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Iowa State College Journal of Science 14.1

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Iowa State College Journal of Science 14.1 IOWA STATE COLLEGE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Published on the first day of October, January, April, and July EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, Jay W. Woodrow. AssISTANT EDITOR, Florence Willey Nichols. CONSULTING EDITORS: R. E. Buchanan, C. J. Drake, A. H. Fuller, I. E. Melhus, E. A. Benbrook, P. Mabel Nelson, V. E. Nelson, C. H. Brown. From Sigma Xi: E. W. Lindstrom, 0. R. Sweeney, B. W. Hammer. All manuscripts submitted should be addressed to Jay W. Woodrow, Physics Building, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. All remittances should be addressed to Collegiate Press, Inc., Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Single Copies: One Doll,ar.• ~uM.SubiacyiptioI\= Three Dollars; in Can­ ada, Three Doller!! ~ci~~nti.:Jive.Gt?,nls}. :i:io~. Three Dollars and Fifty Cents. •-... ~ : • • • • • • • : ·: :. .. : : . .. .. ... .. ... .. .• . .-y-r-+-.. .• . •. • • . .·.. · :·: .. ... .. ... .. ........ ..: Entered as se~~hd~ttais'i ~~r :r anuari 16,: 193ri, ;t. the postoffice at Ames, Iowa, unde'r'tJ;.e·a~t:q{ !-'Iar~~ s:.ts7~ · ·' · CONTENTS ABSTRACTS OF DOCTORAL THESES Effects of tomato juice on production of flavor contributants in butter cultures. CLEMENT WILFRED ABBOTT ................................................... 3 '""' Bacteriological studies on swiss-type cheese from pasteurized milk. FRED JOHN BABEL ···················································································· 6 Organometallic radicals. JAMES CLYDE BAILIE ....................................... 8 The effect of decomposition on the lignin of plant materials. JOHN BRUEN BARTLETT ······················································································ 11 Bacterial dissimilation of citric acid. CARL ROBERT BREWER ............... 14 Relationship of Achromobacter putrefaciens to the putrid defect of butter. THOMAS JOSEPH CLAYDON ..................................................... 17 Differentiability and continuity properties of solutions of certain partial differential equations of applied mathematics. ARTHUR w. DAVIS ................................................................................................. 20 Effects of toxic compounds on the gustatory chemoreceptors in certain diptera. CHRISTIAN CHARLES DEONIER ............................................. 22 The oxidation of certain polyhydric alcohols by Acetobacter suboxy- dans. JoHN W. DUNNING ..................................................................... 24 Studies on the fermentative activity of yeast zymin. KENNETH G. DYKSTRA ···································································································· 27 Effect of treated fats on vitamin A potency. HARRY CHAIM DYME ..... 29 Effect of growth of microorganisms on acid numbers of fat in cream and butter. EVERETT L. FouTs ........................................................... 32 The quantitative spectrographic analysis of soils. RALPH ABIJAH GOODWIN···································································································· 35 Use of functionals in obtaining approximate solutions of linear opera- tional equations. GEORGE LLOYD GROSS ............................................. 37 Effect of ether on the toxicity of certain fumigants to the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duval. HAROLD GUNDERSON .... 39 Relation of the structure of sugars to the chemism of the butyl- acetonic fermentation. JAMES F. GUYMON ....................................... 40 A classification of the proteolytic micrococci isolated from dairy products. HORACE H. HARNED ............................................................. 43 - The determination of elastic constants by piezo-electric methods. PHILLIP JAMES HART················································································ 46 Radiant heat transfer in ceramic kilns. FRANK B. HoDGDON ................. 48 The accuracy of the plating method for estimating the number of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi in a laboratory sample of soil. NORMAN JAMES ....................................................................................... 50 - Insecticidal action of some substituted pyrrolidines. JusTus G. KmcHNER .................................................................... ............................. 53 Note: Complete copies of these theses may be consulted at the Library, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. [1] 2 ABSTRACTS OF DOCTORAL THESES Relationship between the electron-sharing ability of radicals and the association of organic compounds. FRANC A. LANDEE ......... ........... 55 Organometallic compounds of group VIII elements. MYRL LICHTENWALTER ............................................................ ·............................ 57 The conductance of solutions of organosubstituted ammonium chlorides in liquid hydrogen sulfide. EDGAR ELWYN LINEKEN ...... 60 Reactions of some high-molecular-weight fatty acid derivatives. MILES R. MCCORKLE ................................................................................ 64 Breakdown potentials of gases under alternating voltages. D. OREN McCoy ........................................................................................................ 67 Ionization constants and insecticidal action of substituted quinolines and tetrahydroquinolines. WILBURN. OLDHAM ................................ 69 Finite strain analysis in elastic theory. DoNALD HILL RocK ................ 71 Some studies on swine influenza. I. Comparative study of Hemophilus influenzae suis and Hemophilus influenzae. II. Antibody response to experimental swine influenza. CARLOS T. RosENBUSCH .............. 73 Relation between the free energy of soil water and the moisture con- tent of soil. MORELL B. RussELL .......................................................... 76 The relation between methods of saccharification and yield of ethanol from various cereals. LORIN SCHOENE ................... ... .................. ...... 78 The culture of fly larvae for use in maggot therapy. SAMUEL WILLIAM SIMMONS ···································································································· 81 Effect of quartz filters on the distribution of energy in laue patterns. DEAN w ALDO STEBBINS ............................................................................ 84 Some factors influencing nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter. JOHN L. SULLIVAN .................................................................................................... 87 Some changes produced in growth, reproduction, blood and urine of rats by salts of zinc with certain observations on the effects of cadmium and beryllium salts. WILLIAM R. SUTTON ........................ 89 Derivatives of 1-, 4-, 6-, and 9-substituted dibenzofurans. JACK Sw1sLOWSKY ............................................................................................ 92 Evaluations of consumption in modern thought. ALISON COMISH THORNE ...................................................................................................... 95 Some anomalous Friedel-Crafts reactions. JosEPH A. V. TURCK, JR..... 98 Preparation of cholesterilene and various cholestadienes. RALPH LAWRENCE VAN PEURSEM ........................................................................ 101 Differentiation of the vitamins of the B complex and their distribu- tion in certain foods. WALDO RICHARD WYATT ................................ 103 EFFECTS OF TOMATO JUICE ON PRODUCTION OF FLAVOR CONTRIBUTANTS IN BUTTER CULTURES1 CLEMENT WILFRED ABBOTT From the Department of Dairy Industry, Iowa State College Received July 19, 1939 Diacetyl and volatile acids are formed by the citric acid fermenting streptococci when they ferment citric acid in an acid medium and are associated with the aroma of fine butter. In addition to diacetyl, acetyl­ methylcarbinol which is odorless is always formed in a butter culture and is present in much greater quantities. These two materials are frequently determined together by steam distilling a portion of the cul­ ture, to which ferric chloride has been added, into a sodium acetate­ hytlroxylamine hydrochloride solution. The distillate is heated to form dimethylglyoxime. Nickel chloride is added and a red precipitate of nickel dimethylglyoximate is obtained. As diacetyl and the associated acetylmethylcarbinol are of primary importance in the production of butter having a high flavor and aroma, attempts were made to increase the yield of acetylmethylcarbinol plus diacetyl by adding various materials to butter cultures containing added citric acid. The intention was not that these materials should serve as substrates but rather that they should increase the amount of acetyl­ methylcarbinol plus diacetyl formed from the citric acid in the culture. It was found that certain concentrations of tomato juice produced marked increases in the amounts of acetylmethylcarbinol plus diacetyl produced by butter cultures. In one series of trials, as little as 1 per cent of juice increased the yield by 31.1 per cent, 10 per cent of juice doubled the yield, while the addition of 40 per cent reduced the yield 41.2 per cent below that of cultures containing no juice. Tomato juices from different sources showed great differences in their effects on the yield of acetylmethylcarbinol plus diacetyl by butter cultures. Some brands were. as potent as juices from fresh tomatoes, but none exceeded them. Juices from red and from yellow tomatoes ap­ peared to be equally effective. No relation could be found between specific gravity, salt content, pH, color after sterilization and the effect
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