Government and the Census Organisation. The data have been collected and compiled in the State under the direction of Shri I. C. Srivastava the Director of Census Operations Rajasthan on behalf of the State Government which has borne the cost of printing. The task of planning, designing and co-ordination of this publication was carried out by Shri N -G. Nag~ Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) of my office, Dr. B. K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) provided the technical guidance in the preparation of the maps. Data received from Census Directorates have been scrutinised in the Social Studies Division at the headquarters under the guidance of Shri M. M. Dua, Senior Research officer. I am thankful to all who have contributed in this project.
P. PADMANABRA Registrar General, India NEW DELHI Januat"~ 26, 1983 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We a.re deeply indebted to the State Government for their prompt help to us at all stage.> of Census Operations. We are beholden to Shri M. M. K. Wali, Chief Secretary, Rajasthan for his unstinted support and continueu em;ouragement to us at all stages of work as also for having consented to write the ForeworJ for the series. The former Chief Secretary, Shri G. K. Bhanot who inaugurateJ the two State-levei G~nsus cOlllerences had infused a sense of urgency and seriousness in the minds of Collectors and other officers engaged in Census work at the district-level, which went a long way in gearing up the entire administrative machinery and we are extremely grateful to him. Several departments of the State Govewment among which General Administration, Education, Community Development, Economics & Statistics, Public Relations, Printing and the Department of Personnel deserve special mention, extended utmost co-operation and help in both the phases of Census Opera tions. The District Collectors played a pivotal role in successfully conducting and supervising Census Operations despite their multifarious responsibilities. They were well assisted by ADMs/SDOs, Tehsildars and Municipal Officers and other Charge Officers. The Supervisors and Enumerators, the b3.~ic Censu<; functionaries worked cea.<;ele~sly in the entire period of field-work to make 1 98 I Census Oparation') smGoth and successful. We a.re deeply grateful to Shri P. Padmanahha, Registrar General & Census Commissioner India for his ~ustained support and spontaneous, unfa.iling guidance throughout our endeavours. O:lr grateful thanks are due to Shri V. P. Pandey, Joint Registrar General, Shri N. G. Nag, Shd K. K. Chakravorty and Dr. B. K. Roy, the three Deputy Registrar Generals and their colleagues at the headquarters for their ever willing, helping hand and thoughtful suggestions for putling together and shaping the volumes in their present form. ShrinlJ.ti Meenakshi Hooja and Shri S. C. Varma, the former Daputy Directors in-::harge of District Handbooks who were ably assisted by Shri Shamsher Singh, Assistant Director, Shri Wali Haider, Investigator and their team of workers deserve all praise for their perseverance and dedication to work. The management of funds. budgeting and reimbursement of expenditure etc. for these publications were ably handled by Shri R. C. Chilndnani, Assistant Director (Admn.). Shri R. A. Gupta, Senior Supervisor has taken -pains in drafting the analytical notes for Jhunjhunun District Census Handbook. Finally, the entire manuscript was thoroughly scrutinised and made press worthy by the specially constituted co ·ordination cell headed by Shri R. C. Bhargava, Assistant Director who was very well assisted by Shri G. D. Aggarwal, Assistant Director, Sarvashri R. A. Gupta and R. N. Verma, Senior Supervisors and whose efforts deserve special mention. The Primary Census Abstract, the popUlation profile for all the administrative units of district was first prepared in Regional Tabulation Office Bikaner headed by Shri S. C. Varml, Dy. Director, who put in his ~Labour of Love' to ensure its timely preparation. In this task he was assisted by Shri H. C. Sharma, Senior Supervisor. Shri S. R. Luhadia, Deputy Director who had e3.riier prepared the work-design and supervised the training programmes for compilatbn and tabulation of primary data in the Regional Census Offices engendered the necessary team spirit among the staff for completing various components of work before proceeding for training at London School of Economics. He has ably edited some of the drafts of analytical notes included in these publications for which he deserves my sincere thanks. The PCA anj variou5 other tables were s.;r.ltinised and fin3.lise:l for puhlicJ.tion un1er the close super vision and guidancl! of Shri R. C. BhargavJ., Assistant Director by his team of zealous workers headed by 'Shri R.N. Verma, S~nior Supervis:lr. Their pre::ision and promptitude in delivering goo:is deserve special mention. The member of the staff ill the Art S~ction did a commendable job, first under the guidance of Shd M. L. KUill.twat, Sr. Geographer. a hig1.ly e:q):!rienced Census h:1.ud and later under Shri J. C. Srivastava, Research Officer. The work pertaining to the preparation of maps of the district was supervi~ed by Shn R. D. Aggarwal, Deputy Director (Technical). Shri M. M. Goyal, lnvestigator allJ offi..::ial incharge of printing personally looked to various aspects of printing work along with his associates, wlli..:;h has cnsurC\1 the timely release of volumes a.nd all credit goes to him for getting them through the press. We are also hi8ltty thankful to Shri S. C. Shivahare of The Fine Art Printing Press, Ajm(!r for m:~king "pecial arrangements for printing and supervising personally all processes thereof.
JAIPUR 1. C. SRIVASTAVA RepUblic Day, 1983 STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THIS WORK
Village and Town Directory 1. Shri Pratap Singh Statistical Assistant 2. Shri Narain Singh Khejroli Statisti(;al Assistant 3. Smt. Usha Sharma Statistical Assistant 4. Smt. Santosh Malakar Statistical Assistant 5. Km. Nishi Saxena Computor 6. Km. Kusum Lata Yadav Computor 7. Shri Bhagwan Sahai Sankhla Computor 8. Shri Arun Kumar Jain Computor 9. Shri Shyam Narain Bheda Computor 10. Shri Kailash Narain Sharma Computor Primary Census Abstract 1. Shri N. K. Baj Investigator 2. Shri Abdul Waheed Investigator 3 . . Shri T. C. Basandani Investigator 4. Shri K. B, Sharma Statistical Assistant 5. Shri Gope Raja Statistical Assistant 6. ,~hri M. L. Sindhi Statistical Assistant 7. .Sbri V. D. Chandwani Statistical Assistant 8, Smt.1 Charu Mathur/- Statistical Assistant 9. Sbri Bachjttar Singh .Computor 10. Shri O. P. Badaya Computor 11. Shri N. K. Gupta Computor 12. Shri Mukesh Bhargava Comput~r Maps 1. Shri Avtar Singh Sr. Geographer 2. Shri N. R. Sisodia Geographer 3. Shri Mukut Ouria Geographer 4. Shri D. L. Verma Sr~ Artist 5. Shri Sardul Singh Artist 6. Shri M. S. Panwar Artist 7. Shri P. K. Sharma Artist 8. Shri Hem Singh Sr. Draftsman 9. Shei L. L. Padiyar Draftsman 10. Shri Indra Narain Draftsman Typing 1. Shri S. K. Ajmera Computor 2. Shri Gyarsi Lal Gupta Operator Printing 1. Shri Hassan Mohd. Printing Inspector 2. Shri Kanhaiya LaI CO:Qlputor 3. Shri R. K. Sharma Proof Reader 4. Shri Simon Paul Proof Reader RAJASTHAN
POPULATION PROFILE ( CENSUS 1981 )
Percentage to D . I Work Sl. Area Total ecenllla Literacy State/District Population _ Rank . Growth Rate Sex Ratio Participation No. (in sq. km) Population of 1971 -81 Rate Rate Rajasthan 1981
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RAJASTHAN 342,239 34,261,862 100.00 +32.97 2438 919 30.48
1. Gallganagar 20,634 2,029,938 3 5.93 +45.62 26.03 874 29.48
2. Bikaner 27,244 848,749 20 2.48 +48.09 28.20 891 29.31
3. Churu 16,830 1,179,466 16 3.44 +34.88 21.86 954 29.50
4. Jhllnjhllllun 5,928 1,211,583 15 3.54 +30.39 28.61 956 25.04
5. Alwar 8,380 1,771,173 5 5.17 +26.17 26.53 892 26 '13
6. Bharatpur 8,100 1,884,132 4 5.50 +26.43 26.05 831 27.27
7. Sawai Madhopur 10,527 1,535,870 9 4.48 +28.68 23.23 867 28.86
8. Jaipuf 14,068 3,420,574 9.98 +38.50 31.40 894 29.r
9. Sikar 7,7n 1,31'1,245 11 4.02 +32.09 25.43 963 24.6:! to. Ajmer 8,481 1,440,366 10 4.20 +25.50 35.30 922 35.83
11. Tonk 7,194 783,635 22 2.29 +25.22 20.56 928 33.37
12. Jaisalmcr 38,401 243,082 26 0.71 +44.84 15.80 811 32.09
13. Jodhpur 22,850 1,667,791 6 4.87 +44.82 26.64 909 30.59
14. Nagaur 17,718 1,628,669 7 4.75 +29.04 19.38 958 33.11
15. Pall 12,387 1,274.504 13 3.71 +31.39 21.!17 946 32.07
16. Bunner 28,387 1,118,892 17 3.27 +44.41 12.29 904 31.85
17. Jalor 10,640 903,073 18 2.64 +35.20 13.70 942 29.41
18. Sirohi 5,136 542,049 25 1.58 +27.90 20.07 963 29.46
19. Bhilwara 10,455 1,310,379 12 3.82 +24.22 19.79 942 38.50
20. Udaipur 17,279 2,356,959 2 6.88 +30.69 n.ol 977 30.13
21. Chittaurgarh 10,856 1,232,454 14 3.60 +30.41 21.94 951 37.81
22. Dlillgarpur 3,770 682.845 23 1.99 +28.78 18.52 1,045 27.19 23. Banswara 5,037 886,600 19 2.59 +35.44 16.85 984 27.97 24. Bundi 5,550 586,982 24 1.71 +30.72 20.14 887 33.93 25. KOla 12,436 1,559,784 8 4.55 +36.57 32.53 888 30.40 26. Jhalawar 6,219 784,998 21 2.29 +25.85 22.11 926 35.96
JH 2 FACTS FROM FIGURES
RAJASTHAN JHUNJHUNUN STATE DISTRICT
POPULAflON TOTAL Persons 34,261.,862 1,211,583 :\1alcs 17,854,154 619,313 Females 16,407,708 592,270
RURAL PersC)ns 27,051,354 960,316 'fales 14,013,454 487,753 Females 13,037,900 472,563
URBAN Persons 7,210,508 251,2'1 Males 3,840,700 13J,56O ., Female~ 3,369.808 119,707 DECENNIAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE ( 1971-81) + 32.97 + 30.39
AREA (Sq. km) 342,239 5,928
DENSITY OF POPULATION (Per Sq. km) 100 :::O.t
SEX RATIO (Number of Females per 1,000 Males) 919 956
LITERACY RATE Pl!rsons 24.3& 28.61 Males 36.30 45.07 Females 11.42 11.40
PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION :::1.05 20.74- TO TOTAL POPULATION
I~ERCENTAGE TO TOTAL POPULATION:
( i) Main Workers Persons 30.48 25.04 Males 49.92 .42.00 Females 9.32 7.30
(11 I Marginal Workers Persons 6.13 (' .31 r..1:J.les 0.98 .)._0 Females 11.74 15.71
(iii) Non-Workers Persons 63'39 (-,5.65 Males 49.10 SUO Females 7R.94 76.99
BREAK-Ul~ OF !\lAIN WORKERS:
PERCENTAGE AMONG MAIN WORKERS
f i) Cultivators Pers()n~ 61.59 <11:14 Males 60.70 57.45 Females 6'.>.75 n36
( ii) Agricultural Labourers Persons 7.32 4.78 Males S.89 4.95 Females 15.67 3.76 FACTS FROM FIGURES
RAJASTHAN JHUNJHUNUN STATE DlSTRICT
(IIi) Household Industry Perions 3.26 3.66 Males 3.33 3.76 F~male$ 2.82 3.03
(iv) Oth~r WO!'kers Persons 27.83 30.42 Males 30.08 33.84 Females 14.76 9.85
PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTES Pcrsans 17.04 14.91 POP~LATJON TO TOTAL FOPULATION Males 17.10 14.90 Females . 16.98 14.93
PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED TRIBES Persons 12.21 1.90 POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATlON Males 12.05 1.92 Females 12.39 1.89
NUMBER OF OCCUPIED 5,726~680 180,217 RESIDENTIAL HOUSES
SUB-DIVISIONS 83 3
TEHSILS 197 4
PANCHAYAT SAMlTIES 236 8
NUMBER OF VILLAGES Total 37,124 692 Inhabited 34,968 689 Uninhabited 2,156 3
NUMBER OF TOW ~S 201 14
NET AREA SOWN (In hectares) ( 19i9-S0 ) 14,206,683 416,751
NET IRRIGATED AREA (In hectares) ( 1979-80 ) 3,308,273 54,750
COLLEGES (No.) ( 1979-80 ) 269 15
SECONDARY/HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS (No.) ( 1979-80) 2,168 . 122
MIDDLE SCHOOLS (No.) ( 1979-80 ) 5,175 192
PRIMARY AND PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLS (No.) ( 1979-80 ) 21,3l3 655
ROADS (km) (1979-80) 40,399 726
TOWNS/VILLAGES ELECTRIFIED (No.) (As CI 3)-3-80) . )J,83! 513
WELLS ELECTRIFIED ( up to 1979-80) 183.:m; 9,901 1981 CENSUS-PUBLICATION PLAN
The Rajasthan 1981 Census Publications, Series 18 in All India Series, will be published in the following parts
Government of India Publications
Part I-A Adm i n istra tion Report-En umeratio n (In Press) ") ~ For official use only Part I-B Administration Report-Tabulation J Part II-A General Population Tables (In Press) Part II-B Primary Census Abstract (In Press) Part fJJ General Economic Tables Part TV Social and Cultural Tables Part V Migration Tables .t"art VI Fertility Tables Past VII Tables on Houses and Disabled Population (Published) Part VHf Household Tables Part IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Part X-A TOWIl Directory Part X-B Survey Report on selected towns Part X-C Survey Report on selected villages
Part X[ Ethnographic Note and sp~cial studies on Sch¢duled Castes and S:::heduled Tnbfs Part XII Censlls Atlas
Government of Rajasthan Publicalio:ls
Part XJI-A Administrative Atlas
Part XIII-A & B District Census Handbook (Village & Town Directory and Primary Census Abstract) DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
JHUNJHUNUN DISTRICT
RAJASTHAN DISTRICT JHUNJHUNUN c lILOt.!£TRE$ N I, 10, II, 20, ~ ••0
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BiSEDUPON SURVEY OF INOIi MiP WITH THE PER~ISSION Of l~mqV EYOP GtN[ RI LOF IN D'i , CONTENTS I'AGES
FOREWORD (iii) PREFACE (v) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (vii) AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE (xvii) JHUNJHUNUN DISTRICT--A PROFILE (xix) HISTORY OF DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK (XXXIii) SCOPE OF VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY AND PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (xxxiv) CENSUS CONCEPTS (xl) ANALYTICAL NOTE---PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (\/vi) CENSUS HOUSES AND DISABLED PERSONS (Ix) ANALYTICAL NOTE -VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY (Ixi)
PART A---VILLAGE & TOWN DlREcrORY SECTION I-VILLAGE DIRECTORY Codes used for denoting various amenities in Village Directory. 5
VILLAGE DIRECTORY (with map of tchsil and alphabetical li .. t of villages) I. Jhunjhunun Tehsil 7 2. Chirawa Tehsil 31 3. Khetri Tehsil 49 4. Udaipurwati Tehsil 73
APPENDICES Appendix I -- Tchsrlwlse abstract of Educational, Medical and Other amenities 96 Appendix H - Land utilisation data in respect of Non-Municipal Towns (Census Town) 100 Appendix III - Tehsilwise list of inhabited villages where no amenities are available 101 Appendix IV -_ Tehsilwisc list of villages according to the proportion of Scheduled 102 Castes and Scheduled Tribes to the total population by ranges
SECTION II-TOWN DIRECTORY Codes used for denoting various amenities in Town Directory. 116 TOWN DIRECTORY Stat.::ment I - Status and Growth History 118 Statement II -:- Phy!:ical aspects and Location of Towns, 1979 IlO Statement III _- M unici pal Finance, ! 978-79 122 Statement IV - Civic and other amenities, 1979 124 Statement V - Medical, Educational, Recreation,tl and Cultural facilities, 1979 12a Statement VI - Trade, Commerce, Industry and Banking, 1979 130
APPENDIX Towns showing their out-growth with population 134 xvi PART B-PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT PAGES DISTRICT PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 136
VILLAGE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 1. Jhunjhunun Tehsil 140 2. Chirawa Tehsil 152 3. Khetri Tehsil 162 4. Udaipurwati Tehsil 174
URBAN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT I - Bissau Town 182 II - Mandawa Town 182 1II - Jhunjhunun Town 184 IV - Baggar Town 184 V - Pilani Town 186 VI - Vidya Vihar Town 186 VIr - Mandrela Town 186 VIII - Chirawa Town 188 IX - Surajgarh Town 18S X - Gothra Town 190 XI - Khetlia Town 192 XII - Mukandgarh Town 192 XIII - Nawalgarh Town 194 XIV - Udaipurwati Town 196
APPENDICES Appendix 1~· Total Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population-Urban Blockwise 201 Appendix II - Villages classified by population sizes .... 218
SPEC CAL PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT FOR SCHEDULED CASTES & SCHEDULED TRIBES List of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes-Rajasthan 229 Special District Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes 230 S pedal District Primary Censlls Abstract for Scheduled Tribes 234 SPECIAL ANNEXURES Noles on Special Annexures 240 Special Annexure I -- Panchayat Samitiwisc list of villages 241 Special Annexure II - Panchayat Samitiwise Abstract of Village Directory 250 Special Annexure III - Panchayat Samitiwise Primary Census Abstract 254 AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The series of District Census Handbooks has been prepared aftcr compil~ttion and tabulation of data collected through "Individual Slip" and "Household Schedule" on full count basis for which nearly 1,500 workers were engaged for a period extending to more than 12 months. For the first time, an attempt has been made in the series to bring out demographic and other data in diglot, Hindi and English, for a more beneficial use by data users of all categories. Hindi being the official language of the State, a Hindi version of the analytical notes has also been added with a view to cater to the needs of all sections of readers.
As a necessary corollary to the Handbooks, Panchayat Samities, the basic administrative units of development administration and planning have been listed out separately in relation to those districts only wherein they are not coterminous witil their tehsils and information relating to their population figures as well as amenities available in each village located in their jurisdiction will be presented in a separate volume under the title, "Supplement to District Census Handbook" (Panchayat Samiti). However, for reference, in the main District Census Handbook, a list of villages forming part of each non-coterminous Panchayat Samiti has been provided along with the abstracts of population and amenities for such Panchayat Samities as a whole in the form of Special Annexures.
Another new feature of the present series is the depiction of villages falling in various pOJlulation ranges by their total population figures for 1 98 1 Census.
]n addition to new items like uses of electricity and nearest communication points, information for which was not collected in 1971 Census, a specific note on each district covering general information regarding its history, topography. physiography, administrative set-up and places of tourist and historic importances etc., has also been included with a view to provide comprehensive and more purposeful information about the district as a whole. Population figures of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes constituting the core of 'Weaker-Section, have been presented at district/tehsil/town level so as to facilitate planning for their welfare both at micro and macro levels.
It is earnestly hoped that the District Census Handbook will serve its purpose for planners, administrators of welfare schemes and other data users in general.
JHUNJHUNUN DlSTRICf - A PROFILE
Historical Backdrop of the District was a town in 195 1 was also declassified as town but again treated as such in 1981. Gothra is the The territory now known as district of only place in the district which has been treated as Jhunjhunun was Nizamat under the erstwhile Jaipur a census town in 1981 as it fulfills the criteria laid State and was made up of what once used to be ca1led down for declaring a census town. the Thikana of Khetri, Jagirs of Bissau, Nawalgarb, Mandawa, Dundlod; and Udaipurwati region of 5 For the purpose of Administration, the Bhomias. In 1949, the princely state of Jaipur also district is divided into three sub-divisions, four Tehsils marged in the United States of Greater Rajasthan. and fourteen Towns (including one census town) as After the formation of Rajasthan State the district mentioned below : of Jhunjhunun was carved out and since then it continues to be in exist.ence. Sub-division Tehsil Town 2. At the time of the merger of the former Jaipur state into Rajasthan, this district was reconsti 2 3 tuted and the areas of Neem-ka-Thana and Bairath 1 Jhunjhunun 1. Jhunjhunun I. Jhunjhunun which used to be part of this district were transferred 2. Bissau to Sikar and Jaipur districts re~pectively. 3. Baggar 4. Mandawa 3. During tbe period 1951-61, one village Kot was tr1!-nsferred to Udaipurwati tehsil from Ncem-ka 2. Chirawa 5. Chirawa Thana tehsil of Sikar district while Gugalwa viliage 6. PHani from Jhunjhunun tehsil was transferred to Rajgarh 7_ Vidya Vihar tchsil of Churu district. However, within the district 8. Surajgarh several ihter-tehsil transfers of villages took place. 9. Mandrela Among these transfer of 27 villages pf former Churj Ajitgarh tehsil to Ihunjhunun tebsil and nine of its 2. Khetri 2. Khetri J O. Khetri viIlages to Udaipurwati tehsil is worth mentioning as 11. Gothra due to these transfers. the Churi Ajitgarh tehsil (Census Town) lost its existence. While no inter-district or inter tehsil transfers took place in 196 I ~ 7 I, only two 3. Nawalgarh 4. Udaipurwati 12. Nawalgarh villages were transferred from Chirawa tehsiJ to 13. Mukandgarh Jhunjhunun tehsil as a sequel to the inter-tehsil 1 4 Udaipurwati tntllsfers during 197 1-8 I.
4. Regarding urban areas of the district, in 195 I, 6. For the administration of Justice, there are tllere were fifteen towns namely, Jhunjhunun, courts of District & Sessions Judge, Civil Judge-cum Mukdndgarh, Surajgarh, Mandawa, Nawalgarh, Chief Judicial Magistrate and also of Judicial Udaipurwati. Khetri, Chirawa, PHani, Baggar, Magistrate at Jhunjhunun. Besides, the courts of MandreJa, Gud113, Parasrampura, Bissau and Singhana. Munsif-cum-Judicial Magistrate are functioning at Of these five towns namely Mandrela, Gudha, Jhunjhunun, Chirawa, Khetri and Nawalgarh. Parasrampura, Bissau and Singhana were declassified in J 961. On the other hand, Vidya Vlhar was added 7. With the ushering in of Panchayat Raj in the to the list of towns in 1961. Bissau which was State in 1959, eight Panchayat Samities have been treated as town till 1961 was declassified but again setup which continue to look after many develop treated as town in 1971. Similarly, Mandrela which mental activities in the rural areas of the district ( xx
S. The district is situated in the north-eastern district headquJrter has been 44.45 cm It was portion of Rajasthan and Jies between 27 038' and recorded as 54.65 cm. in 1976, 83.36 cm. in 1977, 28°31' north latitudes and 75°02' and 76°06' east 66.80 cm. in 1978, 22.55 cm. in 1979 and 32.40 longitudes. It is bounded on the north-west by cm. in 1980. On an average there are 27 rainy days Churu district, on the north-east by Hissar and', . in a year. The meter.ological observatory in the district Mahendargarh districts of Haryana State and on the is only at Pilani which sta.rted functioning in 1958. west, south and south-east by Sikar district. Geology And Minerals PJlysiegrqhy 12. A major part .of the district is covered by 9. Most of the district consists of a mass of rolling Receut to sub·Recent blown sand, however, the small hills and the remaining part nearer to the south area of eastern part is occupied exclusively by the eastern border contains some offshoots of the Aravalli rocks of Delhi SUP
J O. Sand shifting and active dunes are the 13. The district is a well-known copper district main hazards to cultivation. Soil erosion is the in the country. The following are the most important result of constant deforestation and mining activity mineral deposits in the di!>trict : . - which had bared slopes_ The drainage is inland and is related to the Kantli river system, which is a non ( i ) Copper: Investigations have established perennial river and flows in the district. This river that .out of the total str_ike length of nearly 80 km , covers a large area of the district and flows in south more than half lies in this district. The copper to north d4r.ectiQt1. It originates in the Kiandera deposits are located at various places in the district, block hills of Sikar district and enters this district more specially in Khetri tehsil. Silver, gold, nickel from the south-western portion of Udaipurwati tehsil. and cobalt are also associated in these deposits. After passing through the area of all the four tehsils There is a copper producing plant of Khetri Copper of the district, it ultimately enters Churu district. Complex at a distance of abo"t elewn kilometres from Besides, there are four major streams, namely Dohan, Khetri town. COPP:!T are from K'Jlih In dep:)5its is Chandravati, Udaipur Lohagarb-ki-Nadi and Sukh obtained with the help of rop! way while th1.t of Nadi. There is no lake in the district but sacred Madhan Kudan through conveyor belts. Investigation tanks are in .existence for bathing purposes There work has already been compkted for starting ancillary is also a Bund of •Ajit Sagar' under Irrigation Depart industries in this Complex. ment, which is at about II km. from Khetri town on Nizampoor road. ( ii ) Calcite: The small occurences located near village Papurna of Khetri tehsil and Neori and Climate Ponkh villages of Udaipurwati tehsil are under exploi 1 I. The district has a dry climate with a hot summer. tation. The calcite occurs in the forl11 of vein filling. In summer sand·storms are a characteristic feature of the district. The cold season starts by about the (iii) D%mite : This is used as a refractory and middle of November and continues till about the flux in the metallurgy of iron. It is also locally used beginning of March. The hot seas.on follows there for lime making. Its deposits are in abundance i after and extends upto the end of June. The south the district. west monsoon is from July to mid-September. In the year 1980, the minimum and maximum (iv) Iron ore : Small deposits of iron ore are temperatures at Pilani centre were recorded as 1.0') C Joc.ated and worked out on minor scale at Tyonda, and 45.0° C respectiVely, while the me,an temperature Sihor, Jamalpur and Kala Khari, all located in Khetri was 23.0° C. The normal annual rainfall at the tehsil. ( XXl )
14. Other minerals worked out in the district are fluorite, soapstone, clay, nickel, limestone and YEARS i?lli!ding st(),Oe. r------..A..-----"-""'"'" Classification of 1970-71 1980-81 Forest, Flora and Fauna Land use r----.A..- --..r---_"_--~ Area (in Perce- Area (in Perce- 15. The fore~t area of the district is not signi hectares) ntage hectares) ntage ficant as during the year 1980-81, only 33,761 hectares of land i. e.. 5.70 per cent of the total 1 2 3 4 5 reporting area of' the district was under forests. The 5.92 33,761 5.70 m~jor specie available in the forest area is 'Jant' tree 1. Forests 35,091 or 'Khejri (Prospis specigera). It is found in abundance 2. Not available for and is utilised for various purposes such as providing cultivation fodder to the animals when its leaves are dried up, supplying fuel for domestic purpQses and checking (i) Land put to non- 1 4,5 14 2.45 16,618 '2.%0 soil-erosion. Ot,her species found are Babul (Acacia agricultural use llilotiea),Shisham (Dalbergia sisso), Neem (Azadiraclzta 3.13 il.'dica), Pipal (Ficus religiotlsa), Jal (Salvadora oleoides) (ii) Barren and un- 18,167 3.07 18,536 and Bargad (Ficus bengalensis) etc. Mango trees cultivated land (Manf(ijera indica) are also found in hilly areas of .. ". Other uncultivated 46,381 7.82 44,666 7.53 Udaipurwati an4 J<.hetri tehsils. Beri tree (Zizyphus land excluding maur(tiana) is also available which provides 'Pala' as a fallow land fodder to the a~imals. There is a forest nursery at Jhunjbunun 4. Culturable waste 6,031 1.02 13,744 2.32 5.87 16. Grasses of a few types also grow in the 5. Fallow land 18,496 3.12 34,806 district. Among the shrubs, Phog (Calligonum po/ygo" 6. Net area sown 454,081 76.60 430,630 72.65 nOid~s) is the most predominant.. Among the wild animals, Baghera (Panthera parduf) Soor (Susserofa Total 592,761 100.00 5~2.761 IOO.Of) crestatus), Langur (Presby tis tnteUlIs), Lakkar-Bagha (Hyaena hyaena). Bhedia (Canis lupus) Gidar (Callis aureus), Lomri (Vulpes bengalens;s) etc., are generally 19. The area sown more than once was 104,026 found. Snakes, both poisonous and non-poisonous, hectares in 1980-81 as against 50,367 hectares are found in the district. during 1970-71. There has been a progressive increase in the area covered under culturable waste 17. During 1980-81 , about Rs. 4.61 lakhs were in the district during the last decade which rose to spent on forest development schemes. The work 2.32 percent in 1980-81 as compared to 1.02 regarding plantation and fencing was started under per cent during 1970-7 I. the Rural Fuel & Pasture Development and Shelter Belt Plan. Over one lakh trees were planted under Crop PatterD Farm Forestry Scheme during this period. 20. Kharif crops constitute the bulk of the field Land use production in the district since the agricultural acti vities mostly depend on monsoon. Rabi crops arc 18. The reporting area of the district for the also raised on both sides of the Aravalli range in la~d utilisation purposes during I 980-81 was Khetri and Udaipurwati tehsils and also in the area 592,761 hectares. The following table indicates the where irrigational facilities are &.vailable. The table classification of the land use in the district for the given below records 1he gross area utilised under fOC5d years 1970-7 I and 1980-8 1 alongwith the per and non-food crops in the district during 1970-71 centage to total reporting area: and 1980-81 : ( xxii )
1970-71 1980-81 ,--____..A. ____ ~ A Type of Crops r------""-\ Area Percent to gross Area Percent to gross (in hectares) cultivated area (in hectares) cultivated area
----~- -~~---'-~--- -_ --- -~ ---._____ --- ~-- -_-_ 1 2 3 4 5 ---_ -_
A. Food Crops 403,831 80.05 434,193 81.21 Cereals & small millets 225,780 44.76 328,935 61.52 Pulses 175,623 34.81 101,447 18.98 Sugarcane 2 Neg. 13 Neg Condiments & spices etc. 1,025 0.20 1,818 0.34 Fruits & Vegetables 1,401 0.28 1,980 037
B. Non-Food Crops 100,617 19.95 100,463 18.79 Oil-seeds 3,447 0.69 24,179 4.52 Cotton & other fibre crops 51 0.01 138 0.03 Drugs & narcotics 267 0.05 295 0.06 ~war 96,718 19.17 73,382 13.72 Other fodder crops 134 0.03 2,469 0.46
Total 504,448 100.00 534,656 100.00 '
21. During 19'80-81, the revised area and production statistics for the principal crops in the district were as under:
Area Production Area lWoduction Crop Crop (in hectares) (in tonnes) (in hectares) (in tODnes) 2 3 2 3
--~-- A. Cereals C. Commercial Crops Jowar 218 41 (a) Oil Seeds Bajra 259,025 64,756 SesamuID 17 1 Groundnut 103 42 Maize 2 I 9 Castorseed I Nil Wheat 28,612 41,894 Rape & Mustard 4,457 3,055 41,059 30,712 Batley (b) Other Crops B. Pulses Sugarcane ] 3 513 Gram 20,024 10,372 Tobacco 295 340 Cotton* I 16 126 Other Rabi pulses 8 10 Chillies 640 256 Other Kharif pulses 81,415 3,086 Sanhemp* 22 3
* Production in bales of 170 kgs each.
21. The important produce in the district in order other Kharif pulses and rape & mustard. During of quantity produced are bajra, wheat, barley, gram, 1980-81. the district stood third in the production ( )'xiii of tobacco, sixth in barley and eighth in bajra amongst of his cultivatory rights even against Khatedar all the districts of the State contributing 13.47, 5.89 tenants. Every tenant of land other than a Khatedar and 5.70 per cent respectively of the total production tenant, a tenant of Khudkasht or a sub-tenant is a in the State. Ghair-Khatedar tenant.
Tenancy 28. A trespasser is a person who takes or retains possession of land without authority or who 23. Tenancy in the State is governed by the prevents another person from occupying land duly Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955. It is one of the most let out to him by the State. After rcgularisation the important and progressive laws relating to agrarian trespasser becomes an allottee. An allottee is treated reforms. The provisions of the Act apply in respect as a Ghair-Khatedar tenant on whom Sub-Divisional of land held by tenants as if the State Government Officer shall suo-moto confer khatedari rights afur were the-land holder acting through the Tehsildars. ten years of allotment provided that the: aliDttee In relation to the land held by him, every cultivator fulfils all the terms and conditions of allo1tllent is either a tenant or a sub-tenant or an allottee or a during this period. Similar is the case of those trespasser. A tenant is one who is required to pay alJottees who were otherwise allotted land' by the some rent on account of use and occupation of land State Government. let out to him for agricultural or allied purposes. Grantee with a favourable rate of rent, ijardar, Irrigation thekedar or trespasser is not considered a tenant. 29. A tOlal area of 72,430 hectares in Ih;: 24. There are following classes of tenants: district was irrigated during 1980-81 as compared to only 14,959 hectares in the year 1970-71. Similarly, (a) Khatedar tenant, the net area irrigated was 60,612 hectares in 1980-81 (b) Maliks, as against 13,085 hectares during 1970-71. The (c) Tenant of Khudkasht, and net area irrigated was 14.08 per cent of the total net area sown during 1980-81. Wells are the principal (d) Ghair-Khatedar tenants. source of irrigation as 99.29 per cent of the gt'0SS irrigated area was irrigated through wells only. 25. A Khatedar tenant is entitled to all the These are more prominent in Khetri and Udaip\lrwati rights conferred and subject to all the liabilities tehsiis. The Government provides financial assistance imposed 01'1 Khatedar tenant by the Rajasthan Tenancy for the construction of new wells and installatio,n of Act. On the date of coming into force of Rajasthan pumping· sets. There are tanks of the Irrigation Tenancy Act, a Zamindar or a Biswedar holding Department in the district viz., Ajit Sagar bund, and Khudkasht was treated as a Khatedar tenant irres tanks of Kot Sikrai, Kalabuja and Ponkh. So~rcewise pective of whether he was or not in occupation on the data regarding gross and net irrigated area during date of vesting. 1970-71 and 1980-81 are given in the following table:
26. Malik is a Zamindar or Biswedar who has Area irrigated (in hectares) become Malik or Khudkasht land held by him on abolition of Zamindari and Biswedari in 1959. The ~------"------~ Source Gross Net word "Malik" was also added to section 14 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act to classify it as a class of r--:----"----~ r-----"----~ 1970-71 1980-81 1970-71 1980--81 tenant. Section 13 of the Act provides that a Malik is entitled to all the rights conferred and is subject 2 3 4 5 to all the liabilities imposed on Khatedar tenant and Wells 14,639 71,916 12,790 6l>,O98 so in substance this class of tenancy is nothing but a Khatedar tenant. Tanks 32.0 514 295 514
27. As Zalllinclars and Biswedars llqIding Total ]4,959 72,430 13,085 60,612 Khudkasht were, 'treated as Khatedar tenants, a te~~nt of khudkasht is essentially a sub-tenant in view of 30. The gross area irrigated during the decade the fact that a sub-tenant iS,also eligible for l?r,otection rose from 14,959 hectares in 1970-71 to 72,430 ( xxiv )
hectares in 1980-81 thus giving a notable rise of YEARS 384.12 per cent. The table given along side presents r------..).._-----~ the cropwise irrigated area and per cent to total area 1970-71 1980-81 irrigated during 1970-71 and 1980-81 : Crops r---..).._--~ r---..).._--~ Gross area Per Gross area Per irrigated cent 31. A Sllm of Rs. 2.92 lakhs for Dheekariya irrigated cent (in hectares) (in hectares) hamlet and Rs. 2.50 lakhs for Dogar-ka-NaJa Scheme was made available to the Irrigation Department 2 3 4 5 during 1980-81 under minor irrigation works. A. Food Crops 14,432 96.48 65,347 90.22 Creals & Animal Husbandry millets 11,669 78.0 I 50,751 7007 Pulses 341 2.28 10,798 14.91 32. According to the Livestock Census 1977 , there Other food 2,422 16.19 3,798 5.24 was 9.69 Lakh livestock population in the district in crops addition to about 9.9 thousand fowls and ducks. B. Non-Food Crops 527 3.52 7,083 9.78 The position of livestock population and number of Oil-Seeds 124 0.83 1,997 2.76 poultry in the district in 1977 as compared to t 972 Fodder crops 118 0.79 2,465 3.40 is shown in the following table: Other non-food 285 1.90 2,621 3.62 crops Tot~a~I ______2142,9~5~9 __ ~1~OO~.~00~ __7_2~~~_3_0 __ 10_0_.0_0 __
- ____---_------~------Variation in numerical Number Strength over 1 972 Category r-----J.....-----, r------"-----~ 1972 1977 Actual Variation (No.) percentage 2 3 4 5
A. Live Stock 978,508 968,588 - 9,920 , •. 01 1. Cattle 181,641 172,697 - 8,944 4.92 2. Buffaloes 142,246 171,050 +28,804 + 20.25 3. Sheep 211,593 179,294 -32,299 15.27 4. Goats 391,002 398,241 + 7,239 + 1.85 5. Horses, ponies & mules 401 822 +- 421 + 104.99 6. Donkeys 4,383 3,671 712 16.25 7. Camels 46,183 42,232 3,951 8.56 8. Pigs 1,059 581 478 45.14
B POllltry 8,395 9,926 + 1,531 + 18.24 1. Fowls 16 7 9 56.25 2. Ducks 8,379 9,919 + 1.540 + 18.38 Total Livestock & Poultry 986,903 978,514 8,389 0.85
33. From the above table, it is indicated that 34. Cattle found in the district mostly belong the livestock population during the five years in the to Haryana breed which is considered good for both district decreased by 1.0 I per cent as compared to an milk and draught. Buffaloes of the Murrah breed increase of 6.38 per cent in the State. are most numerous while Bikaneri type of camels are ( xxv common. Sheep of Nali breed is found. Sheep 35. The table given below indicates the location and wool contrIbute substantially to the dIstrict of various types of veterinary institutions functioning economy in the district ciuring 1980·81
Location of Institutions
,-______..A.. ______~ Tehsil Hospital Di~pensary Health Centre Mobile Unit
_------2 3 4 5
Jhunjhunun Jhun_jhunun Ahlsar Jhunjhunun Bi&sau Bharoo Mandawa
Chirawa Chirawa Bakhatawarpura Surajgarh
Khetri Khetri Baran Gorir Bab:!i
Uddipurwati Udaipurwati Ran:i.sar Dhigal Gudhl Gorji Nawalgarh Bagoli Dhamora Mukandgarh Ked Baragaon Ponkh
36. The survey work of rinderpest disease was Power and Electricity conducted in this district under Rinderpest Surveillance and Containment Vaccination Programme. In order 38. Prior to the formation of the State of to rear the cattle on the scientific basis, twenty cattle Rajasthan, only two towns viz., Nawalgarh and Pilani breeders meetings were held in the district dudng were electrified in the district. During the first five I 980-8 I . Be~ides, other wor ks like distribut ing year plan one town and during the seconj Ilve year the medicine, in;:,culating and castration of cattle etc., plan two villages were electrified. In the third five year arc carried out. There were 7 milk supply societies plan, more efforts were made and as a result electricity and 3 sheep breeding societies in the d:~trict during was made available to 89 villages and one town. By 1980-81. Pisciculture in the district does not play the end of March 1981, 556 villages in all were any important role in the economic life of the receiving electricity in the district whereas the number people. Only minor carp arc found in the tanks of of\\ellsenergised was 11,522. By 1980-81,154 Ajit Sagar Bund, Kalabuja and Kot Sikarai. localities of Sch~duled Castes/Tribes were electrified.
Agricultural Implements and Machinery 39. During 1980-81, 220 kv (single circuit) 37, According to the Livestock Census of 1977, Khetri-Ratangarh line of 123.00 km was installed. there were 60,037 ploughs (wooden 52.748 and iron Besides, there were I IS.OO km single circuit 220 kv 7,289) and 12,646 animal drawn carts in the district. line from Khetri to Hissar, 144.00 km from Khetri A total of 12 sugarcane crushers were recorded while to Jaipur, 209.74 km from Dadri to Khetri and plant protection equipm('nt induding sprayers and Jaipur and 50.00 km from Jhunjhul1ul1 to Churu of dusters numbered 14 only. During the period under of 132 kv line. During 1980-81, subtransmission reView, 535 diesel engines with pumping selS and line of 33 kv measuring 10 km was laid from Buhana 4,365 ckctrical pumping sets were in u<;e for irrigation to Dharwa and 7.50 km from kumawas to Nawalgarh purposes. Bl!5ides, thc\'\! were 5 S 'Ghanies', 268 via. ViroL The power is not generated in the district tractor operated implements, 161 four-wheeled but is purchased for distribution, tractors, IS 2 power-drawn & miscellaneous equipment and 1 S 2 Persian wheels. 40. The consumption of electricity in the district JH4 xxvi )
during the year 1980-81 was of the order of 200.014 43. Other registered factories in (he district are million kwh. as per details given below : related to manufacturing of blankets, shawls and basic heavy organic chemical etc, The cottage Purpose Consumption industries include weaving of cloth (woollen and cotton), (in million kwh.) tanning and manufacturing of leather products such 2 as slippers or 'De~i Jooties', biri, biscuit, lac bangles. ------soap, furniture and rope making. Wool available 1. Domestic in the district is utilised for manufacturing of blankets, ( i ) Heat and Power 0.080 felts and Namdas (woolkn carpets) by certain families ( ii ) Lights and Fans 4.40.1- of hereditary weavers mostly in UdaiplJrwati, Chirawa, 2. Commercial (Non-domestic) l.n6 Alsisar (Jhunjhunun tehsil), Kishorepura (Udaipurwati 3. Industrial tehsil), Jhunjhunun, Nawalgarh etc. Manufacturing ( i ) Small & Medium Volta;c 5.456 of 'Desi Jooties' as also the western type of shoes ( ii ) High Voltage 100.638 is done at Jhunjhunun, Surajgarh, ChirJw..l, Udaipur 4. Public Lighting 0.27.2 w.tti, Khetri, Nawalgarh and BHagaon (Udaipurwati 5. Public water supply 4.580 tchsil) etc Special impetus is being provided through Rajasthan Khadi and Village Industries Board 6. Irrigation 72 ;;97 to khadi and other village industries 7. Others 9.901
-.------~------_------~--- Total 200.014 4.J. lndustrilal areas have been developed at Jhuojhunun, Khetri, Chirawa, Surajgarh and Pllani by Industries and Labour Rajasthan State Industrial Development & Investm~nt Corporation Ltd. A loan of Rs 16.53 lakhs was 41. By the end of 1961, there were only three distributed to 57 applicants in the district by regi&tered factories in the district. Their numb(·r rose Rajasthan Financial Corporation. to 37 by 1980 and employed 2,57 I persons during the period. 45. Trade Unions have also been registered at 42 Khetri Copper Project a(;o known ,15 Jhunjhunun, Khetri, Chirawa. Nawalgarh and Khetri Hindustan Copper Ltd., was set up in '\Iovemb'::l Nagar. A labour welfare centre is also run at Khetri 1967 and is the largest industrial establishment in Nagar by the Hindustan Corp:Jration Ltd., Khetri. the district which provided employment to an average number of 1,80< pcrsors In 1980. Among the 46 There io; a separate employment exchange at registered factories functioning in 1 9 Sf), the following Jhunjhunuo III the district which is functioning !.ince categories are worth-mentioni ng in the district aecard ing 1960. At the end of the year 1980, afl)und 22.9 to the number of persons employed: thousand apphcdnts were registered as against 19.8 thousand at the end of the ye,lf 1979. Out of the Category No. of Average number of total 1,885 vac.tncics notifit:d in 1':180 in the district units persons employed 1,272 were filled of which 453 were filted in Slate 2 3 Government and 395 in the Centr..lj Government Dep..lrtments, 345 in Quasi-Government & Local I. Sawing & planing I 6 44 Bodies and only 79 in private sector. of wood other than ply-wood Trade and Commerce 2. !\lanufacturing of 10 48 printing, publishing 47. The main articles of exports are copper, & ullied activities moong. tn0th, bljra, sheep, goats, ghe..:, must:trd etc., while wheJt, gram, ric:?-, sugar, gur, kerosene oil, 3. Generation & trans- 3 245 mission of electric petroC clothes, other articles of general m~rchc\Odise and energy industrial & agricultural machineries and equipment are imported in the district. The distnct hal) bi!en th'~ 4. Repairing motor veh- 3 166 birth place of big business houses run. in the v Idous icIe & motor-cycles pafts of the country. ( :xxvii )
48. There are Trade centres at Jhunjhunun, institute offers various types of degr.:e'S includi ng Chirawa, Nawalgarh, Surajgarh, Khetri, Pilaui, Master of Pharmacy, Master of Science (Technology) 1\1 ukan::lgarh, Mandawa and Bissau, Chirawa and and doctoral progralllmes leading to the degree of Surajgarh have tile regulated markets (Krishi U paj Doctor of Philosophy. It has also introduced the Mandies). Marketing facilities are available almost practice school method of education as an alternative at every tehsil headquater and also in .other big villages channel for each of the programmes offered, which is of the district. . unique in the whole educational world. The Institute of Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute 49. By the end of December, 1980 there were Started functioning in 1957 and is dedicated to the 59 branches of commercial banks (41 in fural and 18 task of development of technology and advanced in semi-urban arcas) in the district, which received a research in ekctronics It also undertakes special deposit of Rs. 2,860 lakhs while the advances made projects sponsored and financed by various depart by these banks amounted to Rs. 1,750 lakhs. Besides, ments and has set up excellent facilities for Semi seven br,lI1ches of co-operative bank were also Conductor Devices and High Power Microwave Tubes. functiol1wg in the district It ha~ many achievements to its credit.
50. Prohibition was imposed in all the four 54. Apart from the libraries belonging to the tehsils on 1st April, 1979 which resulted in the closure vJrious educational institutions, there are serveral of all the shops dealing in the country liquor. Howe public libraries in the district of which wort h~men ver. there were four shops dealing in the sale of Indian tioning are: Shri Mahavir PustakaJaya, Madansar, made foreign liquor and 62 in hemr-drugs in the Jhllojhunun ; Azad Library, Jhunjhunun Pustakalaya district during 1980-81. The prohibition has now r.nd District Library at Jhllnjhunun ; Shri Sarvajanik been lifted thoughout the district. Pustakalaya at Mukandgarh, Churi-Ajitgarh and Mandre1a ; Makhari~l Sarvaianik Pustakalclya. Baggar; 51. Ten cinema houses with a total seating capacity of 5,2 I 6 persons, wtre in existence in the Shri Yuvak Sabha Pustakalaya Mandawa;Shri Pratap district during the year 198u-3 I. Or these, three Pustakalaya Surajgarh; Vidya Pracharak Pustakalaya, Were running at Jhunjhunun, two each at Chirawa Dundlod; Shri Gandhi Pustakalaya, Babai (Khetri and Pilani, and one each at Nawalgarh. Khetri ~nd tehsil; Shri Krishana Pustakalaya, Chirawa; Shri Vidya Vlhar. DUring 197'K-79, there were seventeen Hanuman Mandai Pustakalaya, Baragaon (Udaipurwati petrol pumps in the district tellsil) and Government Tehsil Library, Khetri.
Education 55. For the welfare of the students belonging to Scheduled Castes. there was a hostel in the district 52. During 1980-81, there were in all 1,053 during 19 g 0-8 I _ It provided accommodation to educational institutions in the district, out of which 50 students. A sum of Rs. 2.81 lakhs was awarded eight colleges were for gcnerdl education and as scholarship to the students studying in pre-matric simiL r number was for professional education in classes in the year under reference. addition to one University at Pilani Besides, there Were 136 Higher Secondary/Secondary Schools, 188 Medical and Public Health Middle Schools, 7 10 Primary Schools and two profe ssional Schools. During the period under reference, 56. By the end of December 1980, there were 20 I ,462 schoI:trs (157,978 boys and 43,484 girls) eight hospitals in urban Ilre:lS (thre~ at Jhunjhuuun were getting education in all type!> of these institutions 2nd one edch at Mandawa, Baggn, Chirawa, Khetri and 5,891 teachers l5,126 males and 765 females) and Nawalgarh) and one in rural areas at Malsisar were engaged in the teaching profe~sion_ On an (Jhunjhunun tehsil). During the period under review, average, there were around 34 scholars per teacher while five urban dispensaries were functIOning in the in the district. district, the n umber of rural dispensaries was eighteen. Several hospitals are also run by private institutions 53. Until 1951, llirlu Engineering College at in the district among which the note-worthy are Pilani was the only engineering college in the State. Jaipuria Eye Hospit,\! and D. P. More Hospital Birla Institute of Tec]lI1010gy and Science also fur,c at Nawal!;arh; Rungta Hospital at Baggnr and Birla tions in Vidya Vihar town adjacent to Pilani. The Sarvajanik Hospital, Pilani. ( xxviii )
57. There are eight Primary Health & RFW 1950-51 which increased to 397 km by the end of centre in the district. Urban Family Welfare Centres March, 196 I and further rose to 759 km by are functioning at Jhunjhunun, Nawalgarh, Chirawa, 1980-81. The road development works in the Udaipurwati and Bissau. Besides, Aid Posts are run district Jurin~ the last decade are reflected In the two in urban areas at Jhunjhunun and Mandrela and following tnble : five in rural areas one each at Aisisar (Jhunjhunun tehsil), Indrapura and Barwa in Udaipurwati tehsil, Type of roads (in Kilometres) Kajla (Khetri tehsil) and Budaniya (Chirawa tehsil), ,------"------, the last of which was started in 1981"82. Year Total Painted Metalled Fair weather (including & dressed-up 58. Government Hospital, Jhunjhunun is the concrete, tracks main hospital of the district which is well equipped if any) with the facilities of paediatric, T. B. clinic, isolation ward, eye ward, post partum centre. dental clinic etc. 2 3 4 5 1970-71 536 391 82 63 59. Survey Education Teaching Centre (S.E T.) for leprosy are run at Surajg:uh, Khirol (Ud3.ipurwati 19 7 1-72 536 391 82 63 tehsil) Jasrapur and Buhana (Khetri tehsil) and 1972-73 557 397 132 28 Udaipurwati. Anti Rabic Centres function at Govern 1973-74 557 403 129 25 ment hospitals of Jhunjhunun and Chirawa; Ajeet 1974-75 557 420 115 22 Hospital, Khetri; Gavernment dispensaries of Nawal garh and Singhana and also at Primary HC1lth 1975-76 670 447 54 169 Centre, Udaipurwati. 1976-77 654 470 64 120 1977-78 654 491 55 108 60. While X-ray facilities are available in the 1978-79 693 544 41 108 Government hospitals of Jhunjhul1un and Chirawa; Government dispensary, Mukandgarh; Aject Hospital, 1979-80 726 592 29 105 Khetri and Referal Hospital, Udaipurwati, the 1980-81 759 647 5 I 61 pathological laboratories function in these institutions in addition to ParasrampuHI and Ponkh. Institutions 64. As per data av.\ilable in the above table, (Government & Non-Government) approved for there were 759 km road, in th.:: district during M.T.P. work are Government Hospital, Jhunjhunun; 1980-81, of which 85.24 per cent werep"linted. Sarvajanik Birla Hospital, Pilani and Maternity & 6.72 per cent metalled and the rest 61 km i. e. 8.04 Child Welfare Centres Nawalgarh, Mukandgarh, per cent were fair weather & dressed-up track~. Chirawa and Bissau. J n the ye!lf 19 ill, 3,933 vehicles were registered 111 the district of which private cars & jeeps were 61. During the year 1980, 6,723 in-door reponed to be 25.7 t per cent; public & printe patients and 578,528 out·door p3tients were treated carriers 22.60 per cent; motor cycles, tri-cycks and in these Government Allopathic institutions In the scooters 21.41 per cent; stage clfriages 16.1 2 per district. Out of the total number of eligible conples. cent; tractors & trailvrs 12.13 per cent and the rest 17.5 per cent had been protected by the end of 2.03 per cent (including 0.0 5 per cent of c:Jnlract & 1979-80 by various methods of family planning. taxi cMriages) were comprised of vehicles of oth~r types. All the important places of t he district are 62. By the end of March 1980, there were two connected with bus routes but traffic is subject to Government AYUlvedic & Unani h0spitals with 15 frequent interruptions during rainy season. Upto beds in addition to I 11 dispensaries in the district. 1980-81, 2 I routes under Khetri D..!pot and 3 I roules under Jhunjhunun Depot with route distance Transport and Communication of 2,483 km and 3,572 km respectively w.:re 63. Though no National llighwJY Passes nationalised. through the district. it is connected by St, te Highway. major di"trict roads and village roads etc. The 65. The di,trict is conn·::cted by til;: m!trc-gauge district had about 267 km r03d~ during the ye:tr line of the Western RailwJ.Y. The railway connecting xxix )
Sawai Madhopur with Loharu passes through have been functioning in the district, one e:lch at several stations of the district. On this route Jhunjhunun, Alsisar, Chirawa, Surajgarh, Khetri a railway track connecting Sikar with Loharu passes Buhana, Udaipurwati and Nawalgarh. Tehsilwise through Jhunjhunun, Nawalgarh, Mukandgarh, data regarding panchayat samities together with the Chirawa, Surajgarh towns as well as the villages Nari villages covered under each i" given in the table Khetri and Bhaothari of Chirawa tehsil. Madansar of below Khetri tehsil, Nooan and Bhojasar of Jhunjhunun tehsil and Ratanshahar. Another railway track connec Total No. of ting Sikar with Churu passes through Bissau town villages and Mahansar village of Jhunjhunun tehsil. Dabla Name of Name of Tehsil covered by each Singhana line has also been opened in 1974 for goods P,lllchayat Samiti Panchayat Samiti traffic whereon only one railway !>tation of Singhana exists in the district. There is an aerodrome at Pilani and landing ground at Jhunjhunun. 2 3
66. There are rest houses at Jhunjhunun, Jhunjhunun Jhunjhunun H)7 Nawalgarh, Khetri and Chirawa. Guest HOH,e facility Alsisar IOU is also available at Pilani. Chirawa Chirawa 68 Surajgarh 96 67. During 1979-80, there were 380 post offices, 22 tekgraph offiCes. 16 telephone exchanges and 40 Khetri Khetri 74 public call offices At the end of 1979-80, there Buhana I 17 were 16,070 broadcast receiving set3 in the district Udaipurwati Udaipurwati 68 of which 14,560 were utilised for domestic, 71 for Nawalgarh commercial and 1,439 for other pUiposes. 62
Local Bodies and Co-operative Movement 70. These Panchayat Samities are und~r the control of the Zila Parish ad headed by Zila Pramukh 68. At present, there are 13 I\.Junicip::tI as its chairman but are administrdtively supervised towns in the District. Chirawa and Khetri towns by the Collector of the distirict who is also the ex have the oldest municip.11it es in the district. They officio District D~velopment Officer. A Panchayat weJe established in 1925 by Khetri Thikana Samiti is mainly responsible lor various develop Administration. Another municipality lor Jhunjhunun mental activities In its aiea, whi;:h include, among was constituted by the erstwhile J2 ipur State in 1931, other things, the implem~lllation of the community while the Inunicip.1lities of PJlani, BJgg'lr and Surajgarh development programmes. Government has posted came into existance in 194 t, and those of skilled personnel, technicians and agricultur~1 f'xtension Bissau, Mandawa and Nawalgarh started functioning officials in these Pan::hayat Samities for providing gui in 1945. The municIpality at Mukandgarh was dance and assistance to the villagers. starred in 1949. Udaipurwilti in 1952, Vidya Vihar in 1959 and Mandrela in 1976. The main source 71. The begining of the co-operative movement of income of these municipalities is octroi in addition in thi .. district W_l~ made in 19-18, ,vhen the first C0- to grants provided by the Government. The items operative in~titution i. e. a co-orerative store at of expenditure, interalia, include sanitation, street Surajgarh was eslabli<;hed A branch of the Co lighting. water supply, <:,)l1struction of the municipal operative D
societies during the period was Rs. I 74.70 lakhs ami villages with the help of the World Bank were also Rs.l,539.62 lakhsrespectively. While the deposits and made. In all 283 villages were benefitted by the borrowings amounted to Rs. 109.27 lakhs and drinking watcr arrangements up till 1980-81. Narhar Rs. 1,112.7Slakhsrespeclively, the loans advanced by village of Chirawa tehsil and Shimla village of Khetri the societies was Rs. 762.64 lakhs. The following table tehsil have been provided with drinking water by gives tile details of Co-operative Banks and Societies imtalling pipe 1in-:s and constructing water tanks. of various categories functioning on 30th June, 1981 While villages Guda and Ponkh (Udaipurwati tehsil) have been facilitated with drinking water, village Nawalari (Udaipurwati tehsil) has been connected Member Type of Society No. with water tanks Besides, drinking water is available ship to the villagers by the schemes undertaken for Bhanpura and Dhatarwal and also by the Regional 2 3 Drinking Water Scheme of Patharia. In urban areas, I. Central Co-operativi! Bank 290 a tank of higher capacity and two tube-wells were con~tructed while additional arrangements for drinking ~- 2. Primary Land Development Bank 7,910 water have been made in Chirawa and Mandawa 3. Agricultural Credit Societies 163 126,607 towns. 4. Non-Agriculturill Credit Societies 9 305 :-.. Marketing Societies 3 732 74. In order to improve the economic candi tions a nd for providillg employment to sl11all and 6. Milk Supply Societies 7 239 marginal cultivators, land-less iabourers and un 7. Sheep Breeding Societies 3 62 employed young persons. Integrated Rural Develop 8. Fanll·ing Societies 10 240 ment Scheme has been made effcctiv0 in all the Panchayat Samities since 2nd O.:tober, 1980. Under 9. Central Consumer Store 1 4,308 this scheme, a sum of Rs. I R.17 lakhs was given' as 10. Primary Consumer Stores 7 8,868 grants till March, 1981 for purchasing milch cClttle, I I. Housing Societies 62 2,673 camels, sheep, goats, bullock and camel carts. Rural 12. Weavers Societies 3 170 un-employed youths numbering 485 have been trained in various crafts under TRYSEM scheme. 13. Industrial Society I 19 120 14. District Instil ute "15. During the year 1980-81, 186 children of 15. Societies under liquidation 194 2,465 ex-military personnel were awarded scholarships of Rs. 5.79 lakhs by the District Military Welfare Board. Total 466 155,008 Additionally, 192 ex-military personnel were employed in various State Government, Quasi-Government & Other Developmental Actiyities Private Institutions and 63 per sons were recommended for the allotment of old military vehicles. 72. Famine relief works were launched in the district and in order to provide employment in the scaracity areas, 203 construction works costing 76. In the industrial sector, the District Industry Centre has been able to establish five and tlllrteen Rs. 19.44 lakhs were sanctioned in thc year 1980-S1 in various Panchayat Samities while 84 other relief new industrial units at Cbirawa and Pilani respectively works amounting to Rs. I 1 lakhs were sanctioned up till March, 1981 and the work for establishing under the National Rural Employment Scheme. On more units was in progress The survey work for departmental basis, 25 works costing Rs. 9.74 lakhs establishing ten ancillary industries in the region of to public works Deparment and 12 other works Khetri Copper Project was over by this period. amounting to Rs. 6.00 lakhs orIrrigation Department, were sanctioned. Social and Cultural activities Fairs and Festil'a/s 73. Arrangements were made to provide drink ing W<1ter by the traditional resources in 94 villages 77. CompUlsions of modern living have brought and under Regional Drinking Water Scheme to nine changes io our social life, and yet the traditional fairs villages. Arrangements for providing water to ten and festivals, hallowed by medieval warriors and ( xxxi saints, have not lost their social significance and ( ri) Rameshll'ardasji-ka-Jfela commercial value. Moreover, they play an important A fair is held on every Amavasya of the month role in attracting tourists as the fairs are joyful at village Basai in Khetri tehsil. The shrine of occasions in the life of the rural folk in India. Rameshwardasji is well worth a visit becaust' of the Community dances, religions discourses, exhibitions marble slabs on which the whole of Ramayan is of feats of strength and skill, sweet-shops, etc-etc. inscribed attract rural mlsses, TV cameramen, foreign corres pondents and indologists. Fairs are a great source of 78 In addition to the above other, f,\irs which revenue to the State exchequer, besides, being the deserve a mention are Ram Navami fair at Jhun right place to appeal, inform and educate the jhunun town; The Dehimai Tateeja and Sundardasji backward masses, the Illiterate aborigines and other at Tateeja and Gadrata villages respectively in Khetri classes. The important fairs helel in the district are the tehsll; and fairs at Dhosi Kund, Bhopalg:\rh Kund, following: Shri Baghcshwar Kharkad,L Kund, l\1.lndana Kund and Kirori. Local cattle-fairs are organised within ( i) Ralli Sali Fair tht! Illuniclpal areas at Beer (Jhuujhunun), Surajgarh, This religious fair j" held at Jhunjhllnun town Vidya Vihar, Pibni, Nawalgarh, Bissau. and in the on Bhadrapada Budi I 5 (Aug -Sept.) every year Panclllyat Samiti areas of Jhunjhul1un, Udaipurwati, The estimated congregation is about 3 lakh persons. Nawalgarh, Chirawa, Khetri and Buhana. The visitors offer [heir worship to Sati Mlta. The Rani Sati fair ic; held at Jhlljhar village in Udaipurwati 79. The main festivals of the Hindus are tehsil also. Deewali, Holi, Gangaur. Teej and Da-;hera. The;! Muslims observe ldul-fiter, Idlll-Zuha. Shab-e-barat, ( ii) Ram Deoii-ko-Me!a Ramzan, Barawafat and Moharrum. Among the jains This fair is held at Nawalgarh town from the principal festivals are Mahavir Jayanti, Paryu~h:m Bhadrapada Sudi 9 to I I (Aug -Sept) every year. and Samvatsari. The gathering is over a lakh of people. The shrine of Ram D\!oii is the centre of attract ion and adoration Places of Religiou~, Historical and Archaeological on the occasion. Olher fairs with the same name are Importance, and Tourist Interest organised at village Loyal In Khetri te~lsil and 80. Some of the pl.:lces of historical and archae Malsisar in jhunjhunun tehsil. ological interests are the folIo wi ng
( iii) Sheet/ash/ami F..Jir Jhunjhunun This fair is held at Jhunjhllnun town in honour The main town of t:JC district with a popUlation of Sheetla Mata on Chaitra Budi 8 (March-April) of47,177 in I.JSlisl71 kmtothe norlh-westof every year. Other fairs with the same name are held Jaipur CIty on Sawai M,ldhopur- Loharu section of at many villages in the district. the western Railway. The Dargah of Shaikh Kamur ud-din Shah on a hillock nearby presents a beautiful ( i") NiJrh,ll·pirji-ka-M eta sight There is an old Jain temple too. The f..tm0us This fclir is held anlltLtlly at vil!Jge Narhar on Rani S.:lli temples are to the norrh-west of the town. Chirawa-Pilani rO.ld on Bh:ldrapad,l Budi 8 (Aug They are m:lgnilicent structures sprawling over a \":1"t Sept.). It is a religious pbce f,nl1ous for its pir area with many adjuncts. Akhaga.rh and Badalgarh Shakkar Shah Dargah. As all communities join in are associated with the R1jput h!roes of the region the celebration it C.1n be said tJ b.: a symbol of Jeetmal-kJ-Slgar is a beautiful picnic spot to communal harmony. the north of the town.
( \,) Lohagarh Fair Nawalgarlz This fair is organised at Lohagarh village in This fascin..tting town is a Sub-Divisional head Udaipurwati tehsil on Bhadrapada Budi 15 (Aug. quarters. It is connected with 3hurtjhunun by r,\il and Sept.) every year. Thousands gather at the sire, and road. It is the second biggest town (pOpubtlon feel happy and purified by a dip in the holy 38.7,7) of the district. It has a line college with a clock waters there. tower; but what it is re:llly famolls for th~ 'havelis' ( xxxii )
(mansions) of 'Scths'. These medieval constructions, 67 km from Jhunjhunul1. It is a wcll-laid town numbering over a hundrl!d, arl! profusely painted in situated in the midst of hills. A medieval Rajput Rajasthani style. A Shiva Temple with a multi fort on one of these hills ncarby, lends it beauty. The head-ed 'Iingam,' a fine tiled cenotaph near the railway town has a large tank built by Panna Lal Shah. A station and the Aath Havelis are places worth a visit palace built by a modem prince, The Ramkrishna Mission Centre, the fortress of Bagor and the famous Vidya Vi/lOr Copper Plant at Khetri Nagar are some of the other places which the tourists should visit. 1 he Vivekanand According to 198 [ Ccnsus the township has a Memorial at Khetri and Ajit Sagar Dam (about I I km. population of 9,025; but the pbce is most renowned from Khetri town) are other attractions. This dam is for the contribution it has made to the advancement famous for duck Shooting. of sc'enti{ic and technical education in India, The Birla Institute of Technology and S;;ience (B I.T.S.) Lohagarh is located here. The very impressive Central Museum of Science and Technology aims at acquainting the This is a small villag;: in Udaipurwati tehsil and youcg with the marvels of modern achievements, and is situated about 80 km. from the district headquarter thus fostering an abiding interest with a view to of Jhunjhunun and 29 km. from Nawalgarh town. pursuing still higher ends. The Gandhi Gallery in the This place is said to have been visited by Pandavas. B. 1. T. S. building is a rale collection of photographs They took baths in the holy watcr of the natural from the Mahatma Era. Another important establish stream. Fairs are also held here twice a year. ment in Vidya Vihar is th., Central Electronics Engin~ring Research Institute of the Govt. of India. 8 I. Apart from the places mentioned above the other places worth the name are Saraswati temple at Khetri Pilani and the Chyavan Rishi's Ashram. This town with a population of 12,594 is about HISTORY OF DI5TRICf {ENSUS HANDBOOK
Prior to 195 I, Census Reports were printed time in 1961 Census the maps for the district and for the whole province/state. The idea of preparing tehsils were also included in the District Census the District Census Handbooks separately for each Handbooks. district was conceived during 195 I ,Census as a part of a plan intended to secure an effective method of 4. In 1971 Census series of District Census preserving the Census data below the district leveL Handbooks villagewise 'Village Directory' giving The idea was that all the district census tables should services, facilities or amenities available in the village be bound together in a single volume called the was given. 'Town Directory' was introduced for the first District Census Handbook. Since then the District time giving useful information in respect of every town Census Handbooks are being published regularly. of the district. Rural Primary Census Abstract upto village level and Urban Primary Census Abstract upto 2. The 1951 Census series of District Census enumeration block level were given in District Census Handbooks were printed in two parts. Part-I contained Handbooks. While the District, Tehsil and Town five General Population Tables (A-Series), three maps were included, the inclusion of Census Tables Economic Tables (B-Series), five Household and Age was dispensed with in the District Census Handbooks Tables (C-Series), and seven Social and Cultural Tables in 1971 Census. (D-Series). In Part-II of District Census Handbook "Prim ray Census Abstract and Village Directory" 5. The scope of 1981 series of District Census which showed the basic population figures for each Handbooks has been enlarged specially in relation to village or town classified by livelihood classes, were in amenities and land-use pattern. Apart from new items cluded along with some information of general nature. like uses of electricity, details af communication points, information for which was not collected in 3. The 1961 Census series of District Census 1971 Census, a note on each district covering general Handbooks were printed in single volume in which information on its history, topography, flora, fauna Primary Census Abstract up to village and town/ward and administrative set up etc. has also been added. level and Village Directory upto village level were given. The format cf the Primary Census Abstract has also Besides, some official statistics collected from various been restructured in the light of changes in economic state departments, four General Population Tables and other questions canvassed in the 1 98 1 Census but (A-Series), sixteen Economic and Household T?bles at the same time, all efforts have been made to retain (B-Series), seven Social and Cultural Tables (C Series), comparability with 197 J Census data. The inclusion four Housing Tables (E Series) and eight Special Tables of Special Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled for Scheduled CasteS/Scheduled Tribes were also Castes and Tribes at the Tehsil/Town level is another provided in District Census Handbooks. For the first innovation introduced in 198 I Census series.
JH 5 SCOPE OF VILLAGE AND -TOWN DIRECTORY AND PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT
In Part-A of the District Census Hand- shown against the name of the refer rent village if they book, named as Village and Town Directory, an are available wi1hin the village with the help of attempt has been made to present information various codes. The code structure relating to various regarding various amenities/facilities available in every columns has been given in the beginning of Section-I rural/urban unit of the State. The unit of the rural to Part-A of this book. The number of each type areas is village and that of urban area is town/urban of amenity has been indicated in p3.renthesis after agglomeration. Information regarding rural areas the suitable code in case of educational, medicaL and Census Towns Ins been gathered through and post and telegraph facilities. Patwaries while that in respect of urban areas other than Census Towns has been collected through 4. If any amenity is not avaihble within the the concerned Municipality (Cantonment Board/ village a dash (-) has been shc>wn in the relevant Notified Area Committee. In order to have the column and next to it, the distance of the nearest aforesaid information authenticated, the concerned place from the reierrent vilbge where the facility is depar~ments and agencies were also contacted to available has been given in broad distance ranges viz., furnish information available with them. All the -5 km. 5 -·10 km & 10+km. infcrmation gathered about amenities relate to year 1980 and those pertaining to land-use pattern pertain 5. The following pattern has been adopted for to Samvat year 2036 i.e. the agricultural year ending indicating the educational institutions: - on the 30th June, 1980. ( i) Schools upto dass V have been treated as Village Directory primary schools. They include Nursery It will be helpful at the outset to have an ide'l. Schools, Kinder garten Schools, Pre-b:lsic and of the items f0r which information hias been included Pre-Primary Schools and Junior B:lsic Schools up to class V. 10 the ViILge Directory Information in respect of e:,ch vilhge h:ts been presented through a twenty column-format in which villages have been presented (Ii) All schools having classes VI to VIII have been treated as Middle Schools. III order of their location codes a5signed at tehsil level. The first four columns give general information I.e. location code number, name, area in hectares, (iii) All schools having classes IX and X have population and number of households residing in been treated as Secondary Schoois. villages as per Census 198 I . The amenities available in the village have been shown in columns 5-14. The (iv) All schools having classes XI and XII hwc information regarding land-use pattern has been given been treated as Higher Secondary Schools. They include Senior C:lmbridge Schools, in columns 15-19 and column 20 contains special information about the village, if any, including Schools under 10 + 2 scheme, Intermediate, information regarding places cf religious, historical or Pre-University and Junior College etc. archaeological interest. In case of uninhabited villages, 6. In case of composite schools reievant groups the information has been given relating to columns of classes have been treated separately e.g. a school 1-4, 12 and 15-19 only and in the remaining columns the word 'uninhabited' has been mentioned. At the having classes I to XII h.ls b..::cn shown as having one primary, one middle, one secondary and one higher end of the entries of each tehsil the totals relating to columns 3-6 and 15-19 (total area, amenities and secondary school The term 'College,' includes all land-use break-up), have also been presen:ed, types of colleges whether Arts/Science/Commerce! Medical/Engineering! Agriculture and others imparting 3. Various amellities like drinking water, education at Graduate or Post-Graduate level, Insti communicalion, post ,1nd telegraphs etc. have been tutions, other than industrial schools, training school ( xxxv ) and adult literacy classes/ centres have been shown I Forest under 'others'. It denotes those lands which have been termed as forest by the competent authority. 7. In case of Medical Institutions, Hospitals and Dispensaries, Allopathy, Ayurvcdic, Unani a:o.d II Irrigated land Homoeopathy, have been shown together. Qther It relates to land which has actually been irrigated institutions include all types of Yogic, Naturopathy, in the referrent ye:lr. The source wise break-up has HospJlals. Dispensaries, Leprosy Centre etc. not been presented as no such information was available in respect of the net irrigated area. 8. In case there are more than one source of potable water faci!ity available in the village ali such III Unirrigated land sources have been shown separately. Postal amenities include Post Office, Telegraph Office aD.d Tclephoes The term covers all the unirrigated land which are shown separately. Actual day or days of cultivated during the referrent year and land market/hat have heen shown wherever such market/ lying fallow upto four years. hat is held. IV Culturable waste 9. In case there are more than one communi It includes G,lUcher i. e. pasture and grazing cation facilities these have been indicated separately by land and tree-groves. relevant codes. Approach to the village refers to the state of roads etc. leading to the village from the V Area not available for Cultivation communication centres i.e. bus stand/railway station It refers to land which has not been classified in etc. This is to give an idea wh~ther the village is any of the above mentioned types and also includes easily approachable in all types. of weather or becomes house-sites, roads, rivers, nulhhs, hillocks etc. inaccessible for sometime in the year. Where there are more than one approach roads these have been 13. Information regarding newspaper circulation indicated separately by relevant codes. and auto-vehicles and tractors has also been shown in the 'remarks' column besides mentioning places of 10. Information regarding the nearest town religious, historical or achaeological interest therein. indicates the name of such town alongwith the distance from the re.Ferrent village irrespective of the fact J 4. The following four appendices have also whether sllch town is located within Rajasthan or in been provided to present the position obtaining in some other adjoining states. In case of town situated tehsil and district ; to Scheduled under the i'ullowing five headings :- Castes and Part-B to Scheduled Tribi!s. (, xxxvi)
Town Directory Statement I 15. Particulars about each town have been 20. It deals with the status and growrh history presented in the form of six statements. In towns of the town. Columns I to 6 give inform:ltion where there are notified slums an additional statement regarding class, name and civic status of the town, its (IV-A) has ~dso been given in which information location code number. name of the tehsil in which regarding civic and other amenities available in the it is situ:lted, its area in sq. km and number of notified slums have been shown. In each statement households including houseless hou,eholds residing in towns have been arranged in alphabetical order. the town as Nr 198 I Census. The class of the town has been determined on the basis of its population 16. As has been explained earlier, urban as per Census 198 I and the civic administration status agglomerations are of two types: first those constituted relates to the year 1980. Columns 7 to 15 sh:Jw the by two or more independent towns and second those population of the town in different d~cennial censuses where the urban characteristics have developed in the beginning from 190 I up to 198 I. The growlh rate in adjoining rural areas which have developed as terms of percentage in respect of previous census has out-growth of the referrent town. been shown below the p;)puhtion figures pertaining to each Census beginning from c.)lumn 8 onwards. 17. Where an urban-agglomeration includes two or more independent towns, the names of towns 2 I. A 'dash' under these columns indicates constituting the agglomeration have been indicated in that the rderrent town did not hwe an urban status the alphabetical arrangement but their names have in the refcrrent Census. D~nsity of pJpulation per also been repeated in the alphabetic.ll order under the sq. km as p~r Census 1981 has been shown in column name of the agglomeration after the name of the main 16 and sex-ratio (number of females per 1,000 males) or core town and information relating to these has have been indicated fur three Censuses viz. 1961 to been shown here. The particulars of the constituent 1981 in columns 17 to 19. units of the agglomerations have not been repeated wherever they occur separately in the alphabetical order Statement II and a note "See referrent-agglomeration" has been 22. This statement gives informltion abJut given against such names. The lines relating to the the physical asp~cts and bC.ltionll p_lfticulars of th~ information regarding urban agglomeration as a whole town in 1979. First two columns give the ~erial have not been numbered but the constituent units as number, name and st.ltus of the town. CJlumn 3 and when they occur in the alphabetical order have to 5 deal with the physical aspects viz. rainf.dl and been numbered so that the last number agrees with the temperature. Rainfall figures are the averag·:: of the total number of towns in the district concerned. In rainfall for the last ten ye this distance has been shown zero. Information municipalIty. Other sources of expenditure have been regarding the nearest city of population one lakh or specified where possible but mostly the£e are of more has been given in respect of its situation with miscellaneous nature. in the State or even if this city may be situated in other State. In case the nearest city happens to be Statement IV situated in other State, the name of the concerned State has been shown against the name of the city in 26. This statement deals with the civic and parenthesis. How the referrent town is approachable other types of public amenities and provides infor is given in columns 10 to 12 which indicate the mation about road lengths, system of sewerage, types availability of Communication I facilities viz. railway of latrines, method of disposal of night-soil, protected station, bus-route and navigable river/canal within 10 water-supply, availability of fire-fighting service and km. There is no navigable river or canal in Rajasthan. electrification, besides general information. In case of water-supply the source of water as also the system Statement III of its storage have been shown. The storage cap':lCity 24. It gives information about the finances of has been shown in litres. In case of disposal of the civic body controlling the local civil administration night-soil and protected water-supply, particulars have and it has been presented in '00 rupees. A 'dash' been given in respect of two methods/sources in order in this statement indicates that no receipt or expendi of their importance if more than one existing in ture has occurred under the particular head and 'N' the town. In case fire-fighting servic,;: is not available represents negligible amount. First three columns give in the town the name of the nearest place if in ihe general information, columns 4 to 10 present receipt same district or the name of the nearest district if in under broad categories and total receipt and columns the same State or other State where available along I I to I 7 present expenditure under broad categories with distance from the referrent town has be':ln and total expenditure. The receipt and expenditure mentioned. has been presented under six broad categories each. While receipt through taxes implies all receipts from Statement IV-A taxes obligatory or others and revenue derived from municipal power and property, it also includes income 27. Information about notified slums in Class I derived from holding of fairs and exhibitions, supp ly and II towns has been shown in this statement in of milk, licence fee, cattle-ponds, fines, and penalties, order to give an idea about the amenities available to transport services. places of entertainment, allotment the slum-dwellers. Particulars about paved roads, sale/lease of land and rent etc. Government grants system of sewerage, number of tap points/public include per capita grant, grant from Public Works hydrants for supply of protected water and electrifica Department and grant from the Social Welfare and tion have been provided in respect of every slum in other departments. Other sources of receipts have each town if there are any. been specified, wherever possible but generally they are of miscellaneous nature. Statement V 25. Expenditure on general administration 28. Particulars of medical, educational, reClea covers salary and wages of staff, contingent expenditure tional and cultural facilities available in the town have on staff, grants, loans and advances to the staff etc. been given in this statement and the number of each Expenditure on public safety covers fire-fighting, type of these facilities has also been shown in paren light, water and lease facilities, regulating the thesis alongwith the appropriate code. dangerous/hazardous trade/works/occupation, water supply, registration of births and deaths, dis 29. In case of medical facilites the number of posal of garbage, rubbish and night-soil. Public beds wherever available has also been shown. health and conveniences cover all types of medical Allopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani and HomoeopJ.thic aid and maintenance of the destitutes etc. Public Hospitals/Dispensaries have been shown separately. works include maintenance and construction of roads No code Ius been provided for allopathic institutions and buildings and relief works in times of famine and and their numbers have been shown only in figures. scarcity. Expenditure in public institutions covers Thus 'I' beside 'H' code for Hospital means an all types of social, cultural, educational. religious Allopathic Hospital. Separate codes have been provided institutions etc. which are run or patronised by the for other three systems of medicine, ( xxxviii ) 30. If a medical or educational facility is not level. The first column shows the serial number and available in the town, the name of the nearest the second column gives the name of District!Tehsil place, if in the s:!me district or the name of the nearest Urban-Agglomeration!City!Town. Total/Rural/Urban district if in the same Srr,te or other State where levels have been indicated in column 3. Area of the e.vailable c:nd its distance (in krn.) from the referrent referrent unit has been indicated in column 4 in square town has been mentioned. Details of medical insti kilometres. Columns 5 and 6 deal with the number tutions shown under 'Others' have aiso been explained of occupied residential how;es and number of house· in the footnote below the statement V. holds residing in the referrent unit. Information regarding total population, including institutional and 31. Arts, Science and Commerce Colleges have houseless poplllation, has been presented in columns been shown separately. While showing the educatio 7 to 9 with sex-wise distribution. nd institutions l~pto Higher Sec()ndary level tb.e same procedure as adopted in case of Village Directory, has 36. Columns 10-12 and 13-15 deQI with the been followed. (see para 6) In case of composite sex-wise presentation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled schools relevant classes have been treated separately Tribes popUlation respectively. Information regarding e. g. a school having classes I to XII has been treated literates has been shown in columns I 6-18. Columns as being composed of onc Primary, one Middle, one 19-2 I deal with the sex-wise break-up of main Secondary and one Higher Secondary School. workers and columns 22-33 deal with the classifi cation of main workers into four major categorid, 32. All other types of educational institutions sex-wise. The first and second categories correspond which are not covered in columns 6 to I 4 have to categories of workers used in 197 1 Census and been sho\vn in column 15 under 'Others' and include present cultivators and agricultural labourers. The technical/voc~tiol1al and training institutions like third category represents workers engaged in household Applied Art Painting College, Pharm:::cy College, industry, manufilcturing, processing, servicing and Agricultur:ll College, Teachers' Ti·aining Collegej repairs corresponding to category V (a) of the District Institutions, Music/Dance School etc. and the details Primary Census Abstract 197 I . All other renuining regarding these ~ave been shown in footnote below workers have been grouped together in the fourth the statement. category and include workers eng:lged in categories Ill, IV, V (b) and VI to IX of the District Statement VI Primary Census Abstract 1971 which are explained 33. This statement contains particulars regar below: ding trade, commerce, industry, and banking. It gives names of three most important commodities imported, Categories of workers exported and manufactured in the town besides the De~cription of 197 I Census inclu number of banks, agricultural and non-agricultural ded in 'other workers' credit societies functioning in the town. A list of the of 198 1 Census out-growths if any, alongwith their population and name of the core town has also been provided at the end of the Town Directory. III Livestcck, Forestry. FIshing, Hunting and Plantations. Primary Census Abstract Orchards and Allied activi 34. Primary Census Abstract h"s been presented ties. at three levels : IV Mining and Quarrymg. (i) District Primary Census Abstract. V (b) Manufacturing, Processing, (ii) Urban/Village Primary Census Abstract. Servicing ~llld Repairs other (iii) Special Primary Census Abstn~ct for than Household Industry Scheduled CasteS/Scheduled Tribes at VI Construction district level. VII Trade and Commerce 35. There are thirty nine columns in the VIn Transport, Storage and District Primary Ce:1sus Abstr<:ct and the date has Communication been presel~tcd c.t the District/T;:hsiI/U. A/City! Town IX Other Services ( X)I..~ix ) Columns 34-39 deal with sex-wise distribution-of City /Town respectivdy. Column 3 indicates whether marginal workers and non-workers respectively. the information is for total, rural or urban areas. Column 4 gives the nUlaber of households with 37. There are twenty eight columns in the Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe members. Columns Primary Census Abstract for presenting data at the 5-7 give the sex-wise distribution of Scheduled Castel Urban/Village level. The first column shows the Scheduled Tribe popUlation. location code number of the unit for which the information has been provided and the second 42. Columns 8-10 show the sex-wise break-up column gives the name of Tehsil!ViIlage/Town/Ward. of literates among Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes In the case of viilage, area. hets been presented in Columns 1 I -13 deal with the number of main wi)rkers hectares and in the case of Town/Tehsil, in square while columns 14-25 present the sex-wise break-up kilometres in column 3. of main workers into four major categories. Columns 26-28 deal with sex-wise distribution of marginal 38. Columns 4 and 5 deal with the number workers and columns 29-31 present the sex-wise of occupied residential houses and number of house distribution of non-workers among t.he Scheduled holds residing in the referrent unit. Information Castes/Scheduled Tribes. regarding total population has been given in columns 6 to 8 with sex-wise break-up. The total population Area Figures here includes institutional and houseless population. 43. We have foilowed two sources as regards 39. Information regarding Scheduled Caste the presentation of area figures. The figures for the and Scheduled Tribe population has been presented total area of the district have been taken from the in columns 9-10 and I I -I 2 respectively by giving Survey of India. The urban area for a district has sex-wise distribution. Information regarding number been deducted from the Surveyor General of India's of literate males and females in each referrent unit figures for the district as a whole to give the rural has been given in columns 13-' 4. area at the district level. In the case of towns, area figures have been collected from the Municipalities and Tehsils and in a few cases, where outg.-owths 40. Columns 15 and 16 deal with number of male (part) are formed, approximate urban areas have been and female main workers respectively while columns made USe of. At the tehsil level, however, the tot:11 I 7 to .!. 4 deal with classification of main workers area has been arrived at by adding the urban and into four major categories. Columns 25-26 deal with rural areas, the latter having been obtained by totall male and female marginal workers and columns ing up the areas of all its constituent villages/'Part 27-28 deal with male and female non-w0rkers. village:.. Thus, it will be seen that while urban com ponent at the district level, the same is not true for 41. The data in respect of Scheduled Castes rural area, that is, tehsil level rural area figures will and Scheduled Tribes have separately been presented not add up to the rural areas as reported at the in the Special Primary Census Abstract at the Districtl district level. At the district level, the total area TehsiljU. A./City/Town level. There are thirty one and the rural area have been given in sq. krn. upto columns in this format. The first two columns give one place of decimal but in case of urban centres the the serial number and name of the District/Tehsil/U.AI same has been given upto two decimal points. CENSUS COr\CEPTS For the purpose of obtaining correct infor 4. The urban criteria of 1981 vary slightly mation and introducing uniformity, as far as possible, from that of 1961 and 1971 Censuses, in that throughout the country, certain concepts and definitions the males working in activities such as fishing, logging were adopted and used in 198 1 Census such as etc. were treated as engaged in non.. agricultural Building, Census House, Household, Scheduled Caste, activity and therefore, contributed to the 75 per cent Scheduled Tribe, Literates, Main-Workers, Marginal criterion in 1961 and 1971 Censuses whereas in Workers, Non-Workers etc. and the Rural and Urban I 98 I Census these activities have been treated as on characteristics of the population. par with cultivation and agricultural labourer for the purpose of this criterion. Rural/Urban Areas 5. It will be noticed from the definition that there are two distinct types of urban units. In the 2. One of the basic characteristics of the popu first category are those units which satisfy criterion lation obtained through the Census is its rural and (a) by virtue of a statutory notification and are refern:d urban distribution. The basic unit for rural areas is to by the nomenclature as adopted in the relevant the Revenue Village which has definite surveyed notification viz. Municipal Corporation, Municipal boundaries. The Revenue Village may comprise of Board, Cantonment Board and Notified Area ComIl'l several hamlets but for presentation of data, the entire ittee etc. The other type of urban units would be those Revenue Village has been treated as one unit. In which satisfy criteria under (b) above and which would unsurveyed villages within forest areas each habitated otherwise have been considered as rural i.e. as villages, area with lccally recognised boundaries has been but for Census purposes they are referred tl) as Census treated as one unit. Towns or Non-municipal Towns. This is to di"t inguish them from what are considered statutory towns 3. Urban areas have been specially defined for under criterion (a). It may be mentioned here that Census purposes. In the 198 I Census the same quite often villages which are classified for Censns criteria as adopted in 1961 and 1971 Censllses, have purposes as urban units under criteria (b) may been adopted, witlI some minor variations. Urban continue to be included in the village lists in tIte areas in 1981 Census consist of : revenue record. However, in Census publications, the relevant cross references are generally available and (a) All places with a Municipality, Corporation the reader would be able to identify such cases. or Cantonment Board or Notified Area Committee. Urban Agglomeration (b) All other places which satisfy the following 6. The 1971 concept of urban agglomeration criteria: has also been adopted for the 198 I Census. Very often large railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military camps etc. come up outside the ( i) A minimum popUlation of 5,000 statutory limits of the city or town but adjoining it. Such areas may not by themselves qualify to be (ii) Atleast 75% of the male working treated as towns but if they form a continuous spread popUlation being engaged in non with the town, they are out-growths of the town and agricultural (and allied) activity. deserve to be treated as urban. Such towns together with their out-growths have been treated as one urban (iii) A density of population of atleast 400 unit and called 'Urban Agglomeration'. An urban per sq. km. (or 1,000 per sq. mile). agglomeration m:.!y constitute : ( xli (a) A city with continuous out-growth (the 10. If within a large enclosed area there are part of outgrowth being outside the statu separate structures owned by different persons then tory limits but falling within the bound each such structure has been treated as one or more aries of the adjoining village or villages); separate building. Sometimes there may be a number of structures within an enclosed area or compound (b) One town with similar out-growth or two owned by an undertaking or company or government or more adjoining towns with their out which are occupied by their employees. Each such growths as in (a); structure is treated as a separate building. I f such or buildings have a number of fiats or blocks which are independent of one another having separate entrance (c) A city and onc or more adjoining towns from a common courtyard or staircase and occupied with their out-growths all of which form a by different households each such flat or block has continuous spread. been considered as a separate Census House. Building 11. Usually a structure has four walls and roof. 7. A building is, generally, a single structure 011 the But in some areas the very nature of construction of ground. Sometimes it may be made up of more than houses are such that there may not be any wall. For one component units which are used or likely to be example a conical roof and an entrance are also used as dwellings (residences) or establishments <;ueh provided. Such structures have been treated as as shops, business houses, offices, factories, worksheds, buildings and Census Houses, as the case lTlay be. schools, places of entertainment, places of worship, 12. If there are more than one structure within godowns, stores etc. It is also possiblc that build an enclosed or open compound (premises) belonging ings which have component units may be used for a to the same person e.g., the main house, the servant's combination of purposes such as shop-cum-residence, quarters, the garage etc, thc whole premises have been workshop-cum-residence, office-cum-residence etc. treated as only one building and each of the 8. Sometimes a series of different buildings are constituent separate structures has been taken as a found along a strcct which arc joined with one anothcr CensLls House provided these structures satisfy the by common walls on either side looking like a conti definition of a 'Census House' given here after. nuous structure. These different units are practicatly Census House independent of one another and likely to have been 1 3. A Census House is a building or part of a built at different times and even owned by different persons. In such cases, though the whole structure building having a separate main entrance from the with all the adjoining units apparently appears to be road or common courtyard or staircase etc. used or one building, each portion has been treated as a recognised as a separate unit. It may be occupied or separate building. On the other hand, one may come vacant. It may be used for a residential or non across cases, particularly in large cities, of multi residential purpose or both. storeyed ownership fiats. In these cases, while the 14. If a building has a number of flats or structure looks like one building, the flats arc owned blocks which are independent of one another having by different persons. ]n case of such multi-storeyed separate entrances of their own from the road or a structures, 11avi.1g a number of flats 0" ned by different common staircase or a common courtyard leading to a persons, the entire structure has been treated as one main gate, they are considered as separate Census building and each flat as a separate Census house. Houses. If within a large enclosed area, there are separate buildings owned by different persons, then 9. Somctimes in metropolitan cities thc local each such building is treated as one or more separate authorities have considered the fiats in a block or in Census House. Within an enclosed compound there large colollles as separate buildings and numbered them may be separate building~~ owned by an undertaking as such. If the house-numbering system of the local or company or even government, actually in occupation authorities has been adopted as such, each flat has of different persons. For example, I. O. C. colony also been treatcd as separate building in order to where the buildings are owned by the corporation but avoid renumbering of these houses. * these are in occupation of their employees. Each such ------~~~--~~-~~~-~-~~--~- *No such numbering don:: by town authorities has been adopted for any urban unit in Rajasthan. JH6 ( xlii ) building has been reckoned as a separate building. 1 7. It is also possible that a household u_;es But if in anyone of these buildings, there are, flats in another structure, e. g., a hili/hale, separated from the occupation of different households each flat is treated main residence by some distance or by other structures as a separate Census House. or by a road. In such cases, i~ is necessary to treat that separate structure used as baithak as a separate Census House. I 5. It may be diiTicult to apply the definition of Census House strictly in cert Scheduled Castes I Scheduled Trib( s worker / non-worker of I 961 and 1971 Ccnsu~es is discarded at the t 9 8 1 Census and instead a trichotomy 22. A person is identified as a member of a of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe on the basis of is adopted. For main worker the time criteria of the perscribed lists of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled engagement in work for the major part of the year i.e. Tribes as per the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled I 83 days or more is auopted while those who worked Tribes Lists (Amendment) Order, 1976 issued by the for some time during the last year but not for the President of India. Scheduled Castes can be major part of the year i ,e., 183 days or more are among Hindus or Sikhs only while a member of a treated as marginal workers. Those who had never ~)cheduled Tribes can profess any religion. If the worked during the last year arc treated as non-workers. person belonging to a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled This trichotomy partially permits a comparability of Tribe has returned his/her caste or tribe, it is reckoned 1981 Census economic data with that of 1971 as LiS Scheduled Coste or Scheduled Tribe only if that well as 1961. The main workers of 1981 Census name finds place in the prescribed list. can be expected to correspond to the workers of 1971 and main workers and marginal workers of 1981 Literates together to the workers of 1961 . 23. A person who can both re~,d and write 26. The main workers i.e those who have with understanding in elIlY langu~ge is trelJted as worked for 183 days or l11<}re in the year preceding literate. A person who can merely read but can not the enumeration have been further categorized as write, is not llterate. It is llot necessary that a person cultivators, agricultural labourers, or engaged m who is literate should ha\'e pa;;:sed any minimum household industry or as 'other workers.' t'ducational standard. However, all children of the age (If 4 years or less are treated as illiterate even if the Cultivator child is going to a school and may h:lVe picked up reading and writing a few odd words. 27. For purposes of the Census a person is a cultivator if he or she is engaged either as employer, Main-worker, Marginal Worker and Non-Worker single-worker or family-worker in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held from private 24. 'Work'may be defined as partil:ipation in persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or 33. Sometimes a person who may not be 38. This COVl!rs all p~rsol1s who were cng:lged working in his or her own household industry may be in unpaid hom;! duties and who had n::>t d:me any working in anoth'!r household indlHtry in which case 'work' during th~ last one yell' prec!ding the enum~ he or sht: is als.) considered to b~ engaged in house ration. If a p~r:~on who norm lily attended to holo industry. househ.)ld-duties and W.lS als.) cng'lged in some xlv ) economic n.~tivities, then he or she is a worker and not does not have to work, will come undpr this category. a non-worker. For example, a hou~ewife may have However, if a retired person, apart from drawing help.::d in family cultivation or agriculture or made pension, is doing some other work also. he has to be and sold cow-dLlng cakes at odd times, or prepared treated as a worker and not as retired person. papar, pickles etc. and sold them. She would be tre.lted as worker and not as non-worker though she Beggars is mainly a housewife. 42. This category co vcrs bcg;;:lr~, vagrants or Students cases such as persons without indication of source of income and those with unspecified sources of subsist 39. This category covers all fult-time students ence who arc not engaged in any economically produ and children attending school. If a student partici ctive work. pated in some economically productive work, say by helping sometimes as an unpaid family worker in Inmates (If InstitutlOlIS family cultivation, or in household industry, trade or bu~iness, such student has to be treated as a worker 43. Thi~ C0v-:rs cOllvicts 111 Jails or inmates of a and not as a student. On the other hand, a person penal, mental or charitable institution, even if such who mainly attended to homehold duties but took a persons are compelled to do some work such as car correspondence course or attended a part-time class pentry, carpet-weaving, vegetable-growing etc. in such would be treated as engaged in household duties. institutions. But an undertrial prisoner enumerated in a jail has to be recorded for the \york he or she was Dependents doing before hc or she W.1S apprehended. Similarly a 40. This category illcludes all dependents such person temporarily in a hospital or other similar institution has to be recorded for the kind of work he as infants or children not attending school or a person or she was doing before he or she was admitted into permanently disabled from work because of illness or old age. Dependents include even able bodied persons the hospital/institution. But for a long-term undertrial prisoner or convict in a prison or for long term who cannot be categorised in any other category of inmate of penal or charitable or m'~ntal institutions, non-workers but are dependent on others. However, the person's previous work would not be recorded. if such a person who is dependent on others for subsis A person is to be considered as 'long term' if he or tence has bt:en seeking: work, he or she is categorised as "other non-worker". she has been in such an institution for six months or more. Retired persons or Relltiers Other NOll-workers 41. A perSall who has retired from service and is doing no other work i. e. not employed again in 44. This category includes all non-workers some full-time work or not cngaged in other work who might not have come umkr any of the above such as cultivation, business, trade etc. or a person six categories but who wae looking for work. A boy who is a rentier or living on agricultural or non-agri or girl who had completed education or had stopped cultural royalty, rent or dividend or any other person studying and was looking for work comes under this of independent means for securing of which he or she category. ANALYTICAL NOTE-PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT Distribution an 1 growth of ropulation the lowest (11.86 %) in Khetri tehsi!. Regarding rural areas, Udaipurwuli tehsil aCC(lunts for the largest According to 1981 Census the population of ihe district is 1,211,583 (619,313 males and proportion (28.99 ~~) closely followed (2881 %) Khetri while Chirawa tehsil comes last 592,270 f~maks). Popu1ationwise the district ranks by tch~il contributing 20.47 per cent. jifteenth amongst the districts of the State contributing 3.5.:1 per cent to the State's total population. 4. Out of the total number of inhabited villages 1.97 per cent arc located in the district. Only three 2. As many as 960 ,316 persons live in 689 inhabited villages in the rural areas of the district villages have been reported as not having a single whereas 251,267 persons reside in 14 urban centres. person. While Jhunjhunun tehsil contributes the highest per cent of the inhabited villages in the In terms of the percentage (If the district's populJtion, 29.90 total district, the Udaipurw:lti tehsil having 129 inhabited it is 79.26 rer cent in rural and 20.74 per cent in urb:m arcas. villages ranks last with IlL 72 per cent. Chirawa tehsil has maximum number of towns (five in number) in its territorial jurisdiction, while mlfittnum 3. The most populous tehsil of the district is (2 only) has been is reported in Khetri tehsi!. The lJd .. ipurwuti sharing 28.55 per cent population of table that follows brings out districtwise and tehsilwise the district \..-hife Chirawa tehsil is sparsely populated population by sex alongwith the percentage which accounts for 21.88 per cent. The distribution distribution of persons within parentheses in total, of urban population of the district is noticed the rural and urban areas besides indicating the number highest (34.0 I %) in Jhunjhunun tehsil whereas it is of villages and towns: TABLE No.1 POPULATlON, NUMBER OF VILLAGES AND TOWNS, 1981 Population 'Ji r------______..A... .-.-----_____._----, a No. of Dislrict!Tehsil ~ Total Rural Urban Villages E-- r- _ .. ___ ..A... ___ --, .... r------"------., ,--__..A... ------, r--..A.---,. 0 Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males ci Females Total Inha- Z bited 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 - ~---~--- Jhllujhllnun District 1,211,58.3 619,313 592,270 960,316 487,753 472,563 251,267 131,560 119,707 692 689 14 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) Jhunjhu:lUn Tchsil 294,087 146,985 l·n,102 208,638 103,431 105,207 85,449 43,554 41,895 207 ::06 4 (24.27) (21.73) (34.01) Chirawa Tchsil 265,080 137,457 127,623 196,535 100,620 95.915 68,545 36,837 31,708 164 163 5 (21.88) (20.47) (27.28) Khetri Tellsil 306,522 159,915 146,607 276,712 143,239 133,473 29,810 16,676 0,134 191 191 2 (25.30) (28.81) (11.86) Udaiptlrwal; Tellsil 345,894 17-4,956 170,938 278,431 140,463 J37,968 67,463 34,49] 32,970 130 129 3 (28.55) (28.99) (26.85) - - .- - _- -- .- . - - --- ~- ~-. ( xlvii ) 5. The population of the distlict during the 7. Against the grow,h rate of 29.12 per cent P:lst eighty y~ars (I YO 1- 81 ) has witnessed an increase during 1961-7 I, the district recorded a little higher of 254.71 per cent as c(lmp.ued to State's average of growth rate (30,39%1 in 1971-~1 which is 232.83 per cen£. The di:;tri.;t Ius alway;; rec')rd"d a comparatively lower than the Stute aVl!rage or 32,97 steady increase except in the de.;ade 19 I 1-21 whe!1 p.!r cent Pecrentage decadal variation during it had decreased by .1.32 per c~nt du~ to the sprea1 1 971·8 I :,hows tfut the p.)pulation in urb.ln arC:lS of epidemics like inliu!;tz I, pLigU;!, sm dl-p,)'( and has been growing at a higher p:lce th:l11 in rura.l arl!:lS cholera wherea<; th;: fnpulation of th! Sc,tte during of the distlict, the grJwth rolt..:,; b.;ing 55.07 p~r C~nt this decade had d('crcl5ed by 6 29 per c.:nt. in urban areas and 25.17 p.:r cent in rur,ll arC.iS. 6. Considering th! guwth of P)pu1ltion in tum; 8. The highest growth rate of 3-!.8·~ per cent of absolute figures th;: p JPuiatio,l of the distri:t has during the dl!cade 1971-8 I has been rcc0rded in risen by ab::>ut 8.70 lakh~ during th! p l~t 80 y.;:a-s tehsil Khetri while Chirawa tehsil ranks last with (190 I ·8 I ). While th~ pjpul,tion incre.l."cd by over 26.62 per cent. The only Khetri tehsll h,lS rec0rded I. 'l9 lakhs during the fiest forty years (1901 ·41) it higher growth ratt! th'\'1 th~ district average in total, re~orded an increa<;e of 2 R 2 lakhs in the previoll<; rural and urban areas. Coming to the rurOlI Side of decade (197 I -8 I) alone. The table that follows the district, the highest growth f.Lte 0f 28.18 p:r gives the p::>pul ttion of the district sinc..: 190 l cent has been recorded in Udaipurwati tdHil and tile together with its dec'ldal vclfiation : lowest (19.64%) in Chirawa tehsil. TABLE No.2 9. It is signific:lllt to note here POPULA'fIO~ SINCE 19\)1 that Khetri tehsil has recf)rdcd nure tfun four times the dec:lda[ Census Year Population Percentage decadal growth in urban areas as comp:lfcd to district variation --_-~~--- averag::. The lowest (37,23%) has been witnessed 2 3 In Udaipunvati tehsil. 1901 341,572 1911 369.0H + 8.05 10. While observing the decJdal gr,)\vth r .ite 1921 353,140 - 4.32 of individual towns of the distri-:t, it is noticed that 1931 405,519 +1483 B,lggar town h:lS grown at 11 higher p.lC:: (7 1.09~~) than any of the other town, in the di,tr icr The 1941 491,003 +21.08 lowest grow,h rale (17.30 %) Ius been recorded in 1951 588,736 +19.90 Mukandgarh town. The table showing tehsil wise 1961 719,n50 +2~ 24 pvpuLtion together with percenLlge dccadal variation 1971 929.230 +29.12 during 1971-8 I is given below sep:Hately for total, 1981 1,211,583 +30.39 rur.ll and urb.U1 arelS : TABLE No.3 DECADAL CHANGE 1:-1' DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION ------_ --~~------~-----~--.-----~-----~-...... Population Percentage uecadal variation ,---~. -- -~-~- - ..A______, DistrictfTeh~il r---____A,__------, 1971 1981 1971·81 ,---__~.A.--- ____~_, ,---- __..A__~ ______r- __A___- ~ _____~ Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban - -~ ------~------~ - -- ~-~ - -- -~ ------_ - --~- 2 3 4 5 -~------6 7 8 9 10 ------.----~ ------Jhunjbunun District 929,230 767,19" 162.036 l,lll,583 96{),316 251,267 +30.39 +25.17 +55.07 Jhunjhunull Tchsil 226,161 167,035 59.1:6 294,OB7 208,638 85,44? +30,03 +24.91 + 44.52 ChiraIVa Tehsil 209.'l58 164,27~ 45,030 265,080 196,535 6~,545 +26.62 +19.64 +5205 Khetri Tehsil 227.323 218/>54 g,6,9 306;522 276,712 29,810 +34.84 +26.55 +243.87 Udaipurwati Tehsil 266,333 217.22.7 49.161 345,894 278,431 67,463 +29.85 +2!US +37.:!J _- ~------~------~- ---_ -~-- - __ ------( xfviii ) Villages classified by population TABLE No.4 II. In all there are 692 villages in the district, DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES BY POPULATION RANGES of which 689 arc inhabited and the remaining 3 are uninhabited. The inhabited villages nre of No. of inhabited Percentage of villages villages in each in each range different population sizes varying from very tiny Range of Population range villages to large ones having population 10,000 & above. TJJe villages viz., Smghana and Papurna in 2 3 Khetri tehsil and Chirana in Uduipurwati tchsil in Less than 200 17 2.47 the dIstrict arc sllch which have population over 200 499 143 20.75 10,000. More than 58 per cent of the villages in 500 1,999 400 58.05 the district arc in popubtio;) range 500-1,999 while 15.53 in the next lower range 200-499 falls 2 O. 7 S per cent 2,000 4,999 107 villages. The villages with a population range of 5,000 9,999 19 2.76 2,000-4,999 arc 15.53 per cent. The villages falling 10,000 & above 3 0.44 in the population range 5,000-9,999 and having Total 689 100.00 popUlation less than 200 contribute 2.76 and 2.47 per ccnt respectively. The table along side gives the 12. Tehsil wise distribution of villages in various distribution of villages by various population ranges: population ranges has been shown in the following table: TABLE No.5 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES BY POPULATION RANGES ------_- - Total No. of villages in eaeh range District/Tellsil Inhabited (Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of villages in each range) ,-______- ______..A.. ______- --.------, Villages Less than 200 200-499 500-J,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 & above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jhunjhunun District 689 17 143 400 107 19 3 (100.00) (2.47) (20.75) (58.05) (15.53) (2.76) (0.44) Jhulljhunull Tehsil 206 8 59 120 17 2 (100.00) 0.89) (28.64) (58.25) (825) (0.97) Chirawa Tehsil 163 3 32 106 20 2 (lOO.OO) (1.84) (19.63) (65.03) (12.27) (1.23 ) Khetri Tehsil 191 4 36 116 30 3 :2 (100.00) (2.09) (18.85) (60.73) (15.71) (1.57) ( 1.(5) Udaipurwati Tehsil 129 2 16 58 40 12 1 (100.00) (1.55) (12.40) (44.96) (31.01) (9.30) (0.78) ----~----~------ Density of populal ion population of the State resides in the distrid. Thus the district ranks twenty second in terms of area and 12. The district Covers an area of 5,928 Sq. km wbicb is 1.7 J per cent of the fotal area of the State. fifteenth in respect to population I:lS compa.red to the On the other hand 3.54 per cent of the total other districts of the State. >.Iix: ) 14. The highest proportion (26.83%) of the TABLE No.7 area in the dbtrict is in Jhunjhunun tehsil closely DEl\SlTY OF POPULATION BY followed (26.57%) by Udaipurwati tchsil. While TOTAL, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS Kb:lri Ichsil contributes 2~.99 per cent of thr t01a1 ,lrea of the district, the lowe:;t (2 I .61 %) is reported Density per Sq. km. in Chirawa tehsil. Populationwise. Udaiplirwati tchsil DistrictjTehsil r--- -- _.A..____ """"' with 28.55 per cent hds the highest proportion in the Total Rural Urban total population of the district while the lowest 2 3 4 (21.88%) 11as been H:po!\cd in Chirawa tehsil. Interestingly, Chlrawa te!lsil comes la,t in both are:1 Jhunjhunun District 204 166 1,679 and population. A comparati\e piLLure showing Jhunjhunlll1 Tehsil 186 135 2,629 tehsilwise percentage distribution of area and popuLl Chirawa Tehsil 208 tion and the rank occupied by cHch tehsil is presented 159 1,80'" in the table given helow : Khetri Tehsil 208 190 2,198 Udaipllrwati Tehsil 221 186 1,029 TABLE No.6 RANKING OFTEHSILS BY AREA AND POPULATION 16. The demi!y pattern at the village level reflects that over 56 per cenl of the total inhabited Area Population villages fall in the category having density of popu r-----.A..-----.., r--____ .A.. ------.., lation between 101 to 200 per:,on per Sq. km, 20 17 Tehsil Percentage to Percentage to per cent in the density range 20 I to 300, 13 SO per District's area Rank District's Rank cent in the density range 51 to 100 and fI.24 per cent popubtion in the density range 30 I to 500. While !>eventeen villages fall in the density range 21 to 50, seven villages arc such where density is 50 I & ab.)w. Not a smgle village has been reported falling in the density range II to 20. The table below gives the distribution of the villages by various density range, : TABLE No.8 DISTRIBUTION OF VILlAGES BY DENSITY RA~GES R:mge of density Total No. of inhabited Percentage of (per sq. km.) villages in each villages in each I 5. From the density point of view, wide varia density range density range tions arc observed in the rural and urban areas ef -~------the district. While the density for rural areas works 2 3 out to 166 persons per Sq. kill. it is over ten times Less than 10 0.14 i.e. 1,679 persons per Sq km. in urban areas. The 11 20 highef>t dl.:mity of 221 persons is recorded in 21 50 17 2.47 Udaipurwati thesil and the lowest (186) is observed in Jhllnjhunun tehsd. Considering the density of popula 51 100 93 13.50 tion in rural areas, Khetri tehsil with 190 persons per 101 200 389 56.46 Sq. km. tops all the tehsils in the district while Jhul1- 201 300 139 20.17 jhunun tehsil has the lowest density with 135 persons per Sq. km. In the urban areas, Jhunjhullull tehsil 301 500 43 6.24 has recorded the highest demity of popUlation (2,629) 501 & above 7 1.02 while the lowest (1,029) is observed in Udaipurwati 689 100.00 lch~il as will be observed from the table given below Total ------~-~---~------~-- JH 7 ( 17. The distribution of vilhges by density at the leh,il level is pr\!sented in the table below: TABLE No.9 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES BY DENSITY Sex Ratio 19 In rural areas the sex ratio witnessed an increase up to 1961 (except from ) 9 21 to 1941). An 18. In 1981. the sex ratio i. e. the number of increasing trend was also witnelosed in 1951 and 1961 femall!s per 1,000 males, in this district has been but again a downward trend in J 9 7 1 and the highest recorded as the highest (956). It increased in 19 I I sex rado (969) in 1981 was observed. Looking to as compared to 1901, went down in 1921. 1931 the urban areas of the distril't, it is witnessed that the and 19 j 1 in comparison to 191 I and registert'd a sex ratio has been the highest (1,002) in 1911 and sharp rise in 1951. (n 1961 and 1971 it again the lowest (903) in 197 I. The following table decreased. illustrates the sex ratio inlhe district ~ince 1901 : TABLE No. 10 SEX-RATIO SINCE 1901 No. of females per 1,000 males No, of females per 1.000 males r------"----~ ---~ r------A ------, Census Year Total Rural Urban Census Year Total Rural Urban ---~-- 2 3 4 2 3 4 -~--~---~~ 1901 884 858 984 1951 956 948 983 1911 906 8'l3 1,002 1961 943 9~O 911 1921 878 854 985 1931 878 862 943 1971 928 934 903 1941 881 865 9.54 )981 956 969 910 20. It is interesting to note here that the sex high.:st (962) sex ratIO and the lowest (893) was ratio ill the district during 1981 has increased ill total f,)Und in Chirawa tellsil In 1981, though Jhunjhunun as well as rural and urb;tn areas as compared to khsil witnessed the higbest (1,00 I) sex ratio, Khetri 197 I. If We analyse it at the tchsil }o;:vel. it would tehsil record.:d the lOwest (9 I 7). be seen that in 197 I. tehsil Jhunjhunlln had the ( li ) 21. In the rural areas of the district, it is worth sex ratio in both 1971 and 198 I, the lowest being while to mention here that Jhunjhunun tehsil has recorded in Chirawa tehsil in 1971 and in Khetri been identified with the highest sex ratio in 197 I teh5i1 in 1 98 I. A table showing sex ratio at the and 1981, Khetri tehsi! had been at the tail end. In tchsil level in 1971 and 1981 is given below: urban areas, Jhunjhunun tehsil has recorded the highest TABLE No. II SE.,'{-RATIO AT TEHSIL LEVEL IN 1971 AND 1981 Number of females per 1,000 males ,--______A_ __. ______~ District/Tchsil 1971 1981 ,-____ _..A______~ r-'~ ...A...------____ ~ Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jhunjhunun District 928 934 903 956 969 910 Jhunjhunun Tehsil 962 96.J 957 1,001 1,017 962 Chirawa Tehsil 893 915 819 928 953 ~61 Khetri Tehsil 896 898 844 917 932 781l Udaipurwati Tehsil 950 962 934 977 982 956 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 24. At the tchsil level the highest percentage 22. There are about 1.81 lakh persons belong (18.66) of Scheduled Castes in total population is ing to the Scheduled Castes as per 1981 Census found in Chirawa feh'iI and the lowest ( 12.02% ) constituting 14 91 per cent to the total population of in Udaipurwati tehsil Interestingly, Chirawa tehsil the district. In 1971. this proportion was 14.00 a Iso has the highest percentage of these communities per cent indicating a rise of 0.91 per cent during the in rural and urban areas being 19.07 and 17.50 per decade 1971-8 I. These communities contribute cent respectively_ While the lowest percentage 14 97 per cent to the total rural population of the ( 11.43 ) of, Scheduled Castes in rural areas i'i found distril:t whil~ in urban areas their share comes to in Udaipurwati tehsil, it is Jhunjhunun tehsil where 14 7 I per cent. These proportions were comparati the lowest ( 13.13 ) in urban areas is observed. vely lower in 19 1 being 1403 per cent for rural. arcas and 13.84 per cent for urban areas 25. Among the Scheduled Tribes, the highest percentage ( 2.56 ) in total population is found in 23. On the other hand, Scheduled Trihe popu Udaipurwati tehsil and the Jowe~t ( 1.10 ) in Chirawa lation having 23,07'7 persons contribute 1.90 per tch~il. The same tendency is nOliceo III rural areas cent to district's total population. The proportion of hut in urban Hreas though Chirawa tehsil has the Scheduled Tribl.'s was comparatively lower (1.7 7%> 10 west percentage (0 51) Khetri tehsil is seen with the during 1 971 . The proportion of Schedukd Tribes highest i. e. (1.21) The table given below presents in rural and urban areas of the district during 198 I works out to 2.22 and 0.68 per cent respectively. the percentage distribution of Scheduled Castes and The corresponding proportions of these cl1mmunities Scheduled Tribes in the district and its various tehsils in 1971 for rural and urban areas were '}.f) 5 and for total. rural and urban areas separately: 0.45 per cent respectively. ( Iii TABLE No. 12 PER CENT DISTRIBUTIGN OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES POPULATION 1981 Percentage of Scheduled Castes to total population Percentage of Scheduled Tribes to total population Dis!rict/Teh~il r------.A..--.------~ ,.------"------.-~ Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2 3 4 5 {, 7 ---_ ~------~--- - ~------_ ~ - ~ Jhunjhunun District 1491 14.97 14.7l 1.90 2_22 0.68 Jhulljhunun Teh~il 16.62 18.(\5 13.13 ~.O5 2.65 0.60 Chirawa Tehsil 1866 19.07 17.50 1.10 .30 0.51 Khetri Tellsil 13.~9 13.29 13.37 1.73 1.78 UI Udaipurwati Tchsil 12.02 11.43 14.46 ::.56 3.0,) 0.74 ----_.--- -_---_-_ - ---_- -_------_ 26. Out of Ihe tolal Scheduled Caste popollla~ 32 per cent i~ contributed by Chirawa tehsil while the tion of 180,081 in the district as mueh as 79 55 per lowest proponion (10.7 9%) i~ found in Khetri tehsll cent (143,7lg persons) resides in rural areas. Among the Scheduled Tribes, out or 23,077 pCf'iOnS, a bulk of 28. As rc!gards Scheduled Tribes in various them i. e 21,356 persons (92. 5 ~ %) r.:side in the! rural tchsils, the proportion vil.ric!s fr<)m 12.60 pcr cent in arcas of Ihe district and only 1,721 persons, being Cbirawa tchsil to 38.30 per cent in Udaipurwati 7.46 rer cent are found residing in the urb:tn arcJ.S. tehsil. In case of rural areas of the dh,triet tile same pattern is ob TABLE No. 13 RURAL, URBAN D1SlRIBU'fJON OF SCHEDULED CASTE AND TRIBE POPULATION AT DISTRICT AND TEHSIL LEVEL Scheduled Ca~te population Scheduled Tribe popUlation ,-______.-_____ ..A.. ______-. Dislrict!Tehsil r------"------.--.----~ Total Rural Urb.ln Total Rural Urban -_ ----_. 2 ~ 4 5 6 7 -----_-- --~--- ~ - ~------Jhllnjhunun District 180,681 1:&3,728 36,953 23,077 21.356 1,721 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (l00.00) (100.0\) (100.00) lhu!ljhllnun TehsH 4'1,8N4 37,66X 11,216 (l,OJ6 5,5'::: 515 <27.06\ \26.21 ) (30.35) W>.I6) ( 25.85) (29.92) Chirawa Tehsi( 49,'{69 37,476 11,9'13 2,908 2,558 350 m.m (26.07) (:\2.46) ( 12.60) ( 11.98) (20.34) Khetri Tehsil 40,752 36,765 3.987 5,295 4,935 360 (21.55) (25.58) (10.79) (72.9~) (t3.1I) (20.92) Udaipurwati Tehs!l 41.576 31,819 9,757 8,838 8,342 496 m.ol) (22.14) (:26.40) (38.30) (3'.1.06) (2882) ( liii ) 29. At the village level, 88.53 per cent of the inh:lbited villag~s in the district are such as have zero inhabited villages i. e. 6 I 0 vil1a~l!s f,11I in the category to 15 per cent Scheduled Tribe population. Out where Scheduled Caste population is mOfe than 5 of the rem~linillg -+ viilages, 2 villages each per cent in the total population. Only 36 inh:lbited have Sch.:dukd Tribe percentage rangc of I t to 25 villages are such as have Scheduled Caste p-lpulation and 26 to 35 furming only 0.29 per cent of the total upto 5 per cent. The villages which do not have a inhabited villages in the district in each of these single member of such communities p.re 43 in number. ranges. In all. 360 villages are such where not a single member of Scheduled Tribe resides. The 30. As for Scheduled Tribes we find that as following tabl.! supports the above position: much as 99.42 per cent i. c. 685 vilbges of the tOlal TABLE No. 14 I~ROPORTIO~ OF SCHEDULED CASTE & SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION IN THE VILLAGES Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribc~ ,-______...A._. ___~ ______~__.. ,-______. __...A._ ____- ______.--., Percentage Range No. of Villages Percentage of Villages Percentage Range No. of Villages PercentageoC Villdges ------2 3 4 5 6 Nil 4' 6.24 Nil 360 52.25 upto 5 36 5.23 up to 5 2~6 35.70 6-10 14~ 20.90 6-15 79 11.47 11-15 149 21.63 16-25 2 0.29 16-20 141 20.46 26-35 2 0.29 21-30 123 17.85 36-50 31 & above 53 7.69 51 & above - _-_ ---- Total 689 100.00 Total 689 100.00 - --_-_ _.- 31. The table given below shows the district the percentage ranges of Scheduled Caste population and tehsilwisc distribution of villages according to to tolal popUlation in the villages : TABLE No. 15 PROPORTlO:'ll OF SCHEDULED CASTE POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION IN THE VILLAGES -_- - _------_------~ ------_ --_ --- ~------~ ----_------Total No. of villages in each percentage range of Scheduled Caste population to total population District!Tehsil Inhabited (Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of villages in each rangc) Villages ,------._------"------.. Nil uplo 5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 31 & above ------_------_.------_-- -_-_ - _~--- --__ .. _-- - --_-- - _--- -- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ------__ - Jhunjhunnn District 689 43 36 144 149 141 123 53 (lOa.OO) (6.24) (5.23) (2fl.90) (21.63) (20.46) ( 17.85) (7.69) lhunjhunun Tchsil 206 12 4 24 ·B 43 49 26 (10).00) (S.'l3) ( 1.9-1) (11.65 ) (20.87) (23.30) (23.79) ( 12.62) Chirawa Tchsil 163 6 6 18 29 45 44 15 (100.00) (3.68) (3.08) (11.0.. 1) ( 17.79) (27.61) (2/.00) ( 9..:(0) Khetri Tehsil 191 19 19 51 41 ::0 21 10 (100.00) (9.95) (995) (26.70) (21.47) (15.71 ) (10.0 9) ( ~.2.') Udairurwati Tehsil 1:9 6 7 51 36 18 9 (tOO.CO) (-t( 5) (5.43) (39.53) (27.91) , 13.95) (6.98) 11.55\ liv 32. The table bel-lw explains the district and tchsllwise number of villages in each percentage range of Sclleduled Tribe populatiJn to total population: TABLE No. 16 PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATIO~ TO 'fOTAL POPl1LATION IN THE VILLAGES No. of villages in each percentage range of Scheduled Tribe population to total population Total (Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of villages in each range) Dislrict!Tehsil Inhabited r------______..A-______---, Villages Nil upto 5 6-15 16-25 26-35 36-50 51 & above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -~~------~------~------._-_ ._- - --_ --~ --- Jhunjhunun Dislrkt 689 J6() Z46 79 2 2 (100.00) (52.25) (35.70) (11.47) (0.29) (0.29) Jhunjhunun Tehsil 206 94 ;7 32 2 1 (IOO.()O) (45.63) (37.38) (15.53) (0.97) (0.49) Chirawa Tehsil 163 102 50 11 (100.00) (62.58) (30.67) (6.75) Khetri Tehsil 191 135 44 12 (100.00) (70.68) (23.04) (6.28) Udaip-.urwati Tehsil 129 29 75 24 1 (100.00) (22.48) (58.14) (18.60) (0.78) 33. Studying the proportion of Scheduled Castes while the lowest (4.81 %) is recorded in Vidya Vihar and Scheduled Tribes to the total population in the town Only 5 towns viz, Gothra (Census town), urban areas of the district, it is obselved that while Bissau, Udaipulwati, Chirawa and Mukandgarh have the Scheduled Caste population constitute 14.71 per a higher proportion of Scheduled Tribe population cent in thc total populativn, Scheduled Tribes together as compared to the district's average for urban areas. represent only 0.68 per cent. At the town level. The table below indicates the proportion of Scheduled we see that Surajgarh town has the highest proportion Castes and Scheduled Tribes to t::>tal population in (31.050;,» of Scheduled Caste:; in its total population each town: TABLE No. 17 PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED CASTE AND SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION IN TOWNS - --~------ Percentage of Percentage of Total Total Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Total Name of To",n Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe population to population to Population Population Population total total Population Population 2 3 4 5 (; ------All Town 251,267 36,953 1,721 14.71 0.69 B.lggar 11,692 '2,707 -10 23.15 0.34 Bissau J3,69-t 1,153 275 8.42 2.01 Chira\\a 20,841 3,352 273 16.08 1.31 (Jothra 17,216 2,300 333 13.36 1.93 _------~------_--- --_-- - --_--- - ( Iv ) Table No. 17 (contd) ----_-- +------~--~~--- 2 3 4 5 6 ------Jhunjhunun 47,177 5,229 165 11.08 0.35 Khetri 12,594 1,687 27 13.40 0.21 Mandawa 12,886 2,127 35 10.51 0.27 Mandrela 9,299 1,~07 12.98 0.01 Mukandgarh 11,917 1,2112 137 10.76 1.15 Nawalgarh 38,717 6.524 80 16.85 0.21 Pilani 17,027 3,164 olO 18.58 0.23 Surajgarh 12,353 3,836 15 ~1_O5 812 Udaipurwllti 16,819 1,951 279 11.60 1.66 Vidya Vihar 9,025 434 21 4.81 0.23 --~----- Literacy works out to 42.49 and 54.63 per cent respectively, the corresponding rates in case of females are 8.50 H. In the distrkt 28.61 per cent of the total and 22 88 per cent respectively. population is literate as compared to Slate's literacy rate of 24.38 per cent. Among the various districts 36. The literacy rates among tehsils vary from of the State it ranks fourth (leaving aside Jaipur, 26.43 per cent in Udaipurwati tehsil to 30.51 per Kota and Ajmer districts) in literacy. While the cent in Chirawa tehsil. In rural areas, however, literacy rate was only 10.59 in 1951 it abruptly Chirawa tehsil comes out with 25.0 I per cent while incrcased to 18 71 per cent in 1961. This increasing Ihunjhunun tehsil tops among the tehsils registering a trend Was also noticed in the past two decades i.c. in literacy rate cf 27.1 5 per cent. In urban areas, the 1971 and 1981. The table given below indicates literacy rate ranges from 3 J. 24 per cent in Udaipur the literacy rate in the district by sex since 195 I. wati tehsil to 54.56 per cent in Khetri tehsil Sex wise literacy rate amongst males ranges from 42 47 TABLE No. 18 per cent in Udaipurwati tehsil to ~ 7.09 per cent in LITERACY SINCE 1951 Chirawa tehsi!. How.:ver, in rural areas the highest male Iiteracv rale ( 44.42%) is recorded in Jhull jhunun tehsil while the lowest ( 41.56% ) is reported Literacy rate Census in Udaipurwati tehsil. As regard:> urban areas of Yeae ,------_.----"------, Persons Males Females various tehsils, the male literacy ranges from 46.2' per cent in Udaipurwati tehsil to 68.30 per cent in 2 3 4 Khetri tehsil. The literacy percentage among females ------_------~ varies from 10.01 per c;:nt in Udaipurwati tehsil to 1951 10.59 '7.57 3.29 12.99 per cent in Jhunjhunun teshil. As compared 1961 18.il 31.16 5.51 to urban areas, the female literacy rate in rural areas is lower. While tehsil Jhunjhunun tops in female 1971 23.25 37.25 1\ 17 literacy percentage (10.17) in rural areas, the 1981 28.61 45.07 11.40 Chirawa tehsil comes List with 7.49 per cent. In urban are.lS, the corresponding percentage is li-S much ------_,------as 37.1 1 in Khetri tehsil while Ud:\ipurwdti tehsil 35. A wide gap is still seen in the literacy levels ranks last with J 5.58 per cent of female literat.:s among both the sexes. Female lileracy is lagging in ils urban areas The following table gives a comp:! behind male literacy both in rural and urban areas. rative picture in this regard in various tehsils of While male literacy rate in -f-ural anu urban areas the district: ( lvi ) & above have the lowest literacy rate (23.81 %). It is the highest (27.07%) in population range 2,000 to 4,999. The maximum number of inhabited villages i. e. 400 f.tlling in the population range 500 to 1,999 have the literacy rate 24.77. The table below indi cates the number of villages in each population range, ~md the literacy r;lte in cac11 such range as recorded during 198 I Census: TABLE No. 20 LITERACY RATES BY POPULATION RANGE OF VILLAGES --~-- ~~--~--- Population range No. of inhabited village~ Literacy Rate in each range 2 3 ~- ~------_ - Le~~ than 200 17 24.36 200 499 143 25.67 500 - 1,999 400 24.77 2,000 - 4,999 107 27.07 5,000 - 9,999 19 26.63 10,000 & above 3 23.81 Total 689 25.76 37. At the village level, we find that there is not 38, Information regarding literacy rates by much variation in the literacy rate duc to population villages of various population ranges worked out for size of the villages. It is interesting to note that the the district and its various tehsils has been presented villages falling in population range of 10,000 persons in the following table TABLE No. 21 LITERACY RATES BY POPULATION lUNGES 01? VILLAGES ---_ --~------_----- No. of villages in each range of population Total (Figures in parentheses indicate literacy rate in each range) District/Tcll>ll Inh:.>bited '_-----_------"------~ Villages Less than 200 200-499 500-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 & above 2 :l 4 5 6 7 8 JhuPjhunun District 689 17 143 400 ]07 19 3 (25.76) (24.36) (25.67) (2·07) (27.07) (26.63) (23.81) Jhuojhunun Tehsil 206 8 59 120 17 2 (27.15) (28.29) (25.90) (26.51) (28.87) (28.40) Chirawa Tersil 163 J 32 106 20 2 (2501) (21.87) (24.16) (23.70) (~7.9 i) (25.47) Khetri Tehsil 191 4 36 J16 30 3 2 (25.76) (19.53) (25.29) (24.87) (26.46) (29.40) (2591) Udllipurwati Tchsil 129 2 16 58 40 12 1 (25.26) (21.90) (28.49) (23.31) (26.34) (25.94) (19.84) lvii 39. An overall literacy rate recorded for the rate than the district average. Literacy rate is as urban areas of the distrirt works out to 39.50 per high as 82.1 5 per cent in Vidya Vihar town while cent. Of the total 14 towns (including one census it is the lowest (26.59%) in Mandrela town. The town), six towns namely Vidya Vihar, Gothra, Pilani, table which follows indicates the literacy rates for-arr Khetri, Chirawa and Baggar have the higher literacy the urban units of the district: TABLE No. 22 LITERACY RATES IN TOWNS ------Name of the Town Literacy Rate Name of the Town Literacy Rate 2 Baggar 39.75 Mandrela 26.59 Bissau 34.:;3 Mukandgarh 38.26 Chirawa 43.40 Nawalgarh 30.58 Gothra 60.22 Pilani 47.52 Jhuujhunun 34.93 Surajgarh 38.00 Khetri 46.82 Udaipurwati 27.80 Mandawa 33.88 Vidya Vihar 82.15 Working Population of marginal workers. While observing the data in urban areas, we see that 40.72 per cent of the total 40. On the basis of economic activity, the male popUlation are main workers, 58.79 per cent population of the district is classified into three non-workers and only 0.49 per cent are marginal categories viz., main workers, marginal workers and workers. non-workers in 1981 Census. As per this classification 25.04 per cent of the total population of the district 42. At the tehsil level, the highest proportion of consists of main workers and only 9.3 I per cent main workers (27.49%) is seen in Chirawa tehsil and marginal workers. The remaining 65.65 per cent of the lowest (23.18%) in Udaipurwati tehsil. On the the total population is reported to be of non-workers. other hand, the proportion of marginal workers is In urban areas, the percentage of non-workers is high found to be the highest (12.86%) in Khetri tebsil and (76.03%) as compared to rural areas where their the lowest (6.54%) in Chirawa tehsil. Udaipurwati population is 62.94 per cent. The main workers are tehsil has the highest proportion (67.96%) of the reported to be 25 65 per cent in rural areas and non-workers while the lowest (62.72 %) has been 22.68 per cent in urban areas. The proportion of found in Khetri tehsil. While main workers contribute marginal workers is as low as I 29 per cent in urban areas while it is 11.4 I per cent in rural areas. the highest (29.41 %) in rural areas of Chirawa tehsil it is tIle lowest (23.55%) in Udaipurwati tehsil In 41. In case of males, 42.00 per cent of the total urban areas, while the lowest percentage (2 1.63%) of male population are main workers, 3.20 per cent main workers is witnessed again in Udaipurwati tehsil, marginal workers and the remaining 54.80 per cent Khetri tehsil tops (28.07%) in it. The following are non-workers. In rural areas, the male main table gives the percentage distribution of population workers constitute 42.35 per cent of the total male in terms of main workers, marginal workers and non popUlation. While the male non-workers are 53.72 workers separately for total, rural and urban areas per cent in rural aleas, only 3.93 per cent constitute for the district and tehsil level : ]HU8 ( lviil ) TABLE No. 23 PERCENTAGE OF MAIN WORKERS, MARGINAL WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN THE DISTRICT Total Percentage of main workers Percentage of marginal workers Percentage of non-workers to District!Tehsil Rural to total papulation to total papulation total population ,-______.A.__ __ ~ Urban r------"------~ ,------~ Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ------Jhunjhunun District Total 25.04 41..00 7.30 9.31 3.20 15.71 65.65 54.80 76.99 Rural 25.65 42.35 8.42 11.41 3.93 19.14 62.94 53.72 72.44 Urban 22.68 40.72 2.85 1.29 0.49 2.18 76.03 58.79 94.97 Jhunjhunun Tehsil Total 25.66 40.40 10.93 8.65 4.04 13.26 65.69 55.56 75.81 Rural 27.07 4041 13.97 1l.8CJ 5.52 18.15 6[,04 54.07 67.88 Urban 22.20 40.37 3.30 0.74 0.53 0.96 77.06 59.10 95.74 Chirawa Teh~il Total 27.49 43.06 10.71 6.54 1.82 11.63 65.97 55.12 77.66 Rural 19.41 44.77 13.29 8.31 2.33 14.59 62.28 52.90 72.12 Urban 21 q~ 3841 !.~9 146 0.40 2.69 76.56 61.19 94.42 Khetri Tehsil Total 24.42 43.24 3.89 12.86 4.02 22.50 62.72 52.74 73.61 Rural 24.02 42,72 3.97 14.17 4.47 24.58 61.81 52.81 71.45 Urban 28.07 47.74 3.11 0.68 O.l? 1.32 71.25 52.09 95.57 Udaipurwati Tehsil Total 23.18 41.38 4.54 8.86 2.83 15.05 67.96 55.79 80041 Rural 23.55 41.66 5.12 10.51 3.36 17.78 65.94 54.98 77.10 Urban 2163 40.25 2.14 209 0.67 3.58 76.28 59.08 94.28 -~ -- _-_-- . 43. While in rural areas 68 68 per cent of male industries. Significantly, the proportion of males main workers and 88.28 per cent of female main engaged ill household indu~tries is higher in rural areas workers are engaged in cultivation, their proportion in the district as well as in all the tehsils except Khetri in urban areas is only 14.20 and 26.00 respectively. tehsil. It is signifi:ant to note here thlt male In urban areas, bulk of the main workers (75.0 I per proportion in agricultural labourers is higher than cent males and 55.88 per cent females) are found females in all paris of the district. The same is true engaged in economic activities other than agricultural in all the tehsils of the district except in total and rural and household industries On the contrary, in rural areas of Khetri tehsil and in all the parts of Udaipur areas the propoJtion of males and f~males in this wati tehsil. The table given below presents the category is 23.J 6 and 5.90 per cent respectively. Only distribution of main working population by sex and 3.76 per cent male main workers and 3.03 per cent of various economic activities for the district and its the female main workers are engaged in household vdrious tchsils: TABLE No. 24 PER CENT DiSTRIBUTION OF WORKING POPULATION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Categories of Main Workers ,------_-----"----- Total Tota! Main Workers ------Agricultural HousehOld Other Dislrict/Tehsil Rural Cultivators Labourers Industry Workers Urban r--___..,A.___ __~ ,-__ ..A.. --, ,-~..A.._--, ,-__ ,..A___-, ,- __ -A-_~ Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Mdles Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 Jbunjhunun District Total 100.00 100.00 57.45 83.36 4.95 3.76 3.76 3.03 33.84 9.85 Rural 100,00 100.00 U68 88.28 5.19 3.80 2.97 2.02 23.16 5.90 Urban 100.00 100.00 14.20 26.00 3.99 3.34 6.80 14.78 75.01 55.88 ( lh ------_--- - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 Jhunjhunun Tehsil Total 100.00 100.00 51.36 83.69 5.08 2.T!. 3.89 3.02 39.67 10.57 Rural 100.00 100.00 67.87 88.72 5.60 2.77 2.69 1.69 2384 6.82 Urban 100.00 100.00 12.11 30.25 3.84 2.24 6.76 17.18 77.29 50.33 Chirawa Tehsil Total 100.00 100.00 . 61.02 88.68 5.37 2.78 2.71 1.54 30.90 7.00 Rural 100.00 100.00 74.83 93.4:>' 5.61 2.83 1.81 0.86 17.75 2.88 Urban 100.00 100.00 17.05 22.58 4.59 2.07 5.58 11.12 72.78 64.23 Khetri Tehsil Total 100.00 100.00 57.85 78.93 4.03 5.02 2.88 3.17 35.24 12.88 Rural 100.00 100.00 64.71 83.94 4.48 5.39 3.10 3.36 27.71 7.31 Urban 100.00 100.00 5.14 13.97 0.64 O.~4 I.l4 0.74 93.08 85.05 UdaipuTwati Tehsil Total 100.00 100.00 59.16 76.55 5.36 6.7 j 5.35 5.56 30.13 11.18 Rural 100.00 100.00 68.86 RI.30 5.33 6.49 3.93 3.8:! 22.08 8.39 Uaban 100.00 100.00 19.14 29.04 5.50 8.92 11.33 22.95 64.03 39.09 Changes during laflt thirty years expiry of the pre-independence era. It shows total population, proportion of urban population to total 44. Soon after Independence in 1947 , and ushering in of democratic set-up in the states, a lot of population, decadal variations in the urban population, development took place at all levels for improving changes in the density and sex-ratio from decade to socio-economic condition of the people. In the following decade. Figures for the State as a whole have also table an attempt has been made to providt: statistics been shown in the table with a view to have a to indicate the tr~nds since the turn of the period i e. comparative picture about these demographic aspects: TABLE No. 25 GROWTH, DENSITY AND SEX-RATIO OF URBAN POPULATION IN THE DISTRICT IN RELATION TO THE STATE - - - - -_--_ ------~.~ ------Jhunjhunun District Rajasthan State ,------~- -"------, ,---~------.----"------, Decadal Sex-ratio Decadal Sex-ratio Censlis Total Urban Percent percentage Density (Number Per cent percentage Density (Number (Popu- (Popu- Year popula- popula- urban variation of Total Urban urban variation of lation tion tion popula- in females population population popu- in lation females tion urban per per 1 000 lation urban per per 1,000 population sq. km.) maies) population sq. km.) males) ~-- - - -_------__ - -~ ------~---- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I I 12 13 ------_------~------__-_------_ 1951 588,736 140,326 23.84 N.A. 983 15,970,774 2,955,275 18.50 N.A. 928 1961 719,650 127,320 17.69 -9.27 490 911 20,155,602 3,281,478 16.28 + 11.04 598 882 1971 929,230 162,036 17.44 + 27.27 2,031 903 25.765,806 4,543,761 17.63 +38.47 1,198 '075 1981 1,211,583 251,267 20.74 +55.07 1,679 910 34,261,862 7,210,508 21.05 +58.69 1,603 877 CENSUS HOUSES AND DISABLED PERSONS Census Houses and their uses persons who constituted 2.45 per cent of the total disabled population (80,043) in the State. Out of According to Houselisting Operations in 1980, the total disabled persons 1,668 (85 06%) were found there were 252,220 Census Houses in the district in the rural arer.s while the remaining 293 (14.94%) representing 3 I 6 per cen t of the total Census Houses were enumerated in the urban centres of the district. in the State Om of these total houses 194,480 The distribution of the disabled persons by various (77.1 I %) were located in rural areas and the remaining types of disabilities to total disabled population for 57,740 (22.89%) in the urban units of the district. total, rural and urban areas for the district and tehsils The distribution of houses by the uses to which they is given in the table below: were put in the total, rural and urban areas of the district is given below: TABLE No.2 TABLE No. I DISABLED POPULA nON CENSUS HOUSES AND THEIR USES District/Tehsil! Total Totally Totally Totally TownfU.A. Rural Blind Crippled Dumb Uses to which the No. of Census Houses Urban Census Houses are put (Percentage within brackets) r------"-_ ------, 2 3 4 5 Total Rural Urban Jhunjhunun District Total 865 569 527 Rural 737 475 456 2 3 4 Urban 128 94 71 Total Census Houses 252,220 194,480 57,740 1. Jhunjhunun Tehsil Total 164 109 146 (100.00) 000.00) (100.00) Rural 128 81 III Urban 36 28 35 (,) Vacant 22,590 15,470 7,120 (7.07) (5.50) (10.28) Bissau (M) Urban 3 11 5 Mandawa (M) Urban 8 3 8 (ii) Wholly or Partly 184,755 146,075 38,680 Jhunjhunun (M) Urban 21 12 19 residential houses (81.42) (86.30) (71.43) Baggar (M) Urban 4 2 3 2. Chirawa Tehsil Total 198 114 116 (iii) Houses put to 15,640 7,930 7,710 Rural 157 94 97 non-residential uses (6.55) (3.38) (13.04) Urban 41 20 19 6 (iv) Others 29,235 25,005 4,230 Pilani (U. A ) Urban 10 10 (4.96) (4.82) (5.25) (al Pilani (M) Urban S 8 5 ---~--- (b) Vidya Vihar (M) Urban 2 2 1 Mandrela (M) Urban 7 1 6 2. It will be seen from the above table that Chirawa (M) Urban 16 7 5 86.30 per cent of the houses in the rural areas of the Surajgarh (M) Urban 8 2 2 district were being used for residential purposes, 3.38 3. Khetri Tehsil Total 270 136 138 per cent for non-residential mes e g., hotels, shops, Rural 259 128 135 business houses, factories, restaurants, places of enter Urban 11 8 3 tainment and worship etc., 4.82 per cent houses for Gothra (C. T,) Urban 2 5 2 other purposes and the remaining 5.50 per cent Were Khetri (M) Urban 9 3 vacant. Similarly in the urban areas of the district 4. Udaipurwati Tehsil Total 233 210 127 71.43 per cent hou<;es were used for residential Rural 193 172 113 Urban 40 38 1-1 purposes, 13.04 per cent for non-residential purposes, Mukandgarh (M) Urban 4 5 5.25 per cent for other purposes and 10.28 per cent Nawalgarh (M) Urban 24 ~2 8 were found vacant A comparative analYSIS of the Udaipurwati (M) Urban 12 II 5 uses of census houses in rural and mb:m areas shows that the proportion of non-residential, other purposes 4. A glance at this table would indicate that and vacant houses in urban area" i~ higher vis-a-vis blind persons alone constituted 44.1 I per cent of the rural areas while more houses are being med for total disabled persons in the district followed by the residential purpose~ in rural area'> than in urban areas. crippled (29.02%) and dumb (26.87%) Among the three types of disabilities, blindness is the major Disabled population affliction both in the rural as well a'> urban areas of 3. In the district, according to Houselisting the district, blind persons are about one and a half Operations in 1980, there were, in all 1,961 disabled time of crippled & dumb persons. $ ® ANALYTICAL NOTE -VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY A. Village Directory In Jhunjhunun district as many as 689 villages of its villagesand ranks last among the tehsils. (99.57% of the total villages) are inhabited and only three villages i.e. 0.43 per cent are uninhabited. 5. There is only one village in Udaipurwati tehsil of the district where organised market or hat is 2. Educational facilities are available in 626 held. However there are shops in several villages inhabited villages. About nine per cent of the villages which deal in various commodities. still do not have any educational institution. Khetri tehsil closely followed by Udaipurwati tehsil have the 6. Out of the total inhabited villages only 173 highest percentage 93.72 and 93.02 of inhabited (25.1 I %) are approachable by pucka roads. Around villages respectively served with educational facilities 5 I per cent of the villages (351 in number) have while Jhunjhunun tehsil with 87.38 per cent ranks communication facilities like bus stand I railway the last. station. The people residing in other villages have to travel certain distances to avail of the facility of a 3. Only 235 villages constituting 34.1 I per train or bus in order to reach their desired destination. cent of the total inhabited villages have at least one In Udaipurwati tehsil the proportion of villages medical institution providing medical facilities to its having such facilities is the higbest (72.09%) whereas residents However, the people living in the remain Khetri tehsil with only 36.65 per cent stands at the ing 65.89 per cent villages have to rush to nearby bottom among the tehsils. villages or towns for getting medical aid. The proportion of villages having medical facili ties within 7. Around 33 per cent of the villages in the themselves, is the highest (55.04 %) in Udaipurwati district do not have electricity. Of the total 689 tehsil and lowest (24.54%) in Chirawa tehsil. villages' only 463 have been provided with electricity connection for agricultural, domestic or any other 4. All the inhabited villages of the district are uses. While Chirawa tehsil with 88.34 per cent of served with drinking water facilities. A little less village having such facilities tops among all the tehsils, than 52 per cent of the villages in the district enjoy tehsil Jhunjbunun ranks last as only 42.23 per cent the facilIty of post and telegraph. Among tehsils, of its total villages could be electrified so far. The Udaipurwati has the highest proportion of villages table given below gives the data regarding the distribu having postal facilities in 66.67 per cent villages, tion of villages according to the availability of various while Chirawa tehsil has facilities in 44.17 per cent amenities: TABLE No.1 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO THE AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT AMENITIES No. (with percentage) of villages having one or more of the following amenities No. of District!Tehsil ,------_.___..A______Inhabited -. Villages Education Medical Drinking Post & Market/Hat Commun- Approach by Power water Telegraph ication Pucka Road Supply -~~-- 2Z 3/ 4/ 5 l 6/ 7 I , 8 9 ( 10 'J J I J J "-s --j-- ,,",)' Jbunjhunun District 689 626 235 689 358 1 351 173 463 " (90.86) (34.11) (100.00) (51.96) (0.15) (50.94) (25.11) (6'7.20) Jhunjhunun Tehsil 206 180 53 206 101 118 66 87 (87.38) (25.73) (100.00) (49.03) (57.28) (32.04) (42.23) Chirawa Tehsil 163 147 40 163 72 70 36 144 (90.18) (24.54) (100.00) (44. t 7) (42.94) (22.09) (88.34) Khetri Tehsil 191 179 71 191 99 70 35 120 (93.72) (37.17) (IOO.OO) (51.83) (36.65) (18.32) (62.83) Udaipurwati Tehsil 129 120 71 129 86 1 93 36 112 (93.02) (55.04) (100.00) (66.67) (0.78) (72.09) (27.91) (86.82) ( lxii 8. During the post-Independence period, much rush to nearby villages or towns for it. Postal and effort has been made to provide educational facilities telegraphic amenities are available within the villages specially in the rural areas. However, there are about to 72 88 per cent of the rural population. 79.06 per 1 I per cent of the rural population which still do not cent of the population have so far been benefitted by have the educational facilities at their door-step. The electricity. Communication facilities are available to proportion of rural population served with school 68.82 per cent of the popUlation but pucka approach facilities ranges from 83,20 per cent in Udaipurwati road from their villages to the nearest bus stand or tehsil to 97.10 per cent in Chirawa tehsil. railway station is available only to 36.82 per cent of the rural population. Details about proportion of 9. AnOther imporlant amenity which is essential rural population served by different amenities at the for the people residip.::; in rural afe:!S is medical :.lid. district ::md tehsi! level have been given in the follow Only 57.06 per cent of the rural population has this ing table: facility within the villages while the others have to TABLE No.2 PROPORTION OF RURAL POPULATION SERVED BY DIFFERENT AMENITIES ------Total Percentage of rural population served by the amenity of ,--_~ ______- __ J.-. ______~ population District/Tehsil of inhabited Post Approach Drinking Power villages Education Medical & Market/ Communi- by Pucka Water Hat cation Supply Telegraph Road --_---_ ~------~------_-_- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 !!) ----- _------_.------.JJmnjhunun District 960,316 89.05 57.06 100.00 72.88 0.12 68.82 36.82 79.06 Jhunjhunun Tehsil 208,638 95.51 45.05 100.00 71.47 74.01 39.31 59.96 Chirawa Tehsil 196,535 97.10 40.64 100.00 65.80 60.59 32.20 91.63 Khetri Tehsil 276,712 84.34 57.46 100.00 65.59 59.11 34.31 69.44 Udaipurwati Tehsil 278,431 83.20 77.26 100.00 86.17 0.42 80.40 39.22 94.07 ------~---- 10. As already stated there are still several TABLE No.3 villages in the district, where certain amenities are not DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES NOT HAVING CERTAIN available. An attempt has been made to collect AMENITIES, ARRANGED BY DISTANCE RANGES information about the distance from such villages to FROM THE PLACES WHERE THESE ARE AVAILABLE those nearest places where such amenities exit. In all there are 63 villages where no educational facility Number of villages where the is available but children of 62 villages (98.410/0) out amenity is not available and Villages not having of this lot can reach a school within a radius of 5 km. available at distance (in km.) of the ,---_- ---"------~---... There is only one village where the school going amenity of children have to cover a distance of 5 to 10 km. Less than 5 5--10 More than Total Similarly, among 454 villages. medical facility is 10 (Cols.2-4) available within a distance of 5 km to 263 vilLlges, 2 3 4 5 within 5 to 10 km in case of 146 villages and beyond Education 62 63 a distance of 10 km to 45 villages. Drinking water is available in all the villages of tIle distri:t. The Medical 263 146 45 454 postal and communication facilities are not available Drinking Water in case of 48.04 and 49'06 per cent villages respecti vely. The following table give the distribution of Post & Telegraph 267 51 13 331 villages not having certain amenities by distance ranges Market/Hat 40 77 57l 688 from places where these are available at the district 91 43 338 leftl : Communication 204 lxiii I I. The social and economic life of the rural the nearest town have the highest proportion of masses no doubt is influenced by their proximity to villages having medical facilities while the maximum the urban centres. The largest proprotion of villages proportion of the villages having the facilities of (45.28 %) in the district are located within a distance education and post & telegraph are available in the of 16 to 50 km from the nearest town. As many distance range of 6-15. On the other hand, as 299 villages (43.40 %) are within a distance communication, power supply and pucka road faci range of 6 to I 5 km. while 78 villages constituting lities are available in the major proportion of villages I 1.32 per cent of the total inhabited villages are loca in the distance range upto 5 km. The following ted in a convenient distance range of less than 5 km. table presents the distribution of villages according to the distance from the nearest town and availability of 12. It is interestin~ to note here that the defferent ~.menities : villages in the distance range of 16 to 50 km. from TABLE No.4 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO THE DISTANCE FROM THE NEAREST TOWN AND AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT AMENITIES No. (with percentage) of villages having the amenity of Distance Range ,------_ -~ ______...A... ______---... from the Total Inhabited Post Approach nearest town Drinking Power Villages Education Medical & Market! Communi- by Pucka (in km.) water Supply Telegraph Hat cation Road --~----~ ---- ~ -_ ------~------~------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to - --_--_ ----- Up to 5 78 65 18 78 30 I 44 35 66 (83.33) (23.08) (100.00) (38.46) (1.28) (56.41) (44.87) (84.62) 6-15 299 279 95 299 161 155 86 217 (93.31) (31.77) (100.00) (53.85) (51.84) (28.76) (7B8) 16-50 312 282 122 312 167 152 52 180 (90.38) (39.10) (100.00) (53.53) (48.72) (16.67) (57.69) 51 & above Total 689 626 235 689 358 I 3S1 173 463 (90.86) (34.11) (100.00) (51.96) (0. IS) (SO.94) (2S.11) (67.20) 13. The maximum number of inhabited villages higher is the percentage of villages having various are in the population J ange of 500-1,999 followed amenities. On the other hand, lower the popUlation by those in the popUlation range up to 499. Tht'n range lesser is the percentage of villages having follow the villages falling in the population range of various amenities. This can be seen from the 2,OOO-4,99\) persons and only 3.19 per cent of fo])owing table depicting dhtribution of villages villages are baving popUlation 5,000 and above. It accordmg to popUlation range and amenities: can be summarised that higher the population range, ( Ixiv ) TABLE No.5 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO POPULATION RANGE AND AMENITIES AVAILABLE "-_" ~------~-- No. (with percentage) of villages having the amenity of ,--______...A- ______------. Total Population Range Inhabited Drinking Post & Communi- Approach Power Villages Education Medical Water Telegraph Market/Hat cation byPucka Supply Road -_------~- ~------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Up to 499 160 110 12 160 14 47 24 70 (68.75) (7.50) (l00.00) (8.75) (29.38) (15.00) (43.75) 500-1,999 400 390 115 400 223 1 192 99 282 (97.50) (28.75) (100.00) (55.75) (0.25) (48.00) (24.75) (70.50) 2,000-4,999 107 105 88 107 101 92 34 89 (98.13) (82.24) (100.00) (94.39) (85.98) (31.78) (83.18) 5,000 & above 22 21 20 22 20 20 16 22 (95.45) (90.91) (100.00) (90.91) (90.91) (72.73) (100.00) ------~------Total 689 626 235 689 358 1 351 173 463 (90.86) (34.11) (100.00) (51.96) (o.t5) (50.94) (25.11) (67.20) 14. Bajra and wheat are staple food in the tebsil. On the contrary, Khetri tehsil has good majority of villages in all the tehsils of the district. irrigational facilities where the highest proportion of irrigated area to cultivable area is noticed. This area 15. Out of the total area of the district 88.52 is quite negligible in Udaipurwati and Chirawa tehsils per cent is cultivable, of which only 4.47 per cent is having 002 and 0.04 per cent respectively. A table irrigated. Jhunjhunun tehsil has the highest pro(1or supporting this statement is given below which gives tion of cultivable area closely followed by Chirawa the distribution of village's according to land use: tehsil and the lowest proportion is witnessed in Khetri TABLE No.6 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO LAND USE Total Total area Percentage of Percentage of District/Tehsil Inhabited (in hectares) Cultivable area to irrigated area to total villages total area cultivable area 1 2 3 4 5 --_------ Jhunjhunun District 689 573,619 88.52 447 lhunjhunun Tehsil 206 154,651 96.77 4.5) Chirawa Tehsil 163 123,-413 96.71 0.04 Khetri Tehsil 191 145,702 78.61 13.82 Udaipurwati Tehsil 129 149.852 82.90 002 ( Ixv B-Town Directory 16. In this section an attempt has been made the remaining twelve towns have less than the district to depict townwise data for per capita receipt and avrage. Analysing the receipt through taxes as per expenditure, schools per ten thousand population, and data available, it is noticed that it is highest in Suraj number of beds in medical institutions besides showing garh town and the lowest in Mandrela town. The the notified slum area in the urban units of the highest per capita receipt fmm other sources is district, if any, together with details of most impor reported in Gothra town and lowest in Chirawa town. tdnt commodity manufctured. imported and exported. 18 _ On the expenditure side. the annual per 17. While going through the municipal revenue capita municipal expenditure works out to Rs. 73.90 at the district level it is revealed that the annual per at the district level At the town level it has been capita recipt comes to Rs. 29.90 of which Rs. 12.40 the highest in Gothra town and lowest in M andawa. is obtained through taxes and Rs 17.50 from all Among in various heads of expenditure, the largest other sources. At the town level, Golhra, a newly expenditure is incurred on other aspects which is formed Census town has the highest per capita receipt Rs. 39.8 I per head. Next comes general administration while the lowest is reported in the town of Mandrela. on which Rs. 12 26 is spent per head as is evident While two towns namely Gothea and Surajgarh have from the following table giving the annual per the per capita receipt more than the district average. capita receipt and expenditure accordmg to broad classification : . TABLE No.7 PER CAPITA RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE IN TOWNS Per Capita Receipt (in Rs.) Per Capita Expenditure (in Rs.) ,-______...A______--..., ,-______...A.. ______Class, Name & --~ Civic status of Receipt . Receipt Total General Expenditure Expenditure the Town Total through from all Expenditure Administra- on Public Public- on Public Other taxes other sources tion Health and Works Institution Aspects Conveniences ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Baggar (M)-IV 10.32 4.63 5.69 10.12 8.07 2.05 Bissau {M)-IV 10.39 5.50 4.89 10.98 1.77 0.21 ~.OO Chirawa (M)-IIl 26.95 22.91 4.04 21.40 4.13 7.16 1.23 0.05 f1.83 Gothra (C.T)-IV 134.60 134.60 841.47 117.81 82.24 142.04 499.38 Jhunjhunun (M)-III 29.69 20.70 8.99 15.14 2.33 6.86 4.89 1.06 Khetri (M)-IV 20.75 12.06 8.69 19.31 5.64 7.94 1.48 4.25 Mandawa (M)-IV 9.06 4.58 4.48 9.98 4.66 3.62 1.70 Mandrela (M)-V 8.74 4.45 4.29 11.28 2.97 8.31 Mukandgarh (M)-IV 26.77 20.79 5.98 21.54 7.22 14.32 Nawalgarh {M)-IlI 16.56 9.90 6.66 16.56 3.02 8.14 0.13 S.27 Pilani (M)-IV 13.43 6.45 6.98 12.04 5.87 4.77 0.57 0.83 VidyaVjhar (M)-V 28.92 11.71 17.21 28.76 4.63 10.46 4.61 9.06 Surajgarh (M)-IV 48.82 23.16 25.66 45.88 9.58 5.67 28.63 Udaipurwati (M)-IV 27.24 8.82 18.42 ]6.07 6.87 5.55 0.78 0.10 2.77 Total 29.90 12.40 17.50 73.90 12.26 4_49 7.28 9.76 39.81 JH 9 ( Ixvi ] 9 The highest type of educational facIlity is and the lowest (0.42) in Jhunjhunun town. Working available in all towns except Mukandgarh. The out the number of educational institutions per 10,000 educational institutions per ten thousand population popUlation at the Junior Secondary/Middle, it is more at the level of Higher Secondary!Inter!PUC!Junior than the dsitrict average in seven towns and at College is highest (3.32) in Vidya Vihar town and primary level in eight towns as may be seen from the lowest (0.26) in Nawalgarh. The average number following table giving number of various types of of educational institution up to the level of Secondary / educational institutions per ten thousand population Matriculation per ten thousand population again at the district and town level: works out to be highest (3.32) in Vidya Vihar town TABLE No.8 SCHOOLS PER TEN THOUSAND POPULATION IN TOWl'IiS No. per ten thousand population ,--______~ _ _A_ __ _ Name, Class, and Civic Higher Secondary/ Junior status of Town Inter/PUC! Secondary/ Secondary! Primary Junior College Matriculation Middle 2 3 4 5 Total 0.80 1.03 1.27 3.74 Baggar (M)-IV 1.71 1.71 1.71 5.13 Bissau (M) -IV 0.73 0.73 0.73 5.1I Chirawa (M)-I1I 1.44 1.44 1.44 4.80 Gothra (C.T.)-IV 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 Jhunjhunun (M)-IV 0,42 0.42 1.27 1.91 Khetri (M)-IV 0.79 1.59 1.59 6.35 Mandawa (M)-IV 0.78 1.55 1.55 6.98 Mandrela (M)-V 1.08 1.08 2.15 5.38 Mukandgarh (M)-IV 1.68 1.68 5.03 Nawalgarh (M)-III 0.26 0.77 0.77 2.32 PHani (M)-IV 0.59 0.59 0.59 5.29 Vidya Vihar (M)-V 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 Surajgarh (M)-IV 0.81 0.81 0.81 3.24 Udaipurwati (M)-IV 0.59 0.59 1.19 3.57 -.------ 20. The number of beds in medical institutions the lowest at Udaipurwati Bed facilities are not per 1,000 popUlation comes to 4.05 at the district available at Vidya Vihar town as may be seen from level with the maximum ratio available at Baggar and the following table : ( lxvii ) TABLE No.9 NUMBER OF BEDS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN TOWNS No. of beds in medical No. of beds in medical Name, Class and Civic status Name, Class and Civic status institutions per institutions per of the Town of the Town 1,000 population 1,000 population 2 2 Total 4.05 Mandrela (M)-V 0.65 Baggar (M)-IV 10.78 Mukanc:lgarh (M)-IV 1.17 Bissau (M)-IV 1.45 Nawalgarh{M)-III 8.08 Chirawa (M)-III 3.26 Pilani (M) - IV 5.58 Gothra (C. T.)-IV 8.71 Vidya Vihar (M)-V Jhunjhunun (M)-III 3.18 0.49 Khetri (M)-IV 3.18 Surajgarh (M)-IV Mandawa (M)-IV 1.24 Udaipurwati (M)-IV 0.36 Slum Area Bajra, Moth and other pulses, Copper Oils are the most important commodities exported from the disirict 2 t. There is no notified slum area in the urban while cloth, machineries, cotton seeds, sugar and centres of the district. jaggery are the important commodities imported in the towns of the district. The following table Trade and Commerce ind icates the most important commodities manu 22. Cement articles and oils are among the factured, imported and exported in various towns of important commodities manufactured in the district. the district. TABLE No. 10 MOST IMPORTANT COMMODITY MANUFACTURED, IMPORTED AND EXPORTED IN TOWNS Most important commodity Name, Class and Civic status of the Town r------..A------~ Manufactured Exported Imported ------2 3 4 Baggar (M)-IV Cement Pole Bajra Cloth Bissau (M)-IV Glue Gwar Wheat Chirawa (M)-III Biscuit Moth Jaggery Gothra (C. T.)-IV Copper Copper Machineries Jhunjhunun (M)-III Cement tiles Printed cloth Cotton cloth Khetri (M)-IV Vegetable Vegetable Cloth Mandwa (M)-IV Mundha Mundha Grain Mandrela (M)-V Mustard oil Wheat Sugar Mukandgarh (M)-IV Oil Oil Wheat Nawalgarh (M)-III Carpet Barley Gwar Pilani (M)-IV Bulb Goat Cycle Vidya Vihar (M)-V Electronic goods Electronic goods Grain Surajgarh (M) - IV Pulses Pulses Cotton seeds Udaipurwati (M)-IV Iron Scissors Iron Scissors Swing Machine $ $ $ ~l!_ri'lT, tTt'Sl"ilT'fin:l q~i 5PffHf'fil 'fit ~rf~~ ~~ ~TlfTf~ ~Cf~T q-;: qtf~lf'fiTlf ~T~rr~ ST~Ff 'fi~CfT ~ I \;f.,~~.,T f.,itllTT~lf [HT ~Cfif~c; tl'; ~ ~Tlf q lIT~~qn: ~TCfi~ ST(~'fi f\;f~ ~ f~~ ~~lf -~'1lf ;;r.,lfl!_r.,T ~fHr'f>T ~ ~q if ST'fiTfllTa f'fiit \;fT ~~ ~ I ~'lt fCf'!iCfTq ~ f'fi it ~f~Cf'f>Tit lfT;;fFfTfq~l, STlITHf'fiT, f1if&lT 1ifTf~'lS£tTT o:~ ~STFf'f>CfT~T ~ f<1lr ~(lf;:Cf ;a-q-lfTlfT, ~:qi'fT(lf'ii Cf~T lif:qCfi~ fu;[ ~T~T I srcit'ii f;;r~T ;jf.,lfl!_r'iT ~f~a'iiT ~ ~T lI'Tlf ~ : - lI'T~ - '~' if ST(it'ii ~Tlf /1if~<: if :a-q-~ia \ifrrWqm~T ~ ~~f.. 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