Lagunitas Creek Watershed Citizen Water-Quality Monitoring Program
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SALMON PROTECTION AND WATERSHED NETWORK a project of Turtle Island Restoration Network P o s t O f f i c e B o x 4 0 0 • F o r e s t K n o l l s , C A 9 4 9 3 3 P h o n e : 4 1 5 - 4 8 8 - 0 3 7 0 • F a x : 4 1 5 - 4 8 8 - 0 3 7 2 E m a i l : S p a w n @ S p a w n U S A . o r g W e b : w w w . S p a w n U S A . o r g Lagunitas Creek Watershed Citizen Water-Quality Monitoring Program The Salmon Protection and Watershed Network’s (SPAWN) 2005/06 Water Quality Report Prepared by • Paola Bouley, SPAWN Watershed Biologist • Tom Yarish, SPAWN Water Quality Monitoring Field Crew Leader • Mike Lane, GIS Consultant • Joseph Kinyon, Biodiversity & GIS Database Manager Pacific Coast Science and Learning Center - National Park Service Volunteers and Field Crew: Keenan Lim (SPAWN intern), Richard Ferris, Anne Brown, Elizabeth Danel, Annette Krup, Ann Jones, Shannon Burke, Tom Yarish, Paola Bouley, Ariel Zucker (SPAWN Intern) June, 2006 Table of Contents Page • Introduction and Methods 2 o Sampling Periods and Sites 3 • Results and Discussion 4 • Appendices o Stream Flow Data – Source: USGS 9 ß Summer 2005 w/ sampling points ß Winter 2006 w/ sampling points o H20 Quality Data • Geometric Means with Watershed Map – Figure A: Summer 2005 and Figure B: Winter 2006 11 ß Daily values across all sites for Summer 2005 (Figures 1 - 8) 13 ß H20 Quality Data - Daily values across all sites for Winter 2005 (Figures 1 – 7) 21 2 Introduction The Salmon Protection and Watershed Network (SPAWN) in partnership with the Regional Water Quality Control Board and State Water Resources Control Board has assessed water quality in the Lagunitas Creek Watershed since 2003 as part of an effort to determine Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) for key pollutants. The Lagunitas Watershed is currently listed on the RWQCB 303(d), “Impaired Water Body List” because levels for certain pollutants (including sediments, nutrients, and fecal coliforms) exceed the State of California's water quality standards. The current program will locate source areas and evaluate current pollutant levels across the Watershed. Methods All sites were sampled according to protocols approved by SWRCB personnel and outlined in SPAWN’s "Lagunitas Watershed Citizen Water Quality Monitoring Program Volunteer Manual." Trained water quality monitoring volunteers collected water samples for lab analysis. Physical data (temperature, salinity, pH) were also collected using portable field equipment. All water samples were collected between 09:00 and 13:00 hours. Lab samples were delivered to Sequioa Analytical labs for analysis of fecal coliforms, nitrates, and orthophosphates. Sampling Periods and Sites Summer 2005 Sampling Schedule: Seven sites were sampled for all parameters listed below on August 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, and 30th. See Appendix, Figure A. Samples on Devil’s Gulch Creek (ID = “DG”) were only collected on August 23rd and 30th. Fecal coliform samples were also collected once a week over a six-week period beginning August 2nd to September 6th at all sites except for Site #29b Sampling Sites ((Numbers indicate RWQCB site identification codes provided by Farhad Godhrati): Fecal Coliforms, Nitrate + Nitrite and Orthophosphates • WS-19 Woodacre Creek • WS-23 San Geronimo Creek at the Inkwells • WS-24 Lagunitas Creek below Devil's Gulch Creek • WS-20 San Geronimo Creek at Roy's Pools • WS-22 Arroyo Creek • DG Devil’s Gulch • WS-26 Oklahoma 3 Physical Parameters: DO, TDS, Temperature, pH, Conductivity • WS-19 Wood acre Creek • WS-23 San Geronimo Creek - Inkwells • WS-24 Alginates Creek below Devil's Gulch Creek • WS-20 San Geronimo Creek at Roy's Pools • DG Devil’s Gulch • WS-26 Tocaloma Winter 2005/06 Sampling Schedule: Nine sites were sampled along with spot sampling at 4 other sites over for various parameters listed below on January 3rd, 10th, 17th, 24th, and 31st. See Appendix, Figure B. Sites WS-17, WS-18, WS-19, WS-20, WS-23, WS-24, and WS-26 (Tocaloma) were tested for all parameters. Sites WS-21 and WS-22 were not tested for the presence of nitrates and nitrites or ortho- phosphates (as determined in our protocols). An additional site at the mouth of Devil’s Gulch Cr. was sampled for all parameters on January 24th and January 31st. Following a major storm event, 3 sites were sampled on January 31st for all parameters except nitrates and nitrites and ortho-phosphates. These 3 additional sites are located at the intersection of Park St. and Redwood Dr., the intersection of Sir Francis Drake Blvd. and Two Park Rd., and Lagunitas Creek below Kent Lake Dam. No dissolved oxygen readings were recorded this winter due to equipment malfunction. Sampling Sites (Numbers indicate RWQCB site identification codes provided by Farhad Godhrati): Fecal Coliforms • WS-17 East Fork Woodacre Creek • WS-18 West Fork Woodacre Creek • WS-19 Woodacre Creek WS-20 San Geronimo Creek at Roy’s Pools • WS-21 Montezuma Creek • WS-22 Arroyo Creek • WS-23 San Geronimo Creek at the Inkwells WS-24 Lagunitas Creek below Devil's Gulch Creek • DG Devil’s Gulch Creek • WS-26 Lagunitas Creek at Tocaloma 4 Spot testing for fecal coliforms: • PS-1 Park Street and Redwood Drive • SGP-1 Sir Francis Drake Boulevard and Two Park Road • KENT Lagunitas Creek below Kent Lake Dam Nitrate + Nitrite and Orthophosphates • WS-17 East Fork Woodacre Creek • WS-18 West Fork Woodacre Creek • WS-19 Woodacre Creek • WS-20 San Geronimo Creek at Roy’s Pools • WS-23 San Geronimo Creek - Inkwells • WS-24 Lagunitas Creek below Devil's Gulch Creek • DG Devil’s Gulch Creek • WS-26 Lagunitas Creek at Tocaloma Sequoia Analytical Lab Analyses:. Fecal coliforms, nitrate + nitrites (NO3 + NO2), ortho-phosphates. SPAWN Field Measurements: pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Conductivity (uS) Temperature (ºC). Data Analysis and Presentation: Geometric and arithmetic means for all parameters measured were calculated for all sites using Excel. Geometric mean data were plotted and integrated into a GIS project developed probono by Joseph Kinyon (GIS specialist at the Pacific Coast Science and Learning Center Staff) and updated and improved by Mike Lane (GIS consultant). Streamflow data were obtained from the Lagunitas Creek stream gauge in Samuel P. Taylor State Park operated and archived by the USGS National Water Information System (http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/ca/nwis). Rainfall data for Kent Lake were obtained from Eric Ettlinger at the Marin Municipal Water District. Results Fecal coliform levels have an acceptable recreational swimming level of 200 MPN/100mL. There are currently no established limits for nitrates and orthophosphates in the Lagunitas Creek Watershed. Furthermore, there are no data on standards for conductivity, pH, 5 temperature and dissolved oxygen. Therefore, these data will help to determine background levels in the Lagunitas Creek Watershed and ultimately help define limits for each parameter. Fecal Coliforms Results from our testing show sources of fecal coliforms to be the villages of Woodacre (East and West Fork and mainstem of Woodacre Creek, and San Geronimo at Roy’s Pools), and Lagunitas (San Geronimo Creek at the Inkwells, and Arroyo Creek). During the Summer of 2005, 30% of creeks sampled for fecal coliforms (and analyzed using the geometric mean) exceeded the State established limits for recreational swimming. These creeks were: • Woodacre Creek; and • Arroyo Creek. Woodacre Creek and San Geronimo Creek at the Inkwells exceeded State limits for fecal coliforms four out of the five days tested. Arroyo Creek exceed the limits for all five days tested. During the Winter of 2006, 40% of creeks sampled for fecal coliforms (and analyzed using the geometric mean) exceeded the State established limits for recreational swimming. These creeks were: • East Fork of Woodacre Creek; • Woodacre Creek; • San Geronimo Creek at Roy’s Pools; and • San Geronimo Creek at the Inkwells. The highest level of fecal coliforms observed in 2005/06 (1,600 MPN/100 mL) occurred on East Fork Woodacre Creek (WS-17), Woodacre Creek (WS-19), and the Inkwells (WS-23) on San Geronimo Creek during the winter of 2006. Woodacre Creek exceeded State limits for fecal coliforms three out of five days tested. San Geronimo Creek at Roy’s Pools exceeded State limits for four out of five days tested. Nitrates and Orthophosphates Nitrates and orthophospates showed similar trends over the spatial and temporal range sampled. We observed a decreasing trend away from the more urbanized villages, i.e. values declined as we sampled further away from the more densely populated areas of the San Geronimo Valley. The highest levels of nitrates (1.8 mg/L) were detected at Woodacre Creek (WS-19) during the winter of 2006. The highest level of orthophosphates (0.086 mg/L) were detected at Woodacre Creek during the summer of 2006. 6 Temperature Temperature did not exceed the upper incipient lethal temperature (26.6 ºC, Brett, 1952), or critical thermal maxima (24.6 ºC, McGeer et al.1991) either in winter or summer sampling. Except during the 1st week of sampling in January 2006 (see East Fork Woodacre, Arroyo, Devil’s Gulch, Tocaloma), temperature did not exceed a maximum of 9-12 ºC during the winter sampling period, a range considered to be optimal for pre-emergent stages of coho ºC (Hicks (2000). Temperatures in excess of optimal growth ranges for coho were detected during the summer sampling period (12-14° C (Brett, 1952); 10-15.6° C (Armour, 1991); 9-13° C (Stein et al 1972)). See Appendix - Daily values across all sites for Summer 2005 (Figures 1 - 8) See Appendix, H20 Quality Data plots for time-specific values for all parameters measured.