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CORVOS SYSTEMS INSTALLATION GUIDE Disk System
★ ★ Xerox 820 CORVOS SYSTEMS ★ 2029 OTcole Avenue * San Jose. California 95131 DISCLAIMER OF ALL INSTALLATION WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY GUIDE CorvusSystems, inc. makes no warranties, either expressed or implied,with respect tothismanualorwithrespect tothesoftware described inthismanual,Its quality,performance,merchantability,or fitness for any particular purpose. Cor Disk System vus Systems. Inc. software is sold or licensed "as is." The entire risk as to its quality and performanceis with the buyerand not CorvusSystems. Inc., its distributor, or its retailer. The buyer assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing,repair,orcorrection and any incidentalor consequential damages. In no event willCorvus Systems. Inc. be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damagesresulting from anydefect inthe software, evenifCorvus Systems.Inc.hasbeenadvisedofthepossibilityofsuchdamages.Somestatesdo notallowthe exclusion or limitation of implied warrantiesor liability for incidental orconsequential damages, so the abovelimitation orexclusion may notapply to you Everyeffort hasbeen madeto insure thatthis manualaccuratelydocuments the operationand servicingofCorvusproducts. However,duetotheongoingmodifi cation and update of the software along with future products. Corvus Systems, Inc.cannot guarantee theaccuracyofprinted materialafter thedateofpublica tion. norcan Corvus Systems. Inc. accept responsibility for errorsor omissions.
NOTICE
Corvus Systems Inc. reserves the right to make changes in the products described inthismanualat anytime without notice. Revisedmanuals and update sheets will be published as needed and may be purchased by writing to: Corvus Systems. Inc. 2029 O'Toole Avenue San Jose. California 95131 Telephone (408)-946-7700 TWX 910-338-0226 Copyright® 1982 by Corvus Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.
ORDER NUMBER FOR THIS GUIDE: RELEASE DATE:
Xerox 820 Computers o <3
Table of; Contents
Scope 1 Hardware Setup 2 Initialization for CP/M 11
III > 3 3 NOTES: Scope
This document describes the installation and initialization of a Corvus disk system for use with a Xerox 820 computer. By follow ing the procedures described in this installation guide, a 6 or 10 MbyteCorvus disk isdividedinto two logicalCPj/Mdrives. 0; and D:. while a 20 Mbyte is divided into three logical CP/M drives. 0:. D; and E:. i This guide details only installation and initialization procedures. It does not contain extensive explanations or descriptions of the Corvus drive and software. Further informatioii on your Corvus disk system and associated software can be found in the ••CORVUS SYSTEMS USER GUIDE FOR CP/M COMPUTERS.
Note: If you are configuring a disk system for use with a multi plexer, proceed to the Host Multiplexer Installation Guide for Xerox 820 computers; disregard the remainder of this single-user Disk System Installation Guide.
IV 3, Flipalt of the drivecontrollerswitches to the left. Hardware Setup
To use your Corvus disk system with a Xerox 820 computer, the following hardware and software is required; • Xerox 820 Computer with 64K RAM • Xerox 820 diskette drives (5-1-4 or 8 inch) • Corvus Hard Disk System • Corvus XR UTILITIES • Xerox. 820 CP M Version 2.2 operating system software
1. Poweroff allequipment.
POWER OFF
Place the disk unit on a flat surface, either on its side or on LSM1 MUX FORMAT RESET its base. Be sure the disk drive has adequate ventilation. Do not pla -e electromagnetic field generating equipment, such as a video cassette recorder, disp ay monitor or televi //I! sion. or top of the drive Normal- • 'Normal•^yNormaP'\ -Reset Since the Corvus disk system is a precision instrument, it LSm^'^SIngle- Format- must be handled carefully. The disk drive must not be Constellation - operated when the unit is upside down or if the long direc tion is at an incline. To ensure cool-running equipment, the air flow slots lo cated at the front and rear of the drive container should not be blocKed. Avoid putting the unit in a closed area (e.g.. box or drawer)
SWITCH SETTINGS ON CORVUS DRIVE
Approximately two inches below the indicator lights, the front panel of the drive protrudes slightly. Directly beneath the lights, and up under the lip of this protrusion, are the four drive controller switches. 4. Verifythat the voltagesetting forthe Corvusdisk matches If the voltage setting displayed matches the voltage supply the local voltage supply (100. 120, 220, or 240 volt). The in your area, continue to Step 6. If you must change the drive works with 50 or 60 Hz power in any of the voltage voltage setting, proceed as follows: settings. The voltage setting, fuse, and local voltage supply must match. Any type of mismatch here can cause damage • Slide open the clear plastic cover door, pull the fuse-pull to your disk drive. lever to the left, and remove the fuse. To verify the voltage setting, look at the bottom right corner • Use long-nose pliers to carefully pull the voltage circuit of the drive's back panel. There you will find the ac power board out of the fuse housing. Select tfie proper operat cord connector and fuse receptacle. Directly underneath ingvoltagebypositioningthecircuittjoardso thatthe the fuse holder, the voltage setting is displayed. desired voltage displays on the top left side of the board. Push the board firmly into the module slot. Do not reinsert the fuse you removed if you have chosen a different voltage setting than the one .pu received with the drive. Select the correct fast blow fu^e using the table below: 6 MB disk systems: 100 and 120 volt 2.0 amp fuse 220 and 240 volt 1.0 amp fuse 10 MB disk systems: 100 and 120 volt 4.0 amp fuse 220 and 240 volt j. 2.0 amp fuse 20 MBdisk systems: | 100 and 120 volt 4.0 amp fuse 220 and 240 volt 2.0 amp fuse • To return the fuse to its receptacle, pjsh the fuse-pull lever to the right, and insert a fuse into the holder. Slide the clear plastic cover door to the right to expose the ac power cord connector.
VOLTAGE SELECTION
PROCEDURE FOR CHANGING VOLTAGE SETTING ON CORVUS DISK DRIVES 6. Plug the end of the single 5-footinterface card flat cable Remove the top of the Xerox 820 computer by taking out the into the connector labeled PROCESSOR on the drives back two screws in the top cover. panel.The cable should lead down and awayfrom the drive. Locate the 40-pin connector labeled J8 on the Xerox 820's main circuit board. Attach the 40-pin fljatcable to the JS connector. The cable exits toward the rear of the computer with the colored stripe to the right as vi^ed fromthe rear. Use caution to insure that the pins on the;main circuit board line up with all the holes on the connector.
ATTACHMENT OF INTERFACE CABLE TO THE PROCESSOR CONNECTOR ON DRIVE'S BACK PANEL NOTE: stripe is on right side of cable
Thereare two34-pin flat cable connecti-rson the rear of the drive. The top connector is labeled PROCESSOR,and the bottom connector is labeled DRIVE. The interface cable should only be attached with the cable leading down and away from the drive. When facing the TWOCORVUSINTERFACEc|ftBLES drive back panel, the colored stripe on the interface cable CONNECTEDTOXEROX820CC|mPUTER should be on the right side. When you power on the drive, all three indicator lights come Locatethe20-pinconnector labeledJ11 on the Xerox820s on. When the drive is ready (after approximately 40 main circuit board. Attach the 20-pin flat cable to the J11 seconds), only the READY light stays on. When the drive connector. At the connection, the colored stripe of the comes ready, continue to the next section. "Initialization for 20-plncablefaces towardthe frontof the computer.Use CP/M." caution tc insure that the pinsonthe mamcircuit boardline up withail the holes on the connector.The cable is then Looking at the front of the drive cabinet, in the upper right folded back to exit toward the back of the computer hand corner there are three indicator lights labeled FAULT, (alongside the 40-pin cable). BUSY and READY. Replace the Xerox 820's cover. First connect the ac power cord to the Corvus disk unit, then to a power outlet. Power on the Corvus drive. For 10 MBand 20 MBmodels, the power switch is on the lower left corner of the drive front panel. For 6 MBmodels, thepowerswitchislocatedinthelowerrighthandcornerof the drive back panel. The powerswitch has two positions, upperpartdepressedisON,lowerpartdepressedis OFF.
Indicator Lights-
Switches
Air Row Slots Power Switch
INDICATOR LIGHTS ON CORVUS DISK DRIVE
If after one minute the drive does not be ne ready, flip the reset switch (the rightmost switch on the front of the drive cabinet) to the right. Ifthe drive becomes ready, continue to the section "Initialization for CP/M." If your drive did not become ready, recheck the hardware installation (Steps 1-14). If your drive still does not become ready, see the "Trouble-shooting" Section of the CORVUS SYSTEMS USER GUIDE FOR CP/M COMPUTERS. Initialization; for CP/M
1. When the Xerox820 is turned on after hardware setup, the screen displays: i
..XEROX 820 VER. 1.0... A- BOOT SYSTEM T- TYPEWRITER *-
2. Place a 64KCP/Msource diskette in floppydrive A 3. TypeA
COPYRIGHT ^ 1981. XEROX CORPORATION
CP/M REG. TM 2.2 SY 1.1 2-294 BS0050379
A > «
4. Place XRUTILITIESVOL1 OF4 into floppy drive B 5. Type8: •'return ^.The screen displays:
B >
6. TypePUTGET
^ CORVUS PUT/GET ROUTINE - ; ( VERSION 1.4XE )
PUT, GET, OR FILL (P/G/F) ? „ 12. DriveC:hasnowbeeninitialized.Thestepsbelowdescribe 7. Press F.The screen displays; the procedure to initialize drive D: on the Corvus drive. lO. Press R The screen displays: I
8. Press 1. The screen displays: 14. Press1.Thescreendisplays:
9. TypeE5
10. Thestarting addressofthedirectory for driveC: varies with the size of the Corvus hard disk being initialized: 0^ ^ Thestartingaddress ofthe directory for drive D:varies with CORVUS HARD DISK SIZE the size of the Corvus hard disk being initialized: 6 MB 10 MB 20 MB CORVUS HARD DISK SIZE CP.M DRIVE 6 MB 10 MB 20 MB C: 2320 2316 2320 CP/M DRIVE Enter the starting address appropriate for the size of the D: 23632 4362b 5284652848 drive being initialized. For example, for a 6 MB drive, type Enter the starting address appropriate for the size of the 2320
11. Type64 -return:-. The screen displays: 17. Type64
20. TypeE5
Softwaresetuphasnowbeencompleteld.TheCorvushard disk is initialized for use with a Xerox 82t) computer and the Corvuslinkhasbeeninstalled. j 21. Type103376
22. Type64
23. Exit the PUTGETprogram by holding down the
28. TypeERA
29. Press Yj,Thescreen displays:
The drive is now ready for use. The hardware has been set up anothe Corvusdriveinitialized.TheCorvuslinkhas been installed.The hardwareand software setup has been quicklytestedbythetransferoffilesfroma floppyto the Corvusdisk.These files were then erased to free up disk space Filesmaynowbe copiedto the Corvusdrivefrom floppiesusingPIP.RememberthattheappropriateCLINK2 programmustberuneachtimethecomputerispoweredon (refer to step 24 above).
m r > > 3 3 3 3 3 3 j 3 3 Table of Contents CORVUS SYSTEMS 1 Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Reviewing Some Basic Points About Your System Start-Up of Your Computer System How to List a Directory USER How to Run a Program How to Save a File GUIDE How to Copy a File
Chapter 3. Backing Up Your Drive with the Mirror® 7 Description of the Corvus Mirror 7 General Tips 7 Hardware Installation of the Corvus Mirror 7 The Mirror Menu 8 The RETRY Function 9 Exiting the Mirror Program 10 Using the Mirror to Back Up Your Entire Corvus Disk 10 How to Back Up Single Virtual Drives on the Corvus Disk 13 How to Use the Verify Option on the Mirror 16 How to Use the Identify Option on the Mirror 17 How to Use the Restore Option on the Mirror 19
Chapter 4. Printing Multiple Files 21 How to Create a Pipes Area 21 How to Send a File to a Pipe 23 Sending a File from a Pipe to a Printer 25 How to Clear the Pipes Area 27 How to Clear a Single Pipe 28 What Is in the Pipes? 29
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting Your Corvus Drive 31
Chapter 6. Diagnostic Utilities for Your Corvus Drive 37 How to Load the CDIAGNOS Program 37 A Brief Description of the CDIAGNCS MENU 38
CP/M® 3
APPENDIX A. List of Common CP/M Extensions APPENDIX B. Corvus Disk Error Codes APPENDIX C. Description of CDIAGNOS Program ... APPENDIX D. Description of Corvus Utilities Programs APPENDIX E. Supplemental VCR Information Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Reviewing Some Basic Points Introduction About Your System The CORVUS SYSTEMS CP/M USER GUIDE provides you with Your Corvus hard disk system should be inst illed and configured a general introduction to the Corvus hard disk system, the Mirror at this point, following the directions provided in the installation option for backup of data, the pipes and spooling features formoving guide for your computer. The standard conf'guration makes the files between computers and peripherals, tr- hie-shooting pro Corvus 6 MB and 10 MB drives appear as two extra-large floppy cedures, and diagnostic programs. YourCor;..i nard disk system drives to your computer system (Drives 0 and D) and a Corvus 20 MB should alreadybe installedand configuredfor a|singleuser.Please drive appear as three extra-large floppies (C. D and E). These pseudo retain your installation guide for future referenc^. floppies are called virtual drives. The entire Corvus disk is called a The CORVUSSYSTEMSCP/MUSERGUIC^Eis used withthe physical drive. If your system only has a single floppy diskette drive, following computers: ! you should have this single physical drive appear as two virtual drives —TRS-80'" Model II (under CP/M) (for example, the TRS-80 Model II has a program called ONEDRIVE —XEROX 820'" to do this). —Zenith Z-89 or Z-90 — Intertec SuperBrain'" Start-Up of Your Computer System — NEC PC-8001, PC-8001A or PC-8800 Insert the CP/M boot diskette into Drive A;. The screen displays -3-100 Bus Systems, for example: the initial boot instructions and information on the CP/M version • Cromemco'" (under CP/M) (you should have version 2.2 or later), and then a prompt, similar to: • CCS (California Computer Systems) • Dynabyte • North Star'" • Vector Graphics i
aswellasothersystems.Consultwithyourdealerifyouwishinfor mation about a specific computer system or a particular model. Thisguide and other Corvusmanualsdo noJtake the placeof the operating system and language manuals provided by the manu Insert a CORVUS UTILITIES VOL. 1 diskette into Drive B:. facturerof yourcomputer.It is presumedthatyi)uhavea working knowledge of your computer system hardware and software. Type B: and press < RETURN >. The screen displays: For more detailed information on Corvus software, refer to the CORVUS SYSTEMS CP/M PROGRAMMER'S REFERENCE GUIDE For information on multi-user configurations, refer to the CORVUS SYSTEMS MULTIPLEXERINSTALLATIONGUIDEforyourcomputer.
CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Researc h, Inc. Corvus Mirror®is a registered trademark of Corvjs Systems, Inc. TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corporation. XEROXand 820 are registered trademarks of XEFIOXCorporation. Cromemco is a trademark of Cromemco, Inc. North Star is a trademark of North Star Compute's, Inc. Type the appropriate CLINK program, for example; CL1NK2TN and press < RETURN >. The screen displays:
Remember, you must run the correct CLINK program before you can use your Corvus drive.
How to List a Directory To list a directory for the one of the virtual drives on the Corvus, follow the same procedure you use for a floppy dr-ve. For example, type D:DIR and press
D: INDEX DOC: CERflOR DOC: PUTGET COR^; CLINK2FVCOM D; CLINK2TNC0MVCLINK2TWCOM: CLINK7FVCOM: CLINKTTNCOM D: CLINK7TW COM : CDIAGNOSCOM : CDIAGNOSDOC : CORVB173 CLR b : MIRROR COM : SEMA4 COM:
How to Run a Program Files that have a "DOC" extension are text files, rather than programs. Toexamine thecontents ofa DOCfilenamed INDEX.DOC on Drive C; of the Corvus disk, type D:TYPE INDEX.DOC and press - RETURN>- The contents of the file will scroll up the screen. To stop at any point, hold the control key down and press S (
How to Save a File This chapter is for those users who have a Corvus Mirror (either built-in or add-on) with their Corvus Disk System. Once a Corvus drive has been linked to youf computer system with one of the CLINK programs, it works just likq a giant floppy disk Description of the Corvus Mirror drive, and CR M programs work in the usual manner. Save files on a Corvus drive just as you would on a floppy, specifying the drive and Corvus Systems has developed a unique system for providing file name, plus the extension (optional). effective, low-cost backup for its hard disk drive, known as the Corvus Mirror, using a video cassette recorder (VCR) and video cassettes. How to Copy a File The Mirror creates an "image", or copy, of either virtual drives or the entire physical drive on the video cassette. The Corvus drive is Files are copied from one drive (either physical or virtual) to configured to appear as several (either two or three, depending on anotherdrive,usingthePIPprograminCP/M.^inceonephysical size) virtual drives to your computer. Corvus drive is made to look like either two or three floppy drives (virtual drives), you can haveduplicatefiles on theCorvus.ortransfer The Mirror hardware can be ordered built into Corvus Disk material from the floppy drives to the Corvus land vice-versa.To Systems, or it can be purchased as an add-on option. Mirrorsoftware move the TEXT.TXT file (as an example) from Drive C: on the Corvus is included on the CORVUS UTILITIES diskettes which accompany disk to DriveB;on the floppydrive,first makesLre the CP/Mboot the Corvus disk drive- diskette is in Drive A:. Type A:PIP and press
Hardware Installation of the Corvus Mirror Type
If you have a drive with a Mirroralready installed, the serial number and the drive size should both end with an "M" Insert one end of the phono connector cable into the VIDEO out jack on the VCR, and the » » » > > other end into the VIDEOINjack on the back pare! of the Corvus arive.Connect oneend ofthe other phono connedor cable into the VIDEOINjack on the VCRand the other end into the VIDEOOUT jack of the Corvus d''ive.
Ifyou havean adc-on Mirror,see the CORVUSSYSTEMSMIRROR INSTALLATIONGUIDE supplied with the ado-on Mirror for instructions on hardware set-up.
The Mirror Menu
L : LIST THIS MENU H : LIST HELP DATA B: BACKUP V: VERIFY I : IDENTIFY R: RESTORE TASK (L TO LIST) : _
This IS the Mirror menu, which allows you to pick which sub program of the Mirror program you wish. Simply press the letter for the option you wish. L LISTTHISMENU—Pressing Lforthisoption allowsyoutosee a display of the Mirror menu, as shown above H: LISTHELPDATA—Ifyou press H for this option. HELPDATA will display a brief description of the BACKUP. IDENTIFYand RESTOREoptions, in addition to a brief overalldescription ofthe Mirror utility program running under CP/M. It IS strongly recommended that you complete the tape header B: BACKUP —Pressing B for the BACKUP option starts the Mirror information. The tape header Is information that is written at the optionfor recordingan image(a copyof all ir part ofthe Corvus beginning of the backup image to help you identify the image. hard disk) on the VCR.See belowin this chapter. Here is a sample tape file header. Type MAY 9, 1982 and press
9. Type COMMENT COMPLETED and press
Exiting the Mirror Program You can exit from the Mirror program back to t ie CP/M prompt by pressing
L : LIST THIS MENU H: LIST HELP DATA After about half a minute, the screen displays B : BACKUP V : VERIFY I: IDENTIFY R : RESTORE BACKUP HAS STARTED 12. When the backup is finished (about 11 minutesfor the6 MBdrive, 17 minutes for the 10 MB drive and 35 minutes for the 20 MB drive), the screen displays: 3. Press B for Backup. The screen displays: BACKUP DONE — NO DISK ERRORS TASK (L TO LIST) ?_ BACKUP ENTIRE CORVUS DISK (Y/N) ? 13. Stop the VCR. It is strongly recommended that you copy down the VCR counter number, so you will know the approximate 4. Press Y for Yes. The screen displays: starting and ending locations of the image on the video cassette. It is a good idea to record just one entire drive on each cassette, and to use a double back-up system—keeping the current backup and one copy of the next previous backup on another cassette. 5. Press 1 (unless you have added on another Corvus physical drive). The screen displays: 7. The Mirror now requests the information for the header block. Howto BackupSingle VirtualDriveson the Cor>|usDisk The screen displays; 1. BootyourcomputersystemwiththeCP/Mdisjkette,andthenrun the correct CLINK program. i 2. LoadtheMirrorprogramontheCORVUSjjTILITIESVOL.1 diskette in Drive B: by typing MIRROR and pressing 8, Type 4/18/82 and press BACKUP ENTIRE CORVUS DISK (Y/N) ? _ 10. The name cannot be more than 16 characters long. Type TEST FILE and press Press N for No. The screen now displays; STARTING DISK BLOCK #? _ 11 TypeCOMMENTFINISHEDand press 10 MB Drive with CLINK2 Program After about a half a minute, the screen displays. Starting Number Disk of Blocks Block # in Drive 579 10304 10907 10304: 20 MB Drive with CLINK2 Program 14. When Backup is finished, the screen displays: Starting Number Disk of Blocks Block # in Drive I 580 12608 13212 12608 25844 12608 15. Now stop the VCR and copy down the VCR counter number. If you do record more than one image on a cassette, it is recom mended that a gap be left between different virtual drives, so that Type 5908 and press How to Use the Verify Option on the Mirror 1. Rewind the video cassette to the start of the tape, or to the loca tion on the cassette you copied down earlier. 6. Table 1 shows that for a 6 MB drive (CLINK2) the number of 2. Your computer should be operating under CP/M. The Corvus blocks in a virtual drive is 5312. drive should be on and the Corvus link established. The Mirror Type 5312 and press 5. Start the VCR playing (not recording). When the Verifyprocedure is finished, the screen displays (for example): ™ ERROR STATISTICS 4. Ifyou have backed up the entire disk, press YforYes.Ifyou have -- backed up only part of the entire physical drive, press N for No. # SOFT ERRORS : 3 # DISK ERRORS : 0 5. If you press N, the screen displays: # OF BLOCKS NEEDING RETRYS ALL DATA RECEIVED STARTING DISK BLOCK # Sometimes soft errors will appear. However.] this is no problem 6. Enter the same starting disk block number that you used in since all data is recorded four times. Backup (from Table 1). The screen displays: How to Use the Identify Option on the Mirror 1. Rewind the video cassette to the start of the tape, or to the loca tion on the cassette you copied down earlier. Since the Identify option searches for the very first characters of the header block, it is important to rewind the video cassette completely to avoid missing the header. 7. Enter the same number of blocks that you used for Backup (from 2. Your computer should be operating under CP/M. The Corvus Table 1). The screen displays; drive should be on the Corvus link established. The Mirror and VCR hardware should be connected. 3. Load the Mirror program from the CORVUS UTILITIES VOL. 1 diskette in Dr.ve B: bytyping MIRRORand pressing You can use the Identify option to locate different images on the same cassette, or to examine the header blocks of different cassettes, if you are searching for a particular backup. I » > > » I How to Send a File to a Pipe Chapter 4 To send a file to a pipe, the file must already exist on your Corvus Printing Multiple Fil^s disk drive, or on the floppy diskettes. 1. Insert the CORVUS UTILITIES VOL. 1 diskette into floppy drive Itisdesirable,insomeapplications,toprintm<|)rethanonefileata B. Type SPOOL and press 3. Press F for F(ile name. The screen displays: How to Create a Pipes Area Although the CLINK program automatically y-^serves an area of 256K bytes for pipes, it is possible to reserve a ta ger or smaller area. NOTE: Do not attempt to recreate a pipes area ifyou already have 4. Type BilNDEX.DOC and press 6. Type This is a test file, and press SPOOL PARAMETERS STARTING BLOCK: P(ipe name: PRINTER F(ile name: B:lNDEX.Doc M(essage:Thls is a test file. T(ype of File: F{ormalted Text 4. Type64andpress 5. Type600andpress 6. Press Y for YES. The screen displays: 7, Press S to send the file. The screen displays: INITIALIZING PIPES AREA Spooling file to pipe. PRINTER [1] 10 blocks written to pipe PRINTER [1] Pipes Area Initialized kMv r-4 41 I Dliirna l\nif Otiul The number in brackets is the pipe's number. There can be up to 62 pipes named PRINTER. 7. You have now set up the pipes area. Press Q to quit the PMGR program. The screen displays: next pipe. The screen displays: Pipe Contained 10 Blocks 8. Press Q to quit. The screen displays: SPOOL PARAMETERS Waitingjo DespoolPipe"PRINTER**|| ••••• •x%' P(ipe name: PRINTER F(lle name: BrINDEX.DOC Depress any key to escape... M(essage: This is a test file. T(ype of File: F(ormatted Text L(inefeeds: TRUE N(ew pages: FALSE i(nclude Files: FALSE This procedure will print all pipes named PRINTER. S( P( F( M( T( L< N( l( 0( : - 6. When you press any key. the computer returns to the start of the Spool program and the screen displays: The other SPOOL options are. P( ipe name— Allows you to assign anc, ^r name to the pipe. For single user applications, leave it set as PRINTER. 1 7. Continue despooling files until you are finished. Press Q for Q( uit. T(ype of File— may be changed to U for i nformatted text or N The screen displays: for non-text. Non-text ma / result in an end of file error. Lfinefeed— will allow linefeeds when TRUE and will strip them out if FALSE. If your printed copy seems to double-space, select F for FALSE. N(ew Pages— if your printed copy does lot leave blank lines How to Clear the Pipes Area between the bottom of on Sending a File From a Pipe to a Printer If you have not sent a file to the pipes area, go to the previous instructions labelled "How to Send a File to a Pipe." 1. Insert the CORVUS UTILITIES VOL. 1 diskette into floppy drive 8: 2. Press C for Clear. The screen displays; Type SPOOL and press Clearing Pipes area: Spooler [2.0]: S(pool D(espool L(ist Q(uit Starting Block: 0 Block Length: 500 Continue? (Y/N) 2. Press D for D(espool. The screen displays: 3. Press Y. The screen displays: DESPOOL PARAMETERS P)ipe name: PRINTER Pipes Area Cleared W)here: PRINTER M)ax lines/Page: 0 E)xpand Tabs: 8 L)inefeeds: TRUE You have just cleared the entire pipes area of files. D) P) W) M) E) L) Q) 3- Say we wish to despool the file INDEX.DOC which was loaded in pipePRINTER[1]. How to Clear a Single Pipe 1 Press P for P)ipe name:. The screen displays: I 1. Insert the CORVUS UTILITIES VOL. 1 diskette intofloppydriveB Type PMGR and press [RETURN]. The screen displays: P)ipe name: — 4. Type PRINTER and press 2. Press P for purge. The screen displays: DESPOOL PARAMETERS P)ipe name: PRINTER Purge which pipe (enter pipe number)? W)here: PRINTER M)ax Lines/Page: 8 E)xpand Tabs: 8 Ljinefeeds: TRUE 3. Type 1 and press [RETURN]. The screen displays: D) P) W) M) E) L) Q) _ 5. If you wish tc change otherdefaults, followa siynilarprocedure. Whenyou are finished,press D for despopl. The file is despooled to the printer, and the computer waits to despooi the Pipe number 1 did not have any data in it because tf.e pipes area was already cleared. Chapter 5 What Is In the Pipes? Troubleshooting Your Cop'us Drive It IS possible to find out what pipes you have spooled to in the following way: 1. Insert the CORVUS UTILITIES VOL. 1 diskette Into floppy The Corvus disk system is designed to provide years of problem- drive B. free use. At times, however, it may experience a hardware or software problem. If your orive is not performing properly, consult the follow Type PMGR and press [RETURN]. The sc ! • displays: ing table for recommended actions. Corvus Systems suggests that you take two simple steps when you first set up your system: • fvlake copies of the Corvus Utilities Program diskettes. • Copy down on paper the spared track and virtual drive offset 2. Press L for list. The screen displays something like: tables. See page 00 of this manual. PROBLEM OPERATION TO FIX PROBLEM A. NO FRONT PANEL 1. Make sure power switch is on. INDICATOR LIGHTS ON. 2. Check power cord connec tions to drive and wall socket. A pipe Is open only while spooling or despoc ting. If a pipe does Inspect fuse—replace with not contain data, it will not be listed. proper fuse if blown (see the 3. To quit, press Q. The screen displays: Installation Guide for your computer). Check the Voltage Circuit Board for correct voltage and installation (see the Installa tion Guice foryourcomputer). Listen to the drive and hear if fan IS spinning. If fan is not operating, repeat Steps 1-4. then call your Corvus Service Center for further instructions. If fan operating, go Step 7. Toggle Reset Switch (right most switch on front panel). If front panel lights remain off (and fa.i is operating), call your Corvus Service Center for further instructions. FAULT AND BUSY Toggle Reset Switch on front LIGHTS COME ON AFTER panel. POWER UP SEQUENCE. BUSY LIGHT FLASHES 8. Check all front panel switches FOR A WHILE. THEN for proper position. BOTH LIGHTS STAY ON. 9. Check flat interface cable con nections. 10. Unplug processor flat cable and video connections (if you are using the Mirror). Toggle Reset Switch. If drive becomes ready, reconnect interface cable (and video connections if using Miri-or). and repeat the installation sequence, making sure correct software programs are used. (See the Installation Guide for your computer for instructions) 11. If drive does not became ready after Step 10. turn for mat switch on and reset drive. If the drive becomes ready, refer to Section 6 of this User Guide. Go to Step 12 If your drive still does not become ready, call your Cor- vus Service Center 12 You will now update the con troller code on the drive (refer to Section 6 of this User Guide). Power drive down. Turn format switch to the right before proceeding. Power drive up. Run the CDIAGNOS program from the floppy drive. Select op tion #6. Update with controller 32 30 3 3 3 3 I 3 WHEN TRYING A 18. Video cassette not rewound code program from directory RESTORE. VERIFY OR to beginning or VCR conec- (see Stepi 13 above). After IDENTIFY OPTION ON tions faulty. First, check video updating controller code, turn connections and VCR line THE MIRROR PROGRAM. format switch off (to the left). input/output switches (these THE ERROR MESSAGE See Section 6 of this manual IMAGE NOT FOUND" OR switches should be set to for exam; i of this operation. • MIRROR ERROR 7" either line or VCR. depending DISPLAYS. on your machine—not TV). Toggle Repet Switch. If drive does not tfecome ready after Rewind video cassette to cor 1 to 2 mm utes, the final step rect starting position and re is to reforrjn at the drive (Step peat function. #15). If problem persists, call your Corvus Service Center. 13. First, read the section on reformattirlig the Corvus drive H. CORVUS I/O DRIVER OR 22. Look up error code in Ap (refer to Section 6 of this CORVUS UTILITY PRO pendix B of this guide for an User Guid 5). GRAM ISSUES ERROR indication of the error type. MESSAGE IN THE FORM: If it is a bad sector (indicated VfARNING by error codes AAH. ABH, REFORM/.TTING THE "DISC R/W ERROR #XXH* EBH. or ECH), try to fix it by DRIVE WI_L DESTROY ALL using Option 2 of the CDIAG- DATA ON DRIVE. BACK NOS Program. UP DATA tIF AT ALL POS SIBLE. COPY DOWN SPARE TRACK tABLE AND VIRTUAL DRIVE OFFSET TABLEA^ WELL. Power the Corvus drive down, Flip the Fd)rmat Switch (sec- ond switcfjifrom right) to the right. Pow 2r drive up. Run CDI ^GNOS program from flopF y drive. Select op- tion #6 ij/pe the controller code (CC RVXX. XXX) with an .FMT e 35 33 3 then the scrieen displays a long messag^ indicating for- matting is ished. and the new controllelr code has been written out Vo u should then restore the o values to the Virtual Drive Offset Table (VDO Table) and spare track table. Turn fc rmat switch off and toggle R(fset Switch. Repeat Step 13 to check con- troller code If the system does not becd) me ready after toggling resei call the Serv- ice Center lior further in- formation. C. BACKUP OR RESTORE 14. This is usually caused by bad FUNCTION SHOWS sectors on the drive. Run DISK ERROR. CDIAGNOS program and do the Format Ch eck (Option 2). You should back drive up (ignoring disk errors), spare out bad tra (iks, and then restore data. D. VERIFY FUNCTION 15. Possible cause s are bad tape, INDICATES BLOCK(S) faulty conn potions, VCR NEEDING RETRY. tracking out Df adjustment, VCR play sp eed out of ad- justment. If non e of the above, you may have hardware prob- lems in the VQ R or Mirror. E. RESTORE FUNCTION 16. Probable caus 3S same as #15 INDICATES BLOCK(S) above. Do a retry pass. If NEEDING RETRY. problem persis ts. check hard- ware. F. WHEN TRYING A RE 17. Probable cause iis wrong block STORE. ERROR size or starting address was MESSAGE "IMAGE SIZE used. Use IDENTIFY option MISMATCH" OR "MIRROR of Mirror program to deter- ERROR 4" DISPLAYS. mine correct ; age size and repeat RESTO RE. 36 34 A check of the Corvus disk Is performed. After several minutes, the screen displays: Chapter 6 Diagnostic Utilities for Your Corvus Drive Corvus Systems has produced a special diagnostics program - CDIAGNOS —to allow you to perform certain hardware and software system checks, and to replace the firmware if necessary. You should If the Disk Format Check test found any bad sectors. It would read this entire section before using CDIAGNOS. and follow the display them in this fashion; instructions very carefully. CDIAGNOS Is usually on VOL. 1 of the CHRVUS UTILITIES diskettes. It must be run from your floppy dri."-,- rather than the Corvus disk drive. How to Load the CDIAGNOS Program 1. You should have your hardware (the computer system and the Corvus drive) already connected. The Corvu s hard disk should be configured for your system. Copy this table down on a piece of paper. The fourth column, 2. Bootyourcomputersystemwiththe CP/Mtjootdiskette. TRACK #, contains the information you will need to spare tracks 3. Insert the CORVUSUTILITIESVOL.1 dikketteinto floppy out. which we will discuss later in this section. drive B:. 3. READ CONTROLLER CODE VERSION NUMBER Type CDIAGNOS and press — CORVUS DISC DIAGNOSTIC — CORVUS DRIVE # (1-4) ? _ (VERSION 2.2 XE) — TEST MENU-- 0. LIST THIS MENU Press 1 (or the number of the Corvus drive if you have added on 1. LIST INSTRUCTIONS more physical Corvus drives). The screen displays; 2. DISC FORMAT CHECK 3. READ CONTROLLER CODE VERSION # 4. HEAD servo CHECK V17.3 CORVUS SYSTEMS 20-NOV-81 REVISION #35 5. MANUAL CONTROLLER DIAGNOSTIC CONTROLLER ROM VERSION #57 6. UPDATE CONTROLLER CODE 7. LIST/MODIFY DRIVE PARAMETERS TASK (0 TO LIST) 8. LIST/MODIFY CONSTLLATION PARAMETERS 4. To use CDIAGNOS. press the number for the task and follow the NOTE: You may have different numbers, but the •rontrollercode directions. If you wish to exit CDIAGNOS and feturn to CP/M, version should be 17.3 or later. press O when prompted for a task, or hold the control key and 4. HEAD SERVO CHECK press C ( A Brief Description of the CDIAGNOS Menu 0. LIST THIS MENU Press 1 {or the drive number, in case of add-on physical Corvus Press 0 and the menu displays. drives). The read'write heads of the Corvus disk will rapidly move from the outer edge to the center of the disk, producing a whirring sound- This test verifies that the disk reads data and that the disk 1. LIST INSTRUCTIONS heads move properly. Press 1 and the screen displays NOTE: This test continues indefinitely until stopped by holding down the control key and pressing C (•- CNTL -C). Approxi mately one minute of this test should be enouqn to check the TO CONSERVE SPACE, THE INSTRUCTIONS HAVE disk. BEEN REMOVED AND PLACED IN A SEPARATE FILE: CDIAGNOS.DOC. TO READ THEM JUST TYPE THE FILE. 5- MANUAL CONTROLLER DIAGNOSTIC Press 5 and the screen displays; To see this file, press 9 to exit, and thdn type TYPE CDIAGNOS.DOCandpress THE COMMAND FORMAT IS: 2. DISK FORMAT CHECK R- READ A BYTE FROM THE CONTROLLER WXX - WRITE HEX BYTE TO CONTROLLER Press 2 and the screen displays: S- READ CONTROLLER STATUS E-EXIT TEST CORVUS DRIVE # (1-4) ?_ NOTE This test should be performed ONLY under the direction of qualified Corvus Systems Customer Service representatives. Press 1 (unless you have multiple Corvus physical drives). The screen displays: 6. UPDATE CONTROLLER CODE Press 6 and the Screen displays: DISK FORMAT CHECK IN PROGRESS Press S if you wish to change the spared track table. Spared Type the controller code file name listed in the' Directory of the tracks are tracks automatically skipped by the drive—any data on CORVUS UTILITIES diskettes; for example, type CORVB173.CLR them is lost if not backed up first: and other data may be dis and press < RETURN >. This starts the procedi jre for updating turbed. Add or delete tracks by typing the track numbers, and the controller code on the Corvus drive, which I is contained in then press I 5. Turn off the format switch and reset the drive by either using the resetswitch(therightmostswitchund^rthefrontbezel of the drive),or by poweringthe drive|downand back up again, and re-running the CLINKprog|'am. 7.LIST/MODIFYDRIVEPARAMETERSj Press 7 and the screen displays: j Press 1. The screen displays (as an example): Press < RETURN >. The screen displays; SECTOR INTERLEAVING SPEC. = 12 PRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE NOTE: The Sector Interleaving Spec(ification) !is 12 for 6 MB drives, and 9 'or the 10 and 20 MB drives. CORVUS SYSTEMS STRONGLYRECOMMENDSTHATYOUDONo|rCHANGEIT. Press < RETURN --. The screen displays: ' — VIRTUAL DRIVE TRACK OFFSET TABLE DRIVE TRACK WARNING CHANGING ANY OF THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS CAN MAKE ANY USER DATA STORED ON THE DISC UNUSABLE DO YOU WISH TO CONTINUE (Y/N) ? NOTE:Changing these specifications can ma|ke your data totally inaccessible, because the directory pointer-s are changed from the actual disk locations. Before altering drive parameters, you should back up the entire Corvus disk. Press Y for Yes (if you wish to continue). The sc een displays: DRIVE PARAM MENU S: CHANGE SPARED TRACK TABLE I: CHANGE SECTOR INTERLEAVING V : CHANGE VIRTUAL DRIVE OFFSETS 'E : EXIT BACK TO MAIN MENU TASK ? _ 3 Appendix B. Corvus Disk Error Codes Appendix A. List of Common CP/M Extensions (text of CERROR.DOC file from CORVUS UTILITIES DISKETTE VOL. 1) Extension Explanation | Corvus Disk Error Codes .ASM Assembly language source file .BAK Backup file The Corvus controller has a number of error codes that may be BAS BASIC program source file If illegal is given, is issued either an command or the controller .DAT Data file out of synchronization, or there is a hardware malfunction. A number DOC Text (Document) file of utilities disk list the and interface programs can these error codes FOR Microsoft FORTRAN source file (in hex) if such an error occurs. For example. PUTGET.COM may HEX Intel HEX format object code file list the code as; •LIB Extension for a Library file MAC Source code for some Microsoft M/ 7RO assemblers. ** DISK R/W ERROR # XXH " .OBJ Machine code (Object code) PAS Pascal source file PCO Sorcin Pascal run-tim module where XX is the error code. You can demonstrate this by trying to .REL Relocatable machine code program read a sector (with PUTGET) from drive 4 (unless you have four SRC Source file for CP/M User's Group drivers). This will give error code A7H. The upper 3 bits of the error SUB Command file for a submit run , code have the following significance: TXT Text file .$$$ Temporary file or an improperly saved, un BIT 5 Set if there was a recoverable error (as in a re-try usable file or read or write). BIT 6 Set if an error occurred on a re-read (verification) following a disk write. • BIT 7 SetHf any fatal error has occurred. NOTE: Most of the programs will not list the error unless bit 7 is set. The lower 5 bits have the following significance: BITS 0-4 MEANING 0 Disk Header Fault 1 Seek Timeout 2 Seek Fault 3 Seek Error 4 Header CRC Error 5 Re-zero (Head) Fault 6 Re-zero Timeout 7 Drive Not On Line 8 Write Fault 47 45 3 3 D D •J> 3 J 9 A Read Data Fault B Data CRC Error C Sector Locate Error D Write Protected E Illegal Sector Address F Illegal Command 10 Drive Not Acknowledged 11 Acknowledge Stuck Active 12 Timeout 13 Fault 14 CRC 15 Seek 16 Verification 17 Drive Speed Error 18 Drive Illegal Address Error 19 Drive R/W Fault Error 1A Drive Servo Error IB Drive Guard Band 1C Drive PLO (Phase Lockout) Error ID Drive R/W Unsafe 48 46 3 3 3 3 3 6. LIST/MODIFY DRIVE PARAMETERS Appendix C This option allows you to examine and/oi change the; Description of CDIAGNOS Program A. The Spared Track Table This table specifies physical track numbers which are CDIAGNOS.DOC to be skipped over when the controMer accesses data on i the drive. This allows one to hide the existence of media The CP/M version of the Corvus Disk Diagrxostic (CDIAGNOS. defects from the external user (the data service will look COM)providessomerelatively"safe"disktestsa|ongwiththeability perfecrto him). to list and/or change some parameters within the controller code. B. The Sector Interleaving Spec The functions available in this version are: j The defaults used here have been optimized for small computers like Apple ll's. Typically, we have selected a 1. DISK FORMATCHECK j value of: The controller tries to read each 512 byte sector to verify that 9 for 10 and 20 MB drives itis"good"(has a correctCRC).IfitgetsabkdCRCaftertwenty 12 for 6 MB drives read attempts, it will re-write the sector to reset the CRC. This C. The Vi.dual Drive Offset Table usually takes 1-2 minutes. NOTE: on Rey A controllers, this This table allows one drive to behave as if it were several function is not available with VersionO controller code. smallpr drives daisy-chained together. The table entries specify the track number at which these virtual drives start. 2.READTHECONTROLLERCODEVERSIONj# Normally, one would not have occasion to disturb these This option will return some information about the controller parameters unless the drive has been re-formatted or a bad code on your drive. Rev B drives can return more detailed track develops. information than Rev A drives. 7. LIST/MODIFY CONSTELLATION PARAMETERS 3. HEAD SERVO TEST This option allows one to examine and/or modify the: This test alternately reads 128 byte sector;; at disk address O and 1000 sectors in from the maximum. This t:est is mainly useful A. Master Multiplexer Connection Table to verify that the drive will actually read date and move its head. (i.e.—specify what is connected to it) This table is usually set to assume all the slots have a mux on them. 4. MANUAL CONTROLLER DIAGNOSTIC B. Constellation Polling Constants This option allows one to read or write dir 3Ctly to the Corvus These numbers determine certain aspects of the Con controller I/O ports as well as read the statu s lines. It is mainly stellation polling environment. useful for Corvus service personnel when attempting to diag- nose a drive problem over the phone. WARNING THIS TEST CAN CAUSE THE USER DATA O N THE DISK TO BE OVERWRITTEN. IF USED ON A REV A D RIVE WITH THE FORMATJUMPER IN PLACE,IT CAN EV^N CAUSETHE DISK TO BE REFORMATTED. 51 49 3 3 3 5. UPDATE CONTROLLER CODE This option allows one to update or initially ir stall controller code on the Corvus drive. This code resides on protected tracks of the hard disk. Normally this code cannot be written to or read by the user (even accidentally). However, it can be made accessible (to writing) by turning on the format switch (or by adding a jumper to the drive backplane). This (j)ption replaces the separate program: CCODE.COM that hac similar capa- bilities. WARNING ON REVADRIVES,DO NOTATTEMPTTOWRIxdTHECODE OUT TO THE DRIVE WITHOUT TURNING ON THE FORMAT SWITCH (OR INSTALLING THE FORMAT JUMPER. IF YOU DO, IT WILL BE WRITTEN OUT TO THE USER AF EA OF THE DISK—OVERLAYING POSSIBLY VALUABLE USER PRO GRAMS OR DATA! To use this option: A. Power the drive down. If your drive has a format switch (under the front bezel or on the back of th4 drive), turn it on and proceed to step D. B. On drives without a format switch, remove th B plastic cover over the backplane pins (on the back of the c rive where the computer cable is attached). Connect a jumper between pins: D37 and D38 (for Rev A drives) C2 and C12 (for Rev B drives) D. Power the drive back up. E. Run the CDIAGNOS program from your floppy disk based CP/M and select the update option. F. After the code is written out, turn off the for'Hat switch (or remove the jumper) and reset the drive by e:;ner using the reset switch or by powering the drive down and up again. 52 50 3 :3 3 not meet your needs. Consult the CORVUS Appendix D SYSTEMS CP/M PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE for instructions on how to modify Description of Corvus Utilities Programs CLINK2.ASM. 14. SEMA4.ASM Sources for the SEMA4 and SPOOL pro 1. INDEX.DOC This is the disk index document file. SPOOLGEN SUB grams. These sources are provided as 2. CERROR.DOC This is a short document file listing the SPOOL.SRC examples of how to use the Semaphore controller error codes. SPOOL.DEF and pipe features of the Corvus drive. SPOOL.PAS 3. PUTGET.COM This is a disk utility that can be used under SPOOLM.PAS NOTE; The spool program is written in CP/M to read and write from memory to the PIPEGEN.SUB Pascal, and requires you to have PASCAL/ Corvus drive as well as fill various sections PIPES.SRC MT and the M80 Assembler in order to of the disk with data. The routine has its own PIPED.PAS modify it. disk drivers and is mainly useful as a PIPEC.PAS SYSGEN routine to write a configured PIPES.PAS CP/M2.x system out to!the drive,and to CPMIO.MAC initializea drivedirector>(. 15. CLOADR.ASM This is a short boot loader program to be 4. CLINK2FV.COM These are several versions of the Corvus used with CP/M 2.X. It can be used under CLINK2TN.COM link program. You should choose the one a floppy-based CP/M to boot in CP/M from CLINK2TW.COM that best meets your needs, and ignore the hard-disk once it is put there, or it can CLINK7FV.COM the others. Consult the CORVUS SYSTEMS be used to make a ROM-based loader. CLINK7TN.COM CP/M USERS GUIDE for descriptions of CLINK7TW.COM each program. This program contains the 16. CBOOT.ASM This is a cold boot loader for CP/M 2.X. It Corvus disk drivers that are linked into is brought in by CLOADER. CBOOT then CP/M. These programs will only work with brings in the CP/M system. CP/M version 2.0 or lateri 17. BIOSC.ASM One of these two files should be on your 5. CDIAGNOS.COM Adiskdiagnosticthatcarjibe usedtoverify BIOSCT.ASM set of diskettes. Both of these files contain CDIAGNOS.DOC correct drive operation a^ well as to update the source for the Corvus Basic I/O System the controller code and cjhange other drive (BIOS) to configure the Corvus drive into parameters. 1 one to seven pseudo drives, as well as allow I for the control of two floppy drives. The 6. CORVB173.CLR This is a controller code file for use with BIOSC.ASM file contains dummy floppy CDIAGNOS.COM. This is a copy of version and console I/O drivers. These dummy 17.3 of the controller code for the REV B drivers should be replaced with the floppy controller. and console should be replaced with the 7. MIRROR.COM This program is the contrj^lprogram for the floppy and console I/O drivers for your Corvus Mirror disk backbp system. It will computer. The BIOSCT.ASM file contains not work under Version 0 of the controller floppy and console I/O drivers for a typical code (REV A drives). S-100 system using a single density floppy diskette drive controller. 8. SEMA4.COM This is an example program designed to illustrate how to accessj the semaphores supported on the Corvusi drive. 55 53 NOTE1: Source for the programs PUTGET. CDIAGNOS, and 9. PMGR.COM Thisis a programthatallojwsthe userto drive. It MIRROR is available by special order. manage the pipes area of tho allows the user to initialize the pipes and clear the NOTE 2; All of the disk utilities contain their own Corvus disk pipes area, purge as pipe, and list the drivers. They can be run from floppy-based CP/M systems current pipes and their status. that are not yet linked to the Corvus drive 10. SPOOL.COM This is a program that useth^ pipes facilities NOTE 3: Support for pre-2.0 versions of CP/M has been dis- on the Corvus drive. It tr ^nsfers files to continueo. The last release of pre-2.0 software, dated and from an area of the drivle that is acces- 7-May-81. is available by special order. sible by any user and/or s|ystem through pipe commands. Examples its usage are; (1) Send text files to a shar 3d printer; and (2) Transfer files between di ferent systems (CPM <--> APPLE). 11. DRIVEL.COM This is a program that help you configure your Corvus drive, if you ch 56 54 > Appendix E Supplemental VCR Information Corvus Systems recommends that you purchase a VHS-type video cassette recorder (VCR).The following VCR models have been used with the Corvus Mirror: Grundig VCR 4000 (PAL Format) Hitachi VT 5000 (PAL Format) National NV 7000 Panasonic VMS 1000 Panasonic VMS 1500 Panasonic NV 3810 Panasonic NV 8200 Panasonic NV 1200 RCA VDP 150 RCA VET 180 RCA VCT 201 RCA VET 250 RCA VDT 350 RCA VDT 501 Sony Betamax SL 5600 (Beta Format) Technicolor 212 (limited to 30 minute cassette) Zenith VL 9700 (Beta Format) When used in the normal quad recording format of the Corvus Mirror, video cassettes have the storage capacities listed below: 30 minute cassette—18 MB maximum storage capacity 60 minute cassette—36 MB maximum storage capacity 90 minute cassette—55 MB maximum storage capacity 120 minute cassette—73 MB maximum storage capacity 57