Philippe GONIN, Robert Wyatt, Rock Bottom

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Philippe GONIN, Robert Wyatt, Rock Bottom Volume ! La revue des musiques populaires 15 : 2 | 2019 Paradoxal Metal Philippe GONIN, Robert Wyatt, Rock Bottom Michel Delville Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/volume/6843 DOI : 10.4000/volume.6843 ISSN : 1950-568X Éditeur Association Mélanie Seteun Édition imprimée Date de publication : 17 juin 2019 Pagination : 162-166 ISBN : 978-2-913169-46-3 ISSN : 1634-5495 Référence électronique Michel Delville, « Philippe GONIN, Robert Wyatt, Rock Bottom », Volume ! [En ligne], 15 : 2 | 2019, mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2021, consulté le 27 janvier 2021. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/volume/ 6843 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/volume.6843 L'auteur & les Éd. Mélanie Seteun un jeu de masques camouflant un discours implicite plus subversif encore que cette Philippe Gonin, mise en obscénité de la langue dominante. En effet, les narratrices y revendiquent une Robert Wyatt, Rock sexualité féminine active qui vient annuler le schéma discursif masculin sur la sexualité. Bottom, Rouen, Or « la question de la sexualité implique celle du genre, derrière laquelle depuis toujours Densité, 2017, en Amérique celle de la race ne se trouve jamais bien loin » (290). coll. « Discogonie » Ainsi ce travail très complet sur l’œuvre de Lucille Bogan et sa mise en perspective par une analyse du contexte social et culturel Par Michel Delville dans lequel elle se déploie amènent l’auteur à deux conclusions principales : d’une part Robert Wyatt demeure un véritable la chanteuse propose un féminisme sans objet génériquement non identifié au sein de concession, l’amenant à proposer des discours l’histoire de la musique contemporaine, et ce subversifs quant aux catégories de genre, de pour deux raisons principales : la première race et de classe. Par ailleurs, l’analyse de est son éviction du groupe Soft Machine son rapport à l’obscène permet d’identifier en 1971, qui l’éjecte de la sphère du jazz- Lucille Bogan comme une sorte de « chaînon rock à laquelle il était alors associé, au même manquant » entre le blues et le rap, ce qui titre que d’autres artistes et groupes de la constitue un apport à l’histoire de la culture scène de Canterbury tels que Egg, Gong et vernaculaire afro-américaine. Hatfield and the North ; la seconde est le virage avant-pop amorcé par Wyatt dès le Bibliographie début de sa carrière solo — si l’on excepte le Levet Jean-Paul (2003), Talkin’ that talk, Lille, Kargo. très expérimental End of an Ear (1970) — et dont Rock Bottom (1974) reste un des som- Béthune Christian (2016), « L’explicite, l’implicite et mets incontestables, prélude d’une carrière le mineur : deux blues obscènes de Lucille Bogan », Volume ! La revue des musiques populaires, vol. 13, accidentée, pavée de seulement neuf albums n° 2, p. 177-199. officiels en près de cinquante ans (le dernier en date, Comicopera, date de 2007) et mar- quée par une résistance à toute forme de catégorisation et de classification. En dépit d’une couverture média- tique trop souvent restée confidentielle, Wyatt est un artiste-culte, adulé par de nombreux artistes des scènes rock et jazz. Il a récemment fait l’objet de plusieurs biographies critiques (dont le très docu- 162 menté Different Every Time de Marcus dans le cadre du Meltdown Festival d’Or- nette Coleman, et à une toute aussi discrète apparition aux côtés de Paul Weller fin 2016 dans le cadre d’un concert de soutien à Jeremy Corbyn. En retraçant la genèse de Rock Bottom, Philippe Gonin prend soin de ne pas tomber dans le piège qui consisterait à voir dans ce disque une continuité narrative liée à Robert Wyatt, Rock Bottom l’accident qui a cloué Wyatt sur une chaise roulante l’année précédant la sortie de l’al- bum. Il nous rappelle au passage que Rock Bottom a été conçu en amont de la chute, à l’époque où Wyatt réside à Venise avec sa future épouse, Alfreda Benge, qui travaille O’Dair), et les hommages musicaux n’ont pas sur le plateau du tournage du filmDon’t Look manqué ces dernières années. On songe aux Now de Nicholas Roeg (1973). Comme le Soupsongs d’Annie Whitehead, à l’ensemble souligne l’auteur, « rock bottom » évoque par Dondestan dirigé par Karen Mantler et John conséquent autant, sinon davantage, les fonds Greaves, au collectif Comicoperando, au rocheux sous-marins qui dominent la plage 15 sein duquel officient plusieurs membres de d’ouverture (« Sea Song ») que l’idée de « tou- 2 Henry Cow, au trio allemand Market Rasen, cher le fond ». Et Gonin de passer en revue à l’Orchestre National de Jazz, aux projets de les différentes phases de conceptualisation Jean-Michel Marchetti, de Pascal Comelade et de réalisation de l’album, sans parti pris et de Jean-Philippe Ramos, sans oublier les biographique, au travers de lectures rappro- reprises ponctuelles d’Aldo Romano, Hugh chées, entrecoupées de passages consacrés à la Hopper, Ultramarine, Kammerflimmer production du disque au sens large. Il récolte Kollektief ou encore Tears for Fears. Outre au passage de précieux témoignages inédits les qualités inestimables de sa musique, il est de Nick Mason, producteur de l’album, et permis de penser qu’une des raisons de ces de Fred Frith, alors membre de Henry Cow multiples hommages au co-fondateur du Soft et intervenant sur le morceau « Little Red Machine est liée à son absence quasi-totale Robin Hood Hit the Road ». de la scène depuis mai 1975. À cette époque, Dans son analyse de « Sea Song », Gonin il s’était produit à trois reprises aux côtés de remarque avec justesse que derrière la simpli- Henry Cow, groupe cardinal de la Canterbury cité et le dépouillement du morceau se loge un Scene et du Rock In Opposition. Depuis lors, mystère structurel qui l’éloigne des formats ses apparitions en public se sont limitées « song-based » traditionnels. Soulignant à deux brèves interventions aux côtés de l’émergence d’un « chorus harmonique- son ami David Gilmour, à une prestation ment instable » et du « mirage d’un refrain » lecture de Notes au sein du Liberation Music Orchestra de (39) qui ne revient jamais, l’auteur s’attache Charlie Haden programmée en juin 2009 à décrire les stratégies d’orchestration, 163 d’arrangement et de mixage utilisées par décalage), lequel crée une sorte de sfumato Wyatt et dont certaines lui sont selon toute musical si caractéristique du son unique de vraisemblance inspirées par Nick Mason. Rock Bottom. S’en suit une analyse subtile et précise des Dans son chapitre consacré à « Little jeux d’espace, des mouvances et décalages Red Riding Hood Hit the Road », Gonin stéréophoniques, des contrastes volumiques met d’emblée l’accent sur l’apport du trom- et des effets de timbre qui constituent le cœur pettiste sud-africain Mongezi Feza, décédé même du projet musical de Rock Bottom. C’est prématurément peu après la sortie de l’al- au sein de cet enchevêtrement de nuances bum et dont la « forêt de trompettes » (50) et de micro-distinctions rythmiques, mélo- — pour reprendre l’expression utilisée par diques et harmoniques, si éloignées du maxi- Richard Cook dans son compte-rendu pour malisme pop-jazz-prog des premières années le New Musical Express — ouvre le morceau du Soft Machine, que se déploie la puissance avant de faire place à un des chapitres les fragile et mélancolique de « Sea Song ». plus étranges, les plus délirants et les plus À la sortie de l’analyse brève mais tou- inquiétants de Rock Bottom. Le travail sur jours pertinente du morceau d’ouverture de les effets de voix et les passages joués en Rock Bottom, on est frappé par la finesse et la reverse ne font qu’accentuer les effets de justesse du propos. De la lecture du « mirage » déchirement, de distorsion et de fragmenta- de refrain de « Sea Song » à celle de la gamme tion apocalyptiques produits par un mixage par tons concluant « A Last Straw » (en lisant particulièrement complexe et audacieux. Il ce chapitre consacré au second morceau du convient de souligner ici l’importance de disque, on est en droit de se demander si la direction artistique de Mason qui, selon Wyatt, à l’instar de McCoy Tyner, n’avait Wyatt, a beaucoup influencé les techniques pas été influencé autant par l’impressionnisme de mixage de l’album, créant « une sorte de de Debussy — ou les modes à transposition “soupe” dans laquelle le solo n’est pas plus limitée de Messiaen — que par le free jazz important que la rythmique » (29). de Coltrane), Gonin évoque le mystère de « Alifib/Alife », le diptyque inaugu- cette musique située hors du temps et hors rant la face B de l’album vinyle, marque un de toute catégorie ou sous-catégorie du jazz- retour au format « ballade/ritournelle » de rock progressif, genre auquel Wyatt reste « Sea Song ». Wyatt reconnaît avoir « puisé irrémédiablement associé en tant qu’ex- l’audace » du morceau « dans [son] amour des membre du Soft Machine. Gonin situe avec comptines pour enfants et de leur incroyable ingéniosité le style vocal de Wyatt sur « A inventivité » (58). Cette fois, l’intro fait la part Last Straw » entre Duke Ellington (dont les belle non pas aux cuivres mais à l’improvisa- cuivres produisaient des effets de wah-wah tion de Hugh Hopper (qui venait à son tour de avant la lettre) et Sly and the Family Stone. quitter Soft Machine) à la basse électrique, Il est également attentif à l’usage presque posée sur une boucle vocale susurrée qui généralisé du « double tracking » (ce qui arrive sert de base rythmique au morceau. Pour lorsqu’un même instrument jouant la même Gonin, « Alifib » et « Alife » forment « une mélodie est enregistré sur une double piste seule et même entité à deux faces », la seconde 164 et entendu simultanément avec un très léger constituant le côté obscur de la première, la récitation d’Alfreda Benge décrivant le rêve relèvent des détails et des subtilités que éveillé de l’enfance dans ce qu’elle peut avoir seul un musicologue-musicien familier des de plus insondable mais aussi de plus sinistre techniques d’enregistrement en studio est sur un fond de free jazz transcendé par le susceptible de détecter (l’auteur est actif au saxophone de Gary Windo.
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