DOCSLIB.ORG

COMBINATIONS of MUTATIONS WITHIN PATHWAY PROVIDE for COMBINED TRAIT PHENOTYPES in LINES with SACPD MUTATIONS in SOYBEAN Erik Lewis Gaskin Purdue University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
COMBINATIONS of MUTATIONS WITHIN PATHWAY PROVIDE for COMBINED TRAIT PHENOTYPES in LINES with SACPD MUTATIONS in SOYBEAN Erik Lewis Gaskin Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations January 2016 COMBINATIONS OF MUTATIONS WITHIN PATHWAY PROVIDE FOR COMBINED TRAIT PHENOTYPES IN LINES WITH SACPD MUTATIONS IN SOYBEAN Erik Lewis Gaskin Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Recommended Citation Gaskin, Erik Lewis, "COMBINATIONS OF MUTATIONS WITHIN PATHWAY PROVIDE FOR COMBINED TRAIT PHENOTYPES IN LINES WITH SACPD MUTATIONS IN SOYBEAN" (2016). Open Access Theses. 1115. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1115 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated 12/26/2015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Erik Lewis Gaskin Entitled COMBINATIONS OF MUTATIONS WITHIN PATHWAY PROVIDE FOR COMBINED TRAIT PHENOTYPES IN LINES WITH SACPD MUTATIONS IN SOYBEAN For the degree of Master of Science Is approved by the final examining committee: Karen Hudson Chair Katy Rainey David Rhodes To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Karen Hudson, Katy Rainey Joseph Anderson 11/18/2016 Approved by: Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i COMBINATIONS OF MUTATIONS WITHIN PATHWAY PROVIDE FOR COMBINED TRAIT PHENOTYPES IN LINES WITH SACPD MUTATIONS IN SOYBEAN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Erik L. Gaskin In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii For cleaner veins. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank everyone that assisted me in accomplishing this goal of achieving my degree. Without Karen Hudson, I would not have even had this opportunity. Her knowledge in both the theoretical and technical applications of my studies was the foundation for my own development in understanding. It was her guidance that kept me on track to finish this project. My praise goes out to Militza Carrero-Colón, our laboratory technician. She not only taught me most of my laboratory skills, but also pushed me to develop my independence. An excellent role model, I could fill this page and more with positive remarks just about her. David Schlueter, our 'go-to-field guy,' was always a huge help in any task that needed done. Never one to turn way from a job of any difficulty, he has surely helped my studies progress further than I could have without him. A special thank you to everyone else that assisted to me in my studies. From our various undergraduate students that collected and process samples, to everyone that helped me through my personal struggles at home, everyone has been beautifully amazing. I am grateful to have had them as not only part of my scholarly career, but my life in general. With every ounce of sincerity, I thank everyone who has helped me in accomplishing this end. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. RESULTS ............................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 3. DISCUSSION ......................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................... 52 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 59 v LIST OF TABLES Table .............................................................................................................................. Page 1.1 SACPD-C Mutant Lines ............................................................................................. 15 2.1Mutant SNP Markers and Specifications ..................................................................... 25 * 2.2 FAD2-1AW194STOP x SACPD-CA218E Fatty Acid Composition ................................... 26 * 2.3 FAD2-1AW194STOP x SACPD-CA218E Protein and Oil Composition ........................... 27 * 2.4 FAD2-1AP284S x SACPD-CA218E Fatty Acid Composition ......................................... 28 * 2.5 FAD2-1AP284S x SACPD-CA218E Protein and Oil Composition ................................. 29 * 2.6 FAD2-1AL41F x SACPD-CA218E Fatty Acid Composition .......................................... 30 * 2.7 FAD2-1AL41F x SACPD-CA218E Protein and Oil Composition ................................... 31 2.8 FAD3AW81STOP x SACPD-CY211C Fatty Acid Composition ......................................... 32 2.9 FAD3AW81STOP x SACPD-CY211C Protein and Oil Composition .................................. 33 * 2.10 FAD3CP267S x SACPD-CA218E Fatty Acid Composition .......................................... 34 * 2.11 FAD3CP267S x SACPD-CA218E Protein and Oil Composition ................................... 35 2.12 Composition of FAD2-1AL41F x SACPD-CA218E, Mayaguez 201 ............................. 36 2.13 Composition of FAD3AW81STOP x SACPD-CY211C, Mayaguez 2015........................ 37 2.14 Composition of FAD3CP267S x SACPD-CA218E, Greenhouse 2015 ........................... 38 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure ............................................................................................................................. Page 1.1 Stearic Acid Molecule with Carbon Numbering ....................................................... 16 1.2 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathway .............................................................................. 17 1.3. Sequence Alignment of SACPD-A/B/C, Arabidopsis, and Castor Bean ................... 18 1.4 SACPD-CA218E x Prize F2 Stearic Acid Percentage ..................................................... 19 2.1 FAD2-1AW194STOP x (SACPD-CA218E x Prize) FA Composition Per Genotype ........... 39 2.2 FAD2-1AP284S x (SACPD-CA218E x Prize) FA Composition Per Genotype ................ 40 2.3 FAD2-1AL41F x (SACPD-CA218E x Prize) FA Composition Per Genotype.................. 41 2.4 FAD3AW81STOP x SACPD-CY211C FA Composition Per Genotype .............................. 42 2.5 FAD3CP267S x (SACPD-CA218E x Prize) FA Composition Per Genotype ................... 43 2.6 Genotypic and Phenotypic Distribution of FAD2-1AL41F x SACPD-CA218E ....................... 44 2.7 Genotypic and Phenotypic Distribution of FAD3AW81STOP x SACPD-CY211C ................... 45 2.8 Genotypic and Phenotypic Distribution of FAD3CP267S x SACPD-CA218E .......................... 46 63 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACP - Acyl-carrier protein CTAB - Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide EDTA - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ER - Endoplasmic Reticulum FA(S) - Fatty acid (synthesis) FAD2 - Fatty acid desaturase 2 FAD3- Fatty acid desaturase 3 GMO - Genetically Modified Organism KAS - Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase NIR - Near Infrared Spectroscopy SACPD - Delta-9-stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase TAE - Tris base, acetic acid, EDTA buffer TBE - Tris, borate, EDTA buffer TE - Tris EDTA buffer USB - United Soybean Board W82 - Williams 82 viii ABSTRACT Gaskin, Erik L. M.S., Purdue University, December 2016. Combinations of Mutations Within Pathway Provide for Combined Trait Phenotypes in Lines with SACPD Mutations in Soybean. Major Professor: Karen Hudson. Stearic acid is one of the five major fatty acids produced in soybean. It is an 18 carbon fully saturated lipid and is known for neutral or positive effects on LDL cholesterol when consumed by humans. Unfortunately, stearic acid only accounts for about 4% of the total seed oil produced in commodity soybean. Previous work has shown that stearic acid can reach levels as high as 28% of the total oil fraction when SACPD-C, the gene responsible for most of the stearic acid variation in soybean seed, is knocked out. In order to increase stearic acid content and create soybeans with improved utility based on fatty acid composition, we combined SACPD-C mutations with other mutations in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. When combined, double mutant progeny carrying mutant alleles of SACPD-C and FAD2-1A do not have elevated levels of oleic acid. However, sacpdc fad3 double mutants have statistically significantly elevated levels of stearic acid and statistically significantly lower linolenic acid. 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION At just under 4 billion bushels produced by the U.S. in 2014 (USDA-NASS, 2016) soybean (Glycine max) is a crop that most families rely on for many reasons, whether they are aware of it or not. Soybean is extremely useful, in that the seeds can be consumed as food for both animals and humans but the oils produced by the seed can also be extracted and used in the food industry
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Soybean Gene Zoo (2018)
    Seeds from all soybean are all edible varieties soybean from Seeds Soybean seeds are rich sources of both protein and oil. oil. and protein are both rich of sources seeds Soybean varieties Soybean T Glycine soja Demonstration of special uses special of Demonstration Demonstration the of use biotech of Demonstration soybean of he USDA began organized saturated and more than 60% than and are polyunsaturated. more saturated contains oil Soy consumption. human for used is seeds lower than normal for saturated, developed.been rations for hogs, poultry, and cattle. Many higher amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (protein) soybean varieties. those of modern than smaller are much released under the Xtend® the under released plants. to soybean a herbicide of nonselective application emergence beans for food. food. for beans texture and strong odor and taste. taste. and odor strong and texture fermented product proteinhigh with content. Fermentation is facilitated by the bacterium or flavor clear hila. have food soybeans grade resistance trait 2Yield®) Ready Roundup and Ready® Roundup (e.g. MU Gene Zoo displays displays Zoo Gene MU Soybeanbreeding varieties. new soyb USA of 75% nearly 1944, By II. introductions Clark Glycine Soja (background) mid MG 00 fill Clark (background) and 10.7 pounds of crude oil. oil. crude of pounds 10.7 and odor is t Mukden is glabrous he wild progenitor of soybean. The plant is a vine that twines around other plants and structures for support. Leaflets China intro on its own and is often added to other foods. foods. other to added often is and own its on (LibertyLink®) early MG 1 fill The scar where the seed is attached to the pod is called a hilum.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Agricultural Biotechnology Annual Canada
    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 12/21/2017 GAIN Report Number: CA17042 Canada Agricultural Biotechnology Annual 2017 Approved By: Evan Mangino, Agricultural Attaché Prepared By: Erin Danielson, Agricultural Specialist Alexandrea Watters, Agricultural Specialist Report Highlights: The first commercial sales of products of a genetically engineered animal, the AquAdvantage salmon, occurred in Canada in 2017. Canadian genetically engineered crop area is estimated at 12.53 million hectares for 2017, up 17 percent from 2016. Canola area reached a record high in 2017, surpassing wheat area for the first time ever. Since the 2016 annual biotechnology report, Canada has approved five new genetically engineered crop varieties: three potatoes and two corn. Keywords: agriculture, biotechnology, CA17042, Canada, GE, genetically engineered REPORT OUTLINE Section I: Executive Summary Section II: Plant and Animal Biotechnology CHAPTER 1: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY PART A: Production and Trade PART B: Policy PART C: Marketing CHAPTER 2: ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PART D: Production and Trade PART E: Policy PART F: Marketing Section I. Executive Summary In 2017, Canada planted approximately12.5 million hectares of genetically engineered (GE) crops, mainly canola, soybeans, corn, sugar beets and some alfalfa. Canada ranked fourth in the most recent International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) global ranking of area planted with GE crops. In May and August 2017, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and Health Canada approved the unconfined environmental release of two Syngenta GE corn products for commercial planting purposes, livestock feed and food use.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Test Kits Catalogue – 2021 Catalogue Kits Test Diagnostic Technologies Eurofins
    Catalogue 2021 EUROFINS TECHNOLOGIES DIAGNOSTIC TEST KITS CATALOGUE – 2021 CATALOGUE KITS TEST DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES EUROFINS Diagnostic Test Kits Food, Feed, Animal Health and Environmental Analysis Diagnostic Test Kits Catalogue 2021 Food, Feed, Animal Health and Environmental Analysis Dilution buffer Wash solution Stop Solution Conjugate Standards Microtiter plate Substrate EUROFINS TECHNOLOGIES | 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Eurofins Technologies Contacts and Locations ...6 MYCOTOXINS..................... 25 VETERINARY DRUG ANIMAL SPECIES .............. 65 RESIDUES AND ADDITIVES .. 49 Eurofins Technologies Mycotoxin Kits ..........25 Eurofins Technologies Animal Species Kits ..65 ALLERGENS ........................ 9 B ZERO® Quantitative ELISA Test Kits ........25 Eurofins Technologies Veterinary Drug DNAnimal Kits ..........................................66 Celer® Quantitative ELISA Test Kits ............26 Residues and Additives Kits .......................49 Meat Standards ........................................67 Eurofins Technologies Allergen Kits...............9 Water-based Quantitative ELISA Test Kits ....26 l’Screen Quantitative ELISA Test Kits..........50 Control DNAs ............................................67 SENSISpec Allergen Detection ELISA Kits ..10 l’Screen Quantitative ELISA Test Kits..........27 B ZERO® Quantitative ELISA Test Kits ........50 Supplementary Products ............................10 SENSIColumn Immunoaffinity Columns ......27 Other Kits to Detect Veterinary Drug SENSISpec Gluten Detection ELISA Kits.....11
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Biotechnology: Facilitating Trade for Food and Feed Sharon Bomer Lauritsen Assistant U.S
    Agricultural Biotechnology: Facilitating Trade for Food and Feed Sharon Bomer Lauritsen Assistant U.S. Trade Representative, Agriculture North American Agricultural Biotechnology Council June 2, 2015 1 Outline Agricultural Biotechnology in U.S. and Global Agriculture Issues Affecting Agricultural Trade U.S. Government Approaches to Trade and Agricultural Biotechnology 2 Biotech Crop Countries and Mega-Countries*, 2014 I S A A A 3 Global Adoption Rates (%) for Principal Biotech Crops, 2014 I S A A A M Acres 494 200 184 445 180 Conventional 395 160 Biotech 346 140 111 296 120 247 100 198 80 140 60 37 36 99 40 49 20 0 0 82% 68% 30% 25% Soybean Cotton Maize Canola 4 Source: Clive James, 2014 Hectarage based on FAO Preliminary Data for 2012. Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2014: By Crop (Million I S A A A Hectares, Million Acres) M Acres 247 100 222 90 Soybean 198 80 Maize 173 70 Cotton Canola 148 60 124 50 99 40 74 30 49 20 25 10 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 5 Source: Clive James, 2014 Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2014: Industrial and Developing Countries I S A A A M Acres 494 200 445 180 Total Industrial 395 160 Developing 346 140 296 120 247 100 198 80 148 60 99 40 49 20 00 6 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Clive James, 2014 Biotechnology and Trade 120 Biotechnology: Trade in % global trade from GE producers: 2012/13 Major Crops, 2012/13 100 120 100 80 global trade 80 60 share of 60 global trade 40 from GE producers 40 20 20 0 0 soybeans corn cotton canola soybeans corn cotton canola 7 Source: Brooks and Barfoot, 2014 RTA Expansion 1975 8 Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Food Agriculture and Biotechnology 1
    SCIENCE AND SCIENCE AND OUR FOOD SUPPLY Investigating Food Safety from FAR to OUR FOOD SUPPLYTABLE Simplified Steps of Plasmid DevelopmentExploring Food Agriculture and Biotechnology 1. Plasmid Cut with a 2. Plasmid and Desired Gene 3. Plasmid with Desired Restriction Enzyme Joined Using DNA Ligase Gene Inserted X P F1 X Selection Marker Gene Desired Gene That Sticky F2 Ligase was Cut with Same Restriction End Enzyme Restriction Enzyme Enzyme as the Plasmid Teacher’s Guide for High School Classrooms 1st Edition SCIENCE AND OUR FOOD SUPPLY Exploring Food Agriculture and Biotechnology Dear Teacher, You may be familiar with Science and Our Food Supply, the award-winning supplemental curriculum developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Science Teaching Association (NSTA). It uses food as the springboard to engage students in inquiry-based, exploratory science that also promotes awareness and proper behaviors related to food safety. FDA has developed a new component to the program: Science and Our Food Supply: Exploring Food Agriculture and Biotechnology —Teacher’s Guide for High School Classrooms, 1st edition. Designed to be used separately or in conjunction with the original program, this curriculum aims to help students understand traditional agricultural methods and more recent technologies that many farmers use today. The United States has long benefited from a successful agriculture system. However, with fewer people working on farms today compared to 100, or even 50, years ago, many American students do not fully understand how agriculture directly affects such aspects of their lives as food, health, lifestyles, and the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Soybean-Mon-87705
    soybean-mon-87705 Organisation: none Country: Germany Type: Individual a. Assessment: Others We don't want your genfood. Acceptance of the EU will go into cellar as you constantly rise economic interests of monsanto over peoples needs and wishes Organisation: The European GMO-free Citizens Country: The Netherlands Type: Others... a. Assessment: Molecular characterisation See Seralini at all for analysing Roundup http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637 Comparative analysis (for compositional analysis and agronomic traits and GM phenotype) See a. b. Food Safety Assessment: Toxicology see a. Allergenicity See www.gentechvrij.nl/glyfosaat.html Nutritional assessment See a. Others An analyst at the Center for Food Safety commented that "No animal feeding trials were conducted on [Vistive Gold] to see what would happen when it was consumed".[5] ]GenØk study Researchers at GenØk and the University of Canterbury concluded in a collaborative report submitted to the Norwegian government that there were "a number of methodological and conceptual weaknesses contained in the [MON 87705] dossier".[6] The study outlined concerns that "[t]he rates, types and pathways of exposure to MON 87705 have not been sufficiently characterized" by Monsanto, which it also said had not presented a "convincing case for having either identified or analyzed off-target effects of the novel dsRNAs expressed in soybean MON 87705, or other unintended metabolic changes". The researchers found it significant that Monsanto "excluded the production of novel small peptides being produced by regular but low level expression of intended dsRNAs," and that it had "only argued that they do not exist", which was described as lacking a basis in science.
    [Show full text]
  • United States
    United States CHS Approved Reason Company Product Event OECD Crop Market Status Authorized For Updated Yes Bayer CropScience LibertyLink Soybeans A2704-12 ACS-GMØØ5-3 Soybean Commodity Cultivation Environmental/Cultivation, Food, Feed 12/14/2015 Yes Bayer CropScience LibertyLink Soybeans A5547-127 ACS-GMØØ6-4 Soybean Commodity Cultivation Environmental/Cultivation, Food, Feed 12/14/2015 Yes Bayer CropScience SeedLink Canola MS8/RF3 ACS-BNØØ5-8 X ACS-BNØØ3-6 Canola Commodity Cultivation Environmental/Cultivation, Food, Feed 12/18/2015 Yes Bayer CropScience LibertyLink Maize T25 ACS-ZMØØ3-2 Corn Commodity Cultivation Environmental/Cultivation, Food, Feed 12/14/2015 Yes Dow AgroSciences LLC Herculex I TC1507 DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 Corn Commodity Cultivation Environmental/Cultivation, Food, Feed 1/31/2013 Yes Dow AgroSciences LLC Herculex RW DAS-59122-7 DAS-59122-7 Corn Commodity Cultivation Environmental/Cultivation, Food, Feed 8/18/2014 Yes Dow AgroSciences LLC Herculex XTRA TC1507 X DAS-59122-7 DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 x DAS-59122-7 Corn Commodity Cultivation Environmental/Cultivation, Food, Feed 10/5/2011 Herculex XTRA X Roundup Ready TC1507 X DAS-59122-7 X NK603 DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 x DAS-59122-7 x MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 Corn Commodity Cultivation Refer to Individual Event Status 10/5/2011 Dow AgroSciences LLC Corn 2 Yes For the Environmental/Cultivation authorization please refer to TC1507 x DAS-59122-7 and NK603. Yes Dow AgroSciences LLC Herculex I x Roundup Ready Corn 2 TC1507 x NK603 DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 X MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 Corn Commodity Cultivation Refer to Individual Event Status 9/28/2012
    [Show full text]
  • Travis Wiemann Harvested 10/05/2017 Chemicals Applied
    Channel Resource Guide Travis Wiemann Brand Entry Number Product Yield(Bu/A) Gross Income($) Trait Harvest Moisture(%) Relative Maturity Harvest Population CHANNEL 1 0518R2X 40.60 $355.22 RR2X 12.3 0.5 CHANNEL 2 0616R2X 42.92 $375.54 RR2X 12.1 0.6 PIONEER 3 P08T58X 41.15 $360.09 RR2X 12.3 0.8 CHANNEL 4 0916R2X 45.10 $394.60 RR2X 12.2 0.9 CHANNEL 5 1017R2X 49.22 $430.66 RR2X 11.8 1 PIONEER 6 P10T41X 48.10 $420.87 RR2X 11.8 1 CHANNEL 7 1117R2X 51.28 $448.70 RR2X 12.1 1.1 CHANNEL 8 1318R2X 53.57 $468.74 RR2X 12 1.3 CHANNEL 9 1517R2X 53.02 $463.95 RR2X 12.9 1.5 CHANNEL 10 1818R2X 56.17 $491.49 RR2X 14 1.8 2017 SOYBEAN | Yield values adjusted to 13% moisture | Gross income is calculated with a $9.0Bu/A Harvested Row Width 10/05/2017 30 Chemicals Applied Irrigated SOY ACCELERON STD 2017 No PPST SOYBEAN 2017 Planted Experiment Number 05/14/2017 2017:01_W57_NDBN_US31 N9C SY MD Tillage 879551548716925_W57_US31 N9C SY MD 879551548716925_Y_None CONVENTIONAL Planting Rate Average Harvest Population Channel Resource Guide GENSS = Genuity® SmartStax® CONV = Conventional GENSTXRIB = Genuity® SmartStax® RIB 3000GT = Agrisure® 3000GT ® Complete Corn Blend ACB = Agrisure® CB ® ® GENVT3PRO = Genuity VT Triple PRO ACB/LL = Agrisure® CB/LL Corn AGT = Agrisure® GT GENVT2PRO = Genuity® VT Double PRO® ® Corn AGT/ACB/LL = Agrisure GT/CB/LL ® GENRR2Y = Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 AGT/ARW = Agrisure GT/RW Yield® Soybean AM1 = Optimum® AcreMax® 1 GENRR2Y/SR = Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 AMRW = Optimum® AcreMax® RW Yield®/SR® HX1 = Herculex® 1 GENRR2Y/VISTIVE = Vistive®
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Food Agriculture and Biotechnology
    BACKGROUND INFORMATION PART 1 New Variety Evaluation A typical diet for most people includes a variety of foods. Some of those foods are eaten in their original form (such as a whole apple or a banana), while other foods (such as apple pie or banana muffins) are a combination of ingredients. Food ingredients include spices, sweeteners, preservatives, and other substances that affect food characteristics such What makes up a banana? as taste, texture, and nutritional content. The ingredients in processed foods are required to be on the labels. All foods, whether a whole food or a food ingredient, have a certain chemical identity, i.e., a characterizing composition that may include one or more of the following: amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals (to name a few). Some whole foods and ingredients may also have components that function as anti-nutrients (compounds that interfere with nutrient absorption) or natural toxins. Some components may also elicit allergenic responses in susceptible people. The levels of these food components provide the food’s specific identity, i.e., what makes a banana a banana or a salmon a salmon, and what Source: Ingredients of an All-Natural Banana, James distinguishes corn oil from olive oil. Kennedy (VCE Chemistry teacher in Melbourne, Australia) When a new plant variety is developed through genetic engineering (GE plant, GE variety), its composition is typically from GE plants do not contain recombinant DNA, RNA, or analyzed and compared with parental and commercial protein and are chemically and functionally identical to their varieties. The levels of key components (nutrients, anti- non-GE-derived counterparts.
    [Show full text]
  • World News MATERIALICA Design Technology 2012 Silver Award for Outstanding Innovation in the “Material” Category
    In Colorado, ZeaChem has completed construction of cellulosic ethanol biorefinery in Boardman, Oregon. The project was completed on budget and is expected to begin production of cellulosic ethanol by the end of 2012. ZeaChem’s core process produces acetic acid and ethyl acetate which are intermediate chemicals for applications including paints, lacquers and consumer goods. ■ Cereplast wins silver in MATERIALICA Design Technology 201220122012 In California, Cereplast’s Hybrid 651D has won the World News MATERIALICA Design Technology 2012 silver award for outstanding innovation in the “Material” category. The awards ceremony took place in 【【【America 】】】 Munich, Germany at the 15 th annual trade fair, ■ Intrexon to purchase 48% of AquaBounty MATERIALICA—Lightweight Design for New Technologies Mobility, on the evening of October 23. Cereplast In Virginia, Intrexon Corp., a synthetic biology Hybrid 651D was the sole bioplastic material to be company that utilizes its proprietary technologies to nominated for and to win the prestigious provide control over cellular function, announced MATERIALICA award. Hybrid 651D is starch that it has entered into a definitive purchase hybrid resin. agreement to acquire an approximately 48% ■ Meredian holds grand opening for Bainbridge interest in AquaBounty Technologies from existing bioplastic plant shareholders. ABT is a biotechnology company In Georgia, Meredian Inc., a privately held focused on enhancing the productivity in biopolymer manufacturer hosted the grand opening aquaculture. of their plant in Bainbridge. Production of bioplastic ■ BAL and Xunshan to develop integrated seaweed is scheduled to get underway in the next two to biobiobio-bio ---refineryrefinery three weeks. The Albany Herald reports that In California, Bio Architecture Lab and Xunshan production rates should pass 300,000 tons/yr., Group have entered into an agreement to develop making this the largest PHA plant in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-GMO-Package.Pdf
    Welcome to EnviroLogix. We are a world leader in the development of diagnostic test kits for the international agricultural industry. Along with test kits for GMOs, we offer a complete grain testing solution for grain elevators, merchandisers, and exporters that has been used for years by organizations ranging from multi-billion dollar conglomerates to small country elevators. Our industry leadership in testing and traceability is rooted in our QuickScan System; a powerful platform combining world-class software and quantification with a familiar and easy-to-use computer interface. In this packet you will find detailed information on our GMO test kits and QuickScan traceability system. We hope to make a compelling case for making us your strategic partner for all your grain quality and traceability needs. As well as GMO testing, our portfolio of rapid tests also includes QuickTox test kits for mycotoxins such as Aflatoxin, DON (Vomitoxin), Fumonisin, and more. The traceability and identity preservation capabilities of our QuickScan System add even more value to your testing, along with enabling storage and analysis of data to help you carry your business forward. To learn even more about our technology, feel free to visit our website, www.envirologix.com, or contact a member of our sales team at 1-866-408-4597 ext. 3. Best regards, Susan J. Whipkey Product Manager GMO Testing – Getting Started QuickScan System QuickScan is a highly flexible and precise strip-reading system that quantification and traceability system. Developed specifically for EnviroLogix, it offers users objective, fast and quantifiable results. QuickComb Kits for Soy and/or Corn Soy QuickComb kits test for four types of GMOs and the Corn QuickComb kits can detect ten distinct GMOs.
    [Show full text]
  • Monsanto Company $ 1,109 $ 2,109 $ 2,024 (47%) Diluted Earnings Per Share (2) $ 2.01 $ 3.80 $ 3.62 (47%)
    800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, U.S.A. www.monsanto.com MAG10012 FACES OF FARMING MONSANTO CO M P ANY 2010 2010 A NN 2010 Annual Report UAL REPO UAL R T GROWING COMMUNITIES Faces of Farming any faces of farming around the world shape agriculture and rural M communities. America’s Farmers Grow Communities, sponsored by the Monsanto Fund, gives farmers across the United States an opportunity to give back to their community. And it’s an opportunity for Monsanto to show its appreciation for farmers — and their communities. Everlyn Bryant, of Pine Bluff, Arkansas, farms 2,500 acres of soybeans and wheat. Bryant was chosen as her county’s America’s Farmers Grow Communities winner, and she designated the $2,500 donation to her local food bank. “Share-a-Prayer is a charity I’ve donated to in the past, and I knew they were making a positive impact in my community,” said Bryant. “Especially in our current economic environment, the food bank was really stretching the dollar and I knew the money would really help them.” Financial Highlights (in millions, except per share amounts) % Change Years ended Aug. 31 2010 2009 2008 2010 vs. 2009 Operating Results Net Sales $10,502 $11,724 $11,365 (10%) EBIT (1) $ 1,572 $ 3,007 $ 2,891 (48%) Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company $ 1,109 $ 2,109 $ 2,024 (47%) Diluted Earnings per Share (2) $ 2.01 $ 3.80 $ 3.62 (47%) Other Selected Data Free Cash Flow (3) $ 564 $ 1,523 $ 795 (63%) Capital Expenditures $ 755 $ 916 $ 918 (18%) Depreciation and Amortization $ 602 $ 548 $ 573 10% Diluted Shares Outstanding(2) 550.8 555.6 559.7 NM Net Sales Earnings per Share (2) Free Cash Flow (3) (in billions of dollars, As Reported Ongoing (in billions of dollars, for years ended Aug.
    [Show full text]